Search

The research reported here was conducted to follow up on observations of durable adult‐plant resistance to net form net blotch in several Australian varieties of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Over 11 years, isolates of Pyrenophora teres f. teres were collected and used to inoculate barley varieties. The resistance of five varieties (Clipper, Schooner, Sloop SA, Buloke and Scope) endured until the ninth year. To investigate the genetic control of this durable resistance, doubled haploid lines developed from the F1 generation of a cross between Sloop SA and the susceptible variety Fathom were inoculated with an isolate that appeared fully virulent on Fathom and were evaluated for adult plant resistance. Six quantitative trait loci were mapped: three with resistance from Sloop SA and three with resistance from Fathom. Effects were additive across loci and transgressive segregation provided a few lines with better resistance than Sloop SA. Although the resistance investigated here is no longer effective, insights gained from this research could help guide ongoing efforts in resistance breeding and disease control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ooids are abundant carbonate grains throughout much of Earth's history, but their formation is not well understood. Here, an in‐depth study of microbial bioerosion features of Holocene ooids from the Schooner Cays ooid shoals (Great Bahama Bank, Eleuthera, Bahamas) and the Shalil al Ud ooid shoals in the Arabian/Persian Gulf (Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates) is presented. No obvious differences were found in ooid size distribution, cortex layer thickness, the composition of nuclei or euendolithic community when comparing ooids from both locations. Microendolithic borings are present in most studied ooid surfaces, but the intensity of (micro‐)bioerosion varies significantly. Applying an epoxy vacuum cast‐embedding technique allowed the identification of ichnotaxa and their inferred producers (various genera of diatoms, cyanobacteria, coccolithophores and unspecified bacteria). Euendolithic taxa have specific low‐light tolerances and light optima. This implies that information about the relative bathymetry (seafloor versus burial within an ooid shoal) and ecology for ooid cortex formation can be obtained via the presence or absence of their respective ichnotaxa. The history of a statistically significant number of ooid cortices can be translated into dune dynamics and the temporal variations thereof by allocating the inferred index producer to a defined burial or light penetration zone. In this context, ooid formation can be divided into four stages: (i) an agitation stage in the water column, characterized by the colonization of grains by photoautotrophs; (ii) a resting stage, characterized by temporary burial of the ooid, leading to immobilization and a shift towards heterotrophs; (iii) a sleeping stage, characterized by prolonged burial and colonization by organotrophs; and (iv) a reactivation stage, characterized by a resurfacing of the ooid and a subsequent shift towards photoautotrophs. The sleeping stage is presumably a stage of ooid degradation where bioerosion, mainly by heterotrophic fungi and bacteria is particularly active. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bodrum Gulets are worldwide known sailing yachts, for their unique designs and cultural background that they have. In this paper, sail and rigging parameters of Bodrum Gulets with schooner and ketch type riggings are examined and parametric models are developed by using the data collected from 20 Bodrum Gulets with schooner and 27 Bodrum Gulets with ketch rigging configurations. Parametric models are used to compare sailing performances of two different sail and rigging types on Bodrum Gulets. The results show that, for the parametric model that obtained by using the hull form, sail and rigging parameters, the difference between sail area of ketch and schooner configuration is 14%. However, the polar graph shows that the difference between the hull speeds of two rigging configurations is in the range of 1.5–10%. Finally, a design framework for the hull, sail and rigging parameters of Bodrum Gulets is developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How can a Spielberg film exemplify a historiography and impart legal historians and scholars of African studies alike with an innovative perspective? In Steven Spielberg's Amistad, Cinqué's famed exclamation "give us free" reverberated not only into popular culture but also the legal academy. Before the 1990s, legal scholars referenced United States v. Schooner Amistad, if indeed they referenced it at all, in terms of maritime law and property rights, absent an inquiry into the African peoples whose hardships stood at the center of the case. Then came Spielberg's film, which made clear the brutality and unimaginable violence withstood by Cinqué and others taken captive. As a result, American legal scholarship finally began to wrest with issues of race and the role of the United States Supreme Court in upholding slavery and elevate the African peoples to whom the story of Amistad belongs. In analyzing the film as a source of legal history, this review essay will explore the state of legal scholarship on United States v. Schooner Amistad before the 1997 film, drawing attention to earlier scholarly confusion on how to classify the case. It will then challenge legal history's boundaries by analyzing forty-two post-1997 journal articles relating to the film, arguing that scholars at last began to recognize themes of race, forced migration, and enslavement, central to the Amistad case, as a direct result of the film's unique influences on the legal academy. In turn, the yet unexplored intersection of these sources will invite inquiries into whether Amistad was truly an "anti-slavery" case and open space for further scholarship on cases similarly related to transatlantic slavery that never earned the likes of a Spielberg film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815, many Royal Navy warships were laid up before being sold into merchant service or for breaking up. Large numbers of sloops, schooners and cutters had been built for war service between 1803 and 1814, mostly in private shipyards. The versatility of these smaller classes of vessels was evident in their diverse and demanding wartime roles and subsequently in mercantile trading or whaling. One such vessel, the Cruizer -class brig-sloop HMS Pilot (1807), was commissioned in 1808, served until 1816 and, after an extended period in reserve, was sold out of naval service in 1828. As a commercial whaling bark, the Pilot made five voyages in the British Southern Whale Fishery between 1830 and the early 1840s before being condemned in 1845. This article provides a case study of one vessel's career in naval and mercantile service, which was typical of the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes as a case study the disappearance of maritime heritage. Specifically, it focuses on the schooners that dominated river trade along the estuary of the Saint Lawrence River (Quebec) until the 1970s, when they were literally abandoned on the banks. Up until then, the schooners had formed part of the familiar landscape of the river, which was the main transport route in the country, and had been considered the real national fleet of the French Canadians. However, testimonies describe the river trade on schooners as a hard, badly paid, risky job. With the development of land transport, coinciding with the Quiet Revolution, schooners were abruptly abandoned. The enormous wooden ships resting on the bank became part of the landscape of forgetting in one of the leading countries in museology and heritage. As context for the study, the paper examines the concept of maritime heritage and its situation in Quebec. We try to explain the disappearance of this heritage, using as a framework of reference the anthropology of time and an idea explored by several authors in which loss can be considered a factor that gives value to heritage. Starting from the burning in February 2015 of a schooner that was in its time considered a masterpiece of small-scale shipbuilding, this paper reflects on the conservation and destruction of heritage as a way to give existence to time or, according to Castoriadis, to socially establish time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the results of a multiyear project begun in 2015 at the Saintes Bay Wreck site, French West Indies (FWI), funded by the Département des recherches archéologiques subaquatiques et sous-marines (DRASSM, Department of Submarine and Undersea Archaeological Research), Guadeloupe région, of the French Ministry of Culture, and the Direction des patrimoines, de la mémoire et des archives (DMPA, Department of Heritage, Memory and Archives) of the French Ministry of the Army. The wreck is identified as Anémone, a French navy schooner, built in Bayonne, France, in 1823, that sank during the hurricane of 7–8 September 1824. The ship was used as a patrol and customs ship in Guadeloupe to fight against the illicit slave trade. Presented here are the results of the project's underwater excavations, analyses, public-outreach efforts, and funding support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The East Winner Bank Shipwreck takes its name from the southern sandbank on Hayling Island near Portsmouth, UK. Examination of the wreck indicates a 19th-century carvel-built vessel. The sandbank is an active environment, meaning the wreck is rarely exposed to its full extent. Discussed here is work completed on the site before and during the social-distancing restrictions imposed by COVID-19. Documentary sources and previous detailed surveys suggest a possible identification for the wreck. The site appears to be an example of an everyday 19th-century coastal trading vessel, rarely explored archaeologically in the UK, with potential to contribute to discussions of the maritime technologies and maritime cultural landscape of regular folk. The investigation represents an excellent example of combining historical and archaeological data sets to further the interpretation of both sources, revealing details about the ship and its lasting impact on this stretch of coastline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Portuguese schooner Arrogante was captured in late November 1837 by hms Snake, off the coast of Cuba. At the time, the Arrogante had more than 330 Africans on board, who had been shipped from the Upper Guinea coast. Once the vessel arrived in Montego Bay, Jamaica, the British authorities apprenticed those who had survived. Shortly after landing, however, the Arrogante's sailors were accused of slaughtering an African man, cooking his flesh, and forcing the rest of those enslaved on board to eat it. Furthermore, they were also accused of cooking and eating themselves the heart and liver of the same man. This article focuses not so much on the actual event, as on the transatlantic process that followed, during which knowledge was produced and contested, and relative meanings and predetermined cultural notions associated with Europeans and Africans were probed and queried. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Carnegie was a very unusual ship, a nonmagnetic 44‐m brigantine schooner designed to conduct surveys of terrestrial magnetism. From 1909 to 1922, in 6 cruises, it navigated a total of 466,000 km and was then kept in storage in its homeport of Washington, D.C., from 1922 until 1927, when the vessel was overhauled and refitted for Cruise VII, a 3‐year global cruise dedicated both to magnetism and also explicitly to oceanography. Cruise VII of the Carnegie ended prematurely and abruptly in November 1929 with an explosion during a refueling operation in Apia in the South Pacific. Famous for its tragic ending, little known today is that the cruise was one of close international collaborations and visits. A number of European organizations were involved from the early planning stages, and in equipping the ship. The cruise also included a visit to Japanese oceanographers. For the United States, Cruise VII of the Carnegie was quite possibly the first large‐scale oceanographic campaign that relied on international collaboration, and the last until well after World War II. However, shown here is that oceanographers in the United States and elsewhere have long known that oceanography is an international affair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on philosophical reflections on the concepts of place, place-based education, wild pedagogies and outdoor schooling in Denmark, the article presents and reflects upon selected results from a three-year accompanying qualitative research conducted in connection with a project for underserved young people and students. Approximately 40 participants aged 14-29 with social, personal, relational and/or substance abuse problems were enrolled as crewmembers on a schooner in periods ranging from a few weeks to six to eight months during the project's three-year duration. The results indicate that place, nature, an extended stay and the relationship competency of the crew are all factors that can have a positive and transformative impact on participants, supporting their efforts to get "on an even keel" - to use a maritime expression that alludes to keeping a vessel's keel steady, assuring smooth sailing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Jan Maria was a Dutch schooner that, in 1883, en route from the Baltic to its home port, was forced to jettison cargo during a fierce storm, which resulted in a General Average (GA) procedure. GA refers to a method that redistributes damages that were deliberately inflicted by the master, in order to save the ship and its cargo, among all those parties that benefited from the action. The report of this procedure of the Jan Maria has been preserved and is exceptional in its completeness. It offers a unique view on a complex procedure and also on the coping mechanisms of small-scale entrepreneurs in a volatile business environment. In this article, I will explain the principle and functioning of GA, and I will argue that, in spite of financial innovations like marine insurance, GA remained an important part of risk management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Deadman's Island (8SR782) and Town Point (8SR983) shipwrecks are unidentified vessel remains that were archaeologically investigated and interpreted as small stripped and abandoned vessels from the British Occupational Period of Pensacola (1763–1781). The wrecks are located in an 18th-century British Royal Navy careenage called Old Navy Cove at the landform known as Deadman's Island near Gulf Breeze, Florida. Contemporary documents, both reanalysed and rediscovered, may prove the Deadman's Island Wreck to be HMS Florida, the last survey schooner of Royal Surveyor and Cartographer George Gauld, and the Town Point Wreck Florida's attendant shallop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Arqueologia Pública is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article analyzes the logbook, carried on board the schooner Mary Jane, a ship that between November 1833 and early 1835 was dedicated to hunting fur seals around the western Patagonian archipelago. The notes recorded by the diary's keeper, Charles Palmer, not only provide unpublished and detailed descriptions of the horse and canoe Indians, inhabitants of Patagonia, but also account for the way in which interactions with the aborigines and the dynamics of these hunting cruises developed during the first half of the 19th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]