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The article provides an overview of the ASCPT Annual Meeting, emphasizing its significance as a platform for networking and knowledge sharing in clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. It informs library patrons that registration rates for the 2025 Annual Meeting will remain the same as the previous year. The article encourages readers to renew their ASCPT membership, highlighting the benefits such as access to webinars, premier journals, and savings on publication costs and conference registration. It also mentions the opportunity to submit late-breaking or encore abstracts for the 2025 Annual Meeting. The article announces the search for a new Editor-in-Chief for the journal Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics and invites interested individuals to apply. It further discusses various initiatives supported by ASCPT, including scientific awards, the Student/Trainee Initiative, and the Low-to-Middle-Income Country Travel Grant, and encourages donations to these causes. The article introduces the upcoming virtual event, Network and Community Experience (NCE) 2024, organized by ASCPT, which will showcase the scientific innovation and collaboration of their 25 Networks and Communities. The event will feature educational sessions and networking opportunities, providing a chance to learn about cutting-edge research and engage in conversations with colleagues. Lastly, the article includes profiles of ASCPT members, highlighting their experiences and achievements in their respective fields. [Extracted from the article]

The East African Society of Physiological Sciences (EASPS) identified many problems associated with the practice and impact of physiology training and graduates within the region. The EASPS, in conjunction with the African Association of Physiological Sciences (AAPS), resolved to tackle those identified problems in the region by organizing a regional conference in Tanzania between November 29, 2023, and December 1, 2023. The conference was successful with remarkable achievements, including production of Physiology Curriculum for African Universities (PhysioCAFUN); launching of the International Union of Physiological Sciences (IUPS) African Physiology Mentoring Program; educational workshops on physiology teaching and skills acquisition; plenary sessions on various inspiring scientific topics for advancement of research capacities and current trends in physiological sciences; presentation of abstracts by authors and publishing of the abstracts as edited conference proceedings in the Journal of African Association of Physiological Sciences; presentation of awards to the top 10 abstracts and 7 other key Local Organizing Committee members and partners; first annual general meeting of the EASPS members; networking of participants within and beyond Africa; and recognition of the formation processes of national physiological societies in Rwanda, Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania. NEW & NOTEWORTHY: The joint East African Society of Physiological Sciences (EASPS)-African Association of Physiological Sciences (AAPS) conference in Tanzania was a successful event where we launched the Physiology Curriculum for African Universities (PhysioCAFUN) and the International Union of Physiological Sciences (IUPS) Physiology Mentoring Program in Africa. We also organized educational workshops on physiology functional tests that equipped participants with practical skills. Authors presented their peer-reviewed abstracts, which have now been published in the Journal of African Association of Physiological Sciences. Participants attended from 24 countries across Africa, Europe, Asia, and United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurosurgery is one of the most competitive specialties, and navigating the match process is often challenging for aspiring applicants. Here, we analyze insights from the National Resident Matching Program Director Surveys, illustrating evolving trends in applicant selection for interviews and for the ranking process, and providing a comparison with other specialties. We evaluated 7 surveys administered from 2012 to 2022. Six biennial surveys reported on factors influencing interview and ranking processes, while all 7 surveys included data about the program director (PD)'s attitude toward United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) test scores. The response rate of PDs decreased over the years. The most cited factor for interviews included specialty-specific recommendation letters (95%), USMLE Step 1 scores (91%), and interest in research (78%). A recent decline in emphasis on USMLE Step 1 scores coincided with a growing reliance on USMLE Step 2 scores. Award in basic science held significant esteem to a subset of programs. Personal characteristics dominated for ranking, with faculty interaction (89%), interpersonal skills (89%), and house staff interaction (85%) being the most important. Yet, PDs reported a difficulty in assessing interpersonal skills through virtual interviews. Our analysis revealed the pervasive importance of specialized endorsements and academic achievements when screening applicants for the interview process. A shift in emphasis toward the USMLE Step 2 became apparent. Personal characteristics, on the other hand, seemed crucial to make a match and rank high among the pool of interviewed applicants. We uncovered difficulties in assessing these characteristics through virtual interviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the recognition of exceptional members of AsMA.

Firms adopt randomized experiments to evaluate various interventions (e.g., website design, creative content, and pricing). However, most randomized experiments are designed to identify the impact of one specific intervention. The literature on randomized experiments lacks a holistic approach to optimize a sequence of interventions along the customer journey. Specifically, locally optimal interventions unveiled by randomized experiments might be globally suboptimal when considering their interdependence as well as the long-term rewards. Fortunately, the accumulation of a large number of historical experiments creates exogenous interventions at different stages along the customer journey and provides a new opportunity. This study integrates multiple experiments within the reinforcement learning (RL) framework to tackle the questions that cannot be answered by stand-alone randomized experiments. How can we learn optimal policy with a sequence of interventions along the customer journey based on an ensemble of historical experiments? Additionally, how can we learn from multiple historical experiments to guide future intervention trials? We propose a Bayesian recurrent Q-network model that leverages the exogenous interventions from multiple experiments to learn their effectiveness at different stages of the customer journey and optimize them for long-term rewards. Beyond optimization within the existing interventions, the Bayesian model also estimates the distribution of rewards, which can guide subject allocation in the design of future experiments to optimally balance exploration and exploitation. In summary, the proposed model creates a two-way complementarity between RL and randomized experiments, and thus, it provides a holistic approach to learning and optimizing interventions along the customer journey. This paper was accepted by Anindya Ghose, information systems. Funding: This work was supported by Adobe Faculty Research Award and the Marketing Science Institute Research Grant. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4914. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Awards can propel academic careers. They also reflect the culture and values of the scientific community. But do awards incentivize greater transparency, inclusivity, and openness in science? Our cross-disciplinary survey of 222 awards for the "best" journal articles across all 27 SCImago subject areas revealed that journals and learned societies administering such awards generally publish little detail on their procedures and criteria. Award descriptions were brief, rarely including contact details or information on the nominations pool. Nominations of underrepresented groups were not explicitly encouraged, and concepts that align with Open Science were almost absent from the assessment criteria. At the same time, 10% of awards, especially the recently established ones, tended to use article-level impact metrics. USA-affiliated researchers dominated the winner's pool (48%), while researchers from the Global South were uncommon (11%). Sixty-one percent of individual winners were men. Overall, Best Paper awards miss the global calls for greater transparency and equitable access to academic recognition. We provide concrete and implementable recommendations for scientific awards to improve the scientific recognition system and incentives for better scientific practice. Research awards are an integral part of the universal "prestige economy" in science, but do they incentivize greater transparency, inclusivity, and openness? This study uses cross-disciplinary data to explore the level of transparency of publicly available award descriptions and assessment criteria, asking whether such awards contribute to or propagate existing reproducibility crises and inequities in science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ENDO 2024 World Congress, organized by the World Endoscopy Organization (WEO) and the International Digestive Endoscopy Network (IDEN), will be held in Seoul, Korea from July 4-6, 2024. The conference will feature live demonstrations, hands-on stations, scientific symposia, educational courses, and special attention to the topics of Women in Endoscopy and International Outreach. The goal of the conference is to promote safe and high-quality endoscopic medicine worldwide and support the next generation of endoscopists. The text also mentions honorary lectures and abstract awards that will be presented at the congress. The abstract book provides an overview of the presenters and topics, but any updates or changes can be found online after May 15, 2024. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the 2023 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel to Claudia Goldin "for having advanced our understanding of women's labour market outcomes". This paper surveys Goldin's contributions, analysing women's labour force participation from the late 1700s through to the present. To document women's participation in the workforce, Goldin uncovered rich data from varied sources, from government reports and city directories to health surveys and university registration cards. She combined these data with economic theory to identify the factors affecting women's employment and to explore how we might achieve gender equity today. Her work has had an immense influence on how we understand the labour market, household decision‐making, and gender inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document provides various announcements from the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists (AERE). It announces the 2024 Fellows of AERE, including Max Auffhammer, Paul Ferraro, and John Whitehead. It also highlights the winners of the Publication of Enduring Quality Award, the Ralph C. d'Arge and Allen V. Kneese Award for Outstanding Publication, and the Wallace E. Oates Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation Award. The document also mentions upcoming conferences and events organized by AERE, as well as membership options and benefits. Additionally, it provides information about the European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists (EAERE) and its awards program. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences / İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This document is a news and views article from the journal Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. It discusses various awards and opportunities offered by the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (ASCPT). The article highlights awards recognizing outstanding contributions to the field, such as the Oscar B. Hunter Career Award and the Dolores Shockley Diversity and Inclusion in Clinical Research Award. It also mentions the opportunity for library patrons to submit session proposals for the ASCPT 2025 Annual Meeting. Additionally, the article mentions upcoming board nominations and the 2024 Network & Community Experience event. Finally, it provides information about open access fees for articles published in the ASCPT journal family. The document also includes a list of new members who have recently joined ASCPT. [Extracted from the article]

The International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine has announced the winners of the Young Investigator Awards for the 2024 ISMRM & ISMRT Annual Meeting & Exhibition. The I.I. Rabi Award is given for original basic science research in magnetic resonance, the W.S. Moore Award is given for original clinical research in MR, and the Prince-Meaney Translational Science Award is given to the best paper on translational science. The winners and runners-up are from various institutions around the world, including EPFL in Switzerland, Emory University in the USA, and the University of Tokyo in Japan. Their research covers a range of topics, such as improving the detection of metabolites, assessing complex flow patterns in patients, and quantifying perinatal risk stratification. [Extracted from the article]

Srividya Velagapudi, PhD, is a molecular biologist who has been researching aging, cardiovascular disease, and endocrinology for over a decade. Her work on Sirtuin-1 and low-density lipoprotein metabolism earned her the Young Investigator Award in Basic Science in 2023. She is currently a senior researcher at the Center for Molecular Cardiology at the University of Zurich. Dr. Velagapudi's interest in science began at a young age in India and was nurtured by her mother and teachers. She values collaboration with clinicians and aims to create a working environment that balances basic research with clinical perspectives. Her award-winning project focused on how Sirtuin-1 inactivates proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and its potential therapeutic implications. Dr. Velagapudi continues her research and teaching, emphasizing the importance of perseverance and collaboration in basic science. [Extracted from the article]

Low-dimensional structure of data can solve the adversarial robustness-accuracy conflict for machine learning systems. Modern machine learning systems have demonstrated breakthrough performance in a multitude of applications. However, they are known to be highly vulnerable to small perturbations to the input data, known as adversarial attacks. There are many well-documented examples of such behavior, for example small perturbations of an image, which is imperceptible to a human, can significantly degrade performance of modern classifiers. Adversarial training has been put forward as a way to improve robustness of learning algorithms to adversarial attacks. However, this benefit often comes at the cost of decreasing accuracy on natural unperturbed inputs, pointing to a potential conflict between adversarial robustness and standard accuracy. In "Adversarial robustness for latent models: Revisiting the robust-standard accuracies tradeoff," Adel Javanmard and Mohammad Mehrabi develop a theory to show that when the data enjoys low-dimensional structure, then it is possible to train models that are nearly optimal with respect to both, the standard and robust accuracies. Over the past few years, several adversarial training methods have been proposed to improve the robustness of machine learning models against adversarial perturbations in the input. Despite remarkable progress in this regard, adversarial training is often observed to drop the standard test accuracy. This phenomenon has intrigued the research community to investigate the potential tradeoff between standard accuracy (a.k.a generalization) and robust accuracy (a.k.a robust generalization) as two performance measures. In this paper, we revisit this tradeoff for latent models and argue that this tradeoff is mitigated when the data enjoys a low-dimensional structure. In particular, we consider binary classification under two data generative models, namely Gaussian mixture model and generalized linear model, where the features data lie on a low-dimensional manifold. We develop a theory to show that the low-dimensional manifold structure allows one to obtain models that are nearly optimal with respect to both, the standard accuracy and the robust accuracy measures. We further corroborate our theory with several numerical experiments, including Mixture of Factor Analyzers (MFA) model trained on the MNIST data set. Funding: A. Javanmard was partially supported by the Sloan Research Fellowship in mathematics, an Adobe Data Science Faculty Research Award, the National Science Foundation Career Award DMS-1844481, and the National Science Foundation Award 2311024. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2022.0162. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides information about the ASCPT 2024 Annual Meeting and encourages attendees to complete the event evaluation. It also promotes the ASCPT Podcast Channel, which offers more insights into articles published in the ASCPT Journal Family. The article announces Dr. David J. Greenblatt as the recipient of the ASCPT-FDA William Abrams Award Lecture in May 2024. It calls for proposals for the content of the ASCPT 2025 Annual Meeting, with a focus on patient-centric clinical pharmacology. The article also highlights the opportunity to nominate colleagues for ASCPT Scientific Awards and encourages library patrons to get involved with ASCPT through volunteer activities. Lastly, it mentions the benefits of digital-only access to the Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics journal. Additionally, the document features short profiles of new members of ASCPT, showcasing their diverse backgrounds and experiences in pharmacology and therapeutics. [Extracted from the article]

This article provides an in-depth exploration of scientific recognition and awards in North America, specifically focusing on the Nobel Prize. It discusses the significance of awards in assessing researchers' accomplishments and prestige, as well as the increasing number of prizes in the sciences and medicine. The article emphasizes the need for more studies on Nobel laureates in North America and highlights the role of networks and factors such as geography, credit, institutional contexts, and gender in determining the chances of receiving the Nobel Prize. It also examines the impact of forced migration on scientific research and the importance of gender in scientific performance and recognition. The article includes the findings of a survey conducted among McGill physicians and medical researchers regarding their attitudes towards scientific prizes. [Extracted from the article]

The article announces new members of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chemistry 2023) which includes Junbiao Chang, Chunying Chen, and Huisheng Peng.

BACKGROUND. Weakly virulent environmental mycobacteria (EM) can cause severe disease in HLA-DRB1*15:02 or 16:02 adults harboring neutralizing anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies (nAIGAs). The overall prevalence of nAIGAs in the general population is unknown, as are the penetrance of nAIGAs in HLA-DRB1*15:02 or 16:02 individuals and the proportion of patients with unexplained, adult-onset EM infections carrying nAIGAs. METHODS. This study analyzed the detection and neutralization of anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies (auto-Abs) from 8,430 healthy individuals of the general population, 257 HLA-DRB1*15:02 or 16:02 carriers, 1,063 patients with autoimmune disease, and 497 patients with unexplained severe disease due to EM. RESULTS. We found that anti-IFN-γ auto-Abs detected in 4,148 of 8,430 healthy individuals (49.2%) from the general population of an unknown HLA-DRB1 genotype were not neutralizing. Moreover, we did not find nAIGAs in 257 individuals carrying HLA-DRB1* 15:02 or 16:02. Additionally, nAIGAs were absent in 1,063 patients with an autoimmune disease. Finally, 7 of 497 patients (1.4%) with unexplained severe disease due to EM harbored nAIGAs. CONCLUSION. These findings suggest that nAIGAs are isolated and that their penetrance in HLA-DRB1*15:02 or 16:02 individuals is low, implying that they may be triggered by rare germline or somatic variants. In contrast, the risk of mycobacterial disease in patients with nAIGAs is high, confirming that these nAIGAs are the cause of EM disease. FUNDING. The Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases is supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the Rockefeller University, the St. Giles Foundation, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (R01AI095983 and U19AIN1625568), the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), the NIH Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) program (UL1 TR001866), the French National Research Agency (ANR) under the "Investments for the Future" program (ANR-10-IAHU-01), the Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), ANR-GENMSMD (ANR-16-CE17-0005-01), ANR-MAFMACRO (ANR-22-CE92-0008), ANRSECTZ170784, the French Foundation for Medical Research (FRM) (EQU201903007798), the ANRS-COV05, ANR GENVIR (ANR-20-CE93-003), and ANR AI2D (ANR-22-CE15-0046) projects, the ANR-RHU program (ANR-21-RHUS-08-COVIFERON), the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 824110 (EASI-genomics), the Square Foundation, Grandir - Fonds de solidarité pour l'enfance, the Fondation du Souffle, the SCOR Corporate Foundation for Science, the Battersea & Bowery Advisory Group, William E. Ford, General Atlantic's Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Gabriel Caillaux, General Atlantic's Co-President, Managing Director, and Head of business in EMEA, and the General Atlantic Foundation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) and of Paris Cité University. JR was supported by the INSERM PhD program for doctors of pharmacy (poste d'accueil INSERM). JR and TLV were supported by the Bettencourt-Schueller Foundation and the MD-PhD program of the Imagine Institute. MO was supported by the David Rockefeller Graduate Program, the Funai Foundation for Information Technology (FFIT), the Honjo International Scholarship Foundation (HISF), and the New York Hideyo Noguchi Memorial Society (HNMS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis, processing, and secretion of insulin by the pancreatic b-cell is key for the maintenance of systemic metabolic homeostasis, and loss or dysfunction of b-cells underlies the development of both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Work in the Evans-Molina laboratory over the past 15 years has pioneered the idea that regulation of calcium dynamics is critical to b-cell biology and diabetes pathophysiology. In this article, I will share three vignettes from the laboratory that demonstrate our bench-to-bedside approach to determining mechanisms of b-cell stress that could improve therapeutic options and outcomes for individuals living with diabetes. The first of these vignettes will illustrate a role for the sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) pump in the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium, protein trafficking, and proinsulin processing within the b-cell. The second vignette will highlight how alterations in b-cell calcium signaling intersect with T1D pathogenesis. The final vignette will demonstrate how activation of b-cell stress pathways may serve as an anchor to inform biomarker strategies in T1D. Lastly, Iwill sharemy vision for the future of diabetes care, where multiple biomarkers of b-cell stressmay be combined with additional immune andmetabolic biomarkers to better predict disease risk and improve therapies to prevent or delay T1Ddevelopment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a newsletter from the journal "Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics" that provides information about the ASCPT 2024 Annual Meeting and invites attendees to provide feedback. It also announces the upcoming ASCPT 2025 Call for Awards, which recognizes outstanding individuals and teams in the field of clinical pharmacology and translational science. It highlights the importance of supporting the next generation of clinical pharmacologists and translational scientists through donations to the Student/Trainee Initiative Fund. The newsletter concludes with profiles of three ASCPT members and their professional accomplishments and inspirations. [Extracted from the article]

This paper argues that social networks do not always produce monolithically beneficial impacts on performance (e.g., high productivity). This is to say that their influence is not always predictable and advantageous, as that influence is conditioned by status and context. Even performance in places of science such as research universities is not exempt from this contingent nature of network effects. Inspired by the work of DiMaggio and Garip (2012) and focused on the professional networks of academic scientists, this paper posits that the influence of such networks on performance (i.e., journal productivity, receipt of science awards) can either be attenuated, muted, or strengthened by professional status (e.g., academic rank) and social context. To gauge the tenability of this claim, quality data from a face-to-face quantitative survey of 105 chemical science professors in top research universities in three East Asian countries were analyzed. The analysis focused on two aspects of professional networks (i.e., having international ties and having ties in non-academic sectors), which have gained salience because of the globalization of science, the prevalence of digital technologies, and the advent of Triple Helix science. To explore how status and context condition networks affect performance, generalized linear regression analyses were performed. Results indicate that networks influence performance mainly through their interplay with status and context. Results also suggest that to understand the influence of networks on performance—even within scientific systems—its interplay with status and context is important to consider. Such consideration aids in generating deeper insights about the social conditions underlying creativity, discovery, and productivity in scientific life, which in turn can lead to fine-tuning concepts and relationships and advance understanding of science as a social activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Progress has been made in the community of photogrammetry and 3d computer vision in addressing the mathematical challenge posed by the collinearity equation. We introduce a new method for establishing the coordinate reference for 2d pixels and 3d landmarks using 'angular coordinates'. The mathematical relationships required for converting 3d landmarks, expressed in angular coordinates, to the camera framework are presented. The landmarks are then projected using perspective projection to obtain 2d pixels represented in angular coordinates. This framework is formally nominated as the 'Polar-vision1', which has been developed and integrated into the commercial software G3D-Cluster. Its application to pinhole camera image processing has demonstrated superior efficiency and admission rates of tie points, as well as reconstruction detail capabilities, compared to OpenMVG, achieving approximately a 1.4× improvement. The project 'Key Technologies and Tool System for Realistic 3D Modeling through Integration of Multi-Source Information in the Space-Air-Ground Domain' was awarded First Prize at the 2023 Surveying Science and Technology Awards, with Polar-vision1 as one of the innovative points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the winners of the 2024 Frechette Awards, which recognize new investigators in prosthodontics. The winners were Dr. Quang Van Nguyen for his research on enhancing bone regeneration and Dr. Edoardo Mancuso for his research on the effects of preparation designs on overlay restorations. The article also mentions the 2024 Neal Garrett Award, which was awarded to Dr. Gilan Youssef Altonbary for her research on CAD/CAM PEEK versus PMMA implant-overdenture. The article encourages researchers to apply for future awards and provides information on eligibility criteria and submission requirements. [Extracted from the article]

This document discusses the key concepts of translational research in the field of ophthalmology. Translational research aims to bridge the gap between existing knowledge and medical practice, with the goal of benefiting patients. It involves the transfer of diagnostic and therapeutic advances from the laboratory to clinical practice. The document explores the stakeholders of translational research, the scope of translational medicine, the components of translational research, barriers to its success, and future directions. It emphasizes the importance of collaboration and communication among different stakeholders to promote effective translational research. [Extracted from the article]

This article is a special issue of the Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion dedicated to honoring the late Professor Thaddeus B. "Ted" Massalski, who passed away in December 2022 at the age of 96. Professor Massalski made significant contributions to the field of materials science, particularly in alloy phase stability, phase transformations, phase diagrams, and thermodynamics. He also received numerous awards and honors throughout his career. This special issue includes a variety of articles that showcase the broad impact of Professor Massalski's research in the field of materials science. [Extracted from the article]

In this paper, we consider a personalized assortment planning problem under inventory constraints, where each arriving customer type is defined by a primary item of interest. As long as that item is in stock, the customer adds it to the shopping cart, at which point the retailer can recommend to the customer an assortment of add-ons to go along with the primary item. This problem is motivated by the new "recommendation at checkout" systems that have been deployed at many online retailers, and it also serves as a framework that unifies many existing problems in online algorithms (e.g., personalized assortment planning, single-leg booking, and online matching with stochastic rewards). In our problem, add-on recommendation opportunities are eluded when primary items go out of stock, which poses additional challenges for the development of an online policy. We overcome these challenges by introducing the notion of an inventory protection level in expectation and derive an algorithm with a 1/4-competitive ratio guarantee under adversarial arrivals. Funding: This work was supported by the Adobe Data Science Research Award and the Alibaba Innovation Research Award. L. Xin was partly supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) [Award CMMI-1635160], X. Chen was supported by the NSF [CAREER Award IIS-1845444]. W. Ma and D. Simchi-Levi were supported by the Accenture and MIT Alliance in Business Analytics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Implementation of research findings in clinical practice often is not realized or only partially achieved, and if so, with a significant delay. Learning health systems (LHSs) hold promise to overcome this problem by embedding clinical research and evidence‐based best practices into care delivery, enabling innovation and continuous improvement. Implementing an LHS is a complex process that requires participation and resources of a wide range of stakeholders, including healthcare leaders, clinical providers, patients and families, payers, and researchers. Engaging these stakeholders requires communicating clear, tangible value propositions. Existing models identify broad categories of benefits but do not explicate the full range of benefits or ways they can manifest in different organizations. Methods: To develop such a framework, a working group with representatives from six Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) hubs reviewed existing literature on LHS characteristics, models, and goals; solicited expert input; and applied the framework to their local LHS experiences. Results: The Framework of LHS Benefits includes six categories of benefits (quality, safety, equity, patient satisfaction, reputation, and value) relevant for a range of stakeholders and defines key concepts within each benefit. Applying the framework to five LHS case examples indicated preliminary face validity across varied LHS approaches and revealed three dimensions in which the framework is relevant: defining goals of individual LHS projects, facilitating collaboration based on shared values, and establishing guiding tenets of an LHS program or mission. Conclusion: The framework can be used to communicate the value of an LHS to different stakeholders across varied contexts and purposes, and to identify future organizational priorities. Further validation will contribute to the framework's evolution and support its potential to inform the development of tools to evaluate LHS impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Institutes of Health (NIH)'s Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) consortium aims to accelerate translational processes that move discoveries from bench to bedside. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic presented unmatched challenges and applications for CTSA hubs nationwide. Our study used bibliometrics to assess features of COVID‐19 publications supported by the national CTSA program to characterize the consortium's response to the pandemic. Our goal was to understand relative scientific influence, collaboration across hubs, and trends in research emphasis over time. We identified publications from NIH's curated iSearch COVID‐19 Publication Portfolio from February 2020 to February 2023; 3234 peer‐reviewed articles relevant to COVID‐19 cited a CTSA grant. All 66 CTSA hubs were represented, with large‐size and longstanding hubs contributing more publications. Most publications cited UL1 grants, 457 cited KL2/TL1 training grants, and 164 cited multiple hub grants. Compared to a random sample of non‐CTSA‐supported COVID‐19 publications, the CTSA portfolio exhibited greater clinical relevance, more human research, and higher altmetric and citation influence. Results were similar for multi‐hub publications involving networked initiatives like multi‐site clinical trials or the National COVID‐19 Cohort Collaborative. Shifts from molecular/cellular‐oriented research toward human‐oriented research over time were evident, demonstrating translation in action. Results illuminate how the CTSA consortium confronted the pandemic through high‐quality projects oriented toward human research, working across hubs on high‐value collaborations, advancing along the translational spectrum over time. Findings validate CTSA hubs as critical support structures during health emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sugarcane plays a crucial role in the agricultural economy and people's livelihoods, and the seed industry is the key to maintaining a stable sugar supply. In China, sugarcane varieties have witnessed five rounds of improvement and renewal, which significantly drive the development of the sugar industry. Among the fifth-generation sugarcane varieties, LC05-136 was developed by Liucheng Sugarcane Research Units (LC-SRU), with reference to ROC22, and was tailored to suit the specific conditions of the region. This variety, which emerged as a flagship, is known for several significant advantages, including high yield, high sugar, high tolerance to drought and cold stress, strong ratooning ability, and wide adaptability. Up to 2023, LC05-136 has been accumulatively cultivated across more than 1.67 million hectares in China. We can reasonably deduce that in sugarcane breeding, the selection of 'marshals' with a well-balanced combination of desirable traits is far superior to 'generals' that excel in only one favorable trait. As it truly deserves, in 2022, the breeding and promotion of LC05-136 won the first prize in the Science and Technology Awards issued by the People's Government of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies a central issue in modern reinforcement learning, the sample efficiency, and makes progress toward solving an idealistic scenario that assumes access to a generative model or a simulator. Despite a large number of prior works tackling this problem, a complete picture of the trade-offs between sample complexity and statistical accuracy has yet to be determined. In particular, all prior results suffer from a severe sample size barrier in the sense that their claimed statistical guarantees hold only when the sample size exceeds some enormous threshold. The current paper overcomes this barrier and fully settles this problem; more specifically, we establish the minimax optimality of the model-based approach for any given target accuracy level. To the best of our knowledge, this work delivers the first minimax-optimal guarantees that accommodate the entire range of sample sizes (beyond which finding a meaningful policy is information theoretically infeasible). This paper is concerned with the sample efficiency of reinforcement learning, assuming access to a generative model (or simulator). We first consider γ-discounted infinite-horizon Markov decision processes (MDPs) with state space S and action space A. Despite a number of prior works tackling this problem, a complete picture of the trade-offs between sample complexity and statistical accuracy has yet to be determined. In particular, all prior results suffer from a severe sample size barrier in the sense that their claimed statistical guarantees hold only when the sample size exceeds at least | S ‖ A | (1 − γ) 2 . The current paper overcomes this barrier by certifying the minimax optimality of two algorithms—a perturbed model-based algorithm and a conservative model-based algorithm—as soon as the sample size exceeds the order of | S ‖ A | 1 − γ (modulo some log factor). Moving beyond infinite-horizon MDPs, we further study time-inhomogeneous finite-horizon MDPs and prove that a plain model-based planning algorithm suffices to achieve minimax-optimal sample complexity given any target accuracy level. To the best of our knowledge, this work delivers the first minimax-optimal guarantees that accommodate the entire range of sample sizes (beyond which finding a meaningful policy is information theoretically infeasible). Funding: Y. Wei is supported in part by the Google Research Scholar Award and the National Science Foundation [Grants CCF-2106778, DMS-2147546, and DMS-2143215]. Y. Chi is supported in part by the Office of Naval Research [Grants N00014-18-1-2142 and N00014-19-1-2404] and the National Science Foundation [Grants CCF-1806154, CCF-2007911, and CCF-2106778]. Y. Chen is supported in part by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation [research fellowship], Google [research scholar award], the Air Force Office of Scientific Research [Grants FA9550-19-1-0030 and FA9550-22-1-0198], the Office of Naval Research [Grant N00014-22-1-2354], and the National Science Foundation [Grants CCF-2221009, CCF-1907661, DMS-2014279, IIS-2218713, and IIS-2218773]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2023.2451. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polish Otorhinolaryngological Review / Polski Przegląd Otorynolaryngologiczny (Index Copernicus) is the property of Index Copernicus International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Colombiana de Psicologia is the property of Universidad Catolica de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

National Science Review invited Prof. Dongyuan Zhao of Fudan University for an interview focusing on his team's renowned research on functional mesoporous materials and energy-related applications. Prof. Zhao is a professor of chemistry and materials science, and a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He received his PhD in chemistry from Jilin University in 1990. He has since focused his research on the synthesis and structure of porous materials and molecular sieves. His team received a first-tier national science award in 2021 for their contribution to the research and development of mesoscopic materials. They discovered a method of synthesizing mesoporous organic polymers and carbonaceous materials using organic-organic self-assembly. This work was published in 2005 and since then it has turned into a vibrant new field of more than 40   000 publications so far. His team has named more than 20 of their inventions after Fudan University: the FDU mesoporous series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a 2010 special report, The Economist magazine termed the resurgence of state-owned, publicly listed enterprises "Leviathan Inc." and criticized the poor governance and low efficiency of these firms. We compile a new comprehensive data set of state ownership of publicly listed firms in 44 countries over the period of 2004–2017 and show that state-owned enterprises are more responsive to environmental issues. The effect is more pronounced in economies lacking energy security and strong environmental regulation, and among firms with more local operations and higher domestic government ownership. We find a similar effect on corporate social engagement but not on governance quality. These results suggest a different role for "Leviathan Inc.," especially in dealing with environmental externalities. This paper was accepted by Colin Mayer, Special Section of Management Science on Business and Climate Change. Funding: H. Liang acknowledges the DBS Sustainability Fellowship from Singapore Management University. P.-H. Hsu acknowledges the fellowship from the Batten Institute of Darden School of Business of the University of Virginia and the financial support from the E.SUN Academic Award and Ministry of Science and Technology and Ministry of Education in Taiwan [Grants MOST108-2410-H-007-099-MY2, MOST109-2628-H-007-001-MY4, MOST109-2634-F-002-045, MOE109J0321Q2, and MOE109L900202]. P. Matos acknowledges financial support from the Richard A. Mayo Center for Asset Management at the University of Virginia's Darden School of Business. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.4064. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text discusses the history and significance of the Gold Cystoscope Award, which is given to young urologists who have made remarkable contributions to the field within 10 years of finishing residency training. The award was first presented in 1977 and is sponsored by the American Cystoscope Makers Inc (ACMI) and the American Urological Association (AUA). The criteria for selection have been modified over the years to include fellowship training and to extend the timeframe for eligibility. The text also mentions the discontinuation of industry funding for AUA awards in 2014 and the creation of a Mid-Career Award. The Gold Cystoscope Award is recognized internationally and has an equivalent award called the EAU Crystal Matula Award. The most recent winner of the Gold Cystoscope Award is Dr. Simpa Salami, who specializes in genomics and biomarkers of cancer. The award comes with an honorarium of $2000 and plays a crucial role in nurturing the careers of young clinician-scientists. [Extracted from the article]

This article is based on the address given by the author at the 2023 meeting of The American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG) in Washington, D.C. A video of the original address can be found at the ASHG website. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To initiate discussion on women in science, we begin with Gerald Edelman's definition: "Science is imagination in the service of the verifiable truth," which underscores "verifiability," truth reached by evidence, as the pathway science charts to Truth. "Verifiability" is named after the Roman Goddess Veritas, the daughter of Cronos and the mother of Virtus, suggesting that mythology viewed science as embodied by a female, embedded in its historical time, and aimed to breed values. We contemplate three perspectives on the topic and discuss their potential risks. The Veracity (Veritas) Perspective holds that science is impartial to the gender, race, political camp, or religious affiliation of its practitioner and from this perspective "women in sciences" is an oxymoron; science is, essentially, genderless. We argue that this perspective is misleading. Becoming a scientist requires education, resources, encouragement, training, role models, time, and funding, and the lack of such provisions banned women from the gates of Truth. The Harsh Reality perspective brings data presenting a grim picture. From 1902 to 2022 only 3.6% of Nobel Prizes in sciences were awarded to women and percentages of women in top academic positions are a third or lower across the US and Europe despite earning about 50% of PhDs in sciences. We contemplate internal and external reasons for this reality. Finally, the Potential Advantage position asks whether women may have unique sensitivities in the road to cumulative knowledge. We base our discussion on 20th century philosophical models that call to move from the metaphysical and abstract to the daily and contextual in the acquisition of knowledge and on research describing the distinct neural pathways to motherhood and fatherhood. We conclude by highlighting our unique historical time and the emergence of novel topics in neuroscience through the work of female and male scientists; interaction synchrony, inter-brain communication, and social and affiliative neuroscience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Research administrators (RA’s) are critical members of the research workforce. For purposes of this article, research administrators are personnel who support the development, compliance, management, and financial oversight of sponsored research. There are currently very few institutional career development and mentoring programs available to research administrators. Recruitment and retention of quality research administrators has been especially challenging across the country in recent years. Methods: In an effort to address this gap in training and to increase recruitment and retention, the integrated Translational Health Research Institute of Virginia (iTHRIV), a collaborative NIH-NCATS funded Clinical Translational Science Award (CTSA) hub, has developed an innovative program of workforce development and mentoring for research administrators. This article provides an overview of one institutional training and development initiative, the Research Administration Program for Training and Resources (RAPTR). RAPTR provides training, resources and mentoring to develop a Community of Practice. Results: The program provides a forum where research administrators can share ideas, practices, and challenges. Discussion: This manuscript describes the benefits and lessons learned from our early experience in this program. We highlight selected components that may be generalizable to other institutions and describe individualized components, which require local policies and processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The past several decades have seen enormous growth in the computing sciences, marked by increased educational and professional opportunities. Noting the implications of these opportunities for individual life chances and for social and economic developments, we explore demographic patterns in terms of varying representation in computing in the United States (U.S.). Using currently available data to delineate the demography of U.S. computing, the analysis points to deeply institutionalized and contextually embedded factors and relationships affecting educational and workforce participation and inclusion. Findings confirm that, despite growth in the number of computer science degrees awarded in the United States, the demographic diversity of degree recipients has been slow to change. Moreover, the U.S. advanced-degreed computing workforce is less diverse than workforce segments with lower educational credential requirements. Such findings are presented not merely relative to questions of numerical representations but also in terms of the sociocultural and institutional processes that determine participation and inclusion in computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current literature lacks clear examples of how to engage with communities in the development of opioid misuse interventions for diverse populations and across various settings. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Helping to End Addiction Long-term® Initiative (HEAL) Prevention Cooperative (HPC) research projects work collaboratively with communities to develop and adapt their opioid misuse interventions to increase both feasibility and sustainability. Ten HPC projects were selected to receive NIH funding and are required to have partnerships with communities where their intervention is being conducted. This paper applies the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)–adapted Public Participation Framework to examine the levels of community engagement used by each of these 10 HPC projects (Clinical and Translational Science Awards Consortium Community Engagement Key Function Committee Task Force on the Principles of Community Engagement, 2015). Using this framework, this paper illustrates the range of community engagement approaches and levels that the HPC projects rely on to develop, adapt, and adopt opioid prevention interventions across diverse populations and settings. This paper also lays a foundation for future examinations of the role of community engagement in intervention implementation and effectiveness and the level of community engagement that is necessary to improve intervention effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]