43 results on '"SE YAN"'
Search Results
2. Structural change and the skill premium
- Author
-
Kaiming Guo, Jing Hang, and Se Yan
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics - Published
- 2022
3. Influences of Russian Culture on Harbin’s Urban Planning from 1898 to 1931 and Conservation Recommendations
- Author
-
Shiran Geng, Hing-Wah Chau, Se Yan, and Tian Wang
- Subjects
Russian culture ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,021107 urban & regional planning ,Qualitative property ,06 humanities and the arts ,02 engineering and technology ,Colonialism ,060104 history ,Cultural heritage ,Industrialisation ,Geography ,Economy ,Urban planning ,Urbanization ,0601 history and archaeology ,China - Abstract
Harbin, located in Northeast China, is the provincial capital of Heilongjiang province, the People’s Republic of China. The city was one of the most crucial junction cities on the Chinese Eastern Railway built in the early 1900s, which connected Russia and China. Russian migrants had a significant impact on the rapid urbanisation and industrialisation of Harbin and Russian features can be identified from Harbin’s urban planning, which is unique to other major Chinese cities. However, there is limited research on Russian influence on Harbin’s urban development during the Russian colonial period from 1898 to 1931, which is the focus of this paper. Field observation, map analysis, and desktop research were conducted to collect qualitative data. This study addresses the importance of Russian colonial impact on Harbin’s urban planning and the heritage conservation of the city’s historical urban fabric. Findings of this research can help researchers and local authorities understand the uniqueness and value of Russian inspired city planning. It will also be beneficial to the development of appropriate conservation guidelines which are applicable to Harbin and to other Chinese cities previously under colonial influence.
- Published
- 2021
4. Becoming 'Co-Ed': A Protestant Gift to China
- Author
-
Ningning Ma, Se Yan, and Yiling Zhao
- Subjects
History ,Polymers and Plastics ,Business and International Management ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Published
- 2022
5. Comparative analysis of hospital environments in Australia and China using the space syntax approach
- Author
-
Shiran Geng, Hing-Wah Chau, Se Yan, Wenyu Zhang, and Chunyang Zhang
- Subjects
Knowledge management ,030504 nursing ,business.industry ,Computer science ,05 social sciences ,050109 social psychology ,Building and Construction ,Field (geography) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Nursing Stations ,Public space ,Facility management ,Comparative research ,Health care ,Operational efficiency ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,Space syntax - Abstract
PurposeSpatial arrangement of hospital environments has been proven to have impacts on hospital users such as wayfinding, privacy and operational efficiency. Many studies examined the spatial quality of hospitals, but there is a lack of comparative research between Chinese and Australian hospitals. Hospitals in both countries have salient features that are worth to learn and can inform hospital stakeholders internationally on design decisions. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and compare the spatial quality of hospitals from both countries using space syntax approach and field observation.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses space syntax analysis and observation to provide qualitative and quantitative data. Illustrative case studies from both countries are selected for comparison. The main benchmarks involved in measuring the spatial qualities, such as step depth and visual connectivity, are analysed using Depthmap X before comparing with the results from observation.FindingsFor Chinese hospitals to be more human-centred, public space design and facility management need additional attention. Australian hospitals could learn from Hospital D on how to design highly centralised nursing stations that cope with a high patient flow. Global policy and decision-makers should consider the potential inconsistency between initial design intention and practical use.Originality/valuePractical implications were made based on the results for bettering hospital environments. It is hoped that the methodology presented in this research is of significance to the enhancement of global healthcare environment research.
- Published
- 2020
6. Determinants of China’s structural change during the reform era
- Author
-
Jing Hang, Kaiming Guo, and Se Yan
- Subjects
Price elasticity of demand ,Macroeconomics ,Counterfactual thinking ,Technological change ,Openness to experience ,Economics ,General Medicine ,Labor intensity ,Frictionless market ,Investment (macroeconomics) ,Relative price - Abstract
PurposeEconomic theories on structural change focus on factors such as fluctuations in relative prices and income growth. In addition, China’s reform and opening up has also been accompanied by increasing openness, significant fluctuations in investment rates, and frictions in the labor market. Existing literature lacks a unified theoretical framework to assess the relative importance of all these determinants. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachTo incorporate all of the potential determinants of China’s structural change, the authors build a two-country four-sector neoclassical growth model that embeds the multi-sector Eaton and Kortum (2002) model of international trade, complete input-output structure, non-homothetic preference and labor market frictions. The authors decompose the sectoral employment shares into six effects: the Baumol, Engel, investment, international trade, factor intensity and labor market friction effects. Using the data of Chinese economy from 1978 to 2011, the authors perform a quantitative investigation of the six determinants’ effects through the decomposition approach and counterfactual exercises.FindingsLow-income elasticity of demand, high labor intensity, and the existence of the switching costs are the reasons for the high employment share in the agricultural sector. Technological progress, investment and international trade have comparatively less influence on the proportion difference of employment in the three sectors.Originality/valueTherefore, to examine the impact on China’s structural change, in addition to Baumol effect and the Engel effect, it is also necessary to consider the impact of three more factors: international trade, investment and switching costs. Therefore, the authors decompose the factors that may influence China’s structural change into the Baumol, Engel, investment, international trade, factor intensity effect and switching cost effects. The authors evaluate these six effects using the decomposition approach and counterfactual exercises.
- Published
- 2018
7. Identify and Elucidating Urban Village Essentials Through Remodeling and Visualising a Social Housing Prototype in Guangzhou for Sustainable Residential Development in China
- Author
-
Hing-Wah Chau, Se Yan, and Shiran Geng
- Subjects
Typology ,Sustainable development ,Public housing ,Salient ,Urban village ,Communal living ,Business ,Town and country planning ,China ,Environmental planning - Abstract
There is currently an urban housing crisis affecting low-income people across China. Due to the need for high-density public housing, it is becoming increasingly common to demolish urban villages in order to build denser and higher social housing towers for low-income people. However, in addressing the need for new housing for low-income people, the social and cultural aspects of urban villages should be duly considered.This paper aims to identify and elucidate the salient features of urban villages based on case studies in Guangzhou and then use these to formulate sustainable strategies for new housing typologies in contrast with the conventional development approach of having residential towers. Indeed, dense mid-rise dwellings that retain the mixed functions of communal, social and commercial gathering spaces as found in the urban villages would foster the formation of communal living environments among residents. After identifying the salient features of urban villages, this paper proposes a new social housing typology that is visualised through computer 3D modelling and rendering.This research acknowledges the pressing housing needs in China and explore an alternative housing approach that is environmentally, socially and economically sustainable, which addresses housing needs with due consideration of the social and cultural site contexts.
- Published
- 2020
8. The Art of Governing: Nomads, Elites, and the Provision of Public Goods in China, 1738-1820
- Author
-
Cong Liu and Se Yan
- Subjects
Market economy ,State (polity) ,business.industry ,Service (economics) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Economic interventionism ,Distribution (economics) ,Business ,Public good ,Volatility (finance) ,China ,media_common ,Tax rate - Abstract
How did eighteenth-century China manage to provide public goods nationwide despite its low tax rate? We construct a prefecture-level panel dataset from 1738 to 1820 and examine the effectiveness of the provision of public goods by the state granary system and local elites in mitigating price volatility. The results show that government intervention effectively smoothed grain price fluctuations in regions with greater military threats, implying that national defense concerns drove the distribution of state resources. We also find that local elites provided this service in other regions, suggesting that the state and local elites were substitutional in the provision of public goods.
- Published
- 2020
9. Silver points, silver flows, and the measure of Chinese financial integration
- Author
-
David S. Jacks, Liuyan Zhao, and Se Yan
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Measure (data warehouse) ,05 social sciences ,Financial market ,Financial integration ,Monetary economics ,Economy ,Rest (finance) ,0502 economics and business ,Value (economics) ,Economics ,050207 economics ,Gold points ,China ,Foreign exchange market ,Finance ,050205 econometrics - Abstract
To what degree were Chinese financial markets integrated with the rest of the world prior to the 1949 Revolution and to what extent was the Chinese foreign exchange market efficient during this period? We estimate silver points for the Shanghai market from 1905 to 1933 to answer these questions. Our inferred measures are small in value, favorably match measured costs of the silver trade derived from contemporary accounts, and fare well in the comparison to estimates of trans-Atlantic gold points. This leads to the conclusion that the degree of Chinese financial market integration was substantial. However, during and immediately after World War I, our estimates of the silver points increased appreciably, foreshadowing the collapse of China's linkages to world financial markets beginning in the 1930s.
- Published
- 2017
10. Keeping Them Honest: The Long-term Effects of Protestant Missionaries on Honesty and Corporate Tax Avoidance in Modern China
- Author
-
Jiapin Deng, Qiao Liu, and Se Yan
- Subjects
History ,Polymers and Plastics ,Instrumental variable ,Tax avoidance ,Causality ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Term (time) ,Protestantism ,Development economics ,Business ,Business and International Management ,China ,Corporate tax ,Social capital - Abstract
Combining datasets on the 1920 Protestant diffusion in China and the financial reports of about 125,000 Chinese industrial firms from 1999 to 2007, we find significant effects of historical Protestant activities on current corporate tax avoidance. We then use disaster frequency as the instrumental variable to establish causality. Analysis of the survey-based CFPS data and a peer-to-peer lending dataset with more than one million borrowers shows that people from cities with more historical Protestant activities tend to trust others more and have better credit records. By illustrating the role of Protestantism in fostering social capital, our analysis suggests persistent effects of religion on individual and corporate behaviors.
- Published
- 2019
11. Elite or State: Grain Prices, Social Conflicts, and Provision of Public Goods in Eighteenth-Century China
- Author
-
Se Yan and Cong Liu
- Subjects
Government ,Agrarian society ,State (polity) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Development economics ,Elite ,Economics ,Social conflict ,Public good ,China ,media_common ,Panel data - Abstract
We examine the different functions of the government and of local elites in eighteenth-century China by considering their responses to grain price fluctuations, which were the largest shocks to traditional agrarian society. Descriptive evidence has indicated that both the government and the local elites provided public goods that mitigated high grain prices and maintained social stability. However, few studies to date have quantitatively compared the importance of these two types of service. We construct a prefecture-level set of panel data from 1742 to 1795 to compare the effects of government-managed granary with the effects of community services provided by local elites, and we show how these effects varied by region. The results show that although higher grain prices commonly led to increased conflict across China, this pattern did not apply in the most prosperous regions, namely the North and the Lower Yangzi. This set of findings suggests the existence of effective interventions to deal with food-supply crises. Further investigations show that although the government played a dominant role in the North, the local elites were more effective for reducing price fluctuations in the Lower Yangzi. We also provide several explanations for the different patterns of crisis relief found in the two examined regions.
- Published
- 2019
12. Servicification of Investment and Structural Transformation: The Case of China
- Author
-
Se Yan, Kaiming Guo, and Jing Hang
- Subjects
Consumption (economics) ,Economics and Econometrics ,Technological change ,business.industry ,050204 development studies ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Investment goods ,Investment (macroeconomics) ,Agriculture ,Service (economics) ,0502 economics and business ,Economics ,Production (economics) ,050207 economics ,Function (engineering) ,business ,China ,Finance ,Industrial organization ,media_common - Abstract
Structural transformation is a key feature of economic development. Traditional literature attributes it to changes in the sectoral composition of consumption. Different from it, we argue that the "servici fication" of investment goods, which is induced by investment-specific technological change, becomes an increasingly important reason for structural transformation, particularly for the rise of the services economy. Our study of the input output tables finds that the share of service inputs in investment goods have grown significantly in many countries since the 1980s, especially for investment-intensive economies such as China. To assess if the investment channel is quantitatively significant, we build a standard model with three broad sectors, but instead add an investment production function employing factors from all three sectors. Moreover, we incorporate investment-specific technological change by allowing the productivities of the three sectoral inputs to evolve over time. We calibrate the model to the Chinese economy from 1981-2014 and perform counter-factual experiments accordingly. We find that the technological change in the investment sector accounts for 33.1 percent decline in employment share of agriculture, 36.0 percent increase in employment share of manufacturing and 31.5 percent increase in employment share of services over the period. The magnitude of this effect on the share of services keeps growing, particularly after 2000. Our findings are not unique for China, but also apply to other economies experiencing "servici fication" of investment sector.
- Published
- 2018
13. GLOBALIZATION, TRADE, AND WAGES: WHAT DOES HISTORY TELL US ABOUT CHINA?
- Author
-
Se Yan and Kris James Mitchener
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Globalization ,Spanish Civil War ,General equilibrium theory ,business.industry ,Economics ,International trade ,Terms of trade ,business ,Trade cost ,China ,Free trade ,First world war - Abstract
Newly assembled data show that, as China opened up to global trade during the early 20th century, its exports became more unskilled-intensive and its imports more skill-intensive. Difference-in-differences estimates show that World War I dramatically increased Chinese exports, raising the relative demand for the unskilled workers producing them. When the war ended, trade costs declined and China's terms of trade increased, further stimulating exports. A simulation of a dynamic general equilibrium model demonstrates that the effects of the war on China's terms of trade produces a decline in the skill premium similar to what China experienced in the 1920s.
- Published
- 2014
14. Silver Points, Silver Flows, and the Measure of Chinese Financial Integration
- Author
-
David Jacks, Se Yan, and Liuyan Zhao
- Published
- 2016
15. Real estate prices in Beijing, 1644 to 1840
- Author
-
Se Yan, Susan M. Wachter, and Daniel M. G. Raff
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,History ,Politics ,Beijing ,Price index ,Capital (economics) ,Economics ,Economic history ,Real estate ,Cost of living ,China ,Database transaction - Abstract
This paper provides the first estimates of housing price movements for Beijing in late pre-modern China. We hand-collect from archival sources transaction prices and other house attribute information from the 498 surviving house sale contracts for Beijing during the first two centuries of the Qing Dynasty (1644–1840), a long period without major wars, political turmoil, or significant institutional change in the Chinese capital. We use hedonic methods to construct a real estate price index for Beijing for the period. The regression analysis explains a major proportion of the variance of housing prices. We find that house prices grew steadily for the first half-century of the Qing Dynasty and declined afterwards in both nominal and real terms through the late eighteenth century. Nominal prices grew starting in the late eighteenth century and declined from the early nineteenth century through 1840. But these price changes occurred with contemporaneous price changes in basic measures of the cost of living: there was little change in real terms to the end of our period.
- Published
- 2013
16. The Long-Term Effects of Protestant Activities in China
- Author
-
Hui Wang, Yuyu Chen, and Se Yan
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,jel:Z12 ,Emergency management ,business.industry ,Distribution (economics) ,Social value orientations ,Human capital ,humanities ,Protestantism, Economic Growth, Education, Health Care, China ,jel:I25 ,Geography ,Protestantism ,jel:N35 ,Development economics ,Health care ,jel:O11 ,jel:O43 ,jel:N15 ,business ,China ,Socioeconomic status - Abstract
Does culture, and in particular religion, exert an independent causal effect on long-term economic growth, or do culture and religion merely reflect the latter? We explore this issue by studying the case of Protestantism in China during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Combining county-level data on Protestant presence in 1920 and socioeconomic indicators in 2000, we find that the spread of Protestantism has generated significant positive effects in long-term economic growth, educational development, and health care outcomes. To better understand whether the relationship is causal, we exploit the fact that missionaries purposefully undertook disaster relief work to gain the trust of the local people. Thus, we use the frequency of historical disasters as an instrument for Protestant distribution. Our IV results confirm and enhance our OLS results. When we further investigate the transmission channels over the long historical period between 1920 and 2000, we find that although improvements in education and health care outcomes account for a sizable portion of the total effects of missionaries’ past activities on today’s economic outcomes, Protestant activities may have also contributed to long-term economic growth through other channels, such as through transformed social values. If so, then a significant amount of China’s growth since 1978 is the result not just of sudden institutional changes but of human capital and social values acquired over a longer historical period.
- Published
- 2014
17. Silver Points, Silver Flows, and the Measure of Chinese Financial Integration.
- Author
-
Jacks, David S., Se Yan, and Liuyan Zhao
- Published
- 2016
18. Removal of chromium (VI) from electroplating wastewater using an anion exchanger derived from rice straw
- Author
-
Wei Cao, Liuchun Zheng, Yun-Feng Liu, Se-Yan Huang, Zhi Dang, Chen Yang, Xiaoyun Yi, and Guining Lu
- Subjects
Chromium ,Sorbent ,Inorganic chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Waste Disposal, Fluid ,symbols.namesake ,Adsorption ,Chlorine ,Environmental Chemistry ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Anion Exchange Resins ,Water Science and Technology ,Ion exchange ,Langmuir adsorption model ,Oryza ,General Medicine ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,Electroplating ,chemistry ,symbols ,Thermodynamics ,Weak base ,Waste disposal - Abstract
An anion exchanger from rice straw was used to remove Cr (VI) from synthetic wastewater and electroplating effluent. The exchanger was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and it was found that the quaternary amino group and hydroxyl group are the main functional groups on the fibrous surface of the exchanger. The effect of contact time, initial concentration and pH on the removal of Cr (VI), and adsorption isotherms at different temperature, was investigated. The results showed that the removal of Cr (VI) was very rapid and was significantly affected by the initial pH of the solution. Although acidic conditions (pH = 2-6) facilitated Cr (VI) adsorption, the exchanger was effective in neutral solution and even under weak base conditions. The equilibrium data fitted well with Langmuir adsorption model, and the maximum Cr (VI) adsorption capacities at pH 6.4 were 0.35, 0.36 and 0.38 mmol/g for 15, 25 and 35 degrees C, respectively. The exchanger was finally tested with real electroplating wastewater, and at sorbent dosage of 10 g/L, the removal efficiencies for Cr (VI) and total Cr were 99.4% and 97.8%, respectively. In addition, the positive relationship between adsorbed Cr (VI) and desorbed Cl- suggested that Cr (VI) was mainly removed by ion exchange with chlorine.
- Published
- 2013
19. Big BRICs, Weak Foundations: The Beginning of Public Elementary Education in Brazil, Russia, India, and China
- Author
-
Latika Chaudhary, Aldo Musacchio, Steven Nafziger, and Se Yan
- Subjects
050208 finance ,0502 economics and business ,05 social sciences ,050207 economics - Published
- 2012
20. Big BRICs, Weak Foundations: The Beginning of Public Elementary Education in Brazil, Russia, India, and China
- Author
-
Aldo Musacchio, Se Yan, Steven Nafziger, and Latika Chaudhary
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,History ,Economic growth ,060106 history of social sciences ,Population ,Primary education ,Developing country ,Decentralization ,jel:I22 ,Politics ,Political science ,0502 economics and business ,jel:I28 ,0601 history and archaeology ,050207 economics ,10. No inequality ,China ,education ,education.field_of_study ,4. Education ,05 social sciences ,1. No poverty ,06 humanities and the arts ,BRIC ,Brazil, Russia, India, China, economic history, education, political economy, elites ,jel:N30 ,Elite ,jel:O15 - Abstract
Our paper provides a comparative perspective on the development of public primary education in four of the largest developing economies circa 1910: Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC). These four countries encompassed more than 50 percent of the world's population in 1910, but remarkably few of their citizens attended any school by the early 20th century. We present new, comparable data on school inputs and outputs for BRIC drawn from contemporary surveys and government documents. Recent studies emphasize the importance of political decentralization, and relatively broad political voice for the early spread of public primary education in developed economies. We identify the former and the lack of the latter to be important in the context of BRIC, but we also outline how other factors such as factor endowments, colonialism, serfdom, and, especially, the characteristics of the political and economic elite help explain the low achievement levels of these four countries and the incredible amount of heterogeneity within each of them.
- Published
- 2011
21. Real Wages and Skill Premia in China, 1858-1936
- Author
-
Se Yan
- Subjects
Wage inequality ,Labour economics ,Inequality ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Efficiency wage ,Wage ,Economics ,Cost of living ,Real wages ,China ,media_common - Abstract
What happens to wage inequality when a country begins to trade and industrialize? I construct new wage series for China from 1858 to 1936. I collect the nominal wages from the records of the China Maritime Customs, and estimate real wages for unskilled and skilled workers using new group-specific cost of living indices. I find that unskilled real wages were stagnant, but skilled wages rose rapidly before 1920 and fell thereafter. My findings suggest that technological advances increased skill demand, driving up the skill premium. Educational progress eventually increased the supply of skilled workers, thereby reducing the skilled wage.
- Published
- 2011
22. Big BRICs, Weak Foundations: The Beginning of Public Elementary Education in Brazil, Russia, India, and China
- Author
-
Steven Nafziger, Latika Chaudhary, Se Yan, and Aldo Musacchio
- Subjects
Politics ,education.field_of_study ,Economic growth ,Population ,Elite ,Development economics ,Primary education ,Economics ,Developing country ,China ,education ,Decentralization ,BRIC - Abstract
Our paper provides a comparative perspective on the development of public primary education in four of the largest developing economies circa 1910: Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC). These four countries encompassed more than 50 percent of the world’s population in 1910, but remarkably few of their citizens attended any school by the early 20th century. We present new, comparable data on school inputs and outputs for BRIC drawn from contemporary surveys and government documents. Recent studies emphasize the importance of political decentralization, and relatively broad political voice for the early spread of public primary education in developed economies. We identify the former and the lack of the latter to be important in the context of BRIC, but we also outline how other factors such as factor endowments, colonialism, serfdom, and, especially, the characteristics of the political and economic elite help explain the low achievement levels of these four countries and the incredible amount of heterogeneity within each of them.
- Published
- 2011
23. The state and scope of the economic history of developing regions
- Author
-
Latika Chaudhary, Grietjie Verhoef, Ewout Frankema, Johan Fourie, Martine Mariotti, Metin M. Cosgel, Se Yan, John M. Luiz, Stefan Schirmer, Jean-Luc Demonsant, and Giampaolo Garzarelli
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,History ,Latin Americans ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Developing country ,State (polity) ,Development economics ,jel:N01 ,Economic history ,Economics ,institutions ,new economic history ,China ,development ,media_common ,Cliometrics ,Scope (project management) ,Technological change ,cliometrics ,india ,developing countries ,latin america ,middle east ,africa ,china ,Dominance (economics) ,Africa, China, Cliometrics, developing countries, development, India, institutions, Latin America, Middle East, new economic history - Abstract
This paper examines the state and scope of the study of economic history of developing regions, underlining the importance of knowledge of history for economic development. While the quality of the existing research on developing countries is impressive, the proportion of published research focusing on these regions is low. The dominance of economic history research on the North American and Western European success stories suggests the need for a forum for future research that contributes to our understanding of how institutions, path dependency, technological change and evolutionary processes shape economic growth in the developing parts of the world. Many valuable data sets and historical episodes relating to developing regions remain unexplored, and many interesting questions unanswered. This is exciting. Economic historians and other academics interested in the economic past have an opportunity to work to begin to unlock the complex reasons for differences in development, the factors behind economic disasters and the dynamics driving emerging success stories.
- Published
- 2010
24. Globalization, Trade & Wages: What Does History tell us about China?
- Author
-
Kris James Mitchener and Se Yan
- Published
- 2010
25. Removal of chromium (VI) from electroplating wastewater using an anion exchanger derived from rice straw
- Author
-
Cao, Wei, primary, Dang, Zhi, additional, Yi, Xiao-Yun, additional, Yang, Chen, additional, Lu, Gui-Ning, additional, Liu, Yun-Feng, additional, Huang, Se-Yan, additional, and Zheng, Liu-Chun, additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. BIG BRICS, WEAK FOUNDATIONS: THE BEGINNING OF PUBLIC ELEMENTARY EDUCATION IN BRAZIL, RUSSIA, INDIA, AND CHINA.
- Author
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Chaudhary, Latika, Musacchio, Aldo, Nafziger, Steven, and Se Yan
- Published
- 2012
27. Real Wages and Wage Inequality in China, 1858-1936.
- Author
-
SE YAN
- Subjects
- *
WAGES , *INCOME gap , *SKILLED labor , *UNSKILLED labor , *COST of living , *ACADEMIC dissertations ,ECONOMIC conditions in China ,QING dynasty, China, 1644-1912 - Abstract
The article presents a summary of the academic dissertation "Real Wages and Wage Inequality in China, 1858-1936," by Se Yan of Peking University. An overview of the chapter-by-chapter structure and contents is given, noting its construction of a nominal wage series of employees in the Chinese Maritime Customs service in multiple cities. Additional subjects addressed by the work include the changes of skill premiums in Chinese workers over the period, the dynamics of the wage gap between skilled and unskilled workers, and the creation of a cost of living index.
- Published
- 2010
28. THE PRICE AND CONSUMPTION OF SALT IN CHINA IN 1901.
- Author
-
HASE, PATRICK H. and SE YAN
- Abstract
The article seeks to provide information on the price of salt in China towards the end of the Ch'ing (Qing) dynasty, emphasizing the impact such prices had on the lives of China's poor. The price of salt is compared to the average wages received by Chinese unskilled laborers, or coolies. The retail price of salt is also compared to the retail price of rice in order to make conclusions about salt's real price during this time. The authors conclude that the price of salt was not exorbitantly large, and only caused economic difficulties in China's Yangtse valley. Various economic reports concerning these prices are analyzed by the authors.
- Published
- 2009
29. GLOBALIZATION, TRADE & WAGES: WHAT DOES HISTORY TELL US ABOUT CHINA?
- Author
-
Mitchener, Kris James and Se Yan
- Published
- 2010
30. Economic Openness, industrial Development, and income Distribution in China, 1860-1936: Evidence from China Maritime Custom Archives.
- Author
-
Se Yan
- Subjects
- *
INDUSTRIALIZATION - Abstract
An abstract of the article "Economic Openness, industrial Development and income Distribution in China, 1860-1936: Evidence from China Maritime Custom Archives," by Se Yan is presented.
- Published
- 2008
31. Real estate prices in Beijing, 1644 to 1840.
- Author
-
Raff, Daniel, Wachter, Susan, and Se Yan
- Subjects
- *
REAL property sales & prices , *HOME prices , *REAL property , *HOUSING , *COST of living , *HISTORY ,QING dynasty, China, 1644-1912 ,ECONOMIC conditions in China - Abstract
This paper provides the first estimates of housing price movements for Beijing in late pre-modern China. We hand-collect from archival sources transaction prices and other house attribute information from the 498 surviving house sale contracts for Beijing during the first two centuries of the Qing Dynasty ( 1644-1840), a long period without major wars, political turmoil, or significant institutional change in the Chinese capital. We use hedonic methods to construct a real estate price index for Beijing for the period. The regression analysis explains a major proportion of the variance of housing prices. We find that house prices grew steadily for the first half-century of the Qing Dynasty and declined afterwards in both nominal and real terms through the late eighteenth century. Nominal prices grew starting in the late eighteenth century and declined from the early nineteenth century through 1840. But these price changes occurred with contemporaneous price changes in basic measures of the cost of living: there was little change in real tenns to the end of our period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Ligand Binding to the Collagen VI Receptor Triggers a Talin-to-RhoA Switch that Regulates Receptor Endocytosis.
- Author
-
Bürgi J, Abrami L, Castanon I, Abriata LA, Kunz B, Yan SE, Lera M, Unger S, Superti-Furga A, Peraro MD, Gaitan MG, and van der Goot FG
- Subjects
- Animals, Cytoskeleton metabolism, Female, Humans, Hyaline Fibromatosis Syndrome genetics, Hyaline Fibromatosis Syndrome metabolism, Ligands, Male, Mutation, Receptors, Collagen genetics, Receptors, Peptide genetics, Talin genetics, Zebrafish, rhoA GTP-Binding Protein genetics, Collagen Type VI metabolism, Endocytosis, Hyaline Fibromatosis Syndrome pathology, Receptors, Collagen metabolism, Receptors, Peptide metabolism, Talin metabolism, rhoA GTP-Binding Protein metabolism
- Abstract
Capillary morphogenesis gene 2 (CMG2/ANTXR2) is a cell surface receptor for both collagen VI and anthrax toxin. Biallelic loss-of-function mutations in CMG2 lead to a severe condition, hyaline fibromatosis syndrome (HFS). We have here dissected a network of dynamic interactions between CMG2 and various actin interactors and regulators, describing a different behavior from other extracellular matrix receptors. CMG2 binds talin, and thereby the actin cytoskeleton, only in its ligand-free state. Extracellular ligand binding leads to src-dependent talin release and recruitment of the actin cytoskeleton regulator RhoA and its effectors. These sequential interactions of CMG2 are necessary for the control of oriented cell division during fish development. Finally, we demonstrate that effective switching between talin and RhoA binding is required for the intracellular degradation of collagen VI in human fibroblasts, which explains why HFS mutations in the cytoskeleton-binding domain lead to dysregulation of extracellular matrix homeostasis., Competing Interests: Declaration of Interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. In-depth analysis of hyaline fibromatosis syndrome frameshift mutations at the same site reveal the necessity of personalized therapy.
- Author
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Yan SE, Lemmin T, Salvi S, Lausch E, Superti-Furga A, Rokicki D, Dal Peraro M, and van der Goot FG
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Cells, Cultured, Exons genetics, Fibroblasts metabolism, HeLa Cells, Humans, Infant, Models, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, Nonsense Mediated mRNA Decay drug effects, RNA, Messenger genetics, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Frameshift Mutation, Hyaline Fibromatosis Syndrome genetics, Hyaline Fibromatosis Syndrome therapy, Receptors, Peptide genetics
- Abstract
Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in ANTXR2, a gene involved in extracellular matrix homeostasis. Sixty percent of patients carry frameshift mutations at a mutational hotspot in exon 13. We show in patient cells that these mutations lead to low ANTXR2 mRNA and undetectable protein levels. Ectopic expression of the proteins encoded by the mutated genes reveals that a two base insertion leads to the synthesis of a protein that is rapidly targeted to the ER-associated degradation pathway due to the modified structure of the cytosolic tail, which instead of being hydrophilic and highly disordered as in wild type ANTXR2, is folded and exposes hydrophobic patches. In contrast, one base insertion leads to a truncated protein that properly localizes to the plasma membrane and retains partial function. We next show that targeting the nonsense mediated mRNA decay pathway in patient cells leads to a rescue of ANTXR2 protein in patients carrying one base insertion but not in those carrying two base insertions. This study highlights the importance of in-depth analysis of the molecular consequences of specific patient mutations, which even when they occur at the same site can have drastically different consequences., (© 2013 WILEY PERIODICALS, INC.)
- Published
- 2013
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34. Effect of genetic polymorphism of UCP2-866 G/A on repaglinide response in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.
- Author
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Wang S, Se YM, Liu ZQ, Lei MX, Hao-BoYang, Sun ZX, Nie SD, Zeng XM, and Wu J
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Alleles, Asian People genetics, Blood Glucose metabolism, DNA Primers, Female, Genotype, Humans, Insulin blood, Insulin-Secreting Cells physiology, Male, Middle Aged, Pancreatic Function Tests, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Uncoupling Protein 2, Carbamates pharmacology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 drug therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 genetics, Hypoglycemic Agents pharmacology, Ion Channels genetics, Mitochondrial Proteins genetics, Piperidines pharmacology
- Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of the UCP2-866 G/A polymorphism on the efficacy of repaglinide in treating patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM). 370 patients with T2DM and 166 healthy volunteers were enrolled to identify UCP2-866 G/A genotypes. 16 patients with GG genotype, 14 with GA genotype and 11 with AA genotype of UCP2-866 G/A underwent an 8-week repaglinide treatment regimen. There were no differences in allele frequency of UCP2-866 G/A between T2DM patients and control subjects. The patient with AA genotype of UCP2-866 G/A had higher levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 30-min and 2-h postload plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and lower concentrations of 30-min and 2-h postload plasma insulin, homeostasis model assessment of beta cell function (HOMA-beta), deltaI30/deltaG30 compared with GG genotype. After repaglinide treatment for 8 consecutive weeks, we found that A allele carriers of UCP2 in the T2DM patients had smaller decrease in FPG (P < 0.05) and HbA1c (P < 0.05), and smaller increase in 30-min postload plasma insulin (P < 0.01) compared with GG genotypes. We demonstrated that UCP2-866 G/A polymorphism is associated with the therapeutic efficacy of repaglinide in Chinese T2DM patients.
- Published
- 2012
35. RNA interference-mediated inhibition of brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression increases cocaine's cytotoxicity in cultured cells.
- Author
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Yan QS, Feng MJ, and Yan SE
- Subjects
- Animals, Brain metabolism, Brain physiopathology, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor antagonists & inhibitors, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor genetics, Cell Death drug effects, Cell Death genetics, Cell Line, Tumor, Cells, Cultured, Cocaine-Related Disorders genetics, Cocaine-Related Disorders physiopathology, Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors toxicity, Down-Regulation genetics, Gene Expression Regulation drug effects, Gene Expression Regulation genetics, Humans, Neurons metabolism, Neurons pathology, RNA, Messenger genetics, RNA, Messenger metabolism, RNA, Small Interfering genetics, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Tetrazolium Salts, Thiazoles, Transfection, Brain drug effects, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor metabolism, Cocaine toxicity, Cocaine-Related Disorders metabolism, Neurons drug effects, RNA Interference
- Abstract
Previous studies showed that cocaine exposure decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) function and resulted in neuronal cell death. To investigate a role of BDNF in cocaine's cytotoxicity, an RNA interference (RNAi) approach was used. Transfection of neuroblastoma SK-N-AS cells or primary rat hippocampal neurons with the small double-stranded interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting BDNF mRNA, but not the scrambled siRNA, resulted in reductions in levels of BDNF mRNA and proteins by more than 70% in the transfected cells as compared with the control group, suggesting an RNAi-mediated, sequence-specific gene silencing. The results also showed that cocaine-induced cytotoxicity, assessed by the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazodium bromide) assay, was more pronounced in the cells transfected with the siRNA than in the cells transfected with the scrambled siRNA or in the cells treated with Lipofectamine 2000 alone (the control group), suggesting that inhibition of BDNF expression enhances cocaine's cytotoxicity. Together with previous studies showing that cocaine suppresses BDNF expression, the present data suggest that the drug-induced reduction of BDNF productions may make neurons more vulnerable to cocaine's toxic effects and precipitate cocaine-induced central nervous system damages.
- Published
- 2007
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36. Cocaine exposure at a sublethal concentration downregulates CREB functions in cultured neuroblastoma cells.
- Author
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Feng MJ, Yan SE, and Yan QS
- Subjects
- Analysis of Variance, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor genetics, Calcium metabolism, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Survival drug effects, Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein metabolism, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Down-Regulation, Gene Expression Regulation drug effects, Humans, Neuroblastoma, Neurons metabolism, Phosphorylation drug effects, RNA, Messenger analysis, Statistics, Nonparametric, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor drug effects, Cocaine administration & dosage, Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein drug effects, Neurons drug effects
- Abstract
Previous studies showed that prenatal cocaine in an animal model decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) activity in offspring's brain. Since BDNF is one of target genes of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), this study examined effects of cocaine on CREB activities in a human neuroblastoma (SK-N-AS) cell line. The MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazodium bromide) assay indicated that cocaine exposure at 5 microM for 24 h had no significant influences on cell viability. However, a 24-h exposure to cocaine at the same concentration significantly decreased the level of phosphorylated CREB, although no significant changes in total CREB proteins were observed. Consistent with reduced CREB phosphorylation, the electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that exposure to 5 microM of cocaine for 24 h also inhibited CREB binding activity and significantly decreased BDNF mRNA expression. In addition, exposure to 5 microM cocaine for 24 h attenuated the glutamic acid-evoked increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Taken together, these findings suggest that cocaine exposure at the sublethal concentration downregulates CREB functions in the cultured SK-N-AS cell line, and that diminished intracellular Ca2+ responses may be associated in part with cocaine-induced downregulation of CREB activity.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Involvement of 5-HT1B receptors within the ventral tegmental area in ethanol-induced increases in mesolimbic dopaminergic transmission.
- Author
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Yan QS, Zheng SZ, Feng MJ, and Yan SE
- Subjects
- Animals, Benzamides administration & dosage, Biphenyl Compounds administration & dosage, Injections, Intraventricular, Limbic System drug effects, Limbic System metabolism, Male, Microdialysis, Neurons drug effects, Neurons metabolism, Nucleus Accumbens drug effects, Oxadiazoles administration & dosage, Piperazines administration & dosage, Pyridines pharmacology, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Ventral Tegmental Area drug effects, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid metabolism, Dopamine metabolism, Ethanol pharmacology, Nucleus Accumbens metabolism, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B metabolism, Ventral Tegmental Area metabolism
- Abstract
Evidence suggests that 5-hydroxytriptamine-1B (5-HT1B) receptors play a role in modifying ethanol's reinforcing effects and voluntary intake, and that 5-HT1B receptors within the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are involved in regulation of mesolimbic dopaminergic neuronal activity. Since increased mesolimbic dopaminergic transmission has been implicated in ethanol's reinforcing properties, this study was designed to assess the involvement of VTA 5-HT1B receptors in mediating the stimulatory effects of ethanol on VTA dopaminergic neurons. Dual-probe microdialysis was performed in freely moving adult Sprague-Dawley rats with one probe within the VTA and the other within the ipsilateral nucleus accumbens (NACC). Dopamine (DA) levels in dialysates from both areas, as the index of the activity of mesolimbic DA neurons, were measured simultaneously. The results showed that intraperitoneal injection of ethanol at the doses of 1 and 2 g/kg increased extracellular DA concentrations in both the VTA and the NACC, suggesting increased DA neuronal activity. These ethanol-induced increases of the DA release in the VTA and the NACC were significantly attenuated by intra-tegmental infusion of SB 216641 (a 5-HT(1B) receptor antagonist), but not BRL 15572 (a 5-HT(1D/1A) receptor antagonist) or WAY 100635 (a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist). Administration of ethanol at the same doses did not significantly alter extracellular levels of GABA in the VTA. The results also showed that intra-tegmental infusion of CP 94253, a 5-HT1B receptor agonist, significantly prolonged the effects of ethanol on NACC DA. The results suggest that blockade and activation of VTA 5-HT1B receptors attenuates and potentiates the neurochemical effects of ethanol, respectively, and support the suggestion that VTA 5-HT(1B) receptors may be involved in part in mediating the activating effects of ethanol on mesolimbic DA neurons.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor tyrosine kinase B in offspring.
- Author
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Feng MJ, Yan SE, and Yan QS
- Subjects
- Animals, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor genetics, Female, Male, Pregnancy, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Receptor, trkB genetics, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor metabolism, Ethanol administration & dosage, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Receptor, trkB metabolism
- Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure produces many developmental defects in the central nervous system. The underlying molecular mechanism, however, has not been fully understood. The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) in offspring. The pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received 1 or 3 g/kg of alcohol or an isocaloric solution by intragastric intubation once a day from gestational day (GD) 5 to GD 20. On postnatal day 7-8, pups were killed and the hippocampus, striatum, cortex, and cerebellum dissected out. Levels of BDNF mRNA and proteins, total TrkB proteins and receptor phosphorylation were measured. The results showed that prenatal alcohol exposure at the dose of 1 g/kg/day did not significantly affect BDNF protein levels in any region examined. However, administration of alcohol at the dose of 3 g/kg/day markedly reduced levels of BDNF protein and mRNA in the cortex and hippocampus of offspring. Western blotting showed that prenatal alcohol exposure at the dose of 3 g/kg/day also inhibited TrkB phosphorylation in the hippocampus although no changes in total TrkB protein levels were observed in any region examined. Our data suggest that prenatal alcohol exposure alters both presynaptic and postsynaptic BDNF function in certain brain areas of offspring. These alterations in BDNF function may contribute to the development of alcohol-related birth defects.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Different expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the nucleus accumbens of alcohol-preferring (P) and -nonpreferring (NP) rats.
- Author
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Yan QS, Feng MJ, and Yan SE
- Subjects
- Alcohol Drinking genetics, Animals, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor genetics, Gene Expression Regulation physiology, Male, Rats, Alcohol Drinking metabolism, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor biosynthesis, Nucleus Accumbens metabolism
- Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the gene that encodes brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) might be linked with vulnerability to alcohol abuse. We have now compared BDNF protein levels in several brain regions between alcohol-naive alcohol-preferring (P) and -nonpreferring (NP) rats using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedure. The results showed that BDNF levels in the nucleus accumbens of the P rats were significantly lower than those of the NP rats, suggesting that this innate difference may contribute to the disparate alcohol drinking behavior of the P and NP rats.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Involvement of 5-HT1B receptors within the ventral tegmental area in regulation of mesolimbic dopaminergic neuronal activity via GABA mechanisms: a study with dual-probe microdialysis.
- Author
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Yan QS, Zheng SZ, and Yan SE
- Subjects
- Animals, Baclofen pharmacology, Benzamides pharmacology, Biphenyl Compounds pharmacology, GABA Agonists pharmacology, Male, Microdialysis, Neural Pathways, Neurons metabolism, Nucleus Accumbens cytology, Oxadiazoles pharmacology, Piperazines pharmacology, Pyridines pharmacology, Pyrroles pharmacology, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Serotonin Antagonists pharmacology, Serotonin Receptor Agonists pharmacology, Ventral Tegmental Area cytology, Ventral Tegmental Area drug effects, Dopamine metabolism, Nucleus Accumbens metabolism, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B metabolism, Ventral Tegmental Area metabolism, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid metabolism
- Abstract
This study was designed to assess the involvement of 5-HT1B receptors within the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in the regulation of mesolimbic dopaminergic transmission. Dual-probe microdialysis was performed in freely moving adult Sprague-Dawley rats with one probe within the VTA and the other within the ipsilateral nucleus accumbens (NACC). Drugs were administered into the VTA via retrograde dialysis. Dialysates from both the VTA and the NAC were collected for determination of dopamine (DA) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Intra-tegmental infusion of CP 93129 (20, 40, and 80 microM), a 5-HT1B receptor agonist, increased extracellular DA concentrations in a concentration-dependent manner not only in the NACC but also in the VTA, indicating increased mesolimbic DA neuron activity. Administration of CP 93129 at 80 microM into the VTA also significantly decreased extracellular GABA concentrations in this region. Co-infusion of the 5-HT1B receptor antagonist SB 216641 (10 microM), but not the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY 100635 (10 microM) or the 5-HT1D/1A receptor antagonist BRL 15572 (10 microM), antagonized not only the effects of intra-tegmental CP 93129 (80 microM) on VTA DA and NAC DA but also on VTA GABA. The results suggest that activation of VTA 5-HT1B receptors increases mesolimbic DA neuron activities. The increased DA neuron activity may be associated, at least in part, with the 5-HT1B receptor-mediated inhibition of VTA GABA release.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Prenatal cocaine exposure decreases brain-derived neurotrophic factor proteins in the rat brain.
- Author
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Yan QS, Zheng SZ, and Yan SE
- Subjects
- Analysis of Variance, Anesthetics, Local pharmacology, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Brain anatomy & histology, Brain metabolism, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay methods, Female, Potassium pharmacology, Pregnancy, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Brain drug effects, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor metabolism, Cocaine pharmacology, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental drug effects, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
- Abstract
The pregnant rats received daily sc injections of cocaine (30 mg/kg) or saline from the gestational day (GD) 7 to GD 20. At 1 week postnatal, all pups were killed and the hippocampus, cortex and striatum were dissected out. Levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) under the basal condition and depolarization with high potassium (40 mM) were measured. The results showed that hippocampal BDNF levels under basal and depolarization conditions were all significantly lower in the pups prenatally exposed to cocaine than those exposed to saline. There were no significant differences in basal BDNF levels between the cocaine and saline groups in the cortex or striatum. However, the prenatally cocaine-treated pups showed significantly less BDNF release following high potassium depolarization than the saline-treated animals did in both these regions. The results support the suggestion that prenatal cocaine exposure decreases BDNF expression in the offspring.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Serotonin-1B receptor-mediated inhibition of [(3)H]GABA release from rat ventral tegmental area slices.
- Author
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Yan QS and Yan SE
- Subjects
- 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin pharmacology, Animals, Benzamides pharmacology, Electrophysiology, GABA Antagonists pharmacology, In Vitro Techniques, Indoles pharmacology, Male, Oxadiazoles pharmacology, Pindolol pharmacology, Piperazines pharmacology, Potassium metabolism, Pyridines pharmacology, Pyrroles pharmacology, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B, Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT1, Serotonin Antagonists pharmacology, Ventral Tegmental Area drug effects, Pindolol analogs & derivatives, Receptors, Serotonin metabolism, Ventral Tegmental Area metabolism, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid metabolism
- Abstract
In order to assess a role of 5-HT(1B) receptors for regulation of GABA transmission in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), VTA slices from the rat were incubated with [(3)H]GABA and beta-alanine, and superfused in the presence of nipecotic acid and aminooxyacetic acid. [(3)H]GABA release was induced by exposures to the medium containing 30 mM potassium for 2 min. The results showed that high potassium-evoked [(3)H]GABA release was sensitive to calcium withdrawal or blockade of sodium channels by tetrodotoxin, suggesting that tritium overflow induced by high potassium derived largely from neuronal stores. Administration of CP 93129 (0.15 and 0.45 microM), a 5-HT(1B) receptor agonist, or RU 24969 (0.15 and 0.45 microM), a 5-HT(1B/1A) receptor agonist, but not 8-OH-DPAT (0.45 microM), a 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist, inhibited high potassium-evoked [(3)H]GABA release in a concentration-related manner. The RU 24969-induced inhibition of [(3)H]GABA release was antagonized by either SB 216641, a 5-H(1B) receptor antagonist, or cyanopindolol, a 5-HT(1B/1A) receptor antagonist, but not by WAY 100635, a 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist. Pre-treatment with SB 216641 also antagonized CP 93129-induced inhibition of [(3)H]GABA release. The results support the hypothesis that 5-HT(1B) receptors within the VTA can function as heteroreceptors to inhibit GABA release.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Activation of 5-HT(1B/1D) receptors in the mesolimbic dopamine system increases dopamine release from the nucleus accumbens: a microdialysis study.
- Author
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Yan QS and Yan SE
- Subjects
- Animals, Male, Microdialysis, Nucleus Accumbens drug effects, Pindolol pharmacology, Piperazines pharmacology, Pyridines pharmacology, Pyrroles pharmacology, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B, Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT1, Serotonin Antagonists pharmacology, Serotonin Receptor Agonists pharmacology, Tetrodotoxin pharmacology, Time Factors, Ventral Tegmental Area drug effects, Dopamine metabolism, Nucleus Accumbens metabolism, Pindolol analogs & derivatives, Receptors, Serotonin metabolism, Ventral Tegmental Area metabolism
- Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)(1B) receptors located in the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens in the modulation of accumbal dopaminergic transmission. The selective 5-HT(1B) receptor agonist CP 93129 [3-(1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridyl)pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrid-5-one] was administered into the ventral tegmental area or nucleus accumbens of freely moving Sprague-Dawley rats via retrograde microdialysis. The effects of intra-accumbal and intra-tegmental CP 93129 on extracellular dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens were measured using one- and dual-probe microdialysis, respectively. For dual-probe microdialysis, one probe was in the ventral tegmental area for drug administration and the other in the ipsilateral nucleus accumbens for dopamine measurement. The results show that infusion of CP 93129 (2, 5 and 10 microM) into the nucleus accumbens increased local dopamine levels in a concentration-related manner. Infusion of CP 93129 (10 and 20 microM) into the ventral tegmental area also increased dopamine levels in the ipsilateral nucleus accumbens. The increased dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens produced by intra-accumbal or intra-tegmental CP 93129 was antagonized by co-infusion of cyanopindolol (5 microM), a 5-HT(1B/1A) receptor antagonist, but not by WAY-100635 [N-(2-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl)ethyl)-N-2-pyridinyl-cyclohexanecarboxamide] (5 microM), a highly selective 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist. In addition, augmentations of dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens induced by intra-accumbal CP 93129 were sensitive to Na(+) channel blockade with tetrodotoxin. These results are not in opposition to the concept that 5-HT(1B) receptors within the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens are all involved in the modulation of dopamine release in the terminal area of the mesolimbic dopamine system.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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