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This research aimed to determine the level of implementation, and challenges of K-12 program in public secondary schools of District VI, Quezon City, to serve as a basis for an action plan. The study used the descriptive survey method of research. It used a survey questionnaire in a checklist form to gather the data from two groups of respondents: the teachers, and the school leaders/ coordinators. Based on the findings, it was found out that the level of implementation of the K-12 program was high in terms of instructional materials, school facilities and equipment, and teachers' preparedness as assessed by the two groups of respondents. In addition, there was a significant difference between the assessment of the two groups of respondents on the level of K-12 implementation in terms of instructional materials, but no significant difference in terms of school facilities and equipment, and teachers' preparedness. Moreso, the challenges encountered by the teachers with regard to the K-12 program implementation were a) congested most essential learning competencies, b) time allotment is not enough, c) lack of additional training, d) the student-teacher ratio is not proportional and, e) facilities are lacking like advanced laboratories for experiments. On the other hand, the group of school leaders/ coordinators encountered challenges as follows; a) lack of technology-based equipment for advanced subjects, b) insufficient number of training days, and c) time allotment is not enough to cover all the lessons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to improve the learning environment of a university viewing room by rehabilitating and refurbishing its ceiling, highlighting the critical role of infrastructure in education. The project is driven by the recognition that a well-maintained ceiling is essential for students' physiological well-being, eyesight health, safety, and comfort. Research indicates that poor air circulation in congested spaces with low ceilings can exacerbate the spread of airborne diseases, while inadequate ceiling illumination can harm visual health. Furthermore, exposed electric wires and an aesthetically unpleasing environment can distract students, negatively impacting their focus and learning outcomes. Upon approval, the project will proceed with planning, designing, and estimating, followed by the procurement of construction materials based on competitive bidding. All supplies will undergo thorough quality inspections. By addressing the structural inadequacies of the viewing room ceiling, this study aims to foster a safer and more conducive learning atmosphere, ultimately enhancing literacy outcomes and nurturing students' overall well-being. The findings of this project will underscore the significant impact of proper infrastructure on educational experiences, offering insights to the administration on the importance of maintaining high standards in school facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chilldcare and school facilities healthcare is one of the important elements of the healthcare system in Bulgaria and is a fundamental factor in early childhood healthcare. Health offices are organized at schools and childcare facilities. Regional health inspectorates methodically guide the activities of doctors and medical specialists in health offices on the problems of disease prevention and health promotion. The current study aims to offer an opportunity to attract new personnel to the childcare and school facilities healthcare system to overcome the shortage of medical professionals. For the purposes of the study, I conducted a survey among the students studying in the "Public Health Inspector" specialty at the Medical College at the Medical University of Plovdiv and among the working inspectors in the Regional Health Inspectorate system from the Epidemic Control Department. The students' practical skills and theoretical knowledge were assessed, as well as their desire and motivation to work as health professionals in health offices in childcare and school facilities. Legislative measures are needed in this direction, which will provide opportunities for professional opportunities for the realization of the students in training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the role of families facing the disruption caused by the shutdown of school facilities due to the health crisis caused by the SARS - C o V -2 virus, based on the premise that the reflection of conflicts and the debate about how to deal with them allows us to attain and build institutional learning. It shares the findings of the research “Reception, experiences and practice of the 'Learn at Home strategy' during the emergency of COVID -19. A study from heterogeneity”, whose purpose was to describe the actions carried out in adapting schools to teaching in an emergency, from the point of view of the actors and intended to build knowledge from the analysis of this crisis, thinking about its implications and acknowledging potential learnings for the daily life of the schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Heterogeneity in pedestrians' perceived importance of crossing facilities was studied. • TOPSIS was used to derive the relative importance and ranking of attributes. • Heterogeneity in perceived importance was investigated using non-parametric tests. • Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H tests were employed as non-parametric tests. • Heterogeneity was found to be significant w.r.t walking preference and age group. • There was no effect of gender on heterogeneity in perceived importance. Although several studies in the past discussed the effects of socio-demographic and trip characteristics on users' preferences towards crossing facilities in urban areas, they were mostly confined to metro cities or million-plus cities. Adequate investigation has not been performed for the same in the small-sized cities where pedestrian activities are expected to be more frequent because of the higher share of shorter and walkable trip lengths. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the heterogeneity in the perceived importance of crossing facility attributes among different pedestrian groups based on gender, age group, and walking preference. The study was conducted in a small-sized city, Roorkee, in the state of Uttarakhand, India. A face-to-face questionnaire survey of 554 pedestrians was conducted to collect their perceived importance towards 12 crossing facility attributes under study using a 5-point Likert-type ordinal scale. Collected data was analyzed using the non-parametric tests to measure the heterogeneity in the perceived importance of crossing facility attributes among aforementioned pedestrian groups. Subsequently, the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method was used to derive relative importance scores of attributes found statistically significant in heterogeneity tests for different pedestrian groups. The findings of the present study reveal that perceived importance towards crossing facility attributes is heterogeneous based on the pedestrians' age group and walking preferences; however, it remains unaffected by gender. These findings would help policymakers, planners, and government authorities frame improvement strategies for the existing crossing facilities in the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study leverages data collected from a study of Baltimore's 21st Century School Buildings Program to understand the potential of a school facilities investment to catalyze community development. We leverage a school-community partnership typology to examine partnerships at 21CSBP schools in three neighborhoods. We found that schools provided critical resources to their school and place-based communities and were linked to community development efforts. We argue that community development partnership models are possible when schools and their partners view their work as going beyond the schoolhouse door. The study extends the field's understanding of the interdependence of school and neighborhood improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a scale to assess the influence of Higher Educational Facilities for the growth of education in higher education institutions. Design/methodology/approach: The first step in the process of scale development is to generate an item pool containing as many items as possible which captures the construct of interest. A total of 111 items were constructed for the initial try-out of the scale measuring the construct of higher educational facilities. This rating scale was based on the Likert-type was designed, where each item had to be rated on a five-point scale. The scale consisted of a few items involving the dimensions of infrastructure, quality assessment and quality assurance regard to the vision actualization. Findings: Higher Educational Facilities Scale (HEFS) was developed by the investigator and designed in the format of a 5-point rating scale of the Likert type. There are different phases identified for the scale construction. In the first phase, items are created and the content's validity is determined. The scale is constructed in the second phase. Pre-testing the questions, administering the survey, reducing the number of items and determining how many factors the scale captures are all steps in the scale construction process. The number of dimensions, reliability and validity are all verified in the third phase, scale evaluation. In developing the scale, the content and face validity was ascertained. The reliability of the scale and its three subscales were established. This scale has potential value for policymakers to assess the perception held by the religious faculty members working in higher education institutions. Originality/value: The research is part of the doctoral thesis by Dr Deepa Thomas under the supervision of Dr Fr. Joseph C. C. and the co-supervision of Dr Kennedy Andrew Thomas. The purpose of the scale is to assess the higher educational facilities of in institutions of higher Education. Quality, excellence and service are the vision and purpose of higher education institutions to provide ample opportunities and good facilities for their beneficiaries, thus creating tremendous changes in the Indian education scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the progress and impact of the King’s College London Centre for Military Ethics since its collaboration with the Colombian military forces’ educational institutions. More specifically, the article focusses on expanding the military ethics course across different educational facilities of the Colombian Army and the Colombian Navy and Air Force. The impact of the education delivered using an online course designed to be completed without a tutor is analysed and presented. The final part of the article describes a way forward as far as the Colombian project is concerned, as well as the refinement of the course materials and launch of new tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the central government implemented a policy of Bureaucratization of Native Officers, in order to develop and consolidate the integration of frontier with the mainland. Through the gradual construction of cultural and educational facilities, appointed officials were able to achieve the political goal of ideological integration with the Central Plains in the frontier society. Taking the construction of cultural and educational facilities as a starting point, this article attempts to explore the relationship between urban development, power change and cultural identity in Dali City from four aspects: the number of facilities, scale regulation, spatial form and functional structure. Shows that: (1) In basic education facilities, charitable schools replaced village schools, and New-type schools gradually increased and showed decentralised distribution, making Confucianism available to a wider audience. (2) The scale of the main educational facilities had expanded and the regulation has improved, gradually showing a concentrated distribution. And due to the formation of functional zoning, cultural and educational facilities occupy a more central and prominent landscape position in Dali City. (3) Influenced by the Confucian culture of Central Plains, the number of imperial examinations gradually increased, and the social life of Dali City changed. Dali City gradually converged with the Central Plains, and the local people's sense of cultural identity with the Central Plains deepened, strengthening the central government's rule over the border areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Management of educational facilities and infrastructure will have an impact on the optimal, effective, and efficient implementation of educational activities in schools. SMAN 71 Jakarta is known for its lush and comfortable environment, as well as adequate facilities and infrastructure to support the implementation of education in the school. Therefore, this research aims to determine how the management of educational facilities and infrastructure is conducted in SMAN 71 Jakarta. This study is a qualitative research using a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques in this research are conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation, known as data triangulation. Interviews were conducted with eight informants related to the management of educational facilities and infrastructure in the school. Furthermore, data analysis techniques in this research are carried out through three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that SMAN 71 Jakarta has implemented seven main functions of management of educational facilities and infrastructure, namely planning, procurement, distribution, inventory, maintenance, storage, and disposal, quite well although there are still some challenges in its implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this essay, Lisa Sandlos and Rennie Tang investigate the potential for movement to play a more significant role in schoolyard design processes to enhance the physical literacy of middle school youth. This research responds to a need for prioritizing physical literacy for historically marginalized youth whose movement needs are often different from what is currently provided by athletics- focused school programming. The study draws on urban design theory, an ecological approach to psychology, movement/ dance studies research theory, and creativity studies to explore landscape design strategies that have the potential to cultivate a more robust culture of physical literacy in schoolyards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study discusses the seismic performance evaluation of an irregular auditorium building. The building is an educational facility which has roof span up to 46 meters, column height up to 10 meters, beam span up to 15 meters, cantilever up to 6.50 meters, 2 inclined columns with the angle up to 54.72°, and 1 transfer column with 1 transfer beam. The evaluation process was carried out using Tier 3 method with linear dynamic procedure which consisted of Response Spectrum Analysis (RSA) and Linear Time History Analysis (LTHA) according to ASCE 41-23 using SAP2000 subjected to short (Ss) and long (S1) period of earthquakes. The building is designed to Risk Category IV, which the target performance levels for structural components are Immediate Occupancy (IO) for Basic Safety Earthquake 1 for New Building (BSE-1N) and Life Safety (LS) for Basic Safety Earthquake 2 for New Building (BSE-2N). Even though the building had a torsional strength irregularity, the percentage of components with a Demand-Capacity Ratio value that did not meet the requirements was 9.87% of the total components; hence the linear procedure was assumed to be still applicable. Analyses showed that the average acceptance criteria ratio of the components with the RSA method was lower than with the LTHA method but the percentage of the components with acceptance criteria ratio exceeding 1 using RSA method was higher than using the LTHA method. In addition, the results indicated that the average performance level of the components was IO for BSE-1N and LS for BSE-2N, which both results had met the expected performance level targets. However, the maximum performance level of the components did not meet the IO performance level target for BSE-1N and did not meet the LS performance level target for BSE-2N. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia is the property of Publikasi Indonesia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Grounded in the behavioral ecological model, and to address a lack of park space, this study looked at community members' use of public high school physical activity (PA) facilities during nonschool hours while considering the effects of seasonality. Method: Data included 3,959 observation sweeps across 19 public high school campuses over 1 year (all seasons) in Arizona. Results: Differences in contextual supports were evident between seasons, with facilities being more accessible, usable, and lighted in spring than summer or fall. Accessible facilities were most often outside (68.6% of the time). The highest frequency of sedentary behavior was in summer. Conclusion: The present study expands our understanding about the influence of seasonality as related to community access to PA facilities. During times of extreme temperatures, it may be beneficial to find ways to make indoor PA facilities more accessible to support increased PA levels of community members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the impact of code-switching on the language proficiency of Moroccan EFL teachers. A mixed-methods approach is used, combining surveys, interviews, and classroom observations to explore how code-switching affects teachers' language skills. The findings reveal that code-switching is a prevalent practice, primarily used to facilitate comprehension and classroom management in multilingual settings. While teachers view it as an effective strategy for bridging linguistic gaps, there are concerns about its long-term implications. Survey results show a high frequency of code-switching, suggesting its effectiveness in addressing linguistic diversity. However, interviews highlight a divide in perceptions, with some teachers fearing that frequent code-switching may limit their exposure to English and reduce opportunities for spontaneous language practice. Classroom observations support the strategic use of code-switching to enhance teaching effectiveness, though excessive use may hinder both teachers' and students' language development by limiting immersion in English. The study underscores the need for a balanced approach to code-switching, ensuring it serves pedagogical goals without compromising language proficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seismic risk assessment in school buildings is critical for ensuring the safety and resilience of educational institutions against seismic events. This paper presents a new seismic risk methodology named MM Risk and comparative study with Adriseismic methodology used for seismic risk assessment. The study aims to provide insights into the effectiveness and reliability of these methods in evaluating the seismic vulnerability of school buildings. Through a comprehensive review of the existing literature and application on a dataset of 213 schools (367 buildings), this paper evaluates the strengths and limitations of each method in terms of accuracy, complexity, and practical applicability. The results show that by integrating the approach of Adriseismic methodology and incorporating extensions related to irregularities, the social risk component (number of users), and the ability to assess different types of structures, a comprehensive and tailored methodology for assessing seismic risk can be developed. This is important since these factors are strongly influencing the seismic risk of schools as connected systems. Furthermore, this paper explores the implications of these findings for improving seismic risk mitigation strategies in school buildings. MM Risk methodology places over 70% of school buildings in the medium seismic risk category and 27% in the high seismic risk category. On the other hand, the Adriseismic methodology is more stringent, classifying 60% of school buildings into high and very-high risk categories. This disparity undoubtedly influences the prioritization list for seismic risk mitigation measures. However, definitely the comparative analysis presented in this paper offers valuable guidance for engineers, policymakers, and stakeholders involved in the seismic retrofitting and design of school buildings, ultimately contributing to the enhancement of seismic resilience in educational infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia has entered a period of demographic bonus. Human resources must be optimized. The number of children who do not in employment, education or training (NEET) in each province needs attention. Several factors that could contribute to the decline in the NEET percentage are literacy rates and the number of adolescents with computer skills. Increasing these two factors is believed to be able to reduce the percentage of NEET in every province in Indonesia. To find out the relationship between these two factors and how much influence they have on the percentage of NEET, this research is modeled by Cauchy regression and includes spatial effects. The results of the analysis show that the best model is when the spatial effect is modeled by Fernandez Steel Skew Normal conditionally autoregressive (FSSN CAR). This result is seen from the smallest value of the Watanabe Akaike Information Criterion (WAIC) in this model, which is 190.5. The parameter estimated shows that the higher the literacy rate and the number of adolescents with computer skills, the lower the percentage of NEET in each province in Indonesia. The results of this research can be useful for the Indonesian government to increase the number of educational facilities related to these two factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to provide a precise assessment of the distribution of educational facilities within the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area, serving as a crucial foundation for managing educational resource allocation and enhancing the quality of educational services. Utilizing a kernel density analysis, global autocorrelation analysis, and geographic detectors, this research systematically analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of educational facilities in the area. The findings reveal significant geographical disparities in facility distribution with dense clusters in urban centers such as Guangzhou and Shenzhen, and less dense distributions in peripheral areas like Zhongshan and Macau. These facilities exhibit a multi-center cluster pattern with strong spatial autocorrelation, mainly influenced by the population size and economic and urban development levels. The results provide actionable insights for refining educational planning and resource allocation, contributing to the enhancement of educational quality across diverse urban landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, refugee Ukrainian learners are attending German mainstream schools, leading to an even more diverse student population. Given that the German school system is committed to provide inclusive education for all, this study aims to examine how teachers address Ukrainian students learning needs by means of differentiated instruction. To this end, a qualitative study was conducted in which eight elementary school and advanced secondary school teachers were interviewed. Findings revealed that refugee Ukrainian students in German mainstream schools are taught alongside German students, but are also placed in separated classrooms. Additionally, they occasionally participate in remote learning via Zoom from Ukraine. Furthermore, teachers reported using more frequently tiered assignments or peer tutoring systems. In contrast, practices such as mastery learning or open education are seldomly implemented. Implications of the results, as well as limitations and further lines of research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Architecture for children should receive higher priority to achieve adequate educational facilities for the next generation of the nation. Creativity is crucial in the development of fine and gross motor skills in children. Research on child-friendly architecture has yet to explore its architectural manifestations. This study aims to develop important indicators for the architectural aspects of child-friendly schools. The benefits include guiding practitioners in designing child-friendly schools and enriching the theory of child-friendly schools. The operational steps include: (1) Reviewing Sarah Scott's theory on child-friendly schools; (2) Implementing indicators of child-friendly schools in Fuji Kindergarten and Farming Kindergarten buildings, both of which embody child-friendly concepts; (3) Analyzing the compatibility of Sarah Scott's theory with these two school buildings as case studies; (4) Developing guidelines and implementation of designs for child-friendly schools based on these case studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to communicate the relevant management model with optimal performance in the collection of construction resources (human, non-human), supervision of workers and activities in the development of adequate and quality school infrastructure facilities. Design/methodology/approach: The study employed a mixed methods research approach in collecting and analysing research findings. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews and questionnaires which consisted of closed questions were the data collection tools. Numerical data collected were processed and analysed by using quantitative methods and techniques such as descriptive analysis, whereas text data were subjected to content analysis. Findings: The findings revealed that the Post-New Public Management (PNPM) is relevant in the collection of construction resources and suitable for the supervision of workers and tasks towards the development of adequate and quality school infrastructure facilities. Based on the evidence generated, the PNPM model was recommended to be adapted to collection of construction resources and supervision of workers and activities. Originality/value: This paper highlights the need for construction committees and other education policy implementers to adapt a relevant management model in realising optimal performance in the development of adequate and quality school infrastructure facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Education is one of the most important social determinants shaping the development and wellbeing of children. The purpose of this review of reviews is to inform policymakers, practitioners and public health stakeholder involved in developing childfriendly policies outside of the healthcare system. Methods: We carried out a scoping review of reviews. It included 32 reviews. Results: We identified four main categories of educational determinants in relation to children's health: 1) the organization and structure of educational activities, 2) the interpersonal relations in the educational facilities and structures, 3) the spatial environment of educational facilities and structures, 4) social inequalities in the educational facilities and structures. This last category highlighted the capacity of education systemto act on inequalities derived fromthe way social structures are organized. Conclusion: We suggest a conceptual framework for action which distinguishes structural determinant (gender, race, social class, etc.) and structuring determinant (public policy, systems of governance, organization of cultures/values consideration). Finally, we discuss on how these social structures and structuring determinants influence the intermediary educational determinants collated in the review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a case study on the experimental co-creation process of a digital platform supporting Sustainable Public Food Procurement (SPFP) in public kindergartens in a medium-sized city in Poland. The organisation of SPFP requires a dedicated technological infrastructure to ensure the information flow among food producers, kindergarten employees, children and parents. To this end, a digital platform was designed to enable contact, assessment of food quality and food procurement environmental impact, and the communication of needs and problems among all the actors involved in the food procurement system for kindergartens. The article also discusses the results of the field research and the method of Urban Living Labs, highlighting the key challenges faced by those seeking to combine knowledge about food and the natural environment with public food procurement. The principal difficulties include the availability, accessibility and possible application of data on the environmental costs of food production, the individualisation of needs and motivations related to public catering in educational facilities, and the specific nature of the public sector responsible for public food procurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safety and resilience of learning facilities are critical issues in disaster-prone areas, in which natural hazards can pose significant risks to students, staff, and infrastructures. To address these issues, the SPRINT-Lab researchers at the University of Udine, under the UNESCO umbrella, conceived and developed the Visual Inspections for defining Safety Upgrading Strategies (VISUS) methodology. VISUS consists of visual inspections of school facilities, with the aim of providing decision-makers with evidence-based recommendations for upgrading safety and resilience in learning environments. This paper summarises the key features of the VISUS methodology and illustrates the progression of its application in the last decade, achieved through its implementation in pilot projects promoted by the UNESCO Unit on disaster risk reduction (DRR). In particular, the paper showcases the results achieved from the application of VISUS in various projects worldwide, and provides examples on how these results can be used to support decision-makers in formulating plans and strategies to improve school safety. Furthermore, the paper highlights the knowledge acquired and conclusions drawn from the various VISUS projects and provides insights into the practical implications of its implementation within the UN DRR policies, so as to improve the safety of learning facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taxation is Indonesia's largest source of national income. Public facilities such as school, hospital, bridges, airport, highway, and more are positive outcome taxpayer contributions to national development. Taxpayer compliance is the main key to generate national income. The Tax Service Office (KPP) in Pati is a unit of the Directorate General of Taxes (DJP) with a broad service area covering Pati Regency and Rembang Regency. This study aims to extract the root causes of taxpayer compliance issues at KPP Pati, focusing on office services, officer resources, taxpayer resources, and modern tax administration using technology analyzed through a fishbone diagram. Qualitative research method was employed to gather insights from 10 informants for gaining multiple points of view representing different perspectives on the four aforementioned aspects. Informants included a frontliner of NPWP, a frontliner customer service representative, two village officials, two account representatives, a service department head, and three taxpayers from different generations. The results revealed that the role of the millennial generation is significant due to their population dominance, while poor digitalization platforms at the DJP were getting worse. Improving digital platform functionality is crucial to enhance taxpayer compliance in the current era. This includes initiatives such as digital marketing, digital account, digital application, and transparent reporting practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since development is not a multi-dimensional phenomenon based on the economy and a developed country must be developed in all aspects, an important part of it is the human development index. The human development index appeared as one of the important development indicators in the development program and caused the factors affecting the imbalance of the human development index level to be investigated in this program. The purpose of this research is to discover the factors affecting the imbalance of the human development index level among the provinces of the country and to design the paradigm of the human development index. Using descriptive statistics, the comparison of human development indicators between provinces was made, then qualitative data obtained from expert interviews were analyzed with the help of Maxqda software, and the paradigm of imbalance of the level of human development index was achieved. Five factors that are the cause of the imbalance of the human development index have been identified, which include: educational facilities, health and welfare facilities, inappropriate planning, unbalanced development and economic poverty, so these factors lead to the formation and realization of the balance in human development between the provinces. They will be. Human indicators are unevenly distributed in the country and the border provinces often have less of these indicators and its focus is in Tehran. Relying on a single-product economy, lack of security, isolation in global interactions, lack of a strategic plan are among the significant factors in the lack of human development in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on the self-assessment of traumatic symptoms in children from 8 to 16 years of age who, as part of institutional or protective education, are placed in substitute educational care facilities. The research was conducted using the standardized questionnaire Assessment of Traumatic Symptoms in Children and Adolescents TSCC-A (Briere, 2022). The aim of the research investigation was to determine, find and compare differences in the self-assessment of traumatic symptoms in the selected group on a sample of 101 children and adolescents. The article reflects the key aspects related to this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School learning environments play a crucial role in both student and faculty outcomes; however, the limited funding allocated to public school facilities can result in poor environmental conditions which can hinder occupant health and performance. Existing school facilities must then explore affordable retrofit strategies that can effectively improve health and performance outcomes. The emerging field of biophilic design offers significant potential for improving existing school environments with benefits for both the students and faculty. Through case study research, this study proposes a toolkit of 42 biophilic retrofits for existing K-12 schools in a set of stakeholder cards that illustrate precedents, known impacts, and their relevance to high-performance schools. Additionally, a stakeholder card sorting study was conducted to establish the perceived viability and impact of each strategy. The findings reveal that biophilic retrofit design strategies are perceived by school community stakeholders to be impactful with varying levels of affordability. These findings further demonstrate that a toolkit of biophilic interventions for K-12 schools will offer invaluable insights to improve student and faculty conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to analyse the dynamics of violence against educational facilities and students in northwest Nigeria, specifically carried out by bandits. By employing qualitative and quantitative research methodologies, a comprehensive understanding of these attacks is sought. The paper notes schools and students are disproportionately targeted by bandits and are becoming vulnerable for various reasons. These include pervasive failure of governance, diminishing presence of the state in maintaining order, general lack of protection by the government, perceived weakness of students to mount resistance, and bandits' propensity for illicit profit through ransom payment by victims. These affect the students in six principal ways: loss of lives, increasing burden of fear, rise in sexually transmitted diseases, decreasing enrolment in school, abandonment of educational facilities and forced displacement. In the milieu of banditry in Nigeria's northwest, it is crucial to adopt the peacebuilding approach and implement security sector reform, safe school initiatives, development, social support and strategic health care delivery to victims in order to successfully eliminate, neutralise, and disrupt (END) attacks by bandits targeting educational facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research proposes a 10-step methodology for developing an enhanced IAQ dashboard and classroom index (CI) in higher educational facilities located in arid environments. The identified parameters of the enhanced IAQ dashboard–inspired by the pandemic experience, result from the literature review and the outcome of two electronic surveys of (52) respondents, including health professionals and facility management experts. On the other hand, the indicators included in the CI are based on (80) occupant survey responses, including parameters related to IAQ, Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ), and thermal comfort, amongst other classroom operative considerations. The CI is further tested in four learning spaces at the American University in Cairo, Egypt. The main contribution of this research is to suggest a conceptual visualization of the dashboard and a practical classroom index that integrates a representative number of contextual indicators to recommend optimal IAQ scenarios for a given educational facility. This study concludes by highlighting several key findings: (1) both qualitative and quantitative metrics are necessary to capture indoor air quality-related parameters accurately; (2) tailoring the dashboard as well as the CI to specific contexts enhances its applicability across diverse locations; and finally, (3) the IAQ dashboard and CI offer flexibility for ad-hoc applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saudi Art & Design Journal is the property of Saudi Art & Design Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)