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The main purpose of this project is developing a GUI in PyQt that is capable of controlling and monitoring various oscilloscopes (Anritsu MS2830A and Agilent N9020A in our case) remotely, as well as the input and output signals of a BLAS, and that is able to establish a connection with all the records of our EPICS IOC in order to have access to real-time data from our entire system from any device on our subnet quickly. This Bachelor’s Thesis is approached from an ambitious perspective, since the purpose of this project as a whole is to prepare a BLAS manufactured by the company BTESA for the educational field, that is, It is intended to test and study this technology in addition to developing software capable of interacting with it in order to be able to sell these devices to universities in the future, and in this way, that future students can obtain theoretical and practical knowledge related to particle accelerators such as RF amplifiers. Due to the great complexity involved in this project, several engineers from other areas of engineering (telecommunications engineers and electronics engineers) who are doing their TFM share part of the project with me. This fact allowed me to interact with experts in other areas of knowledge other than mine in a professional way, and to face together problems that arose throughout the project, and that we have solved as a team, thus learning new concepts, which otherwise, it would have been difficult to learn. The result of the exposed culminates with the obtention of a complete and functional monitoring and control system for the equipment, which complies the requirements defined in the preliminary stages, and supposes the finalization of the Degree., El objetivo principal de este proyecto es desarrollar una interfaz gráfica de usuario en PyQt que sea capaz de controlar y monitorear varios osciloscopios (Anritsu MS2830A y Agilent N9020A en nuestro caso) de forma remota, así como las señales de entrada y salida de un BLAS, y que pueda establecer una conexión con todos los registros de nuestro IOC EPICS para tener acceso a los datos en tiempo real de todo nuestro sistema desde cualquier dispositivo en nuestra subred de manera rápida. Esta tesis de licenciatura se aborda desde una perspectiva ambiciosa, ya que el propósito de este proyecto en su conjunto es preparar un BLAS fabricado por la empresa BTESA para el campo educativo, es decir, se pretende probar y estudiar esta tecnología además de desarrollar software capaz de interactuar con ella para poder vender estos dispositivos a universidades en el futuro, y de esta manera, que los futuros estudiantes puedan obtener conocimientos teóricos y prácticos relacionados con aceleradores de partículas como amplificadores de RF. Debido a la gran complejidad involucrada en este proyecto, varios ingenieros de otras áreas de ingeniería (ingenieros de telecomunicaciones e ingenieros electrónicos) que están haciendo su TFM comparten parte del proyecto conmigo. Este hecho me permitió interactuar de manera profesional con expertos en otras áreas de conocimiento distintas a la mía, y enfrentar juntos los problemas que surgieron a lo largo del proyecto, y que hemos resuelto como equipo, aprendiendo así nuevos conceptos, que de otra manera, habría sido difícil de aprender. El resultado expuesto culmina con la obtención de un sistema completo y funcional de monitoreo y control del equipo, que cumple con los requisitos definidos en las etapas preliminares, y supone la finalización de la Licenciatura.

Background A variety of diabetes self-management instruments have been developed but few of them consist of the preparedness for diabetes self-management behavior. The novel psychometric evaluation tool “the LMC Skills, Confidence & Preparedness Index (SCPI)” measures three key aspects of a patient’s diabetes self-management: knowledge of the skill, confidence in being able to perform skill and preparedness to implement the skill. The objective of this study was to translate, adapt and validate the SCPI for use in Chinese adult patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods This study followed the guideline recommended by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Evidence Based Medicine Committee (AAOS) to indigenize the scale. Forward and back translation, and cross-cultural language debugging were completed according to the recommended steps. A convenience sample of Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 375) were recruited from a university-affiliated hospital in Shanghai. The validity (criterion, discriminant validity, and construct validity), reliability (internal consistency and test–retest reliability) and the interpretability of the instrument were examined. The content validity was calculated by experts’ evaluation. Results The Chinese version of SCPI (C-SCPI) has good internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.92. The ceiling effects of the preparedness subscales is 21%. The criterion validity of three dimensions of C-SCPI was established with significantly moderate correlations between the DKT, DES-SF and SDSCA (p 2/df = 2.775, RMSEA = 0.069, CFI = 0.903, GFI = 0.873, TLI = 0.889, IFI = 0.904. The test–retest reliability coefficient was 0.61 (p Conclusion We established a Chinese version of SCPI through translation and cross-cultural adaptation. The C-SCPI is reliable and valid for assessment of the level of self-management in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Trabalho de Projeto para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Eletrónica e Telecomunicações Submitted by Isabel Melo (imelo@sa.isel.pt) on 2022-02-09T10:46:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao.pdf: 5779722 bytes, checksum: 01dfa80e7ce94d311623dfa7b61c107a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-02-09T10:46:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao.pdf: 5779722 bytes, checksum: 01dfa80e7ce94d311623dfa7b61c107a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-12 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Celična membrana in membrane celičnih organelov so v večini sestavljene iz lipidnih dvoslojev, ki vsebujejo tudi proteinske molekule. Izpostavitev celice električnemu polju ustrezne jakosti in trajanja povzroči povečano prepustnost celične membrane. Ta pojav imenujemo elektroporacija. Elektroporacijo danes rutinsko uporabljamo v biomedicini in biotehnologiji. Opravljene raziskave nakazujejo, da se spremembe v membrani – pore zaradi vsiljenega električnega polja pojavijo v lipidnih predelih celične membrane. Kot dober približek celične membrane pri raziskavah na področju elektroporacije velikokrat uporabljamo umetno ustvarjeni ravninski lipidni dvosloj. Ravninski lipidni dvosloj z makroskopskega vidika opišemo z lastnostmi, kot so: kapacitivnost, debelina, upornost oziroma prevodnost in porušitvena napetost. Vsaka izmed teh lastnosti potrebuje svoj princip merjenja. Meritve omenjenih lastnosti večinoma temeljijo na tokovnem oziroma napetostnem vzbujanju ravninskega lipidnega dvosloja in merjenju njegovega napetostnega oziroma tokovnega odziva. Postopki priprave ravninskega lipidnega dvosloja so časovno in tehnično zahtevni. Po postavitvi ravninskega lipidnega dvosloja preverimo ali smo ravninski lipidni dvosloj zgradili z merjenjem toka ob vzbujanju s 100 µs napetostnim pulzom amplitude 100 mV. Če je tok zanemarljivo majhen, izmerimo kapacitivnost po metodi razelektritve pulza ter ocenimo kvaliteto zgrajenega lipidnega dvosloja. Za tem ravninski lipidni dvosloj lahko preučujemo na različne načine. Merimo lahko denimo njegovo upornost in kapacitivnost skozi čas z impedančno metodo ali pa uporabimo linearno naraščajoč signal, da ravninski lipidni dvosloj porušimo in izmerimo porušitveno napetost. Poizkusi so lahko zelo zamudni, saj trajajo tudi po več ur ali cel dan. Namen magistrske naloge je razvoj avtonomnega merilnega sistema, ki poenostavlja, avtomatizira postopke gradnje ravninskega lipidnega dvosloja in merjenja električnih lastnosti. Ciljni uporabnik našega sistema je raziskovalec v laboratoriju. Sistem temelji na prirejenem vezju razvitem v diplomskem delu Roka Maliča. Dodali smo funkcionalnost za avtomatsko tvorjenje lipidnega dvosloja s pomočjo laboratorijskih injekcijskih črpalk WPI ALADDIN-1000, ki jih krmilimo preko protokola UART. Prav tako smo standardizirali tvorjenje vzbujalnih napetostnih signalov in omogočili merjenje toka in napetosti ter analiziranje izmerjenih podatkov. Razvili smo način, da uporabnik s sistemom upravlja preko osebnega računalnika in orodja MATLAB, za katerega smo izdelali enostaven uporabniški vmesnik na podlagi standardnih ukazov SCPI (ang: Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments). The cell membrane and the membranes of cellular organelles are mostly composed of lipid bilayers that also include protein molecules. Exposing a cell to an electrical field of sufficient strength and duration increases the permeability of the cell membrane. This phenomenon is called electroporation. Electroporation is routinely used today in biomedicine and biotechnology. Experiments show that during electroporation the changes in the membrane – pores occur within the lipid regions of the cell membrane. Artificially created planar lipid bilayers are often used as an approximation of the actual cell membrane in electroporation research. Planar lipid bilayers are macroscopically defined by their characteristics such as capacitance, thickness, resistance or conductance, and breaking voltage. Each one of these characteristics requires a specific measurement technique. Measurements are mostly based on voltage or current clamping and then analysing the current or voltage responses respectively. Constructing planar lipid bilayers is time-consuming and technically challenging. After the planar lipid bilayer is constructed we verify its existence by measuring the current when exposing the potential bilayer to a brief 100 µs voltage pulse with an amplitude of 100 mV. If the current is negligibly small, we measure the capacitance with the pulse discharge method and assess the quality of the planar lipid bilayer. Then we can study the planar lipid bilayer in various ways like measuring its resistivity and capacitance in relation to time with impedance-based methods or we can use a voltage signal that increases linearly with time to determine the breaking time and breaking voltage of the planar lipid bilayer. Experiments are time-consuming and can last multiple hours or even span multiple days. The purpose of this study is to develop an autonomous measuring system that simplifies and automates the procedures of creating planar lipid bilayers and measuring their electrical properties. The end-user of our system is a researcher in a laboratory. The system is based on a circuit developed by Rok Malič in his bachelor diploma. We added the functionality of automatic planar lipid bilayer construction with the help of two laboratory syringe pumps WPI ALADDIN-1000, which are controlled with UART communication. Furthermore, we standardized the generation of voltage signals for voltage clamping and enabled measuring electrical current and voltage and further analysis of collected data. We developed a way for the user to control and take advantage of the system with a personal computer and MATLAB, for which we developed a simple user interface following SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments) standards.

This paper presents the extensions carried out in the Android measurement and monitoring tool TestelDroid, in order to support remote control and large-scale experimentation. The extensions includes support for Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI), cOntrol and Management Framework (OMF) and OMFMeasurement Library (OML). SCPI is the most widespread interface for measurement equipment control in many areas, for example, electronics or telecommunications. On the other hand, the support of technologies like OMF and OML provides powerful orchestration framework languages which reduces the time required for dening experiments.

V sledeči diplomski nalogi visokošolskega strokovnega študija sem predstavil izdelavo vezja za enokanalni zajem EKG signala z uporabo sistema Red Pitaya. Amplitude signalov, ki jih s pomočjo elektrod odjemamo na površini kože so zelo majhne (milivoltno področje). Prav tako neizogibno zraven zajemamo tudi šum, poleg tega pa so v okolici prisotne motnje zaradi napajalnih vodov. Človeško telo se obnaša kot nekakšna antena. Problem zajema takih signalov je v tem, da potrebujemo način zajema, ki bo zmožen vse te motnje v največji možni meri izločiti. Ta ista metoda pa mora hkrati tudi ojačiti koristen signal. Elektrode, ki so prilepljene na kožo imajo različno dober kontakt s kožo, kar predstavlja še dodatno težavo. Za namen prikaza dovolj dobrega EKG signala sem izdelal vezje, ki opravlja funkcijo izločanja motenj, ojačenja šibkih, koristnih signalov in kompenzacijo različne prevodnosti med kožo ter elektrodo. To vezje uporablja instrumentacijski ojačevalnik kot predojačevalnik. Ta je zmožen ojačiti diferencialne signala, sofazne signale pa slabi. Rezultat tega je zelo dobro izločanje motenj, ki se pojavljajo kot sofazna napetost. Vezje za RLD z uporabo elektrode na desni nogi vsiljuje potencial ter s tem kompenzira lezenja (angl. drift) izhodne napetosti zaradi različno dobrega kontakta elektrod. Med razvojem vezja sem izdelal preprost generator EKG signala, s katerim sem vezje na koncu preizkusil. Tako sem imel znan ter definiran signal. Lahko sem izmeril signal na različnih stopnjah ter tako preveril, da vezje pravilno deluje. Generator je narejen v Matlabu, za generiranje vzorcev pa skrbi Red Pitaya. Zajem signala prav tako poteka s pomočjo Matlaba ter Red Pitaye napetost prilagodi druga ojačevalna stopnja. Zajeti vzorci se matematično obdelajo z uporabo digitalnega filtriranja, kar sem prikazal na koncu diplomske naloge. Ugotovil sem, da je z uporabo dokaj preprostega vezja možno zajeti EKG signal, vsaj v domeni eksperimentiranja. Za dosego dobrega filtriranja pa je potrebno kar nekaj poizkušanja, da dosežemo dovolj kvaliteten signal. In the following diploma thesis of the professional study programme I introduced the making of a circuit for one channel ECG signal acquisition using Red Pitaya system. Amplitudes of the signals, we acquire on the surface of the skin using electrodes are very small (millivolt scale). Inevitably we acquire noise as well furthermore there are all kinds of disturbances, caused by power lines. Human body acts like an antenna. Problem of acquiring signals like that is that we need an acquiring method which will be able to remove those disturbances in the largest possible degree. That same method must amplify the useful signal at the same time. Electrodes which are stuck to the body have divergently good contact with the skin, which poses additional problem. For purpose of displaying a good enough ECG signal I developed a circuit, which does the function of removing disturbances, amplifies weak, useful signal and compensates for divergent contacts between the skin and the electrode. This circuit uses instrumentation amplifier as a preamplifier. It is able to amplify differential signals and attenuate common-mode signals. The result is very good elimination of disturbances that appear as common-mode voltage. RLD circuit enforces potential to the right leg using an electrode thus compensating the drift of output voltage. During the circuit development I made a simple ECG signal generator which was used to test the circuit. Thus I had a known and defined signal. I could measure signal at different stages to check if it operated correctly. The generator is programmed in Matlab and Red Pitaya is used to generate samples. Matlab and Red Pitaya are also used for signal acquisition voltage is adjusted by the second amplification stage. Acquired samples are mathematically processed using digital filtering which I showed at the end of this thesis. I found out that it is possible to acquire ECG signal using simple circuit, at least for experimentation purposes. But a lot of attempts are needed to achieve a good enough filtering and a quality signal.

Uporabniki programirljivih inštrumentov želijo čim hitreje in enostavneje povezati inštrument z računalnikom. Če ti za kontrolo inštrumenta uporabljajo program LabVIEW, lahko uporabijo gonilnik za njihov inštrument. V diplomski nalogi je opisan razvoj LabVIEW-gonilnikov za inštrument Red Pitaya. Opisano je tudi delovanje omenjenega inštrumenta ter katere funkcije se upravljajo z ukazi SCPI, ki omogočajo kontrolo inštrumenta z LabVIEW-aplikacijami. Namen omenjenega gonilnika je olajšati in pospešiti sestavljanje blokovnih diagramov v programu LabVIEW za kontrolo inštrumenta Red Pitaya. Glede na funkcionalne zahteve, katerim morajo gonilniki ustrezati, se lotimo se razvoja funkcionalne in intuitivne zbirke LabVIEW-datotek, ki morajo zadostovati funkcionalnim zahtevam standardnih LabVIEW-gonilnikov. Najprej so opisani LabVIEW-gonilniki ter postopek njihovega razvoja. V tem je predstavljeno načrtovanje konceptnih VI blokov za inštrument Red Pitaya, ki nam bodo kasneje pomagali pri odločitvi strukture omenjenih blokov. Proces razvoja vključuje razvoj knjižnice VI blokov in komunikacije med računalnikom in inštrumentom ter se zaključi z gradnjo javne datoteke. Rezultat razvoja je knjižnica LabVIEW-blokov, kateri omogočajo enostavnejšo povezljivost z Red Pitaya ploščo ter lažjo uporabo komand za kontrolo omenjene plošče. Ko te bloke združimo v en projekt s smiselnimi povezavami med njimi, jim rečemo LabVIEW Instrument Driver. Users of programming instruments want to connect their instrument to a PC as fast and as easy as possible. In LabVIEW they can use an instrument driver. In the batchelor's thesis is described a development of LabVIEW instrument driver for Red Pitaya. Described is also an operation of the instrument and which functions are used to control Red Pitaya with SCPI commands. The main purpose of the driver is to make the application programming with the instrument easire and faster. We start with a development of functional and intuitive library of VI-s considering the functional requirements of standard LabVIEW drivers. At first we describe drivers and their development process. In the process we present a planning of concept VI blocks fort he instrument. The process of development includes a development of VI library and a communication between a personal computer and Red Pitaya. It finishes with a build of public file. The resoult of the development is a library of LabVIEW blocks, enabling easier connectivity with a Red Pitaya board and an easier use of commands controlling the board. All developed VI blocks united in one project are called LabVIEW Instrument driver.

The multi format test signal generator mentioned in this paper is the video signal generator named TG8000 produced by Tektronix Company. I will introduce the function about remote control for signal generator, how to connect the computer to the instrument, and how to remote control. My topic uses my computer to connect the instrument through the 10/100/1000 BASE-T port on the rear panel of TG8000. Then I write program to transmit SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments) to control TG8000. The application is running on the Windows operating system, the programming language is C#, development environment is Microsoft Visual Studio 2010, using the TCP/IP protocol based on Socket. And the method of remote control refers to the application called TGSetup which is developed by Tektronix Company. This paper includes a brief summary of the basic principle, and introduce for details about the process of remote control software development, and how to use my software. In the end, I will talk about the advantages of my software compared with another one.

Diplomska naloga opisuje zasnovo, razvoj in izdelavo testne naprave za preizkušanje vgrajenih sistemov za zajemanje podatkov. Naprava bo uporabljena v večjem avtomatiziranem testnem sistemu, ki na eni strani generira referenčne vrednosti s testno napravo, na drugi pa te vrednosti meri z napravo, ki je testirana, in primerja izmerjeno vrednost z referenco, da ugotovi, ali je meritev znotraj toleranc. Z obzirom na tehnične specifikacije in zahteve testnega sistema se lotimo zasnove testne naprave, ki naj bi v prvi vrsti nastopila kot izboljšava že obstoječe rešitve. Zasnova testne naprave obsega analizo že obstoječih rešitev in predlog izboljšave podprt s teoretičnimi predpostavkami in ugotovitvami. Zastavimo koncept celostne rešitve problema testiranja vgradnih sistemov za zajemanje podatkov po principu PXI sistemov, v okviru diplomske naloge pa tudi razvijemo in izgradimo integralni del testnega sistema, modul funkcijskega generatorja. This thesis describes the design, developement and production of a device for testing different embedded data aquisition systems. This device will be a part of a larger automated testing system, that uses generated values as a reference to test a specific data acquisition device and notifies the user when a specific test case falls out of tolerance. With respect to the technical specification and requests from the existing testing system we start with the planning and designing a device that should firstly improve the existing solutions. The design of such a device is composed of analisys of already known solutions and suggestions on how to improve them, supported with theoretical assumptions. First we set up a larger concept of a device that could provide an overall solution for automated testing of embedded data acquisition systems similar to a PXI (PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation) system, but we focus only on a smaller part of this task – the signal generation module.

The paper describes software for remote control and measuring with new Graphical User Interface for Rohde & Schwarz instruments. Software allows remote control through Ethernet and supports basic and advanced functions for control various type of instruments like network and spectrum analyzers, power meters, signal generators and oscilloscopes. Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI) and Virtual Instrument Software Architecture (VISA) are used for remote control and setup of instruments. Developed software is modular with user friendly graphic user interface for each instrument with automatic identification of instruments., {"references":["Pieper, J. M. Automatic Measurement Control: A tutorial on SCPI and\nIEEE 488.2. München: Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG, 2007.\nISBN 3939837024.","IEEE Standard Codes, Formats, Protocols, and Common Commands. for\nUse With ANSI/IEEE Std 488.1-1987 IEEE Standard Digital Interface\nfor Programmable Instrumentation, ANSI/IEEE Std 488.2-1987, 1988.","National Instruments VISA. (online). 2013. Available:\nhttp://www.ni.com/visa/.","Rohde & Schwarz. How to Use Rohde & Schwarz Instruments in\nMATLAB: Application Note (PDF). 2012. Available: http://www.rohdeschwarz.\ncz/cz/service_and_support/downloads/Application_Notes/?quer\ny=1MA171.","Instrument Control Toolbox. (online). 2013. Available:\nhttp://www.mathworks.com/products/instrument/.","Rohde & Schwarz. Instrument drivers. (online). 2013. Available:\nhttp://www.rohde-schwarz.com/en/driver/instrument-drivers/instrumentdrivers_\n113817.html.","Rohde & Schwarz. Products. (online). 2013. Available:\nhttp://www.rohde-schwarz.com."]}

A water tank system with control electronics was developed at Rubico AB in Luleå during the summer of 2011. This second order automation control system consists, in short, of two water tanks with individual level sensors, a pump and a tap valve. Today students use the system in laboratory practical as part of an elementary course in automation control at Luleå University of Technology.Reading sensors and controlling the pump in the existing system is done with an external DAC-card coupled with the tank process and a personal computer. Signals between the card and the tank process are analog voltages. Automation control is achieved using RegSim which is a piece of software running on the PC. In order to eliminate the expensive DAC-card and to be able to control the system with MATLAB instead of RegSim, Rubico AB has determined that a digital interface is also desired.The hardware platform, which is pre-determined by Rubico AB, is based on the NXP LPC11U14 microcontroller. This platform specifies that communication between the tank process and PC is USB. On top of that, the platform also states that the existing analog interface should remain.This thesis is devoted to examine which USB class is best suited for the task, and, to implement USB software in the existing system. The thesis also attend to discrete time PID-control for the tank process via MATLAB and a graphical user interface.The result of the investigation is that the software standards VISA and SCPI are suitable to use in conjunction with USB-devices of the Test and Measurement Class (USBTMC). A brief explanation of the standards are included in the report. The thesis also states why these standards were chosen and how they were implemented or used. Validerat; 20130410 (global_studentproject_submitter)

Background: Sterol is a very vital compound for most of the insects and mosquitoes to complete their life cycle. Unfortunately mosquitoes cannot synthesize the sterol, it depends on mammals for the same. Mosquitoes take the sterol from the plant decays during their larval stage in the form of phytosterol, which is then converted to cholesterol for further growth and reproduction. This conversion occurs with the help of the sterol carrier protein 2(SCP2). Methods: Mosquito populations are controlled by plant-based inhibitors, which inhibit sterol carrier protein (SCPI-Sterol carrier protein inhibitor) activity. In this article, we explain the methods of inhibiting Aedes aegypti SCP2 by insilico methods including natural inhibitor selection and filtrations by virtual screening and interaction studies. Results: In this study protein-ligand interactions were carried out with various phytochemicals, as a result of virtual screening Alpha-mangostin and Panthenol were found to be good analogs, and were allowed to dock with the mosquito cholesterol carrier protein AeSCP-2. Conclusion: Computational selections of SCPIs are highly reliable and novel methods for discovering new and more effective compounds to control mosquitoes.