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Schinia carrizoensis new species, is described from specimens collected on the Carrizo Plain National Monument, San Luis Obispo County and northeastern Santa Barbara County, California. This new Schinia is a member of the S. cupes (Grote) complex and is remarkable in the group for having subtle maculation with rusty coloration and a limited distribution.

Schinia psamathea sp. n. is described from the southern coastal plain in Georgia and the East Gulf coastal plain in Florida and Alabama in habitats associated with sandy soil or dunes. Adult males and females and their genitalia are described and illustrated. Schinia psamathea is compared to Schinia saturata (Grote).

Little was known about the Lepidoptera fauna at White Sands National Monument or Carlsbad Caverns National Park, both in the Chihuahuan Desert of southern New Mexico, before 2006 when the National Park Service initiated studies of the Lepidoptera, especially moths. Many species of moths were captured in black-light traps. Cisthene perrosea (Dyar) (Erebidae), Schinia intrebilis (Smith) (Noctuidae), and Tolype meyelisae Franclemont (Lasiocampidae), recorded from New Mexico for the first time, represent significant range extensions.

Schinia volupia (Fitch) (Figs. 12���28, 38��� 40, 44, 50���52, 56, 60���63, 81 ��� 82, 109) Alaria volupia Fitch, 1868: 908. Rhododipsa volupia: Grote 1880: 47.���Grote 1883: 152.���Smith 1883: 250.���Smith 1891: 53.���Smith 1893: 273.���Dyar 1903: 186.��� Holland 1903: 225.���Barnes and McDunnough 1917: 38.���McDunnough 1938: 104. Schinia volupia: Franclemont and Todd 1983: 158.���Poole 1989: 898.���Poole and Gentili 1996: 772.���Hardwick 1996: 153.��� Lafontaine and Schmidt 2010: 69. Rhododipsa masoni Smith, 1896: 284.���Dyar 1903: 186.��� Holland 1903: 225.���Barnes and McDunnough 1917: 38.��� McDunnough 1938: 105. new synonym Schinia masoni: Franclemont and Todd 1983: 158.���Poole 1989: 895.���Poole and Gentili 1996: 771.���Hardwick 1996: 154.��� Byers 1989: 210 [life history]. Diagnosis. Schinia volupia is an extremely variable species across its wide geographic range. Specimens most resembling the holotype have a dark reddish-pink forewing and dark pink hind wing (Figs. 22���23). Forewing ground color can vary from ochreous (Figs. 15���16), gradually becoming more pink (Figs. 17���18), to darker pink (Figs. 19���21), to dark reddish-pink, to maroon (Figs. 24���25). All of these forms have a pink to slightly darker pink hind wing. In other forms the forewing is mixed with dark reddish-pink and ochreous (Figs. 26���29) and these have a gray hind wing mixed with some pink. Specimens previously recognized as S. masoni (Smith) have a dark reddish-pink forewing and dark gray hind wing (Figs. 30���31). There is also variation in the form of the antemedial and postmedial lines varying from a solid, thin white line (Figs. 15���18) to becoming a series of short dashes along wing veins that may or may not be connected by pale pink scales (Figs. 19���31). Description. Head: Frons, vertex, and labial palp ochreous; eyes large, round. Thorax: Ground color darker ochreous than head. Foretibia with an elongate, curved inner spine with 1���2 smaller more slender spines proximally and 3���4 smaller, stout outer spines that are reduced in size proximally; middle and hind legs with obvious spines with the middle leg having a few more than the hind leg. Forewing (Figs. 12���28, 81��� 82): Length 9.0���11.6 mm; ground color variable from pink to dark pink to maroon; antemedial line crenulate, curved; orbicular spot variable in size from a few white scales to a small spot contiguous with the antemedial line; reniform spot absent; postmedial line a white quadrate spot on the costa then forms a zigzag line to posterior margin; fringe testaceous flushed with pink. Hind wing: Ground color pink to dark pink flushed with testaceous; fringe testaceous with pink basally. Abdomen: Ochreous with a variable amount of pink caudally. Second sternite with well developed hair pencil and associated pocket. Male genitalia (Figs. 38���40, 44): Uncus of moderate length, length 0.31���0.33 X length of valve; valve length 5.26���6.67 X width, apex narrow, robust setae along slightly scalloped posterior margin; corona reduced, consisting of less than eight setae or absent; ampulla large (length= 0.10���0.12 X length of valve); saccus V-shaped. Female genitalia (Figs. 60���63): Papillae anales triangulate, apex narrowly rounded; eighth segment with fine, elongate spicules; seventh segment with fine spicules extending onto distal margin, an irregular row of fine, elongate setae proximal to fine spicules, and shorter fine setae sparsely scattered on rest of segment; accessory bursae with three coils; corpus bursae slightly ovate; signa consisting of four elongate scobinate ribbons. Type material. Schinia volupia: Holotype ♀, No locality; three labels: 1) 1040 (hand written in red ink), 2) Alaria volupia Fitch (hand written in black ink), 3) Type, No. 283, U.S. N.M. (red label printed and hand written in black ink). Deposited in USNM. Schinia masoni: Lectotype ♀, five labels: 1) Denver, Colo. Bruce (hand written in black ink), 2) 36511 (type set in black ink), 3) Rhododipsa masoni Type 1 Smith (red bordered, hand written in black ink), 4) Type, No. 4842, U.S. N.M. (red label printed and hand written in black ink), 5) Rhododipsa masoni Smith (black bordered white label with Lectotype and By printed in red). Lectotype designated by Todd (1982). Deposited in USNM. Material examined. All specimens are from USNM collection except as noted. (198 ♂, 127 ♀). U.S.A.: COLORADO: BOULDER CO.: Boulder, 5500 ft., 12 June 1961, J.R. Stainer (CNC). DENVER CO.: Denver, (3 ♂, 3 ♀) ♀ genitalia slide USNM 49474, 8 ��� 15 July (2 ♂, 1 ♀). DOUGLAS CO.: 3 mi E of Palmer Lake, County Line Rd. at Beacon Lite, 7300 ft., 27 June 2004 (3 ♂, 1 ♀), C. Harp & B. Byers (CEH); 3.5 mi E of Palmer Lake, County Line Rd. at Beacon Lite, 7300 ft., 1 July 2004 (3 ♂, 1 ♀) m genitalia slide USNM 49475, 5 July 2004 (1 ♂, 1 ♀) ♀ genitalia slide USNM 49476, 6 July 2004 (1 ♀), on Gaillardia aristata, C. Harp (USNM, CEH). FREMONT CO.: Canon City, 10 Aug. 1973 (1 ♀), G.F. Hevel. LARIMER CO.: Ft. Collins, (1 ♀). JEFFERSON CO.: Chimney Gulch, (4 ♂, 2 ♀), 24���30 June (1 ♂, 5 ♀) ♀ genitalia slide USNM 50614; Chimney Gulch, 17 June 1927, C.L. (CNC); Golden, (1 ♂, 3 ♀); Morrison, June (2 ♂, 1 ♀); Turkey Creek Canyon, June (4 ♂, 5 ♀) ♂ genitalia slide USNM 49473, ♀ genitalia slide USNM 50615. KANSAS: CLARK CO.: No specific locality, May 1962 (1 ♂), June 1962 (1 ♂, 2 ♀), F.H. Snow. MORTON CO.: Cimarron National Grasslands, 7.5 mi N Elkhart, 26 Aug. 2000 (1 ♂), D.J. Wright (DJW). SEWARD CO.: 13 mi NE Liberal, 2700 ft., 26 Aug. 1975, Lafontaine & Bowen (CNC). TREGO CO.: Cedar Bluff Dam, 28 July 1999 (1 ♂), E.H. Metzler (EHM); Cedar Bluff State Park, T 14 S, R 22 W, Sec. 23 & 26, short grass prairie, 14 June 1987 (6 ♂, 2 ♀), E.H. Metzler (EHM); Cedar Bluff Wildlife Area, yucca dominated prairie, CBSY, 28 July 1999 (2 ♂), E.H. Metzler (EHM). LOUISIANA: CAMERON PARISH: Johnson���s Bayou, T 15 S, R 13 W, Sec. 18, 8 Aug. 1985 (1 ♂), 12 Aug. 1985 (6 ♂, 4 ♀), 10 Sep. 1985 (3 ♂, 1 ♀), 14 Sep. 1985 (8 ♂, 1 ♀), 19 Sep. 1985 (4 ♂, 1 ♀), V.A. Brou (VAB). NATCHITOCHES PARISH: Kisatchie National Forest, W. of Gorum, 16 Aug. 1996 (1 ♂, 1 ♀), V.A. Brou (VAB); Red Dirt National Wildlife Refuge, Kisatchie National Forest, 22 Aug. 1997 (4 ♂), 24 Aug. 1995 (10 ♂), 29 Aug. 1989 (1 ♂, 2 ♀), 5 Sep. 1999 (2 ♂), 6 Sep. 1999 (2 ♂), V.A. Brou (VAB). NEW MEXICO: southern [no specific locality], 1���10 Sep. (1 ♀) genitalia slide USNM 50616, O. Polling. GRANT CO.: Mangas Springs, 4850 ft., 13 Aug. 1991 (1 ♀), C.D. Ferris (CSU). QUAY CO.: Tucumcari, 26 May 1924 (1 ♂), J.R. Horton. TORRANCE CO.: 6 mi N Gran Quivira National Monument along Hwy. 55, E shoulder, 8 Aug. 2002 (3 ♂, 1 ♀) ♂ genitalia slides USNM 50602, 50603, ♀ genitalia slide USNM 50604, C. Harp (CEH). OKLAHOMA: CADDO CO.: Red Rock Canyon State Park, 8 July 1987 (2 ♂, 1 ♀), E.H. Metzler (EHM), 30���31 May 1979 (2 ♀), R.J. McGinley. MARSHALL CO.: University of Oklahoma Biological Station, Willis, 14 July 1952 (1 ♀), D.R. Davis. MURRAY CO.: Arbuckle Mountains, 1 km W Turner Falls, 19���30 July 1984 (4 ♂), D. & M. Davis. TEXAS: ANGELINA CO.: Zavalla, 27 Apr. 1960 (1 ♂), F.C. Pratt. ARANSAS CO.: Goose Island State Park, north of Aransas Pass, 18 June 1966 (1 ♂), J.R. Heitzman. BASTROP CO.: Bastrop State Park, 27 June 1963 (1 ♀), 30 June 1964 (1 ♂, 1 ♀) ♀ genitalia slide USNM 49472, A. & M.E. Blanchard. BEXAR CO.: San Antonio, 15 May 1906 (1 ♀), F.C. Pratt. BLANCO CO.: Blanco State Park, 12 June 1963 (1 ♂, 1 ♀), A. & M.E. Blanchard; Round Mt., (1 ♂). BRAZOS CO.: College Station, 20 May (2 ♂), 1 June (1 ♂), 14 June (3 ♀), 20 June (3 ♂, 2 ♀), 23 June (1 ♂, 3 ♀), P.O. Glick; College Station, 18 June 1979, 13 Aug. 1979, R.S. Peigler (CNC). BURNET CO.: Shovel Mountain, (3 ♂, 2 ♀), 16���23 Apr. (1 ♂, 1 ♀), 24���30 Apr. (1 ♀), 8���16 May (1 ♂), 1��� 7 July (1 ♂) genitalia slide USNM 49471. CAMERON CO.: Brownsville, 1 Apr. 1929 (1 ♀), 11 June (1m), 23 June 1895 (1 ♂, 1 ♀); San Benito, 8���15 May (1 ♀). COTTLE CO.: Paducah, 9 July 1967 (1 ♂), A. & M.E. Blanchard. DALLAS CO.: Dallas, 21 May 1938 (1 ♂). GALVESTON CO.: Galveston, May (1 ♀), F.E. Snow. HARRIS CO.: Houston, 3 June 1960 (1 ♂), 28 July 1960 (1 ♀), A. & M.E. Blanchard. HEMPHILL CO.: 6 mi E Canadian, 2000 ft., 8 Aug. 1975, Lafontaine & Bowen (CNC). JIM WELLS CO.: Sandia, 7 Apr. 1981, 19 June 1981, D. & V. Hardwick (CNC). KENEDY CO.: Padre Island National Seashore, 24 Sep. 1979 (1 ♂), A. & M.E. Blanchard. KERR CO.: Kerrville, (5 ♂, 1 ♀), Apr. (1 ♀), 31 May 1906 (1 ♂), F.C. Pratt. KLEBERG CO.: Kingsville, (2 ♂). LA SALLE CO.: Artesia Wells, 12 June 1972 (1 ♂), A. & M.E. Blanchard, 11 June 1972 (23 ♂, 4 ♀), 12 June 1972 (12 ♂, 1 ♀), 13 June 1972 (4 ♂, 6 ♀), 20 June 1972 (6 ♂, 17 ♀), 21 June 1972 (10 ♂, 15 ♀), D.C. Ferguson; Cotulla, 15 Apr. 1906 (1 ♂). LLANO CO.: Llano, 23 May 1925 (2 ♂), genitalia slide FHB 1180. MATAGORDA CO.: Matagorda, 11 May 1963 (1 ♀), G.F. Hevel. MONTAGUE CO.: No specific locality, 28 May 1940 (1 ♂), 27 Aug. 1941 (1 ♀), 28 Aug. 1940 (1 ♂), 30 Aug. 1940 (3 ♂), 1 Sep. 1940 (1 ♂), 21 Sep. 1941 (2 ♀), 30 Sep. 1941 (1 ♀) genitalia slide USNM 50617; 8 mi S of Forestburg, 28 Aug. 1949 (1 ♂), 25 Aug. 1949 (1 ♂), 31 Aug. 1949 (1 ♂), 11 Sep. 1949 (3 ♂, 1 ♀), 17 Sep. 1949 (3 ♂), 24 Sep. 1950 (1 ♀) genitalia slide USNM 50335. NUECES CO.: Corpus Christi, 12 Apr. 1906 (13 ♂, 4 ♀), F.C. Pratt, 6 Oct. 1951 (1 ♂), O.C. Cartwright; N. Padre Island, 9 Sep. 1974 (1 ♀), A. & M.E. Blanchard; Nueces River, (1m). PRESIDIO CO.: Marfa, Davis Mountains, 11 Sep. 1960 (1 ♂). SAN PATRICIO CO.: Sinton, Welder Wildlife Refuge, 5 Apr. 1972 (1 ♀), 22 Apr. 1964 (1 ♂, 1 ♀), 17 May 1977 (1 ♂), 7 Oct. 1963 (1 ♂, 3 ♀), A. & M.E. Blanchard; Sinton, Welder Wildlife Refuge, 25 Sep. 1984, 15 Oct. 1987, D.F. Hardwick (CNC). UVALDE CO.: Sabinal, 26 May 1910 (1 ♂), May 1910 (1 ♂), F.C. Pratt; Utopia, 9���15 May 1989 (1 ♂), D.E. Gaskin; Concan, Neils Lodges, 1300 ft., 17 Apr. 1990, 29 Apr. 1990, N. McFarland (CNC). ZAPATA CO.: Zapata, 12 Apr. 1964 (1 ♂), A. & M.E. Blanchard. UTAH: SALT LAKE CO.: Alta Ski Area, 4 July 1976 (1 ♀), D.A. Currutt (EHM). WYOMING: ALBANY CO.: no specific locality, 8310 ft. 1 July 2002, 8200 ft., 7 July 2002, C.D. Ferris (CNC). LARAMIE CO.: Curt Gowdy State Park, 6 July 1993, B. Landry (CNC). Larval host plants. Larvae of S. volupia feed on four species of Gaillardia (Asteraceae) throughout its range. Gaillardia aestivalis (Walter) H. Rock, lanceleaf blanketflower; G. pinnatifida Torr., red dome blanketflower; G. pulchella Foug., Indian blanket; G. aristata Pursh, blanketflower. Biology. Hardwick (1996) gave a detailed description of the life history and larva of S. volupia. The first and second instars feed within the florets. Late second and third instars feed on the developing achenes and the corolla tubes. Third instars web together a feeding nest within the head. Fourth and fifth instars migrate to new heads and tie down the rays across the disc florets presumably to form a feeding shelter. Larva matured in five instars, with a single specimen requiring six instars. Flight period. Specimens in Texas have been collected from April through September with peak abundance in June. In other parts of its range specimens in Kansas were collected in May and June, July in Oklahoma, and August in Colorado and New Mexico. Distribution (Fig. 109). The front range of Colorado from Larimer, Douglas, and Fremont counties south to central and eastern New Mexico, east to western Kansas, south to southern Oklahoma, Texas, and Louisiana. Discussion. As pointed out in the diagnosis both the forewing ground color and form of the antemedial and postmedial lines and ground color of the hind wing are extremely variable. This variation occurs at a single locality (8 mi S of Forestburg, Montague Co.:, Texas; Red Dirt National Wildlife Refuge, Natchitoches Parrish, Louisiana) where the forewing ground color ranges from pink to maroon. Byers (1989) provides some insight into the possible hybridization of S. volupia and S. masoni. An area between Denver and Colorado Springs called the Palmer Divide, which separates the Platte River watershed to the north from the Arkansas watershed to the south, may be a hybrid zone between S. volupia and S. masoni. Byers collected specimens from this area and noted that the paler pink S. volupia forms had gray scales mixed with the pink scales on the hind wings. Recent collections from this area confirm this observation of both dark pink and maroon adults having a gray hind wing mixed with pink scales. In the more northern areas of the range of S. volupia (masoni) in Jefferson and Larimer Counties the hind wings are pure gray. Byers stated that if these intermediate forms are hybrids then they should be treated as subspecies instead of full species. With our knowledge of S. volupia being an extremely variable species we interpret that S. masoni is a dark form of S. volupia and the hybrid specimens seen in the vicinity of Palmer Divide and Palmer Lake are actually hybrids between S. miniana and S. volupia (Figs. 19���21). In these specimens the basal area, reniform spot, and subterminal area are dark pink, and the median and terminal areas are ochreous as in S. miniana. The hind wing of these specimens is gray with a few pink scales along posterior margin and anal area. Schinia miniana can have either a pinkish-gray or gray hind wing. Schinia sanrafaeli Opler (Figs. 11, 41���43, 53��� 55, 64, 85���86, 110) Schinia sanrafaeli Opler, 2004: 45. Schinia sanrafaeli: Lafontaine and Schmidt 2010: 69. Diagnosis/ Description. Schinia sanrafaeli is variable and some specimens can be confused with S. volupia or S. minana (Grote). Forewing basal area pink; a wide, white antemedial line contiguous with pink basal area; ochreous median area; postmedial line wide, white, sinuous and somewhat jagged; subterminal area pink; terminal area and fringe ochreous. Hind wing is pink with gray scales along costa. The amount of gray scales on the hind wing is variable and can cover as much as half of the hind wing. In the female genitalia the accessory bursae has 2 coils that are tightly coiled (short) and robust. Schinia volupia, S. fulleri, S. miniana, and S. biforma all have 3 coils that are loosely coiled (elongate) and narrow. Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, Utah, Emery Co.:, Goblin Valley St. Pk., 1 Jun 1997, P.A. Opler and E. Buckner, u. v. light (J.D. Lafontaine genitalia slide # 11881). Deposited in the CNC. Material examined. All specimens are from the USNM except as noted. (5 ♂, 3 ♀). COLORADO: MESA CO.: Grand Junction (USTC). UTAH: EMERY CO.: I- 70 roadside marker 150, 1 mi E of Hwy. 24 jct., 4446 ft., 20 May 2001 (1 ♂, 2 ♀), ♂ genitalia slide USNM 50607, C. Harp; San Rafael Desert, Goblin Valley Road at Hwy. 24, SE of parking area, 4980 ft., 24 May 2005 (1 ♂), genitalia slide USNM 50605, C. Harp; San Rafael Desert, Goblin Valley Road at Hwy. 24, S end of parking area, 4920 ft., 24 May 2005 (2 ♂), genitalia slide USNM 50606, C. Harp. GARFIELD CO.: Capitol Reef National Par, Pickaboo Ranger Station, 2 June 1994, P.A. Opler (CNC). GRAND CO.: 0.75 mi SE of Cisco, south of I- 70, on Gaillardia, 4360 ft., 16-17 May 2007 (1 ♂), C. Harp. SAN JUAN CO.: Canyonlands National Park, Squaw Flats, 4 June 1994, P.A. Opler (CNC). WAYNE CO.: San Rafael Desert, 6 mi N Hanksville, off Hwy. 24 at rock tower, on Gaillardia sphathulata, 4623 ft., 14-15 May 2010 (1 ♀), genitalia slide USNM 136447, N. Gibson & C. Harp. Larval host plant. Schinia sanrafaeli has been reared on western blanketflower; G. spathulata A. Gray (Asteraceae). The larval host plant has a limited distribution in eastern Utah and western Colorado that corresponds to the distribution of the moth. Flight period. Late May to early June. Distribution (Fig. 110). Known only from desert areas of eastern Utah and near Grand Junction, Mesa Co., Colorado. Discussion. In the original description of S. sanrafaeli Opler (2004) mentions that S. volupia, S. sanrafaeli, and S. fulleri all have 4 coils in the vesica and S. masoni has 3 1 / 2 coils, although he did not illustrate the male genitalia. As interpreted here, there are only 3 coils in all species of the S. volupia species complex. As defined here, S. sanrafaeli only occurs in eastern Utah and western Colorado. The specimens cited in the original description from Grant Co., New Mexico are specimens of S. volupia. There are two haplotypes of S. sanrafaeli, H 2 and H 11 (Table 2, Fig. 4). Haploptype H 11 from Grand Co., Utah is unique in this study and did not associate with the other two specimens of S. sanrafaeli from the type locality, Emery Co., Utah with haploptype H 2 (Figs. 1���4). Haplotype H 2 was shared with three specimens of S. miniana from Clark Co., Nevada and Cochise Co., Arizona and formed Clade IV in Figs. 1���4. This sharing of haplotype H 2 with S. miniana suggests that there is gene flow between populations of S. sanrafaeli from Emery Co., Utah and of S. miniana from Nevada and Arizona. Schinia fulleri (McElvare) (Figs. 29���30, 45, 57, 65, 89���90, 109) Diagnosis/ Description. Schinia fulleri has a pale ochreous head and thorax and similar antemedial and postmedial lines to S. volupia. The forewing ground color is quite variable with some specimens a dark reddish-brown in median and subterminal areas and ochreous in basal and terminal areas. In other specimens median and subterminal areas are barely darker than the surrounding ochreous and could be considered a solid color with very faint traces of a postmedial line. The hind wing is varies from dark reddish-brown to ochreous slightly darker than the forewing. Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, Florida, Highlands Co.:, Archbold Biol, Published as part of Pogue, Michael G., Ouellette, Gary D. & Harp, Charles E., 2013, A revision of the Schinia volupia (Fitch) species complex (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae), pp. 157-191 in Zootaxa 3716 (2) on pages 166-178, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3716.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/248743

Schinia biforma Smith (Figs. 31���34, 46, 58, 66, 107���108, 111) Schinia biforma Smith, 1906: 21.���Lafontaine and Schmidt 2010: 69. Diagnosis. Schinia biforma can be separated from the S. volupia complex by the presence of a well-developed corona on the valve in the male genitalia, absent or very small in the S. volupia complex. The apex of the valve in S. biforma is broadly rounded (Fig. 46) and the posterior margin is angulate at distal two-thirds. In the S. volupia complex the apex of the valve is narrow (Figs. 38���40, 44) and the posterior margin is gently curved and slightly concave between the robust setae giving a slightly scalloped appearance. The setae along the posterior margin are thicker in diameter in the S. volupia complex than the thin setae in S. biforma. In the female genitalia the spicules on the ninth segment are very fine in S. biforma and more robust in the S. volupia complex, the corpus bursae is larger and ovate in S. biforma and smaller and rounder in the S. volupia complex, and the signa are shorter in S. biforma than in the S. volupia complex. In species of the S. volupia complex, S. biforma shares the forewing pattern of S. miniana. Both species have wide white bands representing the antemedial and postmedial lines. They are easily separated from each other by the orange forewing ground color of S. biforma and the ochreous ground color of S. miniana. The hind wing in S. biforma is black and in S. miniana it is mostly pink. Schinia biforma and S. miniana only overlap in distribution in west Texas. Description. Head: Frons with short pale yellow scales; vertex with narrow yellow to orange scales; labial palp pale yellow with large, flat scales laterally, fringed with narrow scales ventrally; eyes large, round. Thorax: Ground color orange. Foretibia with an elongate, curved apical spiniform seta with 1���2 smaller more slender spiniform setae proximally on inner margin and 3 smaller spiniform setae on outer margin that get progressively smaller proximally; middle and hind legs with numerous large spiniform setae. Forewing (Figs. 31���34, 107��� 108): Length 8.6���10.2 mm; ground color orange; antemedial line excurved medially, wide white band; orbicular and reniform spots absent; postmedial line sinuate, wide white band; fringe pale yellowish white. Hind wing: Ground color black suffused with some grayish pink scales, in some specimens ground color can be mostly grayish pink; fringe white, orange basally. Abdomen: Variable from black with thin, pale yellow apical margins to pale yellowish orange. Second sternite with well developed hair pencil and associated pocket. Male genitalia (Fig. 46): Uncus length 0.34 X length of valve; valve length 5.55 X width, apex round, robust setae along posterior margin; corona with greater than 10 setae; ampulla large 0.10 X length of valve; saccus V-shaped; vesica with 3 1 / 2 coils. Female genitalia (Fig. 66): Papillae anales elongate, triangulate, apex narrowly rounded; eighth segment with fine, elongate spicules; seventh segment with very fine spicules extending onto distal margin, an irregular row of fine, elongate setae proximal to fine spicules, and shorter fine setae sparsely scattered on rest of segment; accessory bursae with three coils; corpus bursae ovate; signa consisting of four elongate scobinate ribbons. Type material. Schinia biforma: Lectotype ♀; five labels: 1) Kerrville, Texas; 2) Barnes Collection (red type); 3) Schinia biforma, ♀ type, Smith (hand written in black ink) [label with red double border; 4) Photograph Pl. 4, No. 4; 5) Lectotype Schinia biforma Smith. Lectotype was designated by Todd (1982). Deposited USNM. Material examined. All specimens are from the National Museum of Natural History (USNM) collection except as noted. (50 ♂, 46 ♀). U.S.A.: COLORADO: BACA CO.: SE of Kim, Rd. # 6 just N of Rd. J, 4850 ft., 6 May 2002 (1 ♀), C. Harp (CEH). NEW MEXICO: UNION CO.: E side Clayton, off Hwy. # 87, 5065 ft., 16 May 2000 (1 ♀), C. Harp (CEH). TEXAS: ANGELINA CO.: Zavalla, Nueces River, 28 Apr. 1910 (1 ♂), F.C. Pratt. BEE CO.: Beeville, 26 Mar. 1981, 7 May 1981, D. & V. Hardwick (CNC). BREWSTER CO.: Alpine, 8���14 July 1928 (2 ♂), O.C. Poling. COKE CO.: 3 mi E of Robert Lee, along Hwy. # 158 W of Double Barrel Creek, 24 Apr. 2004, C. Harp (CEH). COTTLE CO.: Paducah, 9 July 1967 (1 ♀), A. & M.E. Blanchard. HOWARD CO.: 2 mi E of Big Spring, S of refinery, I- 20 at mile marker 180, 2478 ft., 24 Apr. 2002 (3 ♀), C. Harp (CEH); 2 mi S of Big Spring, gas station, roadside along Hwy. # 87, 2667 ft., 24 Apr. 2002 (1 ♂), C. Harp (CEH); 2 mi W of Big Springs, gas station, I- 20 at mile marker 174, 2470 ft., 24 Apr. 2002 (9 ♂, 32 ♀), C. Harp (CEH). KERR CO.: Kerrville, (1 ♂, 1 ♀), Barnes Collection. KIMBLE CO.: Junction, 20 May 1966 (3 ♂, 2 ♀), A. & M.E. Blanchard. LA SALLE CO.: Cotulla, 15 Apr. 1906 (1 ♂), F.C. Pratt. LLANO CO.: Llano River, 22 May 1925 (2 ♂), Barnes Collection. MARTIN CO.: Stanton, gas station, off I- 20, 2660 ft., 24 Apr. 2002 (1 f). SAN PATRICIO CO.: Sinton, Welder Wildlife Refuge, 5 Apr. 1972 (2 ♂), 8 Apr. 1966 (1 ♂), 22 Apr. 1964 (11 ♂, 3 ♀), ♀ genitalia slide USNM 49626, 17 May 1977 (1 ♂), A. & M.E. Blanchard, 17 May 1977 (1 ♂), 18 May 1977 (2 ♂), J.C. & K.G. Shafter, 9 Apr. 1981, 21 Apr. 1981, D.F. Hardwick (CNC); Sinton, Welder Wildlife Foundation, 8 Apr. 1966 (9 ♂), genitalia slide USNM 49590, A. & M.E. Blanchard. UVALDE CO.: Sabinal, May 1910 (1 ♂), F.C. Pratt; Welder Wildlife Refuge, 8 mi NE of Sinton, 380 ft., 26 Apr. 1997 (1 ♀), J. Slotten, 13-15 May 1985 (1 ♀), R. Brown and D. Adamski (CEH). Larval host plant. Huisache Daisy, Amblyolepis setigera DC. (Asteraceae). Biology. Hardwick (1996) gave a detailed description of the life history and larva of S. biforma. The first and second instars feed on the achenes. Third and subsequent instars feed on the corolla tubes and their contents. The fourth instar forms a feeding shelter by drawing all the rays into a cone above the disc florets. Fifth instars may build a feeding shelter, but not as commonly as the fourth instar. All larvae reared had five instars. Flight period. Specimens were most commonly collected from late March through May with a few specimens collected in June and July. They may be partially double brooded due to the two week pupation period that produced the specimens appearing in June and July (Hardwick 1996). Distribution (Fig. 111). Specimens have been collected from scattered localities across Texas covering the southwest in Brewster County, north to Cottle County, the Hill Country, eastern, and southeastern areas. Specimens were recently collected in extreme southeastern Colorado, northeastern New Mexico, and western Oklahoma. Discussion. The forewing color and pattern is constant in S. biforma with the odd specimen having black scales along the terminal line and at the apex. The hind wing can be completely black to completely grayish pink. Specimens also have a variable amount of grayish pink scales mixed with the black., Published as part of Pogue, Michael G., Ouellette, Gary D. & Harp, Charles E., 2013, A revision of the Schinia volupia (Fitch) species complex (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae), pp. 157-191 in Zootaxa 3716 (2) on pages 183-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3716.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/248743

Schinia miniana (Grote) (Figs. 5���10, 35��� 37, 47���49, 59, 93���94, 97 ���100, 102, 104, 110) Rhododipsa miniana Grote, 1881: 175.���Grote 1883: 152.���Smith 1883: 251.���Smith 1891: 53.���Smith 1893: 273.���Dyar 1903: 186.��� Holland 1903: 225.���Barnes and McDunnough 1917: 38.���McDunnough 1938: 104. Schinia miniana: Franclemont and Todd 1983: 158.���Poole 1989: 895.���Myles and Binder 1990: 75 [life history].���Poole and Gentili 1996: 772.���Hardwick 1996: 151. ���Lafontaine and Schmidt 2010: 69. Schinia pallicincta Smith, 1906: 24.��� Franclemont and Todd 1983: 159.���Poole 1989: 896.��� Poole and Gentili 1996: 772.��� Hardwick 1996: 151 [synonym of Schinia miniana]. Rhododipsa pallicincta: Barnes and McDunnough 1917: 38.��� McDunnough 1938: 104. Diagnosis/ Description. Schinia miniana has a pale yellow head, thorax and abdomen. Forewing ground color is pale ochreous with thick, solid, white, antemedial and postmedial lines. The antemedial line is straight from costa to posterior margin and the postmedial line is slightly curved from costa then straight to posterior margin resembling a shallow question mark. Most specimens have an irregular shaped subapical patch of pink to dark reddish-brown scales. In a some specimens these scales represent a remnant of the subterminal line. Hind wing is dark pink to pale ochreous with a wide, dark pink marginal band. Type material. NEOTYPE, ♂, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Labels: 1) Albuquerque, N.M., Snow, August, 1894; 2) Collection Brooklyn Museum. In the original description, Grote (1881) mentions that the specimen he was describing was sent to him by Prof. Snow. A specimen in the USNM collection that was collected by Snow is selected as the neotype to insure nomenclatural stability in this variable group of species. Deposited in the USNM. Material examined. All specimens are from the National Museum of Natural History (USNM) collection except as noted. (106 ♂, 153 ♀). MEXICO: CHIHUAHUA: 16 km S of Chihuahua, 11 July 1947 (1 ♂); Santa Barbara District, Santa Barbara, 18 July 1947 (AMNH), 20 Aug. 1947 (1 ♂). DURANGO: San Juan del Rio, 5200 ft., 31 July 1947, M. Cazier (AMNH). U.S.A.: ARIZONA: COCHISE CO.: Douglas, 16���23 May (1 ♂), July (1 ♂), 1��� 7 July (1 ♂), Aug. (1 ♂), 8���15 Aug. (4 ♂, 9 ♀), 24���31 Aug. (1 ♂), 26 Aug. 1960 (3 ♂, 4 ♀); 5131 Bannock St., Pueblo Del Sol, Huachuca Mts., 14 Apr. 1986 (1 ♂), 2 Aug. 1986 (1 f), R.S. Weilgus; 2.5 mi E of Portal, 13 Aug. 1959, M. Statham (AMNH); Huachuca Mtns., Ash Canyon Rd., 0.5 mi W of Hwy. # 92, Lot # 4, 5100 ft., oakmanzanita grassland, 28 Apr. 1992 (1 ♀), 17 Aug. 1989 (1 ♂), 1 Sep. 1991 (1 ♂), 19 Sep. 1981 (1 ♀), (NMC), 26 Aug. 1989 (1 ♂) (CEH), N. McFarland; Huachuca City along Hwy. # 90 in front of Municipal Building, 4410 ft., 6 Aug. 1999, C. & C. Harp (CEH); E of Sierra Vista along Hwy. # 90, 4560 ft., 3 Aug. 1999 (1 ♀), 4 Aug. 1999 (1 ♀), 4663 ft., 4669 ft., 4 Aug. 1999 (4 ♀), 4517 ft., 4 Aug. 1999 (2 ♀), 4310 ft., 4 Aug. 1999 (5 ♀), 5 Aug. 1999 (1 ♂, 3 ♀), 4156 ft., 6 Aug. 1999 (1 ♂, 3 ♀), C. & C. Harp (CEH); E of San Pedro River along Hwy. # 90, 4764 ft., 3 Aug. 1999, 4156 ft., 5 Aug. 1999, at Misty Ray Road, 4310 ft., 5 Aug. 1999, at municipal shooting range entrance, 4528 ft., 4 Aug. 1999, C. & C. Harp (CEH); Guadalupe Canyon, 28 July 1982, C. Olsen & J. Burne (UAT); 1 mi S of Portal, 26 July 1965, M.A. Cazier (OSUC); 3 km N Palominas, 5 Aug. 1989, B. & J.F. Landry (CNC); Sierra Vista, 11 Sep. 1967, R.F. Sternitsky (CNC). COCONINO CO.: Colorado River, Grand Canyon, mi 194, 13 May 2001 (1 ♂), J. Rundall (NAU). GILA CO.: Globe, 19 Apr. 1935, O. Bryant (AMNH); Sierra Ancha, R. Leuschner (RHL). GREENLEE CO.: Morenci, S of all mining activity, 7851 ft., 2 Aug. 1999, C. Harp (CEH). LA PAZ CO.: 14 km E Wenden, 2000 ft., 9 Mar. 1987, 4 Apr. 1984, D. & V. Hardwick (CNC). MARICOPA CO.: nr. Wickenburg, 21 Apr. 1938 (2 ♂, 2 ♀), 30 Apr. 1938 (5 ♂, 7 ♀) ♂ genitalia slide USNM 50336, J.A. Comstock; Wickenburg, 6 Apr. 1967 (1 ♂), 21 Apr. 1938 (2 ♂, 1 ♀) ♂ genitalia slide USNM 50337, G.H. & J.L. Sperry; 5.3 mi W Aguila, 2000 ft., 26 Apr. 1991, C.B.M. (CNC); Wickenburg, 2000 ft., 20 Apr. 1983, 28 Sep. 1986, D. & V. Hardwick (CNC); nr. Wickenburg, 30 Apr. 1958 J.A. Comstock (CNC). MOHAVE CO.: 22 mi SE Wikieup, 1 Oct. 1969, D.F. Hardwick (CNC). PIMA CO.: Redington, (1 ♂); Tucson, Apr. (1 ♂), D.K. Duncan, 19 Apr. 1958, G.D. Butler, 9 May 1928, A.H. Nichol (UAT), Aug. 1933, O. Bryant (AMNH); E of Tucson, 19-29 Apr. 1988, T.G. Myles (UAT); 5 mi N of Tucson, Oracle Hwy., 20 Aug. 1959, K. Radford (UAT); 2 mi W of Helvetia, SRRR, 8 July 1959, 8 Aug. 1959, F.G. Werner (UAT); Waterman Mt., 22 Apr. 1938 (1 ♂), J.A. Comstock. PINAL CO.: Oracle Jct., 2500 ft., 18 Apr. 1980, D. & V. Hardwick (CNC). SANTA CRUZ CO.: Sonoita. YAVAPAI CO.: Santa Maria River, 16 mi S Bagdad, 27 Mar. 1980, 3 Apr. 1980, 18 Apr. 1990, D. & V. Hardwick (CNC). YUMA CO.: Aztec, 16 Apr. 1938 (1 ♀), F.H. Parker; Laguna Mts., 12 Apr. 1949 (2 f), D.L. Bauer; Quartzite (RHL); Salome (AMNH); 13 mi S Quartzite, 24 Apr. 1991, D.F. & V. Hardwick (CNC). CALIFORNIA: INYO CO.: Olancha, 24���31 May (15 ♂, 17 ♀) m genitalia slide USNM 49907, f genitalia slide USNM 49480, 1 ��� 7 June (7 ♂, 10 ♀) ♂ genitalia slide USNM 49921, 8 ��� 15 June (10 ♂, 18 ♀). KERN CO.: Indian Wells, 8 May 1921 (CNC). MONO CO.: no specific locality (LACM); Mono Lake (CNC). RIVERSIDE CO.: Indio, 5 June 1921 (1 ♂, 2 ♀), E. Piazza, 31 Mar. 1941 (AMNH); Palm Desert, 8 Apr. 1955, 27 Apr. 1953, A.H. & S.K. Rindge (AMNH); Hopkin���s Well (RHL); La Quinta, 14 Mar. 1955, May 1955, D.F. Hardwick (CNC); Thousand Palms, 3 Apr. 1955 (1 ♂), D.F. Hardwick (EHM), 1 Apr. 1955, J.E.H. Martin (CNC), 5 Apr. 1955, D.F. Hardwick (CNC), 1 Sep. 1955, J.E.H. Martin (CNC). SAN BERNARDINO CO.: Clark Mtn., 27 May 1938 (4 ♂); Mountain Pass Station, May 1973 (1 ♂), 23 May 1969 (1 ♂), 15 June 1974 (1 ♂), 7 July 1971 (1 ♂, 1 ♀), 11 Aug. 1972 (1 ♀), 14 Sep. 1972 (2 ♂); near Barstow, 10 May 1940 (2 ♂), C. Ingham; Victorville, 20 May 1938 (1 ♀); Wheaton Springs, rest stop US 466, 3 May 1969 (1 ♀); Yermo, Apr. 1939 (2 ♂, 2 ♀), G. Beevor, Apr. 1939 (AMNH), 29 Apr. 1937, G. Beevor (CNC); Needles, 2 Apr. 1986, R. Robertson (AMNH); 15 mi N Needles, 3 Apr. 1986 (1 ♂, 1 ♀), R. Robertson (EHM); nr. Barstow, 10 May 1940, C. Ingham (AMNH); Clark Mtns., 8 May 1938 (AMNH); 18 mi NNW Cima, 14 Apr. 1986, D. & V. Hardwick (CNC); 2 mi S Kelso, 2400 ft., 14 Apr. 1986, 30 Apr. 1986, D. & V. Hardwick (CNC); Halloran Springs, 14 mi E Baker, 15 Apr. 1964 (CNC); Ivanpah, New York Mts, 3700 ft., 14 Sep. 1990, D. & V. Hardwick (CNC). SAN DIEGO CO.: Borego Valley, 13 Apr. 1941 (1 ♀), R.R. McElvare; San Diego, (1 ♀); Ocotillo (CNC). COLORADO: PUEBLO CO.: North Pueblo, 20 Aug. 1957, M. May (AMNH). NEVADA: CLARK CO.: No specific locality, 16���23 May (1 f), 8��� 15 June (1 ♀); Christmas Tree Pass, E of Las Vegas, 3 Apr. 1986 (1 ♀), R. & J. Robertson (CSU, AMNH); Mojave Desert, Hwy. # 160, 3 mi W of Blue Diamond Rd., 3476 ft., 30 Apr. 2001, on Baileya multiradiata, C. & C. Harp (CEH); Mojave Desert, Hwy. # 160, 2 mi N of Hwy. # 159, 3486 ft., 30 Apr. 2001, on Baileya multiradiata, C. & C. Harp (CEH); Mojave Desert, E of Blue Diamond Rd., 3022 ft., 30 Apr. 2001, on Baileya multiradiata, C. & C. Harp (CEH); SW Las Vegas, Hwy. 160, Blue Diamond Rd., 3476 ft., 30 Apr. 2001 (6 ♀), on Baileya multiradiata, C. & C. Harp (CEH); SE of Pahrump, Hwy. # 160, Mojave Desert, 3335ft., 30 Apr. 2001 (2 f), on Baileya multiradiata, C. & C. Harp (CEH); SE of Pahrump, Hwy. # 160, Mojave Desert, 4875 ft., 19 May 2002 (7 ♀), on Baileya multiradiata, C. & C. Harp (CEH); Searchlight, N end of town along Hwy. # 95, 3563 ft., 29 Apr. 2001 (4 ♀), C. Harp (CEH); Searchlight, 18 Apr. 1987, R. & J. Robertson (AMNH); Spring Mtns., 9.3 mi W of Hwy. # 95, 27 Apr. 1987, 1 May 1977, G.T. Austin (NSLV); Spring Mtns., Red Cloud Mine, 26 Apr. 1987, G.T. Austin (NSLV); Spring Mtns., Hwy. 3160, 5 mi W of Blue Diamond Mtn. Rd., 1 Sep. 1984, G.T. Austin (NSLV); Cottonwood Pass Rd., 1 mi S of Hwy. # 160, 28 Mar. 1986, 21 Apr. 1980, G.T. Austin (NSLV); Carp-Elgin Rd. at Hwy. I- 15, 23 Apr. 1983, G.T. Austin (NSLV); Hwy. # 93, 6.3 mi NE of Hwy. I- 15, 19 Apr. 1981, G.T. Austin (NSLV); Virgin Mtns., Gold Butte Rd., 8 mi E of Riverside, 15 Apr. 1981, G.T. Austin (NSLV); Virgin Mtns., Cabin Canyon, 25 Apr. 1980, G.T. Austin (NSLV); Valley of Fire, 24 May 1938 (AMNH). LINCOLN CO.: Mormon Mtns., Carp-Elgin Rd.,7.2 mi N of Hwy. I- 15, 23 Apr. 1983, G.T. Austin (NSLV); Kane Springs Wash Rd., 11.5 mi E of Hwy. # 93, 26 Apr. 1980 G.T. Austin (NSLV). NYE CO.: Mercury, 8 Aug. 1965 (1 ♂). NEW MEXICO: southern [no specific locality], 1���10 Sep. (1 ♂, 1 ♀), Poling. BERNALILLO CO.: Albuquerque, 1625 Roma NE, 5000 ft., 22 June 1976, R. Holland (RHA); Tijeras Canyon at Four Hills, Albuquerque, 5900 ft., 28 May 1968, R. Holland (RHA). DONA ANA CO.: Del Norte, 12 Sep. 1994, J. Adams (JKA); Franklin Mts., lower bajada, west side of Hwy. I- 10, 0.1 mi N of state line (E of Anthony), 1200 m, rest area on sandy desert, 1 Sep. 1997 (1 ♂), 25 Sep. 1995 (1 f), R.D. Worthington (UTEP); Las Cruces, 2 Sep. 1958 (1 ♀), G.L. Nielsen (NMSU); Leasburg State Park, 4000 ft., 15 June 1979, R. Holland (RHA); Radium Springs, Leasburg Dam State Park, 14 Aug. 1995 (1 ♂), M. & P.H. Arnaud, Jr. GRANT CO.: Silver City, 21 Aug. 1963 (1 ♀), G.L. Nielsen (NMSU); St. Rt. 90 at Gold Gulch Rd., 6325 ft., 9 Aug. 1999 (1 ♂), DJ. Wright (DJW). HIDALGO CO.: 2.5 mi N Rodeo, 6 Sep. 1960, H. Howden (CNC). LUNA CO.: Pancho Villa State Park, Columbus, 4200 ft., 24 July 1979, R. Holland (RHA). SANDOVAL CO.: Frijoles Canyon, 30 July 1942, C.A. Thomas (AMNH). SIERRA CO.: 8 mi E of Hillsboro on roadside on Hwy. 152, 26 July 1991 (1 ♂), C. Harp (CEH); 1 mi E of Caballo River, Caballo Creek, 29 July 1999 (2 ♂, 14 ♀), P. Opler & E. Buckner (CSU). SOCORRO CO.: Bosque del Apache NWR, 4 Aug. 1999 (1 ♀), D.J. Wright (DJW); 12 mi W Socorro, 6700 ft., 12 Sep. 1971, D.F. Hardwick (CNC). TORRANCE CO.: 6 mi N of Gran Quivira National Monument, along Hwy. # 55, east shoulder, 6531 ft., 8 Aug. 2002 (3 ♀), on Gaillardia pulchella, C. Harp (CEH). TEXAS: BREWSTER CO.: Big Bend National Park, Oak Spring, 2 Apr. 1965 (1 ♂) genitalia slide USNM 49477, 30 June 1965 (1 f), 5 Oct. 1965 (1 f), 6 Oct. (1 ♂), A. & M.E. Blanchard; Big Bend National Park, Gov. Spring, 3 Sep. 1964 (1 ♀), 23 Sep. 1963 (2 ♂), 29 Sep. 1965 (2 ♂), 6 Oct. 1967 (1 ♀), A. & M.E. Blanchard; Big Bend National Park, Dugout Wells, 2 July 1965 (2 ♂, 1 ♀) ♂ genitalia slide USNM 49478, 7 Aug. 1964 (1 ♀), 29 Aug. 1965 (1 ♂), A. & M.E. Blanchard; Big Bend National Park, 6000 ft., 25 Apr. 1959, A. Blanchard (AMNH); Big Bend National Park, The Basin, 4 May 1959 (1 ♀), M.R. MacKay (EHM); Big Bend National Park, Basin Area, 28 May 1959, B. Howden (AMNH); Big Bend National Park, Tomillo Flats, 2800 ft., 1 May 1959, W.R. Mason, 25 May 1959, Howden & Baker (CNC); Big Bend National Park, The Basin, 28 Apr. 1959, 4 May 1959, M.R. MacKay (CNC). CULBERSON CO.: 10 mi N of Van Horn, 2 Sep. 1979 (1 ♂); Cherry Canyon, Guadalupe Mountains, 24 May 1973 (1 ♀), D.C. Ferguson; Guadalupe National Park, 6���8 Sep. 1991, E. Knudson (ECK). EL PASO CO.: El Paso, E. Montana Hwy., 20���24 Sep. 1995, E.C. Knudson (CEH); I- 10 rest stop at Fabens, 10 Aug. 2005 (1 ♂), J.K. & E.R. Adams (JKA). JEFF DAVIS CO.: Davis Mtns., R. Leuschner (RHL). PECOS CO.: no specific locality (LACM). PRESIDIO CO.: Big Bend State Natural Area, Sandeda Ranch, 4200 ft., 7 Oct. 1995 (1 ♀), Bohuslavek & Worthington (UTEP); Marfa, 11 Sep. 1960 (1 ♂), R.R. McElvare; Shafter, 31 May 1973 (1 ♂), D.C. Ferguson, 9 Sep. 1969 (2 ♀) genitalia slide USNM 50619, A. & M.E. Blanchard. REEVES CO.: no specific locality (LACM). TERRELL CO.: Sanderson, 9 Sep. 1996, J.K. Adams (JKA). VAL VERDE CO.: no specific locality (ECK). UTAH: No specific locality, (2 ♂), southwest, no specific locality, (1 ♀). WASHINGTON CO.: Hurricane, 8���15 June (2 ♀); Beaver Dam Wash, 19 Apr. 1986, R. Mower (AMNH), 19 Apr. 1986, Mower (CNC). Larval host plant. There are three recorded larval host plants for S. miniana all in the genus Baileya. Hosts include Baileya pleniradiata Harv. & A. Gray ex A. Gray, Woolly desert marigold, B. multiradiata Harv. & A. Gray ex A. Gray, desert marigold, B. pauciradiata Harv. & A. Gray ex A. Gray, laxflower (Asteraceae). Biology. Myles and Binder (1990) and Hardwick (1996) detail the life history of S. miniana. As with the other species, S. miniana has a life history where the first instar larva bores into a corolla tube and feeds on its contents. During the second and third instar the larva continues to feed on the corolla tube. Prior to molting into the third instar the larva ties together frass and floral parts to form a nest within the floral head and continues feeding. During the fourth and fifth instars the larva ties down some of the rays over the disk flowers to form a feeding shelter and feed on the seeds. Flight period. Based on collection dates, S. miniana is multiple brooded with a spring brood flying from March through May, a smaller summer brood in June and July, and a third summer/autumn brood flying in August and September, with a few specimens collected in early October. Distribution (Fig. 110). Specimens have been collected from Pueblo County, Colorado, southeastern Arizona and central and southern New Mexico to west Texas. In Mexico records are from northern Chihuahua south to the city of Chihuahua. Discussion. The forewing color and pattern of Schinia miniana is somewhat variable in the amount of pink present with specimens from the western part of S. miniana ���s range tending to lack pink scales in the forewing. Specimens from further east, including those from southern Arizona eastward to Texas, have pink scales at the apex and in the terminal area. The hind wing varies from pale gray to dark gray to dark pink. Specimens from southern California east to central Arizona and Utah with gray hind wings were described as Schinia pallicincta by Smith. The hind wing coloration can be completely gray to variably suffused with pink scales in the same populations (ie. Olancha, Inyo Co., California; Wickenburg, Mariposa Co., Arizona). As the distribution of S. miniana extends eastward the amount of pink in the hind wing tends to increase. Most specimens from southern California are gray to gray slightly suffused with pink. In Arizona, Nevada, and Utah specimens can be gray to pink. Specimens from New Mexico and Texas are mostly pink., Published as part of Pogue, Michael G., Ouellette, Gary D. & Harp, Charles E., 2013, A revision of the Schinia volupia (Fitch) species complex (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae), pp. 157-191 in Zootaxa 3716 (2) on pages 178-181, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3716.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/248743

Genus Schinia H��bner, 1818 Type species: Noctua scutosa [Denis & Schifferm��ller], 1775 by original designation Synonymy: Euclidia H��bner, 1808; Melicleptria H��bner, [1823]; Anthoecia Boisduval, 1840; Alaria [Duncan & Westwood], 1841; Trypana Guen��e, 1841; Oria Guen��e, 1852; Rhodophora Guen��e, 1852; Tamila Guen��e, 1852; Euleucyptera Grote, 1865; Lygranthoecia Grote & Robinson, 1873; Tricopis Grote, 1874; Adonisea Grote, 1875; Heliophana Grote, 1875; Oxylos Grote, 1875; Pippona Harvey, 1875; Porrima Grote, 1877; Rhododipsa Grote, 1877; Bessula Grote, 1881; Dasyspoudaea Smith, 1882; Pseudotamila Smith, 1883; Canidia Grote, 1890; Eupanychis Grote, 1890; Trichosellus Grote, 1890; Thyreion Smith, 1891; Incita Grote, 1895; Palada Smith, 1900; Chlorocleptria Hampson, 1903; Heliothis Hampson, 1903; Tricraterifrontia Berio, 1940; Trilenca Neave, 1940; Uollega Berio, 1945; Protoschinia Hardwick, 1970; Purpurschinia Beck, 1996., Published as part of Matov, Alexej, Zahiri, Reza & Holloway, Jeremy D., 2008, The Heliothinae of Iran (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), pp. 1-37 in Zootaxa 1763 on page 12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181966

Schinia scutosa ([Denis & Schifferm��ller], 1775) Pl. 1, fig. 7; male genitalia Pl. 5, fig. 26; female genitalia Pl. 8, fig. 42. Noctua scutosa [Denis & Schifferm��ller], 1775, Ank. Eines Sys. Werkes von den Schmett. Der Wienergegend: 89 (TL.: [Austria]: Vienna district). Synonymy: Heliothis nuchalis Grote, 1878. References: Bienert 1870; Christoph 1873 (Heliothis scutosus); Schwingenschuss 1938; Wiltshire 1945; Barou 1967; Modarres Awal 1994; 1997; 1999 (Melicleptria scutosa); Kalali 1976 (Chloridea scutosa); Hacker 1990; Ebert & Hacker 2002 (Protoschinia scutosa); Hacker 2001 (Schinia scutosa). Bionomics: Multivoltine, usually considered as bivoltine (Hacker 2001). Moths flying from April to September on elevations up to 2350 m. The main habitats of taxon are grass and Artemisia steppes. The early stages have been described by Hampson (1903), Spuler (1908), Forster & Wohlfahrt (1971), Bretherton et al. (1979) and Skou (1991). The larvae mostly feed on flowers and seeds of species of Artemisia and Chenopodium. Distribution: Holarctic. Europe, North Africa, Near East, Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Kazakhstan, Central Asia, south Siberia, Mongolia, Far East, China, north India, North America. ��� In Iran (Pl. 10, fig. 55) occurs in northern provinces. Material examined: 61 specimens from provinces West Azerbaijan (= Azerbaijan Gharbi), East Azerbaijan (= Azerbaijan Sharghi), Ardebil, Mazandaran, Guilan, Golestan, Khorasan and Tehran, collected between 14.IV to 30.IX on elevations from 0 to 2350 m., Published as part of Matov, Alexej, Zahiri, Reza & Holloway, Jeremy D., 2008, The Heliothinae of Iran (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), pp. 1-37 in Zootaxa 1763 on pages 12-13, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181966

Schinia maculata Pogue, new species (Figs. 3, 10–11, 16–17) Schinia blanca Hardwick 1996: 185, nomen nudum. Diagnosis. Schinia maculata is one of the "white" species of Schinia. It looks similar to S. unimacula Smith, but the reniform spot is much larger in S. maculata than in S. unimacula. The known distributions of these two species are not even close to one another. Schinia maculata is known from the Welder Wildlife Refuge, Sinton, San Patricio County, and 10 mi S of Falfurrias, Brooks Coounty, in southeastern Texas; S. unimacula is distributed from the panhandle of Oklahoma west to California, south to central New Mexico and Arizona, and north to Oregon, Washington, and Idaho (Pogue and Harp 2003a). The only "white" species that is sympatric with S. maculata is S. chrysellus (Grote). The distinct reniform spot in S. maculata easily distinguishes it from the smaller reniform spot that is coalesced with the median band in S. chrysellus. The forewing color is shiny white in S. chrysellus and not shiny in S. maculata. Another species with which S. maculata could be confused is S. nundina (Drury). Schinia nundina has an almost identical reniform spot, but the rest of the forewing has many more tan maculations than S. maculata. Description. Male: Head: Vertex white with brown­tipped scales, frons bulbous, ventral lip not produced, cream. Labial palp short, barely extending past frons, white. Antenna filiform, scape and dorsal scales white. Eyes globular. Thorax: Patagium, tegula, meso­ and metathorax with flat scales white, fewer white hair­like scales intermixed. Venter white. Foreleg with inside of femur brown and outside white; tibia length equal to basitarsus, cream, inner side with 1 robust, flat spine and 3 smaller spines, outer side with 4 flat spines that become smaller from base to apex; tarsi darker cream than tibia with white apical rings. Middle and hind legs with white femur, cream tibia, and slightly darker cream tarsi with white apical rings, hind leg tends to be overall paler than middle leg. Forewing: Male length 13.0–13.8 mm (n = 5). Ground color white; basal area concolorous with ground color; antemedial line faint, consists of a few brown and pale rufous scales medially; orbicular spot absent; reniform spot black, centered with white; postmedial line sinuate, white, bordered with cream scales and a few brown scales proximally and with a broad band of cream scales and more patches of brown scales distally; subapical spot distinct, black; small black spots between veins along outer margin; fringe white. Underside ground color white; reniform spot dark gray to black; subterminal band from costa to posterior margin, dark brown at costa becoming fainter and lighter in color toward posterior margin. Hindwing: Ground color white; discal spot a faint bar, gray; marginal band brown interrupted by white medially; fringe white. Abdomen: White with underlying gray scales, genital tuft cream. Genitalia (Figs. 10–11): Uncus elongate (0.43 X valve length). Valve wide (length 5.5 X width), costal margin slightly curved; ampulla large (0.13 X valve length); corona present; sacculus well developed and greatly produced; posterior margin evenly curved. Juxta quadrate, distal margin heavily sclerotized, forming a distinct bar along margin. Saccus a narrow V­shape. Aedoeagus slightly curved, dorsal patch of dense minute spicules; vesica with 2 coils and minute spicules. Female. As in male except forewing length 13–15 mm (n = 3). Genitalia (Figs. 16–17): Papillae anales knife­like, apex pointed. Ovipositor non­telescopic. Anterior and posterior apophyses wide and robust. Eighth segment with fine spicules; distal margin elongate, stout setae. Ostium bursae lightly sclerotized, minute spicules present. Ductus bursae narrow, approximately 0.15 X length. Appendix bursae with 3 coils. Corpus bursae ovate; signa composed of 4 scobinate bars. Holotype ♂, in USNM, with the following labels: 1) Sinton, Welder Wildlife Refuge, Texas, 10­X­64, A & ME Blanchard; 2) USNM ENT 00144152 [bar code label]; 3) Holotype ♂, Schinia maculata Pogue. Paratypes. 4 ♂, 3 ♀. Same data as holotype except, 9 Oct. 1964 (1♂), 10 Oct. 1964 (1♂), 11 Oct. 1964 (1♂, 1♀), ♂ genitalia slide USNM 49592, ♀ genitalia slide USNM 49630, 12 Oct. 1964 (1♂, 2♀); Brooks Co., 10 mi. S of Falfurrias, U.S. 281 rest area, 28 Oct. 2002 (1♂), Bordelon and Knudson (ECK). Flight period. Mid­October. Distribution. Known only from southeastern Texas. Discussion. Hardwick (1996) created a nomen nudum by not describing S. blanca using descriptive words, simply stating "... as illustrated in figure..." The sexes are similar and there seems to be little individual variation. Etymology. The species epithet refers to the distinct reniform spot on the forewing., Published as part of Pogue, Michael G., 2006, Nomenclatural validation of three North American species of Heliothinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and the adult description of Heliolonche joaquinensis Hardwick, pp. 25-36 in Zootaxa 1283 (1283) on pages 31-32, {"references":["Hardwick, D. F. (1996) A monograph to the North American Heliothentinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). David F. Hardwick, Ottawa, Ontario, 281 pp.","Pogue, M. G. & Harp, C. E. (2003 a). Revised status of Schinia unimacula Smith including morphological comparisons with Schinia obliqua Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae). ZOOTAXA, 226, 1 - 8."]}

Schinia angulilinea Pogue, new species (Figs. 1, 6–7, 14–15) Schinia arizonensis Hardwick 1996: 135, nomen nudum. Diagnosis. Schinia angulilinea shares a similar forewing pattern with S. crotchii (H. Edwards). The postmedial line in S. angulilinea is distinctly angulate between veins M1 and M2, whereas in S. crotchii this line is only slightly curved. The hindwing ground color in S. angulilinea is pale yellow to orange and white in S. crotchii. The angulate postmedial line in S. angulilinea is similar to the same line in S. edwardsii (Smith). These two species are easily separated based on forewing length, which is larger in S. angulilinea (12–14 mm) than in S. edwardsii (9–10.5 mm). The forewing pattern is more delineated and the hindwing ground color is a brighter yellow with a more distinct discal spot in S. edwardsii than in S. angulilinea. Description. Male: Head: Vertex white with brown­tipped scales, frons bulbous, ventral lip not produced, white with brown­tipped scales. Labial palp with white and light brown flat scales, hairlike scales white and light brown with longer scales ventrally and shorter ones dorsally. Antenna filiform, scape and dorsal scales white. Eyes globular. Thorax: Patagium, tegula, meso­ and metathorax with hairlike scales white, white tipped with light brown and white tipped with fuscous; flat scales underlying hairlike ones a mixture of white and white tipped fuscous. Venter cream. Foreleg with femur white and light brown, ventral hairlike scales cream; tibia shorter than basitarsus, light brown and white, inner side with 1 large and 2 smaller spines, outer side with 2 large spines; tarsi light brown with white apical rings. Middle leg and tarsi brown mixed with some white scales. Hind leg white mixed with some brown scales, tarsi white. Forewing: Male length 12–14 mm (n = 8). Basal area proximal to antemedial line a mixture of light brown and fuscous scales; antemedial line white, at costa line faint and slightly curved proximally to Cu vein, from Cu vein to posterior margin line distinct and greatly curved distally; orbicular spot oval, light brown ringed with fuscous; reniform spot light brown bordered with fuscous proximally and distally; postmedial line with a distinct bulge between veins M1 and M2, white, bordered with fuscous distally; subterminal line straight, white; small fuscous triangular spots between veins along outer margin; veins white; fringe mixed with light fuscous and white scales. Underside ground color cream; orbicular and reniform spots fuscous; angulate gray band from costa to posterior margin. Hindwing: Ground color pale yellow to orange; discal spot rectangular, fuscous; marginal band fuscous with a short pale yellow bar along margin; fringe white with fuscous basally. Abdomen: Gray dorsally with lighter scales along distal margins of tergites; gray mixed with white ventrally, white scales tending to be more concentrated along distal margins of sternites; hair pencils absent, scent pockets vestigial on second sternite. Genitalia (Figs. 6–7): Uncus moderately elongate (0.37 X valve length). Valve wide (length 5.5 X width), costal margin gently curved; ampulla large (0.07 X valve length); corona present; sacculus well developed and greatly produced; posterior margin evenly curved. Juxta quadrate, distal margin a sharp median projection, patch of small spines in membranous area distal to juxta. Saccus V­shaped. Aedoeagus slightly curved, dorsal patch of dense minute spicules; vesica with 2 coils and minute spicules. Female. As in male except forewing length 11–13 mm (n = 2). Genitalia (Figs. 14–15): Papillae anales semi­circular, apex round. Ovipositor semi­telescopic. Anterior and posterior apophyses thin and slight. Eighth segment with fine spicules; distal margin with fine, medium­sized setae. Ostium bursae lightly sclerotized, U­shaped, minute spicules present. Ductus bursae wide, approximately 0.25 X length. Appendix bursae with 2 coils. Corpus bursae ovate, apex slightly produced; signa composed of 2 scobinate bars. Holotype ♂, in USNM, with the following labels: 1) White Mts., Ariz. June 25, 1930; 2) USNM ENT 00143399 [bar code label]; 3) Holotype ♂, Schinia angulilinea Pogue. Paratypes. 7 ♂, 2 ♀. ARIZONA: White Mts., [no date] (1♂), genitalia slide USNM 49618, June 25, 1930 (2♂, 1♀), ♀ genitalia slide USNM 49619, July 25, 1930 (1♂), July 25­27, 1930 (1♂), Aug. 2, 1930, (1♂) genitalia slide USNM 46857; Apache Co., White Mts., 25 mi W Springerville, 10,000 ft., 25 July 1930 (1♂), E. R. Tinkham (CNC) (Hardwick holotype); Cochise Co., Huachuca Mts., Ramsey Canyon, 11 Sep. 1967 (1♀), R. F. Sternitzky (CNC). Flight period. Late June to early September. Distribution. Known only from Apache and Cochise counties in eastern Arizona. Discussion. Hardwick (1996) created a nomen nudum by not describing S. arizonensis using descriptive words, but stated "... as illustrated in the figure." According to Hardwick (1996), S. angulilinea had been confused with S. edwardsii until he examined the holotype of S. edwardsii and concluded that they were distinct species. The distribution of S. edwardsii is from northwestern Wyoming west to Montana, Idaho, and eastern Oregon. Schinia angulilinea is known only from eastern Arizona. Etymology. The species epithet is a compound latin word meaning angled line, referring to the distinct angle in the postmedial line of the forewing., Published as part of Pogue, Michael G., 2006, Nomenclatural validation of three North American species of Heliothinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and the adult description of Heliolonche joaquinensis Hardwick, pp. 25-36 in Zootaxa 1283 (1283) on pages 26-28, {"references":["Hardwick, D. F. (1996) A monograph to the North American Heliothentinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). David F. Hardwick, Ottawa, Ontario, 281 pp."]}

Schinia erythrias Pogue, new species (Figs. 2, 8–9) Schinia pulchra Hardwick 1996: 164, nomen nudum. Diagnosis. Schinia erythrias has a pinkish cast to the maculation of the forewing, which is similar in S. buta Smith and the pink form of S. oleagina Morrison from California. The difference between S. erythrias and the other two species is in the width of the antemedial and postmedial lines, which are wider in S. erythrias than in either S. buta or S. oleagina. The distributions are also distinct. Schinia erythrias is known only from the type locality in Durango, Mexico, whereas S. oleagina is distributed in the southwest from California to Texas, and S. buta is known from southern California. Description. Male: Head: Vertex cream with a pale flush of pink, frons flat, ventral lip not produced, white. Labial palp white. Antenna filiform, scape and dorsal scales white. E yes globular. Thorax: Patagium, tegula, meso­ and metathorax with hairlike scales creamcolored flushed with pink. Venter white. Foreleg femur white; tibia longer than basitarsus, cream­colored with a few pinkish scales medially on inner margin, inner side with 2 robust, flat spines and 1 smaller spine, outer side with 3 flat spines that become smaller from base to apex; tarsi white, with a few pinkish scales. Middle and hind legs white; tarsi white. Forewing: Male length 12–13 mm (n = 4). Ground color pale pink; basal area concolorous with ground color; antemedial line thin, curved, cream; orbicular spot absent; reniform spot absent; postmedial line sinuate, white; fringe white. Underside ground color white with a faint horizontal band of pinkish scales along R vein. Hindwing: Ground color pink; discal spot absent; marginal band absent; fringe white. Abdomen: Cream­colored; hair pencils and scent pockets absent. Genitalia (Figs. 8–9): Uncus short (0.32 X valve length), robust. Valve moderately elongate (length 6.7 X width), costal margin slightly angled at 4/5 length; ampulla minute (0.03 X valve length); posterior margin angled at 3/4 length with several stout hairs, corona present; sacculus well developed and greatly produced. Juxta broadly rounded ventrally, dorsal margin angled toward middle with a round apex resembling an inverted V­shape. Saccus a narrow V­shape. Aedoeagus slightly curved, dorsal patch of dense minute spicules; vesica with more than 2 coils and minute spicules. Female. Unknown. Holotype ♂, in CAS, with the following labels: 1) Mex. Durango, 6 mi N Nomber de Dios, VIII­20­60; 2) P.H. Arnaud, Jr., E.S. Ross, D.C. Rentz; 3) Holotype Schinia pulchra Hardwick, 4) Holotype ♂, Schinia erythrias Pogue. Paratypes. 3 ♂. Same data as holotype; ♂ genitalia slide MGP 1200. Flight period. Late August. Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Durango, Mexico. Discussion. Hardwick (1996) created a nomen nudum by failing to use descriptive words in his description of S. pulchra, stating "... as illustrated in Figure...." Even if Hardwick (1996) had described Schinia pulchra Hardwick in a valid manner, it would have been a junior homonym of Schinia pulchra Köhler (Köhler 1953). Etymology. The species epithet refers to the pinkish maculation of the forewing., Published as part of Pogue, Michael G., 2006, Nomenclatural validation of three North American species of Heliothinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and the adult description of Heliolonche joaquinensis Hardwick, pp. 25-36 in Zootaxa 1283 (1283) on pages 28-29, {"references":["Hardwick, D. F. (1996) A monograph to the North American Heliothentinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). David F. Hardwick, Ottawa, Ontario, 281 pp.","Kohler, P. (1953) Neuvas especies de Heterocera (Lep.). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 16, 15 - 24."]}

Schinia ciliata Smith (Figs. 12 ���13, 19, 24, 32���33, 42���43, 49) Schinia ciliata Smith 1900: 488 ��� Dyar 1903: 190.��� Barnes and McDunnough 1917: 39.��� Franclemont and Todd 1983: 159.��� Poole 1989: 893.��� Poole and Gentili 1996: 771.��� Hardwick 1996: 187. Diagnosis. Schinia ciliata most resembles S. rufocostulata Pogue and Harp, but the forewing fascia in ciliata varies in coloration from cinnamon to a mixture of rufous and black scales, and in rufocostulata the band is a bright immaculate rufous. The female papillae analis is narrower in ciliata with a pointed apex and in rufocostulata it is wider and the apex is more rounded. Schinia ciliata can be confused with specimens of chrysellus and chryselloides in which the median band is narrow and the reniform spot is more offset from the band. They can be separated by the coloration of the small patch of scales at the forewing apex. In chrysellus there is no distinct patch, but the apex is concolorous with the terminal band, in chryselloides this area has a few black scales, and in ciliata this area is rufous. Description. Male. Head: Frons cream, ventral lip produced (Fig. 19); vertex dark rufous; labial palp long, extends beyond frons, white; eyes large and globular. Thorax: Scales wide, dark rufous or white with dark rufous tips; fore femur cinnamon with a few white scales basally on outer surface, long fringe white, rufous at apex; tibia cinnamon, white in apical third, largest spine on inner side slender, round, 2 very slender spines dorsal to it, outer side with 2 slender spines and 1���2 very slender spines that become progressively shorter proximally; tarsi dirty white to grayish��brown with white apical rings; middle femur white to rufous; tibia cinnamon to rufous with white apical ring; tarsi cinnamon to grayish��brown with white apical rings; hind femur white; tibia pale cinnamon; tarsi pale cinnamon with white apical rings; underside white. Forewing: Length 9.04���11.07, mean 10.36 + 0.57 mm (n= 10). Ground color shiny white; basal patch cinnamon to rufous; median band narrow with slightly curved margins that can be black, cinnamon to rufous and variably overscaled with black; reniform spot round, concolorous with median band, can be variously ringed with black scales, narrowly contiguous with median band; terminal band white, apical spot cinnamon to rufous, inner margin an irregular cinnamon to rufous line, 4 black spots at margin between veins from apex to mid��wing; fringe white with brown tipped scales at apex; underside pale gray to gray, apical patch white, variably distinct white band at approximately 2 / 3 length below end of discal cell, white along posterior margin. Hindwing: Ground color shiny white; marginal band absent to faint, if present scales are brown to gray; fringe white. Abdomen: White; scent pockets and hair pencils on second sternite absent. Genitalia (Figs. 32���33): Uncus elongate, approximately 0.31���0.35 times length of valve, apex blunt with small hook; valve moderately elongate to elongate (length approximately 7.4��� 10 X width), costal margin gently curved, posterior margin angulate at 2 / 3 length, apex round; ampulla short (0.03 length of valve); corona with stout spines; sacculus with ventral margin produced; juxta rectangular, height greater than width, ventral margin U��shaped and more sclerotized than rest of juxta; saccus Vshaped; aedoeagus slightly curved, dorsodistal third with fine spines; vesica emerging ventrally, basal diverticulum present, 3 coils; cornuti finely scobinate. Female. As in male except forewing length 9.45���11.2, 10.24 + 0.61 mm (n= 10). Genitalia (Figs. 42���43): Papilla analis a curved elongate triangle, apex pointed; posterior apophysis approximately 0.83���0.88 X length of anterior apophysis; ductus bursae membranous, elongate; appendix bursae shorter than corpus bursae, with 3 coils; corpus bursae ovate; signa 4 scobinate bars. Type material. Schinia ciliata Smith: Female holotype is in USNM. Type locality: Hot Springs, New Mexico. Type examined. Biology. Hardwick (1996) noted that ciliata larvae feed on broom snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae (Asteraceae)) from observations of a population at Wickenburg, Arizona. This perennial plant occurs in dry, open, shortgrass and mixed prairies and accounts for ciliata specimen records across its range, except in the northern plains of Wyoming and Montana where the moth has not yet been reported. Distribution (Fig. 49). Southern California east to Utah, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, western Kansas and Oklahoma, and scattered throughout Texas. Material Examined. All specimens are from the National Museum of Natural History (USNM) collection except as noted. U.S.A.: ARIZONA: COCHISE CO. Paradise, (1 ��) Barnes Coll., 1925 (1 ��, 1 ��), O. Duffner, June (1 ��), 1��� 7 Oct. (1 ��), Barnes Coll.; Portal, Portal Lodge, 4700 ft., 11 Sep. 1994 (5 ��), J.K. Adams (CEH); 1 mi S Portal, Cave Creek Ranch, 29���31 Aug. 1969 (1 ��), 29���30 Aug. 1971 (1 ��), E.G. Linsley (UCB); Portal, Portal Lodge at blacklights @ 4700 ft., 11 Sep. 1994 (5 ��), J.K. Adams (CEH); Portal, 4���7 Sep. 1964, W. Gertsch (AMNH). COCONINO CO. Colorado River, Grand Canyon, river mile 166.5 L, old high water, 1 Sep. 2003 (2 ��), R.J. Delph (NAU). GILA CO. Globe, 19 Sep. 1933 (1 ��), 21 Sep. 1933 (1 ��), �� genitalia slide USNM 48027, Parker; Globe (LACM). MARICOPA CO. Wickenburg, 2000 ft., em. Oct. 1987 (1 ��, 2 ��), reared from egg, 28 Sep. 1986 (1 ��), 29 Sep. 1986 (1 ��), D. & V. Hardwick (CNC). MOHAVE CO. No specific locality, 24���31 Aug. (1 ��), Barnes Coll.; Colorado River, Grand Canyon, mi 198.0 R, new high water, 9 Sep. 2001 (2 ��), J. Rundall (NAU); Wikieup, 3400 ft., 1 Oct. 1969 (2 ��), D.F. Hardwick (CNC). PIMA CO. Redington, (2 ��), Barnes Coll. CALIFORNIA: LOS ANGELES CO. 2 mi n Pinyon Flats, Palms to Pines Hwy., 1 Sep. 1946 (2 ��, 2 ��), C.I. Smith (UCB). RIVERSIDE CO. Palm Springs Sta., 9 Oct. 1955 (1 ��), J.W. McSwain (UCB); Pinyon Crest, 22 Aug. 1987, R. Leuschner (AMNH). SAN BERNARDINO CO. Ivanpah Mountains, 21 Sep. 1940 (1 ��), C. Henne; Providence Mts. 3 Oct. 1937 (1 ��), D. Meadows; New York Mountains, 4400 ft., 24 Sep. 1990 (2 ��), D. & V. Hardwick (CNC); Keystone Canyon, New York Mountains, 31 Aug. 1941 (1 ��), C.I. Smith (UCB); Mountain Pass Station, Ivanpah Mts., 22 Aug. 1946 (1 ��), C.I. Smith (UCB); nr. Sagamore Mine, New York Mountains, 3 Sep. 1945 (3 ��), C.I. Smith (UCB). SAN DIEGO CO. Boulder Oak Camp Ground, 9 Aug. 1991 (2 ��), J. Powell (UCB). COLORADO: ARAPAHOE CO. s of Manilla, Hwy. I��� 90 at Manilla Rd. @ 5486 ft., 21 Aug. 1999 (2 ��), C. Harp (CEH), 23 Aug. 1999 (1 ��), C. Harp (CEH). BACA CO. Picture Canyon, Comanche National Grassland, sw of Campo, 4290 ft., 25 Aug. 2002 (1 ��), 25 Aug. 2004 (4m), M.G. Pogue and C.E. Harp; Picture Canyon, N of picnic area, sw of Campo, 4282 ft., 25 Aug. 2002 (1 ��), M.G. Pogue and C.E. Harp; Picture Canyon at parking area, Comanche National Grassland, sw of Campo, 4225 ft., 29 Aug. 2002 (1 ��, 5 ��), C. Harp (CEH); s end Springfield, Hwy. 385 /287, 4409 ft., 26 Aug. 2002 (2 ��), M.G. Pogue and C.E. Harp, 28 Aug. 2002 (3 ��), 30 Aug. 2002 (2 ��), C. Harp (CEH), 28 Aug. 2003 (1 ��, 2 ��), C. Harp (CEH). DENVER CO. Denver, 24���30 Aug. (1 ��), Barnes Coll. FREMONT CO. Penrose, gas station, 1 mi n of Hwy. # 50 off Hwy. 115, 5293 ft., 7 Aug. 2002 (2 ��), 16 Aug. 2002 (1 ��), 17 Aug. 2002 (5 ��), 24 Aug. 2002 (1 ��), C. Harp (CEH). LARIMER CO. Ft. Collins, 6 Aug. 1931 (1 ��), (CSU), 11 Aug. 1895 (AMNH), 13 Aug. 1895 (AMNH). LINCOLN CO. Limon, gas station, s of Hwy. I�� 70 @ exit #359, 5356 ft., 19 Aug. 1998 (3 ��), C. Harp (CEH). MESA CO. Colorado National Monument, east entrance, 4980 ft., 9 Aug. 1996 (1 ��), B. Rodgers family (CSU); Colorado National Monument, mouth of Red Canyon, 23���24 July 1999 (5 ��), J. Moore (CSU); Colorado National Monument, headquarters, nr. west entrance, 5800 ft., 17 Aug. 1996 (1 ��), B. Rodgers family (CEH). OTERO CO. Comanche National Grassland, 15 mi S La Junta, 27 Aug. 2000 (1 ��), 29 Aug. 2000 (1 ��, 1 ��), D.J. Wright (DJW); Vogel Canyon picnic area, 4340 ft., 18 Aug. 1997 (1 ��), D.J. Wright (DJW). PUEBLO CO. Pueblo West, off Hwy. # 50 at McCullough Blvd. @ 4968 ft., 25 Aug. 2001 (3 ��), C. Harp (CEH). WELD CO. BLT, Nunn, 21 Aug. 1978 (3 ��), J. Capinera (CSU); 0.8 mi N I�� 76 on E side of Co. Rd. 91, 4700 ft., 7 Aug. 1996 (1 ��), D.J. Wright (DJW). KANSAS: ELLIS CO. Hays, Ft. Hays State University campus, 21 Aug. 1988 (1 ��), 31 Aug. 1988 (1 ��), 11 Sep. 1988 (1 ��), 20���21 Aug. 1989 (2 ��), C.A. Ely (CAE); 1 Sep. 1994 (1 ��), 20 Aug. 1994 (1 ��), P. Foster (CAE). FINNEY CO., 13 mi se Garden City, 2800 ft., 25 Aug. 1975 (1 ��), Lafontaine & Bowen (CNC). LOGAN CO. 17 mi s Monterrey, 2600 ft. 26 Aug. 1975 (1 ��), Lafontaine & Bowen (CNC). MORTON CO. 5 mi n, 2.5 mi w of Wilburton, 1 Sep. 1989 (1 ��), C.A. Ely (CAE). PHILLIPS CO. 5 mi e, 1 mi s of Glade, 25 Aug. 1990 (1 ��), C.J. Ochs (CAE). SEWARD CO. 13 mi ne Liberal, 2700 ft. 26 Aug. 1975 (1 ��), Lafontaine & Bowen (CNC). THOMAS CO. Colby, 12 Aug. 1988 (1 ��), V. Wranosky (CAE). NEW MEXICO: No specific locality So., 23���30 Aug. (1 ��), 1���10 Sep. (1 ��), O.C. Poling. BERNALILLO CO. Cedar Crest, e slope of Sandia Mtns. @ 7500 ft., 3 Aug. 1976, R. Holland (RHA); [no specific locality] (LACM]. CHAVES CO. Roswell, Aug. (1 ��), Cockerell. COLFAX CO. 6 mi s of Maxwell, Hwy. I�� 25 at mkr. # 420 @ 6040 ft., 8 Aug. 2002 (9 ��), C. Harp (CEH), 12 Aug. 2002 (3 ��), C. Harp (CEH). DONA ANA CO. Las Cruces, 9 Sep. 1958 (1 ��), J.G. Watts (NMSU), 12 Sep. 1994 (1 ��), J.K. Adams (CEH). EDDY CO. White City, 17 Sep. 1963 (1 ��), 17 Sep. 1968 (1 ��) (AMNH), A. and M.E. Blanchard, 9 Sep. 1966 (1 ��), Roshore. GUADALUPE CO. Hwy. eastbound rest area, I�� 40 at mkr. #252, 21 mi w of Santa Rosa, 5550 ft., 22 Sep. 2004, Pogue & Harp (6 ��, 4 ��), (6 ��, 4 ��) (CEH); Shell gas station, I�� 40 at Colonias exit, 23 Aug. 2004 (2 ��), M.G. Pogue & C.E. Harp. HIDALGO CO. Lordsburg, (LACM). LIN�� COLN CO. Blackwater Cyn., e slope of Capitan Mtns., 1 mi e of Hwy. # 368 @ 5500 ft., 22 Aug. 1982, R. Holland (RHA). LUNA CO. Deming, (1 ��) genitalia slide USNM 46939, Coll. Brooklyn Mus., 1��� 7 Sep. (4 ��, 13 ��), �� genitalia slide USNM 48028, Barnes Coll.; Wemble, 8 Sep. 1939 (1 ��, 1 ��), (CNC). QUAY CO. San Jon, Hwy. # 469 s of Hwy. I�� 40 @ 3989 ft., 12 Sep. 2003 (1 ��), C. Harp (CEH). SANDOVAL CO. Jemez Springs, 12 Aug. (1 ��), J. Woolgate (CNC). SAN MIGUEL CO. 2 mi w Romeroville, 6360 ft., 14 Aug. 1990 (1 ��), D. E. Bowman (CSU). SOCCORRO CO. 8 mi [no direction] Florida, 28 Aug. 1967 (1 ��), R.C. Bechtel (UCD); [no specific locality] (LACM). TORRANCE CO. Gran Quivera, 1 Aug. 1992 (1 ��), 9 Aug. 1991 (1 ��), D.E. Bowman (CSU). UNION CO. Hwy. 402, mile marker 59, 4.4 mi s of Hwy 87, Clayton, 23 Aug. 2004 (1 ��), M.G. Pogue; 5.3 mi nw of Hwy 87 on Hwy. 370, Clayton, 23 Aug. 2004 (2 ��), M.G. Pogue. VALENCIA CO. Cubero, 18 Aug. 1948 (1 ��) C. & P. Vaurie (AMNH). NEVADA: CLARK CO. 10 mi S Mesquite, Virgin Mts., 4700 ft., 24 Aug. 24, 1963 (4m), R.C. Bechtel (UCD); 38 mi nw of Las Vegas, Lee Canyon @ 6900 ft., 29 July 1966, F., P, & M. Rindge (AMNH). OKLA�� HOMA: BEAVER CO. Lake Evans Chambers, 1 Sep. 1991 (2 ��), John Nelson (ORU). BECKHAM CO. Sayre at blacklight, 3 Aug. 1993 (1 ��), J.M. Nelson (ORU). CIMAR�� RON CO., Black Mesa State Park, s end of Lake Carl Etling, 4296 ft., 29 Aug. 2002 (1 ��), C. Harp (CEH), Black Mesa State Park at blacklight, 4 Sep. 1992 (2 ��), J.M. Nelson (ORU), Black Mesa State Park, east end of primitive area, 24 Aug. 2004 (1 ��), M.G. Pogue. HARMON CO. Hall Lake at blacklight, 4 Sep. 1993 (1 ��), J.M. Nelson (ORU). HARPER CO. Buffalo��Doby Springs at blacklight, 6 Sep. 1993 (2 ��), J.M. Nelson (ORU). TEXAS CO. Lake Optima at blacklight, 5 Sep. 1992 (1 ��, 2 ��), J.M. Nelson (ORU). TEXAS: BRAZOS CO. Bryan, 3 Sep. 1996, C.W. Bordelon (CWB). BREWSTER CO. Alpine, Davis Mountains, 1 Sep. 1960 (4 ��, 2 ��), �� genitalia slide USNM 47112, 2 Sep. 1960 (7 ��, 2 ��), �� genitalia slide USNM 48029, R.R. McElvare; Alpine, 9 Sep. 1963 (1 ��), genitalia slide USNM 47111, 11 Sep. 1963 (1 ��), A. & M.E. Blanchard; Big Bend National Park, Chisos Basin, 20 Aug. 1995, C.W. Bordelon (CWB). BRISCOE CO. Caprock Cyn. State Park, 3 Sep. 1996, C.W. Bordelon (CWB). BROWN CO. [no specific locality] (TLA). CAMERON CO. [no specific locality] (TLA). CHILDRESS CO. 10 mi n of Childress, 31 Aug. 1996, C.W. Bordelon (CWB). COTTLE CO. 8 mi nw Paducah, 1800 ft., 23 Sep. 1968 (1 ��), D.F. Hardwick (CNC). CULBERSON CO. Guadalupe Mts. National Park, Williams Ranch, 7 Sep. 1991 (1 ��), E.C. Knudson (ECK); Sierra Diablo WMA, 1 Sep. 1970, A. & M.E. Blanchard (AMNH). EL PASO CO. E. Montana Hwy., 20���24 Sep. 1995 (2 ��), E.C. Knudson (ECK), (1 ��) E.C. Knudson (CEH); Hueco Tanks State Park, 16��� 18 [no month] 1993 (1 ��), E. Knudson (ECK). HUDSPETH CO. Sierra Blanca, J.K. Adams (JKA). JEFF DAVIS CO. Limpia Canyon, Davis Mountains, 4920 ft., 8 Aug. 1991 (1 ��), E.H. Metzler (EHM). JIM HOGG CO. Hebbronville, 15 Nov. 1998, E.C. Knudson (ECK). KERR CO. [no specific locality] (TLA). RANDALL CO. Palo Duro Cyn. State Park, 31 Aug. 1996, C.W. Bordelon (CWB). REEVES CO. Pecos, 21 Sep. 1952 (1 ��), R. Leuschner (UCD) (LACM). STARR CO. [no specific locality] (TLA). SUTTON CO. [no specific locality] (TLA). TARRANT CO. [no specific locality] (TLA). UVALDE CO. [no specific locality] (TLA). VAL VERDE CO. [no specific locality] (TLA). WASHINGTON CO. [no specific locality] (TLA). UTAH: GARFIELD CO. Starr Springs, 36 mi s Hanksville, 6300 ft., 27 Aug. 1971 (1 ��), D.F. Hardwick (CNC). GRAND CO. 13 mi W Moab, 6200 ft., 26 Aug. 1971 (1 ��, 1 ��), D.F. Hardwick (CNC). JUAB CO. Eureka, (LACM). TOOELE CO. Stockton, 20 Aug. 1903 (1 ��), 21 Aug. 1903 (1 ��), T. Spalding (USNM), 22���23 July, T. Spalding (AMNH). UTAH CO. Dividend, (LACM). WASHINGTON CO. Springdale, 11���13 Sep. 1996 (1 ��, 7 ��), J. Powell (UCB); Beaver Dam Mtns., 23 Aug. 1986, P. Savage (AMNH); [no specific locality] (LACM). Discussion. The amount of black scales in the forewing median band gives some specimens a darker band. As specimens wear the forewing fascia become lighter in color. The valve shape varies in the male genitalia from being quite elongate to moderately broad., Published as part of Pogue, Michael G. & Harp, And Charles E., 2005, Systematics of Schinia chrysellus (Grote) complex: Revised status of Schinia alencis (Harvey) with a description of two new species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae), pp. 1-35 in Zootaxa 898 on pages 16-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170951, {"references":["Smith, J. B. (1900) A hundred new moths of the family Noctuidae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 22, 413 - 495.","Dyar, H. G. (1903 [1902]) A list of North American Lepidoptera and key to the literature of this order of insects. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 52, i - xi, 1 - 723.","Barnes, W. & McDunnough, J. (1917) Check list of the Lepidoptera of boreal America. Herald Press, Decatur, Illinois. ix, 392 pp.","Franclemont, J. G. & Todd, E. L. (1983) Noctuidae. In: Hodges, R. W., Dominick, T., Davis, D. R., Ferguson, D. C., Franclemont, J. G., Munore, E. G. & Powell, J. A. (Eds.), Check list of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico. University Press, Cambridge, pp. 120 - 159.","Poole, R. W. (1989) Fascicle 118, Noctuidae. Lepidopterorum Catalogus (New Series). E. J. Brill and Flora and Fauna Publications, Leiden, xii, 1313 pp.","Poole, R. W. & Gentili, P. (Eds.) (1996) Nomina Insecta Nearctica. A check list of the insects of North America, Volume 3: Diptera, Lepidoptera, Siphonaptera. Entomological Information Services, Rockville, Maryland, 1143 pp.","Hardwick, D. F. (1996) A monograph to the North American Heliothentinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). David F. Hardwick, Ottawa, Ontario, 281 pp.","Semple, J. C. 1996. A revision of Heterotheca sect. Phyllotheca (Nutt.) Harmes (Compositae: Astereae): the prairie and montane goldenasters of North America. University of Waterloo Biology Series, No. 37, 1 - 164"]}

Schinia chrysellus (Grote) (Figs. 4 ���6, 16, 21, 26���27, 36, 39, 46) Tricopis chrysellus Grote 1874: 76.��� Grote 1875: 18.��� Grote 1882: 35.��� Grote 1883: 152.��� Grote 1890: 37.��� Grote 1895: 67. Schinia chrysella; Barnes and McDunnough 1917: 39.��� McDunnough 1938: 105.��� Franclemont and Todd 1983: 159.��� Hardwick 1996: 189. Schinia chrysellus; Smith 1883: 227.��� Smith 1891: 54.��� Smith 1893: 274.��� Dyar 1903: 187.��� Poole 1989: 893.��� Poole and Gentili 1996: 771. Heliothis conchula Felder & Rogenhofer 1874: pl. 108, fig. 41. ��� Barnes and McDunnough 1917: 39.��� McDunnough 1938: 105.��� Franclemont and Todd 1983: 159.��� Poole 1989: 893.��� Poole and Gentili 1996: 771.��� Hardwick 1996: 89. Heliothis lanul Strecker 1877: 132. Barnes and McDunnough 1917: 39.��� Franclemont and Todd 1983: 159.��� Hardwick 1996: 189 [synonymized lanul]. Lygranthoecia lanul; Grote 1890: 37. Schinia lanul; Smith 1893: 285.��� Grote 1895: 68.��� Dyar 1903: 188.��� McDunnough 1938: 105.��� Franclemont and Todd 1983: 159.��� Poole 1989: 895.��� Poole and Gentili 1996: 771. Diagnosis. Schinia chrysellus most resembles chryselloides and alencis. Hardwick (1996) synonymized alencis with chrysellus, but there are characters that separate these species. The ventral lip of the frons (Fig. 16) is more produced in chrysellus than it is in alencis (Fig. 18). The spines on the foretibia slightly longer with pointed apices (Fig. 21) in chrysellus than the slightly shorter and rounded apices (Fig. 23) in alencis. The labial palps are short in chrysellus (Fig. 16), but longer and extend well beyond the frons in chryselloides (Fig. 17). Description. Male. Head: Frons cream to pale gray, ventral lip greatly produced (Fig. 16); vertex white to light brown; labial palp short, not or barely extending past ventral lip, white speckled with light brown scales; eyes large and globular. Thorax: Scales wide, light brown with some white; forefemur with dorsal and inner surface light brown, outer surface white becoming light brown apically; tibia light brown, inner side with largest spine flat, largest spine on inner side flat, a single slender spine dorsal to it, outer side with 4 robust round spines that become progressively shorter proximally; tarsi white on outer surface, light brown with white apical rings on inner surface; middle and hind legs cream to light brown; tibia spined; tarsi cream to light brown; underside white. Forewing: Length 9.56��� 12.56, mean 11.15 + 0.9 mm (n= 15). Ground color shiny white; basal patch light brown; median band light brown with darker brown scales interspersed, especially along the margins, irregularly shaped; reniform spot incorporated into median band and produced toward apex; terminal band light brown with white apex bordered by light brown proximally, proximal margin jagged, small dark brown to black spots on white background between wing veins; fringe white; underside light brown, subapical and apical patch white, white along posterior margin. Hindwing: Ground color shiny white; marginal band light brown to gray, lacking a well��defined inner margin; fringe white. Abdomen: White; scent pockets and hair pencils on second sternite absent. Genitalia (Figs. 26���27): Uncus elongate, approximately 0.3 times length of valve, apex blunt with small hook; valve elongate (length approximately 10 X width), costal margin slightly angulate at 4 / 5 length, posterior margin gently curved to a narrowly rounded apex; ampulla short (0.04 length of valve); corona with stout spines; sacculus with ventral margin produced; juxta rectangular, height greater than width, ventral margin U��shaped and more sclerotized than rest of juxta; saccus V��shaped; aedoeagus slightly curved, dorsodistal third with fine spines; vesica emerging ventrally, basal diverticulum present, 2 1 / 2 coils; cornuti finely scobinate. Female. As in male except forewing length 11.2���12.83, 12.11 + 0.5 mm (n= 15). Genitalia (Figs. 36, 39): Papilla analis a curved, elongate triangle, apex pointed; posterior apophysis approximately 0.85���0.92 X length of anterior apophysis; ductus bursae membranous, elongate; appendix bursae shorter than corpus bursae, with 1 1 / 2 coils; corpus bursae ovate; signa 4 scobinate bars. Type material. Tricopis chrysellus Grote: Female holotype is in BMNH. Type locality: Texas. The original description indicates 2 specimens collected, one by Belfrage in Texas and the other by Snow in Kansas, with ���No. 192 ��� indicated for the Kansas specimen. The holotype in the BMNH is labeled as being from Texas, but bears the ���No. 192 ��� label. Type locality: Clifton, Bosque Co., Texas. Type examined. Heliothis conchula Felder & Rogenhofer: Male holotype is in BMNH. Type locality: Texas. Type examined. Heliothis lanul Strecker: Male holotype is in FMNH. Type locality: Texas. Type not examined. Biology. Adult emergence coincides with host plant blooming in mid August to September. During field observations, females oviposit on pre��bloom flower buds of Amphiachyris dracunculoides (DC.) Nutt. (Asteraceae) at dusk, and can be seen darting among the knee��high broomweed plants until dark (Fig. 3). Eggs hatch in three to four days (Hardwick 1996). Early larval instars feed within early blooms, moving to the outsides of the flower after the third instar. Later instars clasp the stems beneath the flowers and consume the flower parts and immature seeds. Flower heads are very small, but numerous on broomweed, so caterpillars move easily between adjacent blooms to continue feeding. Hardwick (1996) noted that larvae of chrysellus complete their development in six or seven stadia, and mean development time for reared larvae was 26.0 days. Amphiachyris dracunculoides, or prairie broomweed, can be extremely common on disturbed pastures and eroded prairies across western Missouri, the eastern two��thirds of Kansas, south through Oklahoma into central Texas, the Texas panhandle, and southeastern New Mexico. Small populations of the plant occur from western Kentucky to Illinois. The plant is an annual, often growing on clay loams and limestone. Distribution (Fig. 46). Widely distributed throughout the central part of the United States from south��central Nebraska south through Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas to Monterrey, Mexico. Collected in extreme southeastern Colorado and New Mexico. There are scattered records in western Missouri, Arkansas, southeastern Louisiana, central Wisconsin, central Illinois, and western Kentucky (Covell 1999). Material Examined. All specimens are from the National Museum of Natural History (USNM) collection except as noted. MEXICO: NUEVO LEON: Monterrey, 5 Sep. 1958 (1 ��), H.F. Howden (CNC). U.S.A.: ARKANSAS: HEMPSTEAD CO. Hope, 9 Sep. 1931 (1 ��), 11 Sep. 1933 (3 ��, 2 ��) (USNM), 8 Sep. 1931 (1 ��), 13 Sep. 1931 (1 ��), L. Knobel (CNC). WASHINGTON CO. [No specific locality], 9 Aug. 1964 (1 ��), E.P. Rouse, 1 Sep. 1966, R.L. Brown (1 ��). COLORADO: [No specific locality], (1 ��) genitalia slide USNM 46939, H.S. Burnett, (1 ��). BACA CO. s end Springfield, Hwy. 385 /287, 4409 ft., 26 Aug. 2002 (1 ��, 1 ��), M.G. Pogue & C.E. Harp, 28 Aug. 2002 (3 ��), C. Harp (CEH). ILLINOIS: PUTNAM CO. [No specific locality], 13 Sep. 1935 (1 ��), M.O. Glenn. IOWA: STORY CO. Ames, 14 Aug. 1919 (1 ��), A.K. Lindsey. KANSAS: BARTON CO. Hoisington, 30 Aug. 1994 (1 ��), B. White (CAE). BUTLER CO. Towanda Rest stop, 10 km sw El Dorado, 25 Aug. 1986 (1 ��), J.K. Adams (EHM). CROWLEY CO. Arkansas City, 26 Aug. 1989 (1 ��), G. Young (CEH), 3 mi e of Arkansas City, 27 Aug. 1989 (1 ��), G. Young (CAE). DOUGLAS CO. [No specific locality], 5 Aug. 1940 (1 ��), F. Forbes; Lawrence, Aug. (1 ��), E.S. Tucker, 22 Aug. 1933 (1 ��), 29 Aug. 1987 (1 ��) J.K. Adams (EHM). ELLIS CO. 7.5 mi n, 1 mi e of Ellis, 7 Sep. 1994 (1 ��), P. Foster (CAE), Hays, 24 Sep. 1981 (1 ��), M. Rolfs (CAE), Hays, Ft. Hays State University campus, various dates from 2 Sep. 1988 to 28 Sep. 1994 (49 ��, 1 ��) C.A. Ely & P. Foster (FHSU). ELLSWORTH CO. 2 mi n, 5 mi e of Ellsworth, 4 Sep. 1994 (2 ��), P. Foster (CAE) (CEH). FRANKLIN CO. [no specific locality], 14 Aug. 1924, H.K. Gloyd (KSU), [no specific locality], 19 Aug. 1961, W.H. Howe (AMNH), Ottawa, 7 Aug. 1944, W.H. Howe (AMNH), 15 Aug. 1946, W.H. Howe (AMNH), 19 Aug. 1947, W.H. Howe (AMNH). KIOWA CO. Greensburg, 26 Aug. 1994 (1 ��), G. Salsbury, 5 mi se Greensburg, 13 Aug. 1993 (1 ��), G. Salsbury (SMEK), 4 mi s Greensburg, 12 Aug. 1991 (1 ��), G.A. Salsbury (CAE). LABETTE CO. Oswego, 5 Aug. 1961 (1 ��), 7 Aug. 1964 (1 ��) genitalia slide USNM 46935, 7 Aug. 1972 (1 ��), 8 Aug. 1971 (1 ��), 11 Aug. 1961 (1 ��), 23 Aug. 1964 (1 ��), 24 Aug. 1964 (1 ��), 29 Aug. 1964 (2 ��), 30 Aug. 1963 (1 ��) genitalia slide USNM 46934, 4 Sep. 1964 (1 ��), G. Hevel. PHILLIPS CO. Glade, 5 mi e, 1 mi s, 25 Aug. 1990 (1 ��), C.J. Ochs (CAE). POTTAWATOMIE CO. Onaga, 5 Sep. 1920 (1 ��), F.F. Crevecouer (KSU), 5 Sep. 1928 (1 ��), F.F. Crevecouer (KSU). PRATT CO. Pratt, along Hwy. #281, 1908 ft., 23 Aug. 2000 (1 ��), C. Harp (CEH); Sawyer, downtown gas station, off Hwy. # 281 at Hwy #42, 1891 ft., 23 Aug. 2000 (1 ��), C. Harp (CEH). RILEY CO. Manhattan, 20 Sep. 1935 (2 ��), H.H. Walkden, 29 Sep. 1937 (1 ��, 1 ��), R.R. McElvare, Manhattan, Kansas State Univ. campus, 20���25 Aug. 2003 (2 ��), J. Matlevski (JMat). RUSSELL CO. Dorrance, 6 mi n, 6 mi e, 31 Aug. 1991 (1 ��), P. Briney (CAE), 1���2 Sep. 1992 (2 ��), P. Briney (CAE), 18 Sep. 1993 (1 ��), P. Briney (CEH), 4 Sep. 1994 (4 ��, 1 ��), T. Beach (CAE). SEDGWICK CO. Wichita, (1 ��), H.H. Walkden. SHERMAN CO. rest area 7 mi e of Colorado state line, along Hwy. I�� 70, J.K. Adams (JKA); THOMAS CO. Colby, 21 Sep. 1988 (1 ��) V. Wranosky (CAE). TREGO CO. Wakeeney, 1 mi s, 3 mi e, 21 Sep. 1994 (1 ��) C.A. Ely (CAE). KENTUCKY: CALD�� WELL CO. Hwy. I�� 24 at mkr. #56, 26 August 1992, J.K. Adams (JKA). LOUISIANA: [ No specific locality], (1 ��). MISSOURI: CLAY CO. Liberty, J.K. Adams (JKA). GREENE CO., Springfield, 17 Sep. 1949, S.K. and A.H. Rindge (AMNH). JACKSON CO. Independence, 28 Aug. 1961 (1 ��), 31 Aug. 1961 (1 ��), J.R. Heitzman, 27 August 1965, J.R. Heitzman (AMNH); Kansas City, 17 Sep. 1898, 29, 1897, F.J. Hall (AMNH). NEBRASKA: BUFFALO CO. Kearney, 17 August 1998 at lights, N.E. Dankert (NED). DOUGLAS CO. Omaha, 16 Sep., F.H. Marshall (AMNH). LANCASTER CO. Lincoln, 22 Aug. 1933 (1 ��), D.B. Whelan (CNC), Lincoln, (UNL). NEW MEXICO: EDDY CO. Carlsbad, 11 Sep. 1961, M. and E. Roshore (AMNH); White City, 17 Sep. 1963 (2 ��), A. & M.E. Blanchard. OTERO CO. High Rolls (1 ��). OKLAHOMA: ATOKA CO. Hwy. # 69 at Limestone Creek, 10 Oct. 1998 (1 ��) at lights, J.M. Nelson (ORU). BLAINE CO. Roman Nose State Park, 16 Sep. 1983 at light trap (1 ��) Nelson & Reed (OSU). CHERO�� KEE CO. [No specific locality], 9 Sep. 1978 (1 ��) P. Loy (OU). CHOCTAW CO. [no specific locality] (ORU). CLEVELAND CO. Norman, 23 Aug. 1949 (1 ��), W.J. Reinthal (CNC), 26 Aug. 1950 (1 ��), 18 Sep. 1950 (1 ��) W.J. Reinthal (UOKN). COMANCHE CO. Ft. Sill, Lawton, CSU study site, West Range, 16���18 Aug. 2003 @ blacklight, M. Garhart & C. Harp, (4 ��, 2 ��) (CSU). COTTON CO. 2 mi w of Walters, along Hwy. # 53 at 1008 ft. elev., 16���19 Aug. 2003 at building lights at 1008 ft. elev., (2 ��, 1 ��) M. Garhart & C. Harp (CEH); Temple, along Hwy. #5, 19 Aug. 2003 (1 ��) M. Garhart & C. Harp (CEH); s end of Walters along Hwy. #5, 19 Aug. 2003 (3 ��, 1 ��) M. Garhart & C. Harp (CEH). ELLIS CO. 4 mi ESE Arnett, 2400 ft., 29 Aug. 1975 (1 ��), Lafontaine & Bowen (CNC). GARFIELD CO. [No specific locality], 1960 (2 ��), J.F. Reinert; s end Garber, along Hwy. #74, 1198 ft., 23 Aug. 2000 (3 ��), C. Harp (CEH). GRANT CO. Medford, gas station, along Hwy. #11, 1067 ft., 23 Aug. 2000 (6 ��), C. Harp (CEH). JACKSON CO. Altus, s end of town along Hwy. # 283 at 1381 ft. elev., 17 Aug. 2003 (1 ��) M. Garhart & C. Harp (CEH). JEFFER�� SON CO. Waurika, 4 mi nw, Hwy. # 5 at Beaver Cr. at 882 ft. elev., 18 Aug. 2003 (1 ��) M. Garhart & C. Harp (CEH); Waurika, downtown at building lights along Hwy. # 5 at 885 ft. elev., 19 Aug. 2003 (1 ��) M. Garhart & C. Harp (CEH); Waurika Lake Project Office, s end of lake, 1 mi n of Hwy. # 5 at 1154 ft. elev., 18 Aug. 2003 (1 ��) M. Garhart & C. Harp (CEH). LINCOLN CO. Chandler, nw edge of Old City Lake, 928 ft., 26 Aug. 1991 (1 ��), C. and C. Harp (CEH). OKLAHOMA CO. 3 mi sw of Luther, Rustic Acres Rd. nr Hwy. I�� 44, 980 ft., 10 Aug. 1991 (1 ��), 17 Aug. 1991 (1 ��), 19 Aug. 1991 (2 ��), 20 Aug. 1991 (1 ��), 21 Aug. 1991 (1 ��), 22 Aug. 1991 (1 ��), 24 Aug. 1991 (1 ��), 25 Aug. 1991 (2 ��, 1 ��), 30 Aug. 1991 (1 ��), C. Harp (CEH); Oklahoma City, 16 Sep. 1949, S.K. and A.H. Rindge (AMNH). PAYNE CO. Stillwater, 1 Sep. 1932 (2 ��, 1 ��), 9 Aug. 1933 (1 ��) E. Hixon (OKS), 24 Aug. 1959 (1 ��) W.A. Drew (OKS), 30 July 1972 (2 ��), 7 Aug. 1972 (1 ��), 14 Aug. 1972 (1 ��), 15 Aug. 1972 (1 ��, 1 ��), 17 Aug. 1972 (1 ��), 22 Aug. 1972 (1 ��), 31 Aug. 1972 (1 ��), 21 Sep. 1973 (1 ��), 22 Sep. 1973 (1 ��), 24 Sep. 1973 (1 ��) D.R. Molnar (OKS), 1 Sep. 1980 (1 ��), 1 Sep. 1981 (1 ��), 2 Sep. 1982 (1 ��), 7 Sep. 1983 (1 ��), 20 Aug. 1985 (2 ��, 1 ��), 3 Sep. 1985 (1 ��), 3 Sep. 1986 (1 ��), D.C. Arnold (OKS), 5 Sep. 1982 (1 ��), 7 Sep. 1982 (1 ��), 13 Sept. 1982 (1 ��), 17 Sep. 1982 (1 ��), R.K. Whittle (OKS). POTTA�� WATOMIE CO. 3.5 mi s of McLoud along Hwy. I�� 40 at 1104 ft. elev., 24 Aug. 2000 (3 ��, 1 ��) C. Harp (CEH). ROGERS CO. Claremore, (ORU). SEQUOYAH CO. Lake Tenkiller, 2 mi nw Blackgum, 25���29 Aug. 1982 (1 ��), D. & M. Davis; Lake Tenkiller, nr. Cookson, 16���19 Aug. 1962 (1 ��) D.R. Davis; TULSA CO. Tulsa, 16 Sep. 1940 (1 ��), G. Willett, 31 Aug. 1981 (2 ��), 5 Sep. 1984 (1 ��), 22 Aug. 1985, 27 Aug. 1985, J.T. Criswell (OKS); Oral Roberts University campus, Sep. 4 ���25, 1991, J. Nelson (ORU). TEXAS: [No specific locality], 1885 (1 ��), C.V. Riley Coll., (2 ��, 5 ��) 6 ��) Barnes Coll., (1 ��, 1 ��) Brooklyn Mus. Coll., (1 ��) E.T. Owen, (4 ��) J.B. Smith Coll., (1 ��) O. Meske, (1 ��) W. Schaus Coll., 26 Sep. 1904 (1 ��), (2 ��, 2 ��). ANDERSON CO. Tennessee Colony, 23 Aug. 1978 (1 ��), A. & M.E. Blanchard. BASTROP CO. [No specific locality], 2 Sep. 1964 (1 ��), 29 Sep. 1964 (3 ��); Bastrop State Park, 28 Sep. 1964 (1 ��, 1 ��), 6 Oct. 1963 (1 ��), A. & M.E. Blanchard, Bastrop State Park, (LACM). BELL CO. 6 mi nw Temple, Hwy. 36, 20 Sep. 1978 (1 ��), Robbins & Blankenship. BEXAR CO. San Antonio, (1 ��); San Antonio, Mt. View Acres, 9 Sep. 1971 (1 ��), A. & M.E. Blanchard; San Antonio, Ebony Hill Res. Sta. (Kendall residence), 27 May 1992 (1 ��), E.G. Riley (TAMU); San Antonio, 20 Sep. 1940, (1 ��) K.C. Emerson (OKS), 16 Sep. 1994 (1 ��) J.K. Adams (DMNS), 17 Oct. 1937 (2 ��, 1 ��) G.H. and J. Sperry (AMNH); se of San Antonio, Hwy. I�� 37 at exits # 125 and 130, J.K. Adams (JKA). BLANCO CO. Blanco, 24 Sep. 1964, A. & M.E. Blanchard (AMNH). BOSQUE CO. Clifton, Belfrage, (1 ��); Laguna Park, 24 Sep. 1970 (1 ��, 3 ��), (4 ��, 2 ��) (AMNH), A. & M.E. Blanchard. BRAZOS CO. College Station, 9 May 1917 (1 ��), 15���30 May 1917 (1 ��), P.O. Glick, 14 June (1 ��), P.O. Glick, 10���17 Aug. (1 ��), Sep. (1 ��) (USNM), 14 Sep. 1978 (2 ��), 9 Sep. 1980 (1 ��), 4 Oct. 1978 (1 ��), R. S. Peigler (CNC), 8 Sep. 1978 (1 ��), 9 Sep. 1978 (1 ��), 14 Sep. 1978 (1 ��, 1 ��), R.S. Peigler, 4 Oct. 1928 (1 ��, 1 ��), 11 Oct. 1928 (1 ��), 13 Oct. 1928 (2 ��), 14 Oct. 1928 (3 ��, 3 ��), 16 Oct. 1928 (1 ��), S.E. Jones, 10 Sep. 1904 (1 ��), 14 6 Oct. (1 ��), 8 Oct. 1903 (1 ��), 14 Oct. 1903 (1 ��), [No collector], 7 Oct. 1987 (1 ��), H.R. Burke, College Station, Riley Estate, 4���5 Sep. 2002 (1 ��), 11���14 Sep. 2002 (2 ��, 2 ��), 24���26 Sep. 2002 (1 ��), 27���29 Sep. 2002 (2 ��), E.G. Riley, College Station, Texas Exp. Station, 4 Sep. 1957 (1 ��), 10 Sep. 1956 (1 ��), 14 Sep. 1956 (1 ��) (TAMU); College Station, 28 Sep. 1976, R.S. Peigler (AMNH). BREWSTER CO. 6.5 mi s Alpine, 9 Aug. 1991 (1 ��), E.H. Metzler (EHM); Alpine, Davis Mountains, 2 Sep. 1960 (1 ��), 2 Sep. 1940 (1 ��), 11 Sep. 1958 (1 ��), 12 Sep. 1958 (1 ��); Alpine, 1���7 July 1926 (1 ��), 15���21 July 1926 (1 ��), 1���7 Sep. 1925 (1 ��), O.C. Poling, 13 Sep. 1963 (1 ��), 14 Sep. 1963 (1 ��), A. & M.E. Blanchard; Alpine, Davis Mountains (LACM). BRISCOE CO. Caprock Canyon State Park, 29���30 Aug. 1994 (1 ��), 2���3 Sep. 1996 (1 ��), E.C. Knudson (ECK). BROWN CO. Lake Brownwood State Park, 7 Sep. 1963 (1 ��), A. & M.E. Blanchard. BURNET CO. Shovel Mountain, (3 ��), Barnes Collection, 12 Apr. [probably wrong month] 1902 (1 ��); [No specific locality], 1 Sep. 1902 (20 ��, 7 ��) (AMNH). CAMERON CO. Laguna Atascosa, 22 Sep. 1973 (1 ��), 25 Sep. 1973 (1 ��), A. & M.E. Blanchard, July (1 ��), P.O. Glick; La Feria, 4 Oct. 1974 (1 ��), P.T. Riehard (TAMU). CHAMBERS CO. Blackjack Springs, (1 ��, 1 ��). COLIN CO. Plano, (AMNH). COTTLE CO. Paducah, 19 Aug. 1971 (3 ��), 8 Sep. 1966 (1 ��), A. & M.E. Blanchard; 8 mi nw Paducah, 1800 ft., 23 Sep. 1968 (2 ��, 1 ��), D. F. Hardwick (CNC). CULBERSON CO. Guadalupe Mtn. NP, Pine Springs cmpgd, 19 Aug. 1986, R. Holland (AMNH). DALLAS CO. Dallas, 27 July 1911 (1 ��), H. Pinkus, 22 Aug. 1905 (1 ��), F.C. Bishop, 27 Sep. 1911 (1 ��), (1 ��), J.B. Smith Coll.; vic. Dallas, 8 Sep. 1979 (1 ��), R.A. Rahn, 30 Oct. 1947 (11 ��, 5 ��) S.K. & A.H. Rindge (AMNH). DONLEY CO. [no specific locality] (TLA). EL PASO CO. [no specific locality] (TLA). ERATH CO. Stephenville, 25 Sep. 1983 (1 ��), C.W. Agnew, 28 Sep. 1972 (1 ��, 1 ��), 8 Oct. 1972 (1 ��), 18 Oct. 1971 (1 ��), P.T. Riehard (TAMU). HARRIS CO. Houston, 17 Sep. 1965 (1 ��), A. & M.E. Blanchard, (2 ��) (AMNH). HEMPHILL CO. 6 mi E Canadian, 2000 ft., 30 Aug. 1975 (1 ��), 2 Sep. 1975 (1 ��), Lafontaine & Bowen (CNC). HIDALGO CO. Mercedes, 4 Oct. 1958 (3 ��, 1 ��), H. Smalzried (AMNH). JACKSON CO. Deutschburg, 7 Oct. 1974 (1 ��), A. & M.E. Blanchard. JEFF DAVIS CO. Davis Mountains, Limpia Canyon, 8 Aug. 1991 (1 ��, 2 ��), E.H. Metzler (EHM). JIM WELLS CO. [no specific locality] (TLA). KERR CO. Kerrville, 19 Aug. 1980 (1 ��), 19 Aug. 1909 (2 ��), 2 Sep. 1906 (1 ��), F.C. Pratt, 20 Sep. 1951 (1 ��), A.B. Gurney, 7 Sep. 1958 (31 ��, 14 ��), R.R. McElvare, Sep. 1909 (1 ��), (6 ��, 2 ��), Barnes Coll., (5 ��) (USNM), (1 ��), Coll. Wooley��Dod. (CNC), 5 Sep. 1964 (2 ��), W.F. Chamberlain (TAMU), 11 Sep. (1 ��), H. Lacey (UCB). KIMBLE CO. Junction, 21 Aug. 1973 (1 ��), 18 Sep. 1968 (1 ��), A. & M.E. Blanchard, (2 ��) (AMNH). LLANO CO. [no specific locality] (TLA). MIDLAND CO. [no specific locality] (LACM). MON�� TAGUE CO. [No specific locality], 5 Aug. 1940 (9 ��, 1 ��), 19 Aug. 1940 (1 ��), 28 Aug. 1940 (1 ��), 29 Aug. 1940 (1 ��, Published as part of Pogue, Michael G. & Harp, And Charles E., 2005, Systematics of Schinia chrysellus (Grote) complex: Revised status of Schinia alencis (Harvey) with a description of two new species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae), pp. 1-35 in Zootaxa 898 on pages 4-10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170951, {"references":["Grote, A. R. (1874) List of the Noctuidae of North America. Buffalo Society of the Natural Sciences, 2, 1 - 77.","Grote, A. R. (1875) Check list of the Noctuidae of America, north of Mexico. I. Bombyciae and Noctuelitae (Nonfasciatae). Reinecke and Zesch, Buffalo, New York, 28 pp.","Grote, A. R. (1882) New checklist of North American moths. [no publisher given]. 73 pp.","Grote, A. R. (1883) Introduction to a study of the North American Noctuidae. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 21, 134 - 176.","Grote, A. R. (1890) North American Lepidoptera. Revised checklist of the North American Noctuidae. Part 1. Thyatirinae - Noctuinae. Homeyer and Meyer, Bremen, 52 pp.","Grote, A. R. (1895) List of North American Eupterotidae, Ptilodontidae, Thyatiridae, Apatelidae and Agrotidae. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins zu Bremen 14, 43 - 128.","Barnes, W. & McDunnough, J. (1917) Check list of the Lepidoptera of boreal America. Herald Press, Decatur, Illinois. ix, 392 pp.","McDunnough, J. (1938) Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America. Part 1. Macrolepidoptera. Memoirs of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 1, 1 - 275.","Franclemont, J. G. & Todd, E. L. (1983) Noctuidae. In: Hodges, R. W., Dominick, T., Davis, D. R., Ferguson, D. C., Franclemont, J. G., Munore, E. G. & Powell, J. A. (Eds.), Check list of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico. University Press, Cambridge, pp. 120 - 159.","Hardwick, D. F. (1996) A monograph to the North American Heliothentinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). David F. Hardwick, Ottawa, Ontario, 281 pp.","Smith, J. B. (1883) Synopsis of the North American Heliothinae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 10, 205 - 256.","Smith, J. B. (1891) List of Lepidoptera of boreal America. P. C. Stockhausen, Philadelphia. v., 124 pp.","Smith, J. B. (1893) A catalogue, bibliographical and synonymical, of the species of moths of the Lepidopterous superfamily Noctuidae, found in boreal America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 44, 1 - 424.","Dyar, H. G. (1903 [1902]) A list of North American Lepidoptera and key to the literature of this order of insects. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 52, i - xi, 1 - 723.","Poole, R. W. (1989) Fascicle 118, Noctuidae. Lepidopterorum Catalogus (New Series). E. J. Brill and Flora and Fauna Publications, Leiden, xii, 1313 pp.","Poole, R. W. & Gentili, P. (Eds.) (1996) Nomina Insecta Nearctica. A check list of the insects of North America, Volume 3: Diptera, Lepidoptera, Siphonaptera. Entomological Information Services, Rockville, Maryland, 1143 pp.","Felder, R. & Rogenhofer, A. F. (1874) Reise Oesterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1859. Zoologischer Theil, Zweiter Band, Zweite Abtheilung, Lepidoptera. Heft 4. Carl Gerold's Sohn, Wien, Plates 75 - 120 with associated letter press.","Strecker, F. H. H. (1877) Lepidoptera, Rhopaloceres and Heteroceres Indigenous and Exotic; with Descriptions and colored Illustrations. No. 14. Owen's Steam Book and Job Printing Office, Reading, Pennsylvania, pp. 125 - 134.","Covell, C. V. (1999) The Butterflies and Moths (Lepidoptera) of Kentucky: An annotated Checklist. K entucky State Nature Preserves Commission, Scientific and Technical Series Number 6, Frankfort, Kentucky, xiv, 220 pp.","Semple, J. C. 1996. A revision of Heterotheca sect. Phyllotheca (Nutt.) Harmes (Compositae: Astereae): the prairie and montane goldenasters of North America. University of Waterloo Biology Series, No. 37, 1 - 164"]}

Schinia chryselloides Pogue and Harp new species (Figs. 1 ��2, 7���9, 17, 22, 28���29, 37, 40, 47) Diagnosis. Schinia chryselloides is most closely related to S. chrysellus, based on the virtually identical forewing maculation. The only difference is the black scaling at the apex of the forewing in chryselloides, which is absent in chrysellus. The best way to separate these two species is by the size of the ventral projection of the frons and size of the labial palps. In chrysellus this projection is very broad and quite produced and the labial palps are reduced and barely extend beyond the frons (Fig. 16); in chryselloides the projection is narrower, less produced, and the labial palps project well beyond the frons (Fig. 17). The foretibial claws are round in chryselloides (Fig. 22) and flat in chrysellus (Fig. 21). In the male genitalia the vesica has 2 1 / 2 coils in chrysellus (Fig. 27) and 3 coils in chryselloides (Fig. 29). In the female genitalia the papillae analis is an elongate, curved triangle with a pointed apex in chrysellus (Fig. 39); and in chryselloides it is a broad triangle with a narrowly rounded apex (Fig. 40). The papillae analis is usually sticking out of the abdomen in the females, so dissection is not necessary to observe this character. Description. Male. Head: Frons white to cream, ventral projection moderately produced (Fig. 17); vertex light brown; labial palp long, extends beyond frons, white; eyes large and globular. Thorax: Scales wide, light brown; forefemur with dorsal and inner surface light brownish��gray, outer surface white becoming light brownish��gray apically; tibia with proximal half light brownish��gray and distal half white, largest spine on inner side round robust, 2���3 slender spines dorsal to it, outer side with 4 robust round spines that become progressively shorter proximally; tarsi light brownish��gray with white apical rings; middle femur with dorsal and inner surface light brownish��gray, outer surface white becoming light brownish��gray apically; tibia light brownish��gray with white apical ring; tarsi light brownish��gray with white apical rings; hind femur white; tibia white; basitarsus white, rest tan with white apical rings; underside white. Forewing: Length 9.2���12.83, mean 11.21 + 1.21 mm (n= 12). Ground color shiny white; basal patch light brown; median band light brown with darker brown scales interspersed, edged with black, irregularly shaped; reniform spot incorporated into median band and produced toward apex; terminal band with white apex bordered by light brown proximally, a few rufous scales becoming light brown to approximately 2 / 3 length, rest white, proximal margin jagged; small black spots between wing veins; fringe with short scales at apex black, becoming light brown toward tornus, longer scales white; underside gray, subapical and apical patch white, variably distinct white band at approximately 2 / 3 length below end of discal cell, white spots between veins along margin. Hindwing: Ground color shiny white; marginal band light gray, lacking a well��defined inner margin; fringe white. Abdomen: Dorsum white with some scattered light brown scales, distal border of sternites cream, ventrum white; scent pockets and hair pencils on second sternite absent. Genitalia (Figs. 28���29): Uncus elongate, approximately 0.3 times length of valve, apex blunt with small hook; valve moderate to elongate (length approximately 6.7���9.1 X width), costal margin gently curved, posterior margin angulate at 2 / 3 length, apex round; ampulla minute (0.01 length of valve); corona with stout spines; sacculus with ventral margin produced; juxta rectangular, height greater than width, ventral margin U��shaped and more sclerotized than rest of juxta; saccus Vshaped; aedoeagus slightly curved, dorsodistal third with fine spines; vesica emerging ventrally, basal diverticulum present, 3 coils; cornuti finely scobinate. Female. As in male except forewing length 10.0��� 12.83, 11.55 + 0.98 mm (n= 11). Genitalia (Figs. 37, 40): Papilla analis a broad triangle, apex narrowly rounded; posterior apophysis approximately 0.65���0.75 X length of anterior apophysis; ductus bursae membranous, elongate; appendix bursae shorter than corpus bursae, with 1 1 / 2 coils; corpus bursae ovate; signa 4 scobinate bars. Type material. HOLOTYPE: ��, Colorado, Elbert Co., Elizabeth, lights of new grocery mall,> 11 pm., 39 �� 21 ��� 39 ��� N, 104 �� 36 ��� 37 ��� W, June 24, 2000, 6341 ft., leg: Chuck & M. J. Harp, USNM ENT 0 0 220214. Deposited in USNM. Biology. Adult emergence coincides with host plant blooming in early June in western Oklahoma and mid to late June on the plains of eastern Colorado. Records from south��central New Mexico show flight in early July. Specimens from western and central Texas and southeastern Colorado show flights from August to September, suggesting a partial second brood or a late corresponding bloom. Females oviposit on pre��bloom buds of Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. nana (Gray) Semple (Asteraceae) (Figs. 1���2). Heterotheca villosa var. nana, or hairy false goldenaster, is a weedy perennial forb that can be plentiful on cobbly soils of the plains from western Nebraska and eastern Wyoming to the central plains of Texas, west to New Mexico and northeastern Arizona. Soils are usually mixed with sandy loams of gypsum and bentonite origins. Adult female chryselloides lay their eggs on buds and open flowers at dusk and can be seen flying among the low plants in open areas through the evening hours until dark. The larval biology is unknown. Schinia chryselloides flies with the first brood of Schinia meadi (Grote) in areas adjacent to sandy washes, but generally flies earlier than other species in the chrysellus group. Specimens collected in August fly with S. ciliata, S. tertia (Grote), S. grandimedia Hardwick, S. citrinella (Grote & Robinson), S. mortua Grote, S. cumatilis (Grote), S. reniformis Smith, second brood S. meadi, S. jaguarina (Guen��e), S. errans Smith, S. siren (Strecker), S. lynx (Guen��e), S. coercita (Grote), and S. unimacula Smith (southeastern Colorado). The host plant distribution (Fig. 47) is a relatively good fit except for adult records from southern Arizona and southern Texas. Distribution (Fig. 47). In Colorado from the base of the foothills in Jefferson Co. east to Lincoln Co., in extreme southeastern Colorado, south to southeastern Socorro Co., New Mexico, and east to the southeastern panhandle of Texas and extreme southern Texas. Material Examined. All specimens are from the National Museum of Natural History collection except as noted. PARATYPES: U.S.A.: COLORADO: [No specific locality], (1 ��), genitalia slide USNM 46940, Barnes Collection, (1 ��, 1 ��) Oslar. ARAPAHOE CO. Byers, 16 Jul. 1996 (2 ��) R.S. Peigler (DMNS); Cherry Creek State Park, 17 Jun. 1997, A.D. Warren (ADW). BACA CO. Picture Canyon, Comanche National Grasslands, sw Campo, 25 Aug. 2002 (7 ��, 1 ��), �� genitalia USNM slide 47104, �� genitalia slide USNM 47110, �� genitalia slide USNM 47105, M.G. Pogue & C.E. Harp; Picture Canyon, N of Picnic Area, sw Campo, 4282 ft., 25 Aug. 2002 (1 ��, 1 ��), M.G. Pogue & C.E. Harp. DEN�� VER CO. Denver, (1 ��, 1 ��), W. Schaus Coll. DOUGLAS CO. Sedalia, 5850 ft., July 1962 (1 ��) (CSU); Franktown, Hwy. # 86 at Hwy. #83, 30 Jun. 2002 at lights (1 ��), C. Harp (CEH). ELBERT CO. Elizabeth, lights of new grocery mall, 6341 ft., 24 June 2000 (11 ��, 5 ��), �� genitalia slides MGP 1147 �� 8, C. & M. J. Harp, 24 June 2002 (2 ��, 11 ��), C. Harp (CEH); Elizabeth, Hwy. # 86, lights of Safeway grocery store, 6341 ft., 30 June 2002 (3 ��, 2 ��), �� genitalia slide MGP 1149, C. Harp (CEH). JEFFERSON CO. Golden, Chimney Gulch, 28 Aug. 1908 (1 ��), Oslar; Littleton, Stony Creek Addition open park, 6230 ft., 12 Aug. 1999 (1 ��), C. Harp (CEH). LINCOLN CO. Limon, s of Hwy. I�� 70 at exit # 361 at gas station lights, 5356 ft. elev., 11 Jul. 2002 (1 ��), C. Harp (CEH). NEW MEXICO: VALENCIA CO. sw of Becker, roadside along Hwy. # 47 at 5219 ft.elev., 8 Aug. 2002 on Heterotheca villosa (1 ��), C. Harp (CEH). OKLAHOMA: BEAVER CO. Beaver River WMA at blacklight, 6 June 1993 (1 ��), J.M. Nelson (ORU). CIMARRON CO. Black Mesa State Park at mercury vapor light, 24 Aug. 2004 (1 ��), M.G. Pogue & C.E. Harp (CEH). JACKSON CO. Rt. # 6 at the Red River at blacklight, 30 August 2002 (1 ��), J.M. Nelson (ORU). JEFFERSON CO. 4 mi n of Waurika, along Hwy. 6 at Beaver Crk., 882 ft. elev., 18 Aug. 2004 (1 ��), M. Garhart & C. Harp (CEH). TILLMAN CO. Lake Frederick at blacklight, 9 June 2003 (1 ��), J.M. Nelson (ORU). TEXAS: CAMERON CO. Laguna Atascosa, 25 Sep. 1973 (1 ��), A. & M.E. Blanchard. COTTLE CO. Paducah, 19 Aug. 1971 (3 ��), A. & M.E. Blanchard. HEMPHILL CO. Gene Howe Wildlife Management Area, 18 May 1985 (1 ��), E.C. Knudson (ECK). JEFF DAVIS CO. Davis Mtns. State Park, 14���17 Aug. 1982 (1 ��), T.P. Friedlander (TAMU); W. of Ft. Davis on SR 118, Limpia Canyon, 17 Aug. 1974 (1 ��), H. Greenbaum (TAMU). Paratypes deposited in CNC and BMNH. Etymology: The suffix ��� oides, meaning likeness, was added to the root of chrysellus to show its close relationship with that species. Discussion. We selected a female as the holotype, because the genitalia are easily differentiated between chryselloides and chrysellus. There is some variation in the color of the forewing maculation. Some specimens have more rufous in the median band and less black scaling in the terminal area., Published as part of Pogue, Michael G. & Harp, And Charles E., 2005, Systematics of Schinia chrysellus (Grote) complex: Revised status of Schinia alencis (Harvey) with a description of two new species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae), pp. 1-35 in Zootaxa 898 on pages 10-13, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170951

Key to species of the Schinia chrysellus complex 1. Forewing with reniform spot mostly incorporated into median band (Figs. 4���9)....... 2 1 ���. Forewing with reniform spot barely coalesced or separate from median band (Figs. 10���15).......................................................................................................................... 3 2. Ventral lip of frons greatly produced, labial palp barely extending past frons (Fig. 16); foretibial claws flat, apices rounded (Fig. 21); apex of forewing lacking a small black patch of scales that extends onto fringe ......................................................... chrysellus 2 ���. Ventral lip of frons produced, labial palp projecting well beyond frons (Fig. 17); foretibial claws round, slender, apices pointed (Fig. 22); apex of forewing with a small black patch of scales that extends onto fringe ........................................... chryselloides 3. Forewing with a wide median band (width approximately 25 % of forewing length) (Figs. 10���11); reniform spot either separate or barely coalesced with median band (Figs. 10���11); scales on thorax narrow overlaying wide scales; foretibial claws flat with rounded apices (Fig. 23) .............................................................................. alencis 3 ���. Forewing with a narrow median band (width approximately 15 % of forewing length) (Figs. 12���15); reniform spot barely coalesced with median band (Figs. 12���15); scales on thorax wide, no narrow scales; foretibial claws slender with pointed apices (Figs. 21 ���22, 24��� 25).............................................................................................................. 4 4. Median band of forewing tan to rufous, variously infused with black scales (Figs. 12��� 13); thorax dark rufous, not concolorous with median band ................................ ciliata 4 ���. Median band of forewing bright cinnamon��rufous, lacking black scales (Figs. 14���15); thorax concolorous with median band ...................................................... rufocostulata, Published as part of Pogue, Michael G. & Harp, And Charles E., 2005, Systematics of Schinia chrysellus (Grote) complex: Revised status of Schinia alencis (Harvey) with a description of two new species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae), pp. 1-35 in Zootaxa 898 on pages 3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170951

Schinia alencis (Harvy) Revised Status (Figs. 10 ���11, 18, 23, 30���31, 38, 41, 48) Tricopis alencis Harvey 1875: 117.��� Hardwick 1996: 189 [synonym of chrysellus]. Tricopis aleucis auth., misspelling; Grote 1875: 18.��� Grote 1882: 35.��� Grote 1883: 153.��� Grote 1890: 37.��� Grote 1895: 67. Schinia aleucis auth, misspelling; Smith 1891: 54.��� Smith 1893: 275.��� Dyar 1903: 188. ��� Barnes and McDunnough 1917: 39.��� McDunnough 1938: 105. Schinia alencis; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 159.��� Poole 1989: 892.��� Poole and Gentili 1996: 771. Diagnosis. Schinia alencis can be separated from S. chrysellus by the form of the median band in the forewing, which has jagged, irregular margins in alencis (Figs. 10���11) and is less irregular in chrysellus (Figs. 4���5). The reniform spot is either just contiguous or separate from the median band in alencis, but is more absorbed by the median band and never separate in chrysellus. The ventral projection of the frons is more produced in chrysellus (Fig. 16) than in alencis (Fig. 18). In the female genitalia the papillae analis is straight to slightly curved in alencis (Fig. 41) and is obviously curved in chrysellus (Fig. 39). Description. Male. Head: Frons white, ventral lip moderately produced (Fig. 18); vertex white; labial palp long, extends beyond frons, white; eyes large and globular. Thorax: Narrow scales overlaying wide scales, white to light brown; forefemur with dorsal and inner surface tan, outer surface white becoming light tan apically; tibia white with some tan scales medially, largest spine on inner side flat, 2 slender spines dorsal to it, outer side with 4 flat spines that become progressively shorter proximally; tarsi tan with white apical rings on dorsal surface, ventral surface white; middle femur with dorsal surface cream, ventral surface white; tibia cream with white apical ring; tarsi tan with white apical rings; hind femur white; tibia white to tan; tarsi tan with white apical rings; underside white. Forewing: Length 9.72���11.75, mean 10.86 + 0.63 mm (n= 11). Ground color shiny white; basal patch tan to brown; median band broad with wavy margins, light brown to brown and variably over scaled with brown to black; reniform spot round, concolorous with median band, can be variously ringed with black scales, can be contiguous or separate from median band; terminal band broad, tan, subapical spot white, an irregular white vertical band from middle to tornus, black spots at margin between veins with largest at apex and become progressively smaller toward tornus with most never reaching tornus; fringe with short scales concolorous with terminal band, longer scales white, a few black scales at apex; underside gray, subapical and apical patch white, variably distinct white band at approximately 2 / 3 length below end of discal cell, white along posterior margin. Hindwing: Ground color shiny white; marginal band pale grayish��tan, lacking a well��defined inner margin; fringe white. Abdomen: White, distal border of sternites cream; scent pockets and hair pencils on second sternite absent. Genitalia (Figs. 30���31): Uncus elongate, approximately 0.3���0.35 times length of valve, apex blunt with small hook; valve elongate (length approximately 8.3���9.1 X width), costal margin gently curved, posterior margin angulate at 2 / 3 length, apex round; ampulla short to long (0.02���0.06 length of valve); corona with stout spines; sacculus with ventral margin produced; juxta rectangular, height greater than width, ventral margin U��shaped and more sclerotized than rest of juxta; saccus V��shaped; aedoeagus slightly curved, dorsodistal third with fine spines; vesica emerging ventrally, basal diverticulum present, 2 1 / 2 coils; cornuti finely scobinate. Female. As in male except forewing length 9.86���11.61, 10.84 + 0.54 mm (n= 11). Genitalia (Figs. 38, 41): Papilla analis a slightly curved elongate triangle, apex pointed; posterior apophysis approximately 0.81���0.89 X length of anterior apophysis; ductus bursae membranous, elongate; appendix bursae shorter than corpus bursae, with 2 1 / 2 coils; corpus bursae ovate; signa 4 scobinate bars. Type material. Tricopis alencis (Harvey): Male holotype is in BMNH. Type locality: Texas. A genitalic dissection of the holotype is labelled BMNH 650. Type examined. Biology. The life history of Schinia alencis is poorly understood. The larval host plant for S. alencis is suspected to be Heterotheca canescens (DC.) Shinners (Asteraceae), because a female was observed on immature blooms of this plant at Ft. Sill, Comanche Co., Oklamoha in August 2003. Heterotheca canescens, or hoary false goldenaster, is found on prairies, open hills, and roadsides over much of the same range as alencis, and grows in red, brown, or black sandy calcareous clay soils, igneous soils, and sandy gypsiferous loamy soils over its distribution (Semple 1996). Hoary false goldenaster occurs at several of the same localities as Schinia alencis in Oklahoma, Kansas, and New Mexico. This host plant association needs to be confirmed by larval rearings. Schinia alencis flies with chrysellus in southwestern Oklahoma and central Kansas, but flies with Schinia ciliata in northeastern New Mexico and southeastern Colorado. The distribution of this host corresponds with the known collecting localities of S. alencis, except for moth records in central and southern New Mexico (Fig. 48). Distribution (Fig. 48). From southeastern Colorado to southeastern Arizona east to western Oklahoma, northern Texas to southwestern and southeastern Texas. Material Examined. All specimens are from the National Museum of Natural History (USNM) collection except as noted. U.S.A.: ARIZONA: COCHISE CO. Paradise, 1��� 7 July (1 ��, 1 ��), �� genitalia slide USNM 47108, Barnes Coll. COLORADO: [No specific locality] (3 ��, 1 ��), Bruce. BACA CO. Picture Canyon, n of Picnic Area, sw of Campo, 4282 ft., 26 Aug. 2002 (1 ��), genitalia slide USNM 47106, M.G. Pogue & C.E. Harp; Picture Canyon at parking area, 4255 ft., 29 Aug. 2002 (1 ��), C. Harp (CEH); S end of Springfield, Hwy. 385 /287, 4409 ft., 26 Aug. 2002 (1 ��), genitalia slide USNM 47107, M.G. Pogue & C.E. Harp, 28 Aug. 2002 (1 ��), C. Harp (CEH). KANSAS: RILEY CO. Manhattan, campus of Kansas State University, 20���25 Sep. 20 ���25, 2003 (1 ��), J. Matlevski (KSU). NEW MEXICO: [No specific locality], southern, 23���30 Aug. (2 ��), 1���10 Sep. (1 ��), Poling. EDDY CO. White City, 16 Sep. 1963 (1 ��), A. & M.E. Blanchard. LUNA CO. Deming, 1��� 7 July (3 ��, 2 ��), Barnes Coll., no date (2 ��). OTERO CO. High Rolls, Sep. (1 ��). UNION CO. Clayton, 29 Aug. 1964 (1 ��). QUAY CO. San Jon, 12 Sep. 2003 (1 ��) C. Harp (CEH). TORRANCE CO. Gran Quivera, 10 Aug. 1994 (1 ��) D.E. Bowman (CSU). UNION CO. Clayton, 29 Aug. 1964 (1 ��). OKLAHOMA: COMANCHE CO. Ft. Sill, Lawton, CSU study site, West Range, 17���18 Aug. 2003 @ blacklight, M. Garhart & C. Harp, (1 ��) (CSU). COTTON CO. 2 mi w of Walters, along Hwy. # 53 at 1008 ft. elev., 18 Aug. 2003 at building lights, (1 ��) M. Garhart & C. Harp (CEH). JEFFERSON CO. Ryan at blacklight, 3 Sep. 1993 (3 ��), J.M. Nelson (ORU). STEPHENS CO., Lake Fuqua at blacklight, 29 Aug. 1993 (1 ��, 1 ��), J.M. Nelson (ORU). TEXAS CO. Lake Optima at blacklight, 5 Sep. 1993 (1 ��), J.M. Nelson (ORU). TEXAS: [No specific locality], (2 ��) Barnes Coll., (1 ��) Brooklyn Mus. Coll., (2 ��, 1 ��) G.D. Hulst, (1 ��) O. Meske, (3 ��). BAS�� TROP CO. Bastrop State Park, 28 Sep. 1964 (1 ��), A. & M.E. Blanchard. BEXAR CO. San Antonio, (1 ��). BOSQUE CO. Clifton, (1 ��, 1 ��), Belfrage. BRAZOS CO. College Station, 20 Sep. 1978 (1 ��), 12 Oct. 1978 (1 ��), R.S. Peigler, 4 Oct. 1928 (1 ��), S.E. Jones (TAMU). BREWSTER CO. Alpine, 8���14 July 1926 (2 ��), 22���31 Aug. 1926 (1 ��, 1 ��), 1���7 Sep. 1926 (1 ��, 2 ��), 8���14 Sep. 1926 (1 ��, 1 ��), O.C. Poling, 9 Sep. 1963 (1 ��), 11 Sep. 1963 (2 ��), 12 Sep. 1963 (1 ��), 14 Sep. 1963 (1 ��), genitalia slide USNM 47113, 18 Sep. 1963 (2 ��, 2 ��), A. & M.E. Blanchard; Alpine, Davis Mountains, 1 Sep. 1958 (1 ��), 2 Sep. 1958 (3 ��), 3 Sep. 1960 (1 ��), 10 Sep. 1958 (5 ��), R.R. McElvare; 10 mi S Alpine, Davis Mountains, 6 Sep. 1960 (1 ��, 4 ��), R.R. McElvare; Big Bend National Park, Gov. Spring, 23 Sep. 1963 (1 ��), genitalia slide USNM 47109, A. & M.E. Blanchard; Big Bend National Park, Oak Spring, 26 Aug. 1965 (1 ��), A. & M.E. Blanchard. BURNET CO. Shovel Mountain, (1 ��), Barnes Coll. CHAMBERS CO. Black Jack Springs, (1 ��). CHILDRESS CO. 10 mi n of Childress, 31 Aug. 1996, C.W. Bordelon (CWB). COTTLE CO. Paducah, 8 Sep. 1966 (1 ��, 1 ��), A. & M.E. Blanchard. CULBERSON CO. Guadalupe Mts. National Park, Ship on Desert, 6���8 Sep. 1991 (1 ��), E.C. Knudson (TAMU), (1 ��), (AMNH). EL PASO CO. Hueco Tanks State Park, 23 Sep. 1995 (1 ��), E.C. Knudson (ECK), 19 Sep. 1998 (1 ��), R.D. Worthington (UTEP), Franklin Mts., Bajada 740 Tepic at 4000 ft. elev., 1 Aug. 1997 (1 ��), R.D. Worthington (UTEP). HUDSPETH CO. Sierra Blanca, J.K. Adams (JKA). LA SALLE CO. Chaparral Wildlife Management Area, 29���30 Sep. 1989 (3 ��), J. Schaffner (TAMU). KERR CO. Kerrville, no date (1 ��), 21 Sep. 1906 (1 ��), F.C. Pratt, Sep. 1902 (1 ��) H. Lacy, Sep. 1902 (1 ��), Sep. 1904 (1 ��), no date (4 ��, 7 ��), Barnes Coll., 10 Sep (1 ��), H. Lacey (UCB); Mountain Home, 22 Sep. 1906 (1 ��), F.C. Pratt. KLEBURG CO. Kingsville, J.K. Adams (JKA). MONTAGUE CO. [No specific locality], 5 Aug. 1940 (1 ��), 25 Aug. 1940 (1 ��), 29 Aug. 1940 (1 ��, 1 ��), 1 Sep. 1940 (2 ��, 1 ��); 8 mi s Forestburg, 11 Sep. 1940 (1 ��) (USNM), 11 Sep. 1949 (1 ��), L.H. Birdwell (UCD). POTTER CO. Amarillo, 12 Aug. 1977 (1 ��), R.E. Howard (BYU). RANDALL CO. Palo Duro Canyon State Park, 11 Sep. 1966 (1 ��), A. & M.E. Blanchard. UVALDE CO. Garner State Park, 6 Oct. 1984 (1 ��), E.C. Knudson (ECK); Sabinal, 5 Sep. 1910 (2 ��), 10 Sep. 1910 (1 ��), Oct. 1910 (1 ��), F.C. Pratt. VAL VERDE CO. Del Rio, 4 Oct. 1994 (1 ��), E.C. Knudson (ECK). Discussion. Hardwick (1996) gave no explanation for synonymizing S. alencis with S. chrysellus. The species has a long flight period from early July to early October with the bulk of the specimens being collected in August and September., Published as part of Pogue, Michael G. & Harp, And Charles E., 2005, Systematics of Schinia chrysellus (Grote) complex: Revised status of Schinia alencis (Harvey) with a description of two new species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae), pp. 1-35 in Zootaxa 898 on pages 13-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170951, {"references":["Harvey, L. F. (1875) On new species of Tricopis and Homohadena and remarks on Homohadena induta. Canadian Entomologist, 7, 17 - 118.","Hardwick, D. F. (1996) A monograph to the North American Heliothentinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). David F. Hardwick, Ottawa, Ontario, 281 pp.","Grote, A. R. (1875) Check list of the Noctuidae of America, north of Mexico. I. Bombyciae and Noctuelitae (Nonfasciatae). Reinecke and Zesch, Buffalo, New York, 28 pp.","Grote, A. R. (1882) New checklist of North American moths. [no publisher given]. 73 pp.","Grote, A. R. (1883) Introduction to a study of the North American Noctuidae. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 21, 134 - 176.","Grote, A. R. (1890) North American Lepidoptera. Revised checklist of the North American Noctuidae. Part 1. Thyatirinae - Noctuinae. Homeyer and Meyer, Bremen, 52 pp.","Grote, A. R. (1895) List of North American Eupterotidae, Ptilodontidae, Thyatiridae, Apatelidae and Agrotidae. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins zu Bremen 14, 43 - 128.","Smith, J. B. (1891) List of Lepidoptera of boreal America. P. C. Stockhausen, Philadelphia. v., 124 pp.","Smith, J. B. (1893) A catalogue, bibliographical and synonymical, of the species of moths of the Lepidopterous superfamily Noctuidae, found in boreal America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 44, 1 - 424.","Dyar, H. G. (1903 [1902]) A list of North American Lepidoptera and key to the literature of this order of insects. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 52, i - xi, 1 - 723.","Barnes, W. & McDunnough, J. (1917) Check list of the Lepidoptera of boreal America. Herald Press, Decatur, Illinois. ix, 392 pp.","McDunnough, J. (1938) Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America. Part 1. Macrolepidoptera. Memoirs of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 1, 1 - 275.","Franclemont, J. G. & Todd, E. L. (1983) Noctuidae. In: Hodges, R. W., Dominick, T., Davis, D. R., Ferguson, D. C., Franclemont, J. G., Munore, E. G. & Powell, J. A. (Eds.), Check list of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico. University Press, Cambridge, pp. 120 - 159.","Poole, R. W. (1989) Fascicle 118, Noctuidae. Lepidopterorum Catalogus (New Series). E. J. Brill and Flora and Fauna Publications, Leiden, xii, 1313 pp.","Poole, R. W. & Gentili, P. (Eds.) (1996) Nomina Insecta Nearctica. A check list of the insects of North America, Volume 3: Diptera, Lepidoptera, Siphonaptera. Entomological Information Services, Rockville, Maryland, 1143 pp.","Semple, J. C. 1996. A revision of Heterotheca sect. Phyllotheca (Nutt.) Harmes (Compositae: Astereae): the prairie and montane goldenasters of North America. University of Waterloo Biology Series, No. 37, 1 - 164"]}

Schinia rufocostulata Pogue and Harp, new species (Figs. 14 ���15, 20, 25, 34���35, 44���45, 49) Diagnosis. Schinia rufocostulata is distinct from the other species in this group by possessing the bright rufous fascia and the more extensive rufous apical patch in the forewing. The black spots along the outer margin of the forewing are present in ciliata, but absent in rufocostulata. The underside of the forewing is mostly gray in ciliata and cream in rufocostulata. The labial palps are shorter than in ciliata. Description. Male. Head: Frons cream, ventral lip produced (Fig. 20); vertex rufous; labial palp short, barely extends beyond frons, cream; eyes large and globular. Thorax: Scales wide, rufous; forefemur cream, slightly dark at apex, long fringe white; tibia cream, largest spine on inner side slender, round, 2 very slender spines dorsal to it, outer side with 2 slender spines and 1���2 very slender spines that become progressively shorter proximally; tarsi pale cinnamon with white apical rings; middle femur pale cinnamon; tibia pale cinnamon with cream apical rings; tarsi slightly darker than tibia with cream apical rings; hind femur cream; tibia pale cream; tarsi pale cream; underside white. Forewing: Length 9.06���10.04, mean 9.56 + 0.58 mm (n= 5). Ground color shiny white; basal patch cinnamon to rufous, usually a shade lighter than thorax; median band narrow with slightly curved margins, rufous; reniform spot round, concolorous with median band, narrowly contiguous with median band; terminal band white, with large rufous area encompassing apex and extending down costa almost to median band and down outer margin approximately 4 / 5 length, a distinct white apical spot, black spots at outer margin absent; short scales of fringe concolorous with rufous terminal patch, long hairs rufous at apex, rest white; underside cream with pale cinnamon along costa and near apex. Hindwing: Ground color shiny white; marginal band faint, pale cinnamon, widest at apex becoming absent toward anal angle; fringe white. Abdomen: Shiny tannish��white; scent pockets and hair pencils on second sternite absent. Genitalia (Figs. 34���35): Uncus elongate, approximately 0.33 times length of valve, apex blunt with small hook; valve moderately elongate (length approximately 8.3 X width), costal margin gently curved, posterior margin angulate at 2 / 3 length, apex round; ampulla short (0.02 length of valve); corona with stout spines; sacculus with ventral margin produced; juxta rectangular, height greater than width, ventral margin Ushaped and more sclerotized than rest of juxta; saccus V��shaped; aedoeagus slightly curved, dorsodistal third with fine spines; vesica uninflated. Female. As in male except forewing length 9.72���9.86, 9.79 + 0.10 mm (n= 2). Genitalia (Figs. 44���45): Papilla analis an elongate triangle, apex round; posterior apophysis approximately 0.78 X anterior apophysis; ductus bursae membranous, elongate; appendix bursae shorter than corpus bursae, with 2 1 / 2 coils; corpus bursae ovate; signa 4 scobinate bars. Type material. HOLOTYPE: ��, Texas, Brewster Co., Dugout Wells, Big Bend National Park, 27 Aug. 1965, A. & M. E. Blanchard, USNM ENT 0 0 220615, genitalia slide USNM 48031. Deposited in USNM. Biology. Unknown. Etymology: The specific epithet, rufocostulata, describes the unique character of the rufous terminal band extending down costa almost to the median band. Distribution (Fig. 49). Known only from the type locality in southwestern Texas. Material Examined. All specimens are from the National Museum of Natural History (USNM) collection except as noted. PARATYPES: Two males same locality and date as Holotype, �� genitalia slide USNM 48030, 7 Aug. 1964 (1 ��), 13 Sep. 1971 (1 ��), 13 Sep. 1971 (1 ��), A. and M. E. Blanchard; 4 Sep. 1982 (1 ��), 13 Sep. 1982 (1 ��), E. C. Knudson (ECK). Discussion. Schinia rufocostulata is known only from the type locality of Dugout Wells, in Big Bend National Park, Brewster Co., Texas. The apical area of the forewing is distinct in rufocostulata by having the rufous color of the terminal band extending down costa almost to the median band. This character is lacking in ciliata. The specimens show no variation in the median band color as in ciliata., Published as part of Pogue, Michael G. & Harp, And Charles E., 2005, Systematics of Schinia chrysellus (Grote) complex: Revised status of Schinia alencis (Harvey) with a description of two new species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae), pp. 1-35 in Zootaxa 898 on pages 21-22, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170951

Schinia erosa Smith (Figs. 17���18, 23, 31���32, 41, 43, 48) Schinia erosa Smith 1906: 23.��� McDunnough 1938: 105.��� Todd 1982: 76. ��� Poole 1989: 894. ��� Poole and Gentili 1996: 771.��� Hardwick 1996: 178. Schinia albafascia erosa;��� Barnes and McDunnough 1917: 39.��� Franclemont and Todd 1983: 159. Diagnosis. Schinia erosa looks like a washed out S. brunnea. The maculation consists of a reniform spot and in some specimens a faint orbicular spot, with rufous to cream ground color. Schinia brunnea has brown to reddish��brown ground color, an antemedial line, postmedial line, and darker areas in the subterminal area of forewing. The discal spot and marginal band in the hindwing are usually less distinct in erosa than in brunnea. The second sternite in the male abdomen has a vestigial hair pencil in erosa (Fig, 23), which is well developed in brunnea (Fig. 24). In the male genitalia, the most obvious difference is the much shorter uncus and valve in erosa (Fig. 31) than in brunnea (Fig. 33). In the female genitalia, the papillae anales are slightly larger and more slender with a shaper apex in erosa (Fig. 43); in brunnea (Fig. 44) they are somewhat shorter with a slightly more rounded apex. Description. Abdomen (Fig. 23): Second sternite with vestigial hair pencil (usually only a few androconia) and well��developed scent pocket. Male genitalia (Figs. 31���32): Uncus short, length 0.70���0.85 mm (mean = 0.78 + 0.051; n= 6); valve short, length 2.15��� 2.35 mm (mean = 2.25 + 0.089; n= 6), length 7.65 + 0.71 X width (n= 6); saccus narrowly V��shaped; vesica with 3 coils. Female genitalia (Figs. 41, 43): Papillae anales broadly triangulate, apex pointed; eighth segment with coarse scobinations; seventh segment with robust, moderate length setae in several rows along distal margin, concentrated dorsally on segment, extending to or shorter than distal margin of eighth segment. Type material. Lectotype male, in AMNH, designated by Todd (1982). Type locality: Utah [no specific locality]. Not examined. Larval food plant. Isocoma acradenia var. acradenia (E. Greene) E. Greene (Asteraceae). Biology. Hardwick (1996) gave a detailed description of the life history and larva of erosa. Larvae feed on the nominate variety of Isocoma acradenia (Greene) Greene (Asteraceae), Desert Golden��weed or Alkali Jimmy weed. Desert Golden��weed is a low shrub of alkaline soils, growing along seeps, springs, roadsides, and disturbed areas. It is associated with Atriplex, Artemisia and Elymus (Kartesz 1987). Flight period. The main flight seems to be from late summer into early November. Infrequent captures in early May probably are due to favorable weather conditions during particular years, and not evidence of a spring brood. The May specimens were collected only in 1918, the late summer and fall specimens were collected in several years (Fig. 45). Distribution (Fig. 48). From desert areas east of the Peninsular Range of southern California and a single locality in south central Arizona. Material examined. ARIZONA: MARICOPA CO., Phoenix, (1 ��) male genitalia slide USNM 46826, 16 ��� 23 Sep. (1 ��), male genitalia slide USNM 46845, Barnes Coll. CALIFORNIA: RIVERSIDE CO., Chino Canyon, nr. Palm Springs (2 ��); Coachella, 21 Aug. 1936 (1 ��); Indio (1 ��), 1 May 1918 (3 ��, 5 ��), male genitalia slide USNM 46843, J.C. Bradley, Oct. (1 ��), female genitalia slide USNM 47161, Barnes Coll., 23 Oct. 1911 (1 ��), 27 Oct. 1911 (1 ��), male genitalia slide USNM 46842, 30 Oct. 1923 (1 ��), H.G. Dyar, 1 Nov. 1911 (1 ��). SAN BERNARDINO CO., San Bernardino, (1 ��) male genitalia slide USNM 47160. SAN DIEGO CO., Sentenac Canyon, 22 Sep. 1935 (1 ��, 2 ��), female genitalia slide USNM 47162, D. Meadows; The Narrows, 22 Sep. 1935 (1 ��, 2 ��), D. Meadows. Discussion. The locality label of the lectotype specimen of S. erosa designated by Todd (1982) is ���Utah", but this is probably erroneous because all other records are from the Colorado and Mojave deserts of southern California and adjacent Arizona. The other 2 syntypes, 1 male in USNM and 1 female in AMNH, are from Phoenix, Arizona, which is a more logical type locality. Barnes and McDunnough (1917) treated S. erosa as a subspecies of S. albafascia, and this decision was followed by Franclemont and Todd (1983). Poole (1989) and Poole and Gentili (1996) synonymized all subspecies, treating erosa as a synonym of albafascia. Hardwick (1996) elevated erosa to species level based on host plant and distribution, and we agree with the latter on the basis of the host plant distribution and the characters discussed above., Published as part of Pogue, Michael G. & Harp, Charles E., 2004, A review of the Schinia tertia (Grote) species complex (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae), pp. 1-32 in Zootaxa 473 on pages 17-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157415, {"references":["Smith, J. B. (1906) New Noctuidae for 1906. No. 1. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 14, 9 - 30.","McDunnough, J. (1938) Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America. Part 1. Macrolepidoptera. Memoirs of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, Vol No?, 1 - 275.","Todd, E. L. (1982) The noctuid type material of John B. Smith (Lepidoptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin, 1645, 1 - 228.","Poole, R. W. (1989) Fascicle 118, Noctuidae. Lepidopterorum Catalogus (New Series). E. J. Brill and Flora and Fauna Publications, Leiden. xii, 1313 pp.","Poole, R. W. & Gentili, P. (Eds.) (1996) Nomina Insecta Nearctica. A check list of the insects of North America, Volume 3: Diptera, Lepidoptera, Siphonaptera. Entomological Information Services, Rockville, Maryland, 1143 pp.","Hardwick, D. F. (1996) A Monograph to the North American Heliothentinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). David F. Hardwick, Ottawa, Ontario, 281 pp.","Barnes, W. & McDunnough, J. (1917) Check list of the Lepidoptera of boreal America. Herald Press, Decatur, Illinois. ix, 392 pp.","Franclemont, J. G. & Todd, E. L. (1983) Noctuidae. In: Hodges, R. W., Dominick, T., Davis, D. R., Ferguson, D. C., Franclemont, J. G., Munroe, E. G. & Powell, J. A. (Eds.) Check list of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico. University Press, Cambridge, pp. 120 - 159.","Kartesz, J. T. (1987) A Flora of Nevada. Unpublished Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Nevada, Reno."]}

Schinia ferrisi, new species (Figs. 11���12, 22, 29���30, 37, 40, 47) Diagnosis. This species is easily confused with albafascia but can be reliably separated by the lack of a hair pencil on the second sternite of the male. The hindwing discal spot in ferrisi is smaller, less quadrate, and more crescent��shaped than the bold quadrate spot in albafascia. The marginal band in the hindwing is generally less bold and narrower in ferrisi than in albafascia. Schinia ferrisi can be separated from tertia by the shorter uncus in the male genitalia. Description. Adult Male. (Fig. 11). Head. Frons cream with closely appressed scales, ventral lip produced; vertex cream with broad flat scales, not appressed; labial palps cream; eyes large, round. Thorax. Scales cream mixed with pale rufous; foreleg cream suffused with light brown, tibia on medial margin with one elongate robust spine and 1���3 significantly smaller spines, spines on lateral margin variable with 1���2 thick ones near distal apex and 2���3 smaller ones dorsal to these; basitarsus longer than tibia, all tarsi light brown with white apical bands; middle leg cream, white apical band on tibia, tarsi cream with white apical bands; hind leg white, tarsi white. Forewing. Length 9.0���11.0 mm (n= 8); basal area brown, bordered distally by a few black scales, approximately 30 % of wing length; median area white, enclosing reniform spot, width at reniform from 30 to 75 % of wing length, at posterior margin width from 30���70 % of posterior margin length, a thin line of brown scales at border of median area as it curves around reniform spot; orbicular spot faint, pale gray; reniform spot indistinct, bordered proximally and distally by a few black scales; a pale band with a few brown scales at costa, these scales become pale gray as they over scale the reniform spot and continue to posterior margin; subterminal band dark brown, follows curve of white median area, distal margin irregular; a narrow white band distal to subterminal band; outer margin light brown; small black spots between wing veins along outer margin; fringe light brown with a few white scales; underside white with an indistinct black scale patch between veins R and Cu; orbicular spot black; reniform spot black; submarginal band black. Abdomen (Fig. 22): Second sternite hair pencil absent; scent pocket present on fourth sternite and approximately same width as sternite. Male genitalia (Figs. 29���30): Uncus of moderate length, length 0.70��� 0.725 mm (mean = 0.708 + 0.014; n= 3); valve of moderate length, length 2.05��� 2.125 mm (mean = 2.08 + 0.038; n= 3), length 8.69 + 0.83 X width (n= 3); saccus V��shaped; vesica with 3 coils. Female genitalia (Figs. 37, 40): Papillae anales broadly triangulate, apex narrowly rounded; eighth segment with coarse scobinations; seventh segment with robust, moderate length setae in several rows along distal margin, concentrated dorsally on segment, extending to or beyond distal margin of eighth segment. Type material. HOLOTYPE: ��, Arizona, Pima Co., Redington, Barnes Collection, USNM ENT 0 0 142672. Deposited in USNM. PARATYPES: Same locality as type: 3 �� (ENT UNSM 142671, 142673 �� 4), USNM genitalia slide 47328, 3 �� (ENT USNM 142675 �� 7), USNM genitalia slides 47329, 47321 (USNM). ARIZONA: PIMA CO., 32 �� 26.92��� N, 111 �� 01.33��� W, 2910 ft., 13 Sep. 2003 (1 ��), A.D. Zimmerman, 28 Sep. 2003 (1 ��), C.D. Ferris (CDF). SANTA CRUZ CO., Santa Rita Mountains, 24 Sep. 1949 (2 ��), genitalia slide USNM 47332, F.H. Parker (USNM); Pena Blanca Lake Campground, 3850 ft., 13 Sep. 1994 (1 ��), T.E. Dimock (TED). NEW MEXICO: GRANT CO., 32 �� 50.86��� N, 108 �� 35.55��� W, 4390���4400 ft., 5 Sep. 2002 (2 ��, 2 ��), male genitalia slide MGP 1179, C.D. Ferris (CDF). Larval host plant: Unknown. Etymology: Clifford D. Ferris of Laramie, Wyoming sent me (MGP) specimens that I identified as albafascia. After Dr. Ferris insisted that they looked different, I dissected a male and found that there was no hair pencil, which is prominent in albafascia. We are honored to name this species after Dr. Ferris. Flight period. This species flies throughout September (Fig. 45). Distribution (Fig. 47). Known only from southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico. Discussion. The intensity of the hindwing marginal band is variable, ranging from well developed to faint; it may be almost absent in worn specimens. Schinia albafascia varies in the size and intensity of both the hindwing discal spot and the marginal band. In reviewing maps (CEH) of Rabbit brush varieties; Ericameria nauseosa nauseosa var. latisquamea (A. Gray) Neesom & Baird overlaps the general distribution of ferrisi. It occurs in Santa Cruz, Pima, Cochise, Apache, and Navaho counties in Arizona; and San Juan, Rio Arriba, and McKinley counties in northwestern New Mexico., Published as part of Pogue, Michael G. & Harp, Charles E., 2004, A review of the Schinia tertia (Grote) species complex (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae), pp. 1-32 in Zootaxa 473 on pages 15-17, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157415

Key to species of the Schinia tertia complex 1. Forewing with broad white medial band (Figs. 1���11)................................................ 2 1 ���. Forewing with white medial band narrow (Figs. 12���16) or absent (Figs. 17���18)....... 5 2. Hindwing with large black discal spot; wide black marginal band (Figs. 7���16); uncus short (Figs. 27, 29, 31, 33); female papillae anales broadly triangulate with apex pointed to narrowly rounded (Figs. 36���37, 39 ��� 40, 41���44).......................................... 3 2 ���. Hindwing discal spot faint, pale gray, or absent; marginal band pale gray and narrow to absent (Figs. 1���6); uncus elongate (Fig. 25); female papillae anales elongate triangular, apex curved, pointed (Figs. 35, 38)............................................................ tertia 3. Forewing ground color dark brown; white medial band narrow (Figs. 13���16); southern California ................................................................................................. brunnea (part) 3 ���. Forewing ground color brown; white medial band wide (Figs. 7���11); Colorado to California............................................................................................................................ 4 4. Second sternite of male with large hair pencils (Fig. 21); Colorado to California......... ........................................................................................................................ albafascia 4 ���. Second sternite of male lacking hair pencils (Fig. 22); Arizona and southwestern New Mexico.......................................................................................... ........................ ferrisi 5. Forewing ground color cream to rufous (Figs. 17���18); second sternite in male with a vestigial hair pencil (Fig. 23) ...................................................................... erosa (part) 5 ���. Forewing ground color reddish��brown to dark brown (Figs. 12���16); second sternite in male with a well developed hair pencil (Fig. 24) ..................................... brunnea (part), Published as part of Pogue, Michael G. & Harp, Charles E., 2004, A review of the Schinia tertia (Grote) species complex (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae), pp. 1-32 in Zootaxa 473 on page 3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157415

Schinia albafascia Smith, revised status (Figs. 7���9, 21, 27���28, 36, 39, 47) Schinia albafascia Smith 1883: 231.��� Smith 1893: 279.��� Dyar 1903: 188.��� Holland 1903: 228.��� Barnes and McDunnough 1917: 39.��� McDunnough 1938: 105.��� Franclemont and Todd 1983: 159.��� Poole 1989: 892.��� Poole and Gentili 1996: 771.��� Hardwick 1996: 176. Diagnosis. Schinia albafascia shares the large quadrate discal spot in the hindwing with S. brunnea Barnes and McDunnough, but the discal spot can be contiguous with the wide marginal band in brunnea, whereas the discal spot is never contiguous with the narrow marginal band in albafascia. The second sternite in albafascia has a well��developed hair pencil and associated scent pocket that extend closer to the distal margin of sternite 4 (Fig. 21); in brunnea the scent pocket is slightly smaller and the hair pencil is less dense (Fig. 24). The valve is slightly longer in brunnea (mean length 2.55 mm + 0.063) than in albafascia (mean length 2.41 mm + 0.129) and also narrower (length 8.65 + 1.29 X width (n= 6)) than in albafascia (length 7.78 + 0.99 X width (n= 9). The V��shaped saccus is slightly narrower in albafascia than in brunnea. The width of the female papillae anales is narrower and the apex is slightly more pointed in albafascia (Fig. 39) than in brunnea (Fig. 44). Description. Abdomen (Fig. 21): Second sternite with well��developed hair pencil and scent pocket. Male genitalia (Figs. 27���28): Uncus moderately long, length 0.85���0.90 mm (mean = 0.87 + 0.043; n= 9); valve moderately long, length 2.20���2.55 mm (mean = 2.47 + 0.137; n= 9), length 7.78 + 0.99 X width (n= 9); saccus narrowly V��shaped; vesica with 3 coils. Female genitalia (Figs. 36, 39): Papillae anales broadly triangulate, apex pointed; eighth segment with coarse scobinations; seventh segment with slender, moderately long setae in several rows along distal margin, concentrated dorsally on segment, extending to or just before distal margin of eighth segment. Type material. Holotype male, in USNM. Type locality: Utah [no specific locality]. Type examined. Larval food plant. Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird (Asteraceae). Biology. Schinia albafascia utilizes Rabbit brush, Ericameria nauseosa (Asteraceae), as its larval food plant. Of the 22 varieties of Rabbit brush currently recognized, albafascia uses at least three. Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird ssp. nauseosa Nesom & Baird var. speciosa (Nutt.) Nesom & Baird and var. hololeuca (A. Gray) Nesom & Baird supports the lighter phenotype in desert scrub habitats from the western part of its range. The variety glabrata (A. Gray) Nesom & Baird supports the darker phenotype from the Colorado foothills into New Mexico and Arizona. Adults of albafascia are most active on Rabbit brush towards dusk, where they rest on top of flower heads that are approaching full bloom. They are very wary, and readily fly off when approached. Throughout most of its range, albafascia flies sympatrically with S. unimacula Smith, and a week or two earlier than S. walsinghami (Hy. Edwards), which also uses Rabbit brush as a larval host. Flight period. Late summer and early fall, with records from mid��July to early October, most specimens collected during August and September. Schinia albafascia peaks in early September versus late August for S. tertia (Fig. 45). Distribution (Fig. 47). From southwestern Montana and Idaho, west to Oregon, south to central and southern California, east to Arizona, New Mexico, and Colorado. Material examined. ARIZONA: No specific locality (1 ��, 4 ��), Barnes Collection. APACHE CO., White Mtns., nr. McNarry PO, 15���30 Sep. 1925 (1 ��), O.C. Poling. COCHISE CO., Huachuca Mtns., 0.5 mi W Hwy. 92, Lot 4, Ash Canyon Road, 5100 ft., Sep. 1980 (2 ��), 27 Sep. 1989 (2 ��), N. McFarland (CEH), 22 Aug. 1989, 21 Sep. 1989, N. McFarland (UAT); Paradise, (2 ��), male genitalia slide USNM 46825, Barnes Coll., 1925 (1 ��), O. Duffner, Sep. (4 ��), 8���15 Sep. (1 ��), Barnes Coll.; Portal, 2���3 Aug. 1999, C. W. Bordelon (TLS). COCONINO CO., Cameron, nr. Little Colorado River, 4280 ft., 7 Sep. 1995, J.K. Adams (JKA); Colorado River, Grand Canyon National Park, mi 8.0 L, old high water, 30 Aug. 2002 (1 ��), R.J. Delph (NAU). MARICOPA CO., Tempe, 15 Aug. 1959, F.G. Werner & W.L. Nutting (UAT), 11 Sep. 1992, E.V. Walter & M. Martinez (UAT); Phoenix, (1 ��), 2 Sep. 1905 (1 ��) (CNC), 13 Sep. 1904 (1 ��), 24���30 Sep. (1 ��). MOHAVE CO., [No specific locality], 16���23 Sep. (1 ��), Barnes Collection; Kingman, 1��� 8 Oct. (1 ��, 1 ��); Lake Havasu City, 2255 College Ave., 21 Oct. 1992, R. Gillmore (JFS). PIMA CO., Organ Pipe National Monument, Quitobaquito Mgmt. Area, 23 Sep. 1984, Bailowitz (UAT); Tucson, 30 Oct. 1977, F.G. Werner (UAT); Baboquivari Mtns. (LACM). PINAL CO., Pinal Mtns. (LACM). SANTA CRUZ CO., Madera Canyon (LACM); Harshaw Wash, S of Patagonia, 4600 ft., 17 Sep. 1992 (2 ��), D. F. & V. Hardwick (CNC). CALIFORNIA: KERN CO., 38 mi E Baker, 10 Sep. 1934 (1 ��), R.R. McElvare; Walker Pass (AMNH); Mt. Pinos, McGill Campground, 7310 ft., 10 Aug. 1996, T. E. Dimock (TED). LOS ANGELES CO., Mint Canyon, 17 Oct. 1941 (1 ��); summit of Mint Canyon, 6 Oct. 1950 (1 ��); Palm Village, 6 Oct. 1946 (1m 1 ��). MONO CO., 1 mi N Lee Vining, on shore of Mono Lake, 4 Sep. 1978, R. Holland (AMNH). RIVERSIDE CO., Palm Springs (AMNH); Rancho La Sierra (AMNH); Aguanga, R.H. Leuschner (RHL). SAN BERNAR�� DINO CO., Ivanpah Mts., 5 Sep. 1934 (6 ��, 1 ��), male genitalia slide USNM 46814, 10 Sep. 1934 (1 ��, 3 ��), 15 Sep. 1934 (1 ��), R.R. McElvare; eastern Mohave Desert, Ivanpah, 3700 ft., Oct. 1990, D.F. Hardwick (CNC); Ivanpah, June 1991 (1 ��, 2 ��) (CNC); Ivanpah, New York Mountains, 3700 ft., 14 Sep. 1990 (3 ��), D. & V. Hardwick (CNC); Loma Linda, 16���23 Sep. (2 ��), male genitalia slide USNM 47133, Barnes Coll.; New York Mountains, 4400 ft., 24 Sep. 1990 (1 ��, 1 ��), D. & V. Hardwick (CNC); Wheaton Springs, Mescal Range, 5 Sep. 1953 (1 ��, 1 ��). SAN DIEGO CO., Warner���s, Sep. 1919 (4 ��, 4 ��), G. H. Field; Julian (AMNH). TULARE CO. Kennedy Meadows (LACM). VENTURA CO., Apache Canyon, 5 Sep. 1997, T.E. Dimock (TED); Cuyama Valley, Apache Canyon 0.8 mi E of Hwy. 33, 3500 ft., 26 Sep. 1997, T.E. Dimock (TED). COLORADO: No specific locality (7 ��, 8 ��). ADAMS CO., Bennett, Hwy. 36, nr. Post Office, 5547 ft., 31 Aug. 2001 (1 ��), C. Harp (CEH). ALAMOSA CO., Brandt Ranch, 2285 ��, 15 Aug. 1992, J.H. Brandt & R. Peigler (DMNS). ARAPAHOE CO., S of Manilla, gas station, Hwy. I�� 70 at Manilla Rd., 5486 ft., 23 Aug. 1999 (1 ��), C. Harp (CEH). BOULDER CO., Lyons, 16 Aug. 1973, Knowlton & Hanson (USU). DENVER CO., Denver (7 ��, 5 ��), male genitalia slide USNM 46816, female genitalia slide USNM 46819. FREMONT CO., 4.6 mi SE Salida on W side of US 50, 7100 ft., 22 Aug. 1997 (2 ��), D.J. Wright (DJW). GARFIELD CO., Glenwood Springs, 24���30 July (1 ��), 1��� 7 Aug. (1 ��), 16���23 Aug. (1 ��, 2 ��), 8���15 Aug. (3 ��), 20 Aug. 1895, Sep. 1895 (2 ��), W. Barnes. JEFFERSON CO., Littleton, S. Wadsworth, s of C�� 470, Lockheed Martin Park, 5523 ft., 31 Aug. 2001 (1 ��), 3 Sep. 2001 (2 ��), 4 Sep. 2001 (1 ��), 6 Sep. 2002 (3 ��, 4 ��), 8 Sep. 2002 (3 ��, 9 ��), C. Harp (CEH); Lakewood, 20 Aug. 1995, R. Peigler (DMNS). LA PLATA CO., Durango (1 ��). LARIMER CO., Fort Collins (1 ��), female genitalia slide USNM 46818; Fort Collins, 5100 Greenview Ct., 11 Aug. 1989, P.A. Opler (DMNS); east side of Hwy. # 287, T 10 N R 70 W sec. 21, 5980 ft., 23 Aug. 1997, 26 Aug. 1998, C. Ferris (UWL). LINCOLN CO., Limon, gas station, S of I�� 70 @ exit 359, 5356 ft., 19 Aug. 1998 (1 ��), 27 Aug. 1999 (1 ��), C. Harp (CEH). MESA CO., Colorado National Monument, headquarters nr. West Entrance, 30 Sep. 1996 (2 ��), P. Opler & E. Buckner (CEH); Colorado National Monument, East Entrance, 4890 ft., 9 Aug. 1996 (1 ��), Rodgers family (CEH). MOFFAT CO., Dinosaur National Monument, 2 Aug. 1992, H. Delafield Jr. (CSU). MONTEZUMA CO., 20 km W of Cortez, 3 Sep. 1989, R. Peigler & M. Weissman (AMNH), (DMNS), (MSU), (UCM). MORGAN CO., 12 mi SSW of Ft. Morgan, 16 Aug. 1990, M.D. Browers et al. (UCM). OTERO CO., Rocky Ford, 24 Aug. 1993, R. Peigler & M.J. Weissman (CSU). PUEBLO CO., 5 mi N Pueblo, 5100 ft., 22 Aug. 1975 (2 ��), Lafontaine & Bowen (EHM), (CNC). WELD CO., 3 mi N of Windsor, 23 Aug. 1997, Pineda (CSU). IDAHO: BUTTE CO., Craters of the Moon National Monument, 25 July 1965, D.S. Horning (UIM). GOODING CO., Wendell, 3500 ft., 29 July 1965, R.E. Miller (UIM). ONEIDA CO., Curlew NG, 5 mi SSE Holbrook, 4800 ft., 18 July 2001 (1 ��), 1 Aug. 2001 (2 ��), D. J. Wright (DJW). PAYETTE CO., Parma, 2231 ft., 1 Sep. 1951, A.J. Walz (UIM). MONTANA: BROADWATER CO., Twp. 2 N, Range 1 E, 9 Aug. 1927 (1 ��) (CNC). JEFFERSON CO. T 2 N R 1 W, 17���22 Aug. 1927 (MSUB), 8 Aug. 1927 (RH). NEVADA: CLARK CO., Searchlight, downtown school, along Hwy. # 95, 3490 ft., 19 Sep. 2000 (1 ��), C. Harp (CEH); Searchlight, N end of town off Hwy # 95 at church, 19 Sep. 2000 (7 ��), C. Harp (CEH); Searchlight, S end of town, along Hwy # 95 at gas station, 19 Sep. 2000 (1 ��), C. Harp (CEH); Newberry Mtns., Christmas Tree Pass Rd., 5.5 mi E of Hwy. # 95, (1 ��), 25 Sep. 1984, G.T. Austin (NSM); Hwy. # 93, 6 mi N of I�� 15, 21 Sep. 1983, 21 Sep. 1984 (1 ��), G.T. Austin (NSM); Hwy. # 161, 2 mi W of Hwy. # 159, 8 Oct. 1983, G.T. Austin (NSM). DOUGLAS CO., Topaz Lake, 25 Aug. 1983, G.T. Austin (NSM). ELKO CO., Angel Lake road, above Wells, 7000 ft., 20 July 1971 (1 ��), D.C. Ferguson; N end of Teano Range, Hwy. # 244, 27 Aug. 1984, G.T. Austin (NSM). ESMER�� ALDA CO., No specific locality (3 ��, 3 ��). HUMBOLDT CO., 6 mi N Winnemucca, 4400 ft., 20 Sep. 2001 (2 ��), Crabo & Troubridge (LGC). LINCOLN CO., 4.9 mi S of Elgin, Meadow Valley Wash, 22 Sep. 1984, G.T. Austin (NSM); 4 mi SSE Alamo, 3600 ft., 27 Sep. 1969 (1 ��), D. F. Hardwick (CNC); 8 mi S Pioche, 4900 ft., 3 Sep. 1965 (5 ��), D. F. Hardwick (CNC); 10 mi E Panaca, 6500 ft., 1 Sep. 1965 (2 ��), D. F. Hardwick (CNC). LYON CO., Hwy. # 50 A, 1.8 mi S of Hwy. # 95 at Fernley, 7 Sep. 1984, G.T. Austin (NSM). NYE CO., Mercury, 26 Aug. 1959 (4 ��, 1 ��). STOREY CO., Six Mile Creek, 5600 ft., 29 Aug. 2000 (1 ��), J. Troubridge (CNC). WASHOE CO., Reno, 16���23 Aug. (1 ��); Toiyabe Mtns., Peavine Creek Cmgd., 29 Aug. 1984, G.T. Austin (NSM); Toiyabe Mtns., Jett Canyon, 24 Aug. 1984, G.T. Austin (NSM). NEW MEXICO: BERNALILLO CO., Albuquerque, Tijeras Canyon @ Four Hills, 5900 ft., 13 Sep. 1968, R. Holland (RHA). COLFAX CO., Cimarron, Hwy. # 58 @ Hwy. # 64, 6422 ft., 12 Aug. 2002 (1 ��), C. Harp (CEH). GRANT CO., Gila R. W��L Area, 4400 ft., 24 Sep. 2003 (1 ��, 1 ��) MCKINLEY CO., Ft. Wingate, 1���15 Sep. (1 ��). SANDOVAL CO., Jemez Springs, 8���15 Aug. (6 ��, 1 ��), male genitalia slides USNM 46829 �� 30, 16 ��� 23 Aug. (14 ��, 3 ��), 28 Aug. 1916 (1 ��); near Jemez Springs (1 ��, 1 ��), J. Woodgate; Albuquerque, Juan Tabo Picnic area, west slope of Sandia Mtns., 7300 ft., 12 Sep. 1968, R. Holland (RHA). TAOS CO., Valdez, 10 Sep. 1964, B. Cambell (USU). OREGON: BAKER CO., Bridgeport, 3530 ft., 22 Aug. 2001 (5 ��, 1 ��), L.G. Crabo (LGC). HARNEY CO., dunes, 1 mi N of Denio, Nevada, 20 July 2001 (1 ��), Lafontaine & Troubridge (CNC). JOSEPHINE CO., 8 Dollar Mtn. Rd., 1125 ft., 29 Aug. 2002 (1 ��), J. Troubridge (CNC). KLAMATH CO., 12 mi E Klamath Falls, 6 Aug. 1966 (1 ��, 1 ��), K.J. Gaeden (ODA). LAKE CO., Alkali Lake, 4390 ft., 19 July 2001 (1 ��), Troubridge, Crabo, & Lafontaine; 20 mi N Lakeview, 4 Aug. 1966 (1 ��), K.J. Gaeden (ODA); S end of Summer Lake, 24 Aug. 1965 (1 ��), K.J. Gaeden (ODA). MAL�� HEUR CO., Namorf, 21 Aug. 2001 (8 ��, 2 ��), L.G. Crabo (LGC); Namorf, 2700 ft., 31 Aug. 2002 (3 ��), J. Troubridge (CNC); Ontario, 10 Aug. 1963 (1 ��), K.J. Gaeden (ODA). UTAH: southern (1 ��), O.C. Poling. BEAVER CO., Milford, Aug. (1 ��). BOX ELDER CO., Snowville, 14 Aug. 1971, G.F. Knowlton (USU). CACHE CO., Logan, 9 Aug. 1939, G.F. Knowlton (USU). DAGGETT CO., Brown���s Park, 23 Aug. 1987, R.C. Mower (AMNH). EMERY CO., 2 air mi W of Little Gilson Butte, San Rafael Desert area, 15���17 Sep. 1980, D. Viers (USU). GARFIELD CO., 2 mi NW Hot Spring, 29 Aug. 1986 (3 ��), male genitalia slide USNM 46815, A.S. Menke; Starr Springs, 36 mi S Hanksville, 6300 ft., 27 Aug. 1971 (1 ��), D. F. Hardwick (CNC). JUAB CO., Eureka, 1 Aug. (4 ��, 1 ��), 2 Aug. (2 ��, 3 ��), 4 Aug. (1 ��), 9 Aug. (1 ��), 19 Aug. (1 ��), T. Spaulding; Trout Creek, 20 July 1922, T. Spaulding (BYU). SANPETE CO., Ephraim Canyon, 6000 ft., 23 July 1981 (1 ��), D.C. Ferguson; 2.5 mi N of Fairview, 17 Aug. 1990, R.C. Mower (BYU). SEVEIR CO., Richfield, 15 Aug. 1930 (2 ��), 26 Aug. 1929 (1 ��), D. E. Fox (CNC). UINTAH CO., vic. of Bonanza, 21 Aug. 1987, R.C. Mower (AMNH); Dinosaur National Monument, 17 Aug. 1958, M. May (AMNH). UTAH CO., Dividend, July (1 ��), 14 July (1 ��), 21 July (1 ��), 22 July (1 ��), 24 July (1 ��), 11 Aug. (1 ��), 24 Aug. 1921 (BYU), T. Spaulding; Orem, 12 July (1 ��), 16 July (1 ��), female genitalia slide USNM 46820, T. Spaulding, 9 Aug. 1936 (2 ��), G.F. Knowlton. WASATCH CO., 5 mi S Midway, 29 July 1971 (1 ��), male genitalia slide USNM 46827, D.C. Ferguson. WASHINGTON CO., Leeds Canyon, 6 June 1964, W.I. Ranson (USU); Zion National Park, Oak Creek, 3 Sep. 1981, C.R. Nelson (USU). WAYNE CO., Capitol Reef, 15 Sep. 1979, C. Hatley & G. Briggs (USU). WYOMING: FREMONT CO. [no specific locality], C.D. Ferris (CDF); 10 mi SE Lander, 5600 ft., 31 Aug. 1964 (1 ��), D. F. Hardwick (CNC). JOHNSON CO. 32 mi E of Buffalo, roadside near Hwy. I�� 90, mkr. # 89, at gas station lights, 3943 ft., 22 July 2003 (1 ��), C. Harp (CEH). PLATTE CO. Glendo State Park, 15 July 1995, P.A. Opler (CSU). UINTA CO. Evanston, 25 July 1994, R.L. Langston (RLL). WASHAKIE CO. [no specific locality], C.D. Ferris (CDF). Discussion. Hardwick (1996) treated S. albafascia as a synonym of S. tertia. As discussed above, there are many differences that separate these two species. Smith (1883) pointed out the broader pale area of the forewing, which gives S. albafascia its whiter appearance, and the more distinct discal spot and outer margin of the hindwing., Published as part of Pogue, Michael G. & Harp, Charles E., 2004, A review of the Schinia tertia (Grote) species complex (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae), pp. 1-32 in Zootaxa 473 on pages 11-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157415, {"references":["Smith, J. B. (1883). Synopsis of the North American Heliothinae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 10, 205 - 256.","Smith, J. B. (1893) A catalogue, bibliographical and synonymical, of the species of moths of the Lepidopterous superfamily Noctuidae, found in boreal America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 44, 1 - 424.","Dyar, H. G. (1903) A list of North American Lepidoptera and key to the literature of this Order of insects. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 52: i - xi, 1 - 723. [Imprint 1902].","Holland, W. J. (1903) The Moth Book. Doubleday, Page, and Co. New York, 479 pp.","Barnes, W. & McDunnough, J. (1917) Check list of the Lepidoptera of boreal America. Herald Press, Decatur, Illinois. ix, 392 pp.","McDunnough, J. (1938) Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America. Part 1. Macrolepidoptera. Memoirs of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, Vol No?, 1 - 275.","Franclemont, J. G. & Todd, E. L. (1983) Noctuidae. In: Hodges, R. W., Dominick, T., Davis, D. R., Ferguson, D. C., Franclemont, J. G., Munroe, E. G. & Powell, J. A. (Eds.) Check list of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico. University Press, Cambridge, pp. 120 - 159.","Poole, R. W. (1989) Fascicle 118, Noctuidae. Lepidopterorum Catalogus (New Series). E. J. Brill and Flora and Fauna Publications, Leiden. xii, 1313 pp.","Poole, R. W. & Gentili, P. (Eds.) (1996) Nomina Insecta Nearctica. A check list of the insects of North America, Volume 3: Diptera, Lepidoptera, Siphonaptera. Entomological Information Services, Rockville, Maryland, 1143 pp.","Hardwick, D. F. (1996) A Monograph to the North American Heliothentinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). David F. Hardwick, Ottawa, Ontario, 281 pp."]}

Schinia brunnea Barnes and McDunnough, revised status (Figs. 12���16, 24, 33���34, 42, 44, 49) Schinia brunnea Barnes and McDunnough 1913: 104.��� Barnes and McDunnough 1917: 39.��� McDunnough 1938: 105.��� Franclemont and Todd 1983: 159.��� Poole 1989: 893.��� Poole and Gentili 1996: 771.��� Hardwick 1996: 178. [synonymy]. Diagnosis. The differences between brunnea. albafascia, and erosa are discussed above. Description. Abdomen (Fig. 24): Second sternite with well��developed hair pencil and scent pocket. Male genitalia (Figs. 33���34): Uncus moderately long, length 0.85���0.90 mm (mean = 0.875 + 0.027; n= 6); valve moderately long, length 2.45���2.65 mm (mean = 2.55 + 0.063; n= 6), length 8.65 + 1.29 X width (n= 6); saccus V��shaped; vesica with 3 coils. Female genitalia (Figs. 42, 44): Papillae anales broadly triangulate, apex narrowly rounded; eighth segment with coarse scobinations; seventh segment with robust, moderate length setae in several rows along distal margin, concentrated dorsally on segment, extending to or shorter than distal margin of eighth segment. Type material. Lectotype male, in USNM, designated by Hardwick (1996). Type locality: Loma Linda, San Bernardino, California. Type examined. Flight period. Late summer to early fall, with a peak from mid��September to mid�� October (Fig. 45). Distribution (Fig. 49). From desert areas west of the Peninsular Range and south of the Transverse Range of southern California. Material examined. CALIFORNIA: LOS ANGELES CO., Azusa, 12 Oct. 1939 (1 ��, 2 ��), female genitalia slide USNM 43164; Glendale, 22 Sep. (1 ��), female genitalia slide USNM 46821, E. D. Jones. ORANGE CO., Olive, 5 Sep. 1962 (1 ��), J. Wilcox (CNC); Rancho Mission Viejo, 23���25 Sep. 1999 (1 ��), male genitalia slide MGP 11142 (CEH), 14���20 Sep. 1999 (2 ��) (CNC), 15���18 Sep. 1999 (15 ��, 3 ��), male genitalia slide MGP 1150 (CSU), 15���18 Sep. 1999 (2 ��) (CNC), N. Bloomfield. RIVERSIDE CO., Riverside, 11 Sep. 1946 (1 ��), G. H. & J. L. Sperry. SAN BERNARDINO CO., Loma Linda, 8���15 Sep. (4 ��, 1 ��), male genitalia slides USNM 47156 �� 8, female genitalia slide USNM 46839, 16 ��� 23 Sep. (1 ��), 28 Sep. (1 ��), 8���15 Oct. (4 ��), female genitalia slide USNM 47163, Barnes Coll.; San Bernardino, (1 ��), 8���15 Oct. (3 ��), Barnes Coll. SAN DIEGO CO., Dulzura, 15 Sep. 1926 (1 ��, 1 ��), Barnes Coll.; San Diego, (6 ��) genitalia slides USNM 46838, 47155, 47159, Barnes Coll.; Warner���s, Sep. 1919 (1 ��), G. H. Field. Discussion. Hardwick (1996) synonymized brunnea with erosa but gave no explanation for this decision. The male genitalia in brunnea are actually more similar to those of albafascia than those of erosa. The main differences are in the valve, which is narrower in brunnea and wider in albafascia, and in the saccus, which is narrower in albafascia and slightly wider in brunnea. Several specimens from Orange and Los Angeles counties have a darker brown ground color in the forewing than typical specimens from San Diego and San Bernardino counties, which have a dark reddish��brown ground color. In addition, there are some specimens from Orange County that are intermediate between the reddish and dark brown specimens. The distribution of brunnea is west of the Peninsular Range and south of the Transverse Range in southern California; erosa is distributed in the deserts east of the Peninsular Range., Published as part of Pogue, Michael G. & Harp, Charles E., 2004, A review of the Schinia tertia (Grote) species complex (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae), pp. 1-32 in Zootaxa 473 on pages 18-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157415, {"references":["Barnes, W. & McDunnough, J. (1913) New N. Am. Lepidoptera with notes on described species. Contributions to the Natural History of the Lepidoptera of North America, 2 (3), 93 - 162, 9 plates.","Barnes, W. & McDunnough, J. (1917) Check list of the Lepidoptera of boreal America. Herald Press, Decatur, Illinois. ix, 392 pp.","McDunnough, J. (1938) Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America. Part 1. Macrolepidoptera. Memoirs of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, Vol No?, 1 - 275.","Franclemont, J. G. & Todd, E. L. (1983) Noctuidae. In: Hodges, R. W., Dominick, T., Davis, D. R., Ferguson, D. C., Franclemont, J. G., Munroe, E. G. & Powell, J. A. (Eds.) Check list of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico. University Press, Cambridge, pp. 120 - 159.","Poole, R. W. (1989) Fascicle 118, Noctuidae. Lepidopterorum Catalogus (New Series). E. J. Brill and Flora and Fauna Publications, Leiden. xii, 1313 pp.","Poole, R. W. & Gentili, P. (Eds.) (1996) Nomina Insecta Nearctica. A check list of the insects of North America, Volume 3: Diptera, Lepidoptera, Siphonaptera. Entomological Information Services, Rockville, Maryland, 1143 pp.","Hardwick, D. F. (1996) A Monograph to the North American Heliothentinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). David F. Hardwick, Ottawa, Ontario, 281 pp."]}

Schinia tertia (Grote) (Figs. 1���6, 19��� 20, 25���26, 35, 38, 46) Tamila tertia Grote, 1874: 212.��� Grote 1875: 219.��� Harvey 1875: 10. Schinia tertia: Smith 1883: 231.��� Smith 1891: 54.��� Smith 1893: 279.��� Dyar 1903: 189.��� Holland 1903: 228.��� Barnes and McDunnough 1917: 39.��� McDunnough 1938: 105.��� Franclemont and Todd 1983: 159.��� Poole 1989: 897.��� Poole and Gentili 1996: 772.��� Hardwick 1996: 176. Schinia megarena Smith, 1906: 27.��� Poole 1989: 895 [synonym].��� Poole and Gentili 1996: 772 [synonym].��� Hardwick 1996: 177 [valid species]. Revised synonymy. Schinia tertia megarena; Barnes and McDunnough 1917: 39.��� McDunnough 1938: 105.��� Franclemont and Todd 1983: 159. Diagnosis. Hardwick (1996) synonymized S. albafascia with S. tertia, but gave no reason for this decision. Schinia albafascia is distinguished by the presence of a large, black quadrate discal spot in the hindwing, which is either absent or only faint and crescentshaped in tertia. The marginal band in the hindwing of albafascia is wider and more darkly colored than that of tertia. The prominent white medial band in the forewing of albafascia is wider than in tertia. In albafascia this band is approximately 30 % of the length of the forewing, measured along the posterior margin, whereas in tertia it is approximately 15 %. The second sternite in the male abdomen of albafascia has a large hair pencil and scent pocket; in tertia the hair pencil is absent and the scent pocket is vestigial. In the male genitalia, the uncus is noticeably longer in tertia (Fig. 25) than in albafascia (Fig. 27), and the vesica has 2 1 / 2 coils (Fig. 26) compared to 3 in albafascia (Fig. 28). In the female genitalia, the papillae anales are sharply curved and have a pointed apex and in tertia (Fig. 38), and are less pointed and more broadly triangulate in albafascia (Fig. 39). Description. Abdomen (Figs. 19���20): Second sternite with hair pencil absent and a scent pocket absent (Fig. 19) or vestigial (Fig. 20). Male genitalia (Figs. 25���26): Uncus elongate, length 0.95���1.10 mm (mean = 1.025 + 0.045; n= 12); valve elongate, length 2.50���2.90 mm (mean = 2.718 + 0.118; n= 11); length 9.24 + 1.02 X width (n= 11); saccus V��shaped. Vesica with 2 1 / 2 coils. Female genitalia (Figs. 35, 38): Papillae anales elongate triangular, apex curved, pointed eighth segment with minute scobinations; seventh segment with robust, elongate setae in several rows along distal margin, evenly distributed around segment, extending above distal margin of eighth segment. Type material. Lectotype female, of Tamila tertia Grote, in BMNH, designated by Hardwick (1996). Type locality: Texas. Not examined. Lectotype male, of Schinia megarena Smith, in AMNH, designated by Todd (1982). Type locality: Utah [no specific locality]. Not examined. Larval food plant. Unknown. Biology. The life history of tertia is not known, but females have been observed in Kansas, Oklahoma, and eastern Colorado resting in a head down position on early blooms of Liatris punctata Hooker var. nebraskana Gaiser (CEH). The nominate variety of L. punctata overlaps much of this range, but extends into eastern Montana and North Dakota, but no tertia have been collected from this area. A third variety, mexicana Gaiser, may account for specimens from western Texas and southern New Mexico. In areas of overlap with S. albafascia in the Colorado foothills, tertia flies two to three weeks earlier and occurs in a different habitat. Throughout much of its range, S. tertia can be the most common heliothine at lights. It regularly occurs with other species of Schinia including S. grandimedia Hardwick, S. sexplagiata Smith, S. ciliata Smith, S. gaurae (J. E. Smith), S. coercita (Grote), and S. simplex Smith in the western part of its range. In Kansas, Oklahoma, and central Texas S. tertia flies with S. nundina (Drury), S. lynx (Guen��e), S. nubila (Strecker), S. ultima (Strecker), S. saturata (Grote), S. mortua (Grote), S. chrysella (Grote), S. gaurae, and S. sordida Smith. Flight period. Collection records indicate perhaps 2 broods. There are 3 specimens in the USNM collection from Burnet Co., Texas, collected from 1���15 April and another specimen from Brazos Co., Texas, collected the end of May. There are a few specimens from July, but the principle brood begins flying in August with the majority from mid August to early September with a steady decrease into October (Fig. 45). Distribution (Fig. 46). From Minnesota to Illinois, Iowa, eastern Missouri, Arkansas, Mississippi, Texas, west to Idaho, Utah, and south to southern California, Arizona, and New Mexico. Material examined. All specimens are in the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, unless otherwise noted. ARIZONA: APACHE CO., Baboquivari Mts., 11 Sep. 1924 (1 ��), male genitalia slide USNM 46844, R.R. McElvare. COCONINO CO., Colorado River, Grand Canyon National Park, mi 74.4 R, old high water, 2 Sep. 2001 (2 ��), J. Rundall (NAU); Colorado River, Grand Canyon National Park, mi 92.3 L, new high water (1 ��), old high water (2 ��), 3 Sep. 2001, J. Rundall (NAU); Colorado River, Grand Canyon National Park, mi 122.8 L, old high water, 4 Sep. 2001 (1 ��), J. Rundall (NAU); Colorado River, Grand Canyon National Park, mi 166.5 L, shore, 1 Sep. 2003 (1 ��), R.J. Delph (NAU). MOHAVE CO., Colorado River, Grand Canyon National Park, mi 180.8 R, shore (1 ��, 3 ��), old high water (1 ��), new high water (1 ��), 2 Sep. 2003, R.J. Delph (NAU). MARICOPA CO., Wickenburg, 2000 ���, 25 Sep. 1980 (1 ��), 12 Oct. 1980 (1 ��), D. & V. Hardwick (CNC). YAVAPAI CO., Granite Dells, 4 mi N of Prescott, 28 Aug. 1970 (1 ��), 2 Sep. 1970 (1 ��), 6 Sep. 1970 (1 ��), L. M. Martin (CNC); Prescott, 1��� 7 Sep. (1 ��), Barnes Collection. ARKANSAS: HEMPSTEAD CO., Hope, 11 Aug. 1926 (1 ��), 14 Aug. 1926 (1 ��). SEBASTIAN CO., Camp Chaffee, 4 Sep. 1944, 6 Sep. 1944, L. Banks (ChAS). WASHINGTON CO., [no specific locality], 29 Aug. 1965 (1 ��, 1 ��), 6 Sep. 1966 (1 ��, 1 ��), R. L. Brown (UAF), 6 Sep. 1966 (1 ��), R. L. Brown (EHM), 8 Sep. 1966 (1 ��), R. L. Brown (UAF); Fayetteville, 10 Sep. 1967, J.R. Heitzman (RH), 22 Sep. 1956 (1 ��), W. H. Whitcomb (UAF); nr. Fayetteville, 1 Sep. 1968, J.R. Heitzman (AMNH). CALI�� FORNIA: INYO CO., Death Valley National Monument, 45 mi NW Death Valley, 1700 ���, 15 Oct. 1966 (3 ��), D. F. Hardwick (CNC). SAN DIEGO CO., Campo, 23 Aug. 1931 (1 ��, 1 ��), E. R. Tinkham (CNC) (UMSP). VENTURA CO., Cuyama Valley, Apache Canyon 0.8 mi east of Hwy. 33, 5 Sep. 1997, T.E. Dimock (TED). COLORADO: No specific locality (1 ��, 4 ��), Barnes Coll. ADAMS CO., Bennett, Hwy # 36 near Post Office, 5643 ft., 21 Aug. 1999 (1 ��), 24 Aug. 1999 (2 ��) C.E. Harp (CEH). ARAPAHOE CO., S of Manilla, gas station, Hwy. I�� 70 at Manilla Rd., 5663 ft., 4 Aug. 2000 (1 ��), 15 Aug. 2000 (2 ��), 19 Aug. 1998 (1 ��), 21 Aug. 1999 (3 ��), 24 Aug. 1999 (1m 1 ��), C.E. Harp (CEH). BACA CO., Picture Canyon, Comanche National Grassland, SW of Campo, 25 Aug. 2002 (2 ��, 4 ��), M. G. Pogue & C. E. Harp; Picture Canyon, n. of Picnic Area, SW of Campo, 4282 ft., 26 Aug. 2002 (2 ��, 4 ��); Comanche National Grassland, SW of Campo, Picture Canyon parking area, 4255 ft., 29 Aug. 2002 (1m 7 ��), C.E. Harp (CEH); Springfield, S end, Hwy # 385 / 287, 4409 ft., 26 Aug. 2002 (2 ��, 11 ��), M. G. Pogue & C. E. Harp; Springfield, S end of town, along Hwy # 385 / 287 at truckstop lights, 4409 ft., 28 Aug. 2002 (3 ��, 9 ��), 28 Aug. 2003 (6 ��, 33 ��), 30 Aug. 2002 (10 ��), C.E. Harp (CEH). BENT CO., Las Animas, along Hwy. # 50, downtown gas station, at lights 3 am, 3817 ft., 28 Aug. 2003 (1 ��, 6 ��), C. Harp (CEH). ELBERT CO., downtown Kiowa, along Hwy. # 86 at Pawnee St., 6412 ft., 19 Aug. 2000 (2 ��), C.E. Harp (CEH). FREMONT CO., Penrose gas station, 1 mi N of Hwy. # 50 off Hwy. 115, 5293 ft., 7 Aug. 2001 (1 ��, 3 ��), 11 Aug. 2001 (1 ��, 19 ��), 17 Aug. 2001 (3 ��, 9 ��), 24 Aug. 2001, (1 ��), C.E. Harp (CEH). LINCOLN CO., Limon gas station, S of Hwy I�� 70 @ exit # 359, 5356 ft., 19 Aug. 1998 (2 ��, 13 ��), C.E. Harp (CEH). MORGAN CO., Fort Morgan, 4310 ft., 7 Aug. 1996 (1 ��), D.J. Wright (DJW). OTERO CO., Vogel Canyon Picnic Area, 15 mi S of La Junta, 4340 ft., 18 Aug. 1997 (2 ��), D.J. Wright (DJW); Hadley Rest Area, along Hwy. # 50, ENE of La Junta, at lights 2 am, 4620 ft., 28 Aug. 2003 (1 ��, 1 ��), C. Harp (CEH); Rocky Ford, along Hwy # 50, downtown gas station, at lights 2 am, 4161 ft., 28 Aug. 2003, C. Harp (CEH). PROWERS CO., Holly, downtown gas station along Hwy. # 50, 3427 ft., 25 Aug. 2000 (1 ��, 1 ��), C.E. Harp (CEH). PUEBLO CO., Colorado City, off I�� 25 at mkr. # 74, 5821 ft., 25 Aug. 2001 (3 ��), C.E. Harp (CEH); 5 mi N. Pueblo, 5100 ft., 23 Aug. 1975 (1 ��), Lafontaine & Bowen (CNC); Pueblo West, off Hwy. # 50 at McCullough Blvd., 4968 ft. 11 Aug. 2001 (3 ��, 2 ��), 12 Aug. 2001 (1 ��, 4 ��), 25 Aug. 2001 (8 ��), C.E. Harp (CEH); Pueblo West, off Hwy. # 50 at Purcell Rd., 4968 ft., 25 Aug. 2001 (1 ��), C.E. Harp (CEH); Pueblo N end, Hwy. I�� 25 @ mkr. 102, 4705 ft., 8 Aug. 1999 (1 ��), 24 Aug. 2001 (1 ��, 2 ��), C.E. Harp (CEH); W of Pueblo, 26 Aug. 1958, M. May (AMNH); E of Pueblo, along Hwy # 50, S of Pueblo Airport, at gas station lights, 4584 ft., 28 Aug. 2003 (3 ��), C. Harp (CEH). WASHINGTON CO., Akron (CSU). WELD CO., Keenesburg, off Hwy. I�� 76, ext 39, 4955 ft., 16 Aug. 2000 (1 ��), C.E. Harp (CEH); Nunn, 14 Aug. 1972 (UWL). IDAHO: MINI�� DOKA CO., Rupert, 10 Aug. 1957 (1 ��) (CNC). ILLINOIS: ADAMS CO., 3 Sep. 1945, 5 Sep. 1947, Nielsen (INHS). KANE CO., [no specific locality], 26 Aug. 1940, L. Banks (ChAS). MARSHALL CO. Lacon, 23 Aug. 1938 (1 ��), R.M. Barnes. PEORIA CO., [no specific locality], 22 Aug. 1938, 23 Aug. 1938, 3 Sep. 1941, 12 Sep. 1938, 18 Sep. 1938, F. Hasbrouck (FMNH, INHS); Main Street, 21 Aug. 1938, 23 Aug. 1938, F. Hasbrouck (INHS). PUTNAM CO. 17 Sep. 1935 (1 ��), M.O. Glenn. IOWA: BOONE CO., Ledges State Park, 21 Aug. 1959, D. Brooks (WTAMU). JOHNSON CO., Iowa City, 18 Aug. 1898, J.B. Smith Collection (AMNH). MONONA CO., [no specific locality], 24 Aug. 1960 (ISU). STORY CO., Ames, Aug. 1910 (1 ��). WOODBURY CO., [no specific locality], 11 Sep. 1920, C.N. Ainsley (UMSP). YUBA CO., [no specific locality], 24 Aug. 1898, 25 Aug. 1898, Wickham (ISU). KANSAS: BARBER CO., Medicine Lodge, N end of town along Hwy. # 281, 1560 ft., 23 Aug. 2000 (CEH). BARTON CO., Great Bend, 15 Sep. 1988, M. Bland (FHSU); Hoisington, 30 Aug. 1994, G. Young (FHSU). BUTLER CO., rest stop 10 mi SW of El Dorado, Hwy. 35, 25 Aug. 1986, J. K. Adams (JFS). CHASE CO., 1 mi E and 1 mi N of Strong City, 1 Sep. 1990, M. Schwilling (FHSU). CLARK CO., 10 mi N of Ashland, just S of Bluff Creek, on Liatris punctata, 6 Sep. 1992, R. Huber & G. Salisbury (RH). COMMANCHE CO., Coldwater, 3 Sep. 1994, C.A. Ely (FHSU). COWLEY CO., [no specific locality], 28 Aug. 1989, G. Young (FHSU); Arkansas City, 28 Aug. 1989, G. Young (FHSU). CRAWFORD CO., 4 mi E Pittsburgh, 1���15 Sep. 1972 (1 ��), E.L. Todd. DOUGLAS CO., [no specific locality], Snow (SMEK); Lawrence, 3 Sep. 1987 (1 ��), J.K. Adams (JFS). ELK CO., 2 mi N of Howard, Flint Hills (T 29 N R 10 E Sec 29, NE 1 / 4), 30 Aug. 1981 (1m 1 ��), D.B. & V.N. Stallings (LGC). ELLIS CO., Hays, Fort Hays State University, 12 Aug. 1988, 21 Aug. 1989, 27 Aug. 1994, 29 Aug. 1994, 5 Sep. 1994, 6 Sep. 1992, 8 Sep. 1994, C.A. Ely, 23 Aug. 1994, 25 Aug. 1994, 28 Aug. 1994, 29 Aug. 1994, 18 Sep. 1994, P. Foster, 10���14 Sep. 1994, P. Foster & C.A. Ely, 5 Sep. 1992, G.M. Wilson (FHSU); 7.5 mi N and 1 mi E of Ellis, above East Spring Creek along 130 th Ave., 7 Sep. 1994, P. Foster (FHSU). ELLSWORTH CO., 4 mi N and 5 mi W of Langley, S end of Kanopolis Lake, 2 Sep. 1984, F. Davis (FHSU). FINNEY CO., Garden City, 1 Sep. 1937 (1 ��), Franklin (LACM). FORD CO., Ford County Lake, 20 Sep. 1982, C.C. Ely (FHSU). FRANKLIN CO., [no specific locality], 2 Aug. 1944, 7 Aug. 1947, 17 Aug. 1944, 30 Aug. 1946, W.H. Howe (CNC). GRAY CO. Montezuma, 3 Sep. 1989, C.J. Ochs (FHSU). HARVEY CO., Newton (AMNH). HASKELL CO. Sublette, 2 Sep. 1989, C.J. Ochs (FHSU). JOHNSON CO., Holliday, J.R. Heitzman (RH); Prairie Village, 31 Aug. 1979, J.R. Heitzman (RH). KINGMAN CO., Kingman WMA, G. Salisbury (FHSU). KIOWA CO., 10 mi S of Greensburg, 31 Aug. 1989, G. Salisbury (FHSU); 4 mi S of Greensburg, 28 Aug. 1991, G. Salisbury (FHSU); 4��� 5 mi S of Greensburg, 1991���1995, G. Salisbury (RH). LANE CO., [no specific locality], F.X. Williams (SMEK). LABETTE CO., Oswego, 27 Aug. 1964 (1 ��), 30 Aug. 1960 (��), female genitalia slide USNM 46832. LOGAN CO., 17 mi S of Monument, 15 Aug. 1975, Lafontaine & Bowen (CNC). MCPHERSON CO., 6 mi N of Canton, Maxwell Wildlife Refuge, 14 Aug. 1991, C.J. Ochs (FHSU); 7 mi S and 2 mi E of McPherson, 31 Aug. 1991, C.J. Ochs (FHSU). MITCHELL CO., 10 mi S and 1 mi W of Beloit, 25 Aug. 1990, P. Briney (FHSU). MORRIS CO., [no specific locality], 31 Aug. 1960, R. & K. Dreisbach (MSU). MORTON CO., 5 mi N and 2.5 mi W of Wilburton, Cimarron Recreation Area, 1 Sep. 1989, C.A. Ely (FHSU). RILEY CO., Manhattan, 30 Aug. 1937 (1 ��), 1 Sep. 1937 (1 ��), 4 Sep. 1937 (1 ��, 1 ��), 7 Sep. 1937 (1 ��). RENO CO., 4.5 mi N of Plevna, 13 July 1991, D. Zongker (FHSU). RILEY CO., Manhattan, 30 Aug. ��� 21 Sep. (KSU); 6.5 mi S and 5 mi W of Manhattan, 3 Sep. 1994, P. Foster (FHSU). RUSSELL CO., 6 mi N and 3 mi E of Dorrance, vic. of Wilson Lake, 1 Sep. 1992, 18 Sep. 1993, P. Briney, 4 Sep. 1994, T. Beach (FHSU); 8 mi N and 8 mi E of Dorrance, vic. of Wilson Lake, 29 Sep. 1993, P. Briney (FHSU). SALINE CO., Salina, 1 Sep. 1988, C.A. Ely (FHSU). SCOTT CO., 12 mi N of Scott, Scott Wildlife Area, 26 Aug. 1994, C.A. Ely (FHSU). SEDGWICK CO., Wichita (2 ��, 2 ��), H.H. Walkden. SEWARD CO., 15 mi NE of Liberal, 26 Aug. 1975, Lafontaine & Bowen (CNC). SHAWNEE CO., [no specific locality], 2 Sep. 1901 (KSU). STAFFORD CO., St. John, restaurant lights, along Hwy. # 281, 1893 ft., 23 Aug. 2000 (1 ��), C.E. Harp (CEH). STANTON CO., 4 mi W of Johnson, at Bear Creek, 19 Aug. 1990, M. Schwilling (FHSU). SUMNER CO., [no specific locality], 31 Aug. 1942, Stallings (CMP). THOMAS CO., Colby, 17 Aug. 1990, E. Weiner (FHSU). TREGO CO., 1 mi S and 3 mi E of Wakeeney, 26 Aug. 1994, 14 Sep. 1994, C.A. Ely (FHSU). MINNE�� SOTA: POLK CO., Crookston, 2 Sep. 1937, D.G. Denning (UMSP). RAMSEY CO., St. Paul, 1 Aug. 1937, A.A. Granovsky (UMSP). MISSISSIPPI: OKTIBBEHA CO., A & M College, 1 Sep. 1931 (1 ��), R. E. Hutchins (MSU). MISSOURI: ATCHISON CO., Tarkio Prairie Nat. Area, loess prairie, 26 Aug. 1989, J.R. Heitzman (RH). BOONE CO., Columbia, 8 Sep. 1989, H. Pavulaan (AMNH). CLAY CO., Liberty (JKA); Birmingham, 29 Aug. 1968, J.R. Heitzman (RH); Kansas City, 24 Aug. 1894, F.J. Hall (AMNH). GREENE CO., Willard, Sep. 1917 (1 ��), A.E. Brower. JACKSON CO., Independence, Adair Park, 19 Aug. 1965 (1 ��), 29 Aug. 1965 (4 ��, 3 ��), J.R. Heitzman; Independence, 27 Aug. 1965 (1 ��), 30 Aug. 1961 (2 ��), J.R. Heitzman. NEBRASKA: BUFFALO CO., Kearney, T 8 N R 15 W Sec. 16, 16 Aug. 1998, N.E. Dankert (NED). CASS CO. Plattsmouth, 15 Sep. 1936, R.A. Leussler (AMNH). DOUGLAS CO., [no specific locality], (CNC, INHS, UMSP). LANCASTER CO., Lincoln, 29 Aug. 1937 (3 ��), D.B. Whelan, 31 Aug. 1937 (2 ��). PLATTE CO., Columbus, 26 Aug. 1967, E.A. Froemel (RH). SEWARD CO., 2 mi SE Seward, 18 Sep. 1972, Lafontaine & Lewis (CNC). NEW MEXICO: No specific locality (1 ��), G. D. Hulst; CHAVES CO., Roswell, Aug. 1922 (1 ��), Cockerell. COLFAX CO., 6 mi s of Maxwell, Hwy. I�� 25 @ mkr. # 420, 6040 ft., 8 Aug. 2002 (27 ��), 12 Aug. 2002 (3 ��, 13 ��), C.E. Harp (CEH). DO��A ANA CO. Las Cruces (JKA). EDDY CO., White City, 12 Sep. 1961 (1 ��), M. & E. Roshore, A. Blanchard (AMNH); Carlsbad, 11 Sep. 1961 (1 ��), M. & E. Roshore. GRANT CO., Silver City, R. Leuschner (RHL). GUADALUPE CO., Santa Rosa, 10 Sep. 1952, S.K & A.H. Rindge (AMNH). HIDALGO CO., Lordsburg, 22 Aug. 1960 (1 ��), 23 Aug. 1960 (1 ��), 27 Aug. 1960 (3 ��), R.R. McElvare. MCKINLEY CO., Ft. Wingate, 1��� 7 Aug. (1 ��). QUAY CO., Logan, along Hwy # 54, downtown gas station lights, 3791 ft., 11 Sep. 2003 (3 ��), C. Harp (CEH); San Jon, Hwy. # 469 S of Hwy. I��I�� 40, at lights, 3989 ft., 12 Sep. 2003 (1 ��), C. Harp (CEH). SAN MIGUEL CO., Las Vegas, S.K & A.H. Rindge (AMNH). SANDOVAL CO., Jemez Springs, 16���23 Aug. (2 ��, 3 ��), male genitalia slide USNM 46831. OKLAHOMA: BEAVER CO. Lake Evans Chambers, 1 Sep. 1991, J.M. Nelson (ORU). BLAINE CO., Roman Nose State Park (ORU). CIMAR�� RON CO., Black Mesa State Park, s end of Lake Carl Etling, 4296 ft., 29 Aug. 2002 (8 ��, 24 ��), C.E. Harp (CEH). CLEVELAND CO., Norman, 2 Sep. 1950, 5 Sep. 1950, 7 Sep. 1950, Reinthal (UOKN). COMANCHE CO., Ft. Sill, Lawton, CSU study site, West Range #W�� 3, blacklight trap, 17���18 Aug. 2003 (1 ��), C. Harp & M. Garhart (CEH, CSU). COT�� TON CO., 2 mi W of Walters, roadside along Hwy. # 53, Arvest Bank lights, 1008 ft., 16 Aug. 2003, 19 Aug. 2003 (2 ��, 5 ��), C. Harp & M. Garhart (CEH); Temple, Hwy. # 5, downtown carwash at lights, 1005 ft., 19 Aug. 2003 (5 ��), C. Harp & M. Garhart (CEH). GARFIELD CO., [no specific locality], 1960 (1 ��, 2 ��), J.F. Reinert; Garber, s end along Hwy. # 74, 1198 ft., 25 Aug. 2000 (1 ��), C.E. Harp (CEH). GRANT CO., Medford, gas station, along Hwy. # 11, 1067 ft., 23 Aug. 2000 (2 ��, 3 ��). KIOWA CO., nr. Quartz Mtns. State Park, 2 Oct. 1971, R. Boelir (SWOSU). LOVE CO., Marietta, 9 Oct. 1991, J.K. Adams (DMNS) (JFS). OKLAHOMA CO., 3 mi sw Luther, Rustic Acres Rd. Nr. Hwy. I�� 44, 980 ft., 25 Aug. 1991 (1 ��), 9 Sep. 1991 (9 ��), 10 Sep. 1991 (2m 3 ��), 11 Sep. 1991 (2 ��), 20 Sep. 1991 (2 ��), C.E. Harp (CEH); Luther, 9 Sep. 1991, C. Harp (RH) (JFS); Bethany, 11 Sep. 1969, R. Medrud (SNU), 25 Aug. 1990, 28 Aug. 1990, 25 Sep. 1990, 25 Aug. 1991, 23 Sep. 1990 (JFS). PAYNE CO., Stillwater, 11 Sep. 1931, E. Hixon, 20 Aug. 1985, 28 Aug. 1985, 9 Sep. 1982, 15 Sep. 1982, 16 Sep. 1982, 21 Sep. 1984, 10 Oct. 1984, D.C. Arnold, Aug. 21 ��Oct. 4 (OKS). POTTAWATOMIE CO., 3.5 mi s McLoud, gas station, Hwy. I�� 40 at McLoud Rd., mkr. # 176, 1104 ft., 24 Aug. 2000 (3 ��), C.E. Harp (CEH). ROGER MILLS CO., Cheyenne, 7 June 1937, Standish & Kaiser (OKS). ROGERS CO., Claremore, 28 Aug. 1948, C. & P. Vaurie (AMNH). TULSA CO., Bixby, 30 Aug. 1984, 15 Sep. 1987, J.T. Criswell (OKS). WOODS CO., 14 mi N and 19 mi W of Alva, 6���15 Sep. 1976, J. Farley (NED). SOUTH DAKOTA: JACKSON CO., 19 mi E of Kadoka, Hwy. I�� 90 rest stop at mkr. # 168, 20 July 2001, J.K. Adams (JKA). TEXAS: No specific locality (2 ��), (1 ��) B Neumoegen, (2m 7 ��), Barnes Collection, (1 ��) Dognin Collection, (1 ��) E.L. Graef, (1 ��) G.D. Hulst, (1 ��) J. Jerrmy, (1 ��, 1 ��) J.R. Smith, (3 ��, 1 ��) O. Meske. BAY�� LOR CO., Seymour (AMNH). B, Published as part of Pogue, Michael G. & Harp, Charles E., 2004, A review of the Schinia tertia (Grote) species complex (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae), pp. 1-32 in Zootaxa 473 on pages 3-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.157415, {"references":["Grote, A. R. (1874) New species of North American Noctuidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 26, 197 - 214.","Grote, A. R. (1875) Supplement to the list of North American Noctuidae. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, 2, 209 - 223.","Harvey, L. F. (1875) On Texan Lepidoptera collected by Mr. Belfrage. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, 3: 3 - 16.","Smith, J. B. (1883). Synopsis of the North American Heliothinae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 10, 205 - 256.","Smith, J. B. (1891) List of Lepidoptera of Boreal America. P. C. Stockhausen, Philadelphia, v + 124 pp.","Smith, J. B. (1893) A catalogue, bibliographical and synonymical, of the species of moths of the Lepidopterous superfamily Noctuidae, found in boreal America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 44, 1 - 424.","Dyar, H. G. (1903) A list of North American Lepidoptera and key to the literature of this Order of insects. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 52: i - xi, 1 - 723. [Imprint 1902].","Holland, W. J. (1903) The Moth Book. Doubleday, Page, and Co. New York, 479 pp.","Barnes, W. & McDunnough, J. (1917) Check list of the Lepidoptera of boreal America. Herald Press, Decatur, Illinois. ix, 392 pp.","McDunnough, J. (1938) Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America. Part 1. Macrolepidoptera. Memoirs of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, Vol No?, 1 - 275.","Franclemont, J. G. & Todd, E. L. (1983) Noctuidae. In: Hodges, R. W., Dominick, T., Davis, D. R., Ferguson, D. C., Franclemont, J. G., Munroe, E. G. & Powell, J. A. (Eds.) Check list of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico. University Press, Cambridge, pp. 120 - 159.","Poole, R. W. (1989) Fascicle 118, Noctuidae. Lepidopterorum Catalogus (New Series). E. J. Brill and Flora and Fauna Publications, Leiden. xii, 1313 pp.","Poole, R. W. & Gentili, P. (Eds.) (1996) Nomina Insecta Nearctica. A check list of the insects of North America, Volume 3: Diptera, Lepidoptera, Siphonaptera. Entomological Information Services, Rockville, Maryland, 1143 pp.","Hardwick, D. F. (1996) A Monograph to the North American Heliothentinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). David F. Hardwick, Ottawa, Ontario, 281 pp.","Smith, J. B. (1906) New Noctuidae for 1906. No. 1. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 14, 9 - 30.","Todd, E. L. (1982) The noctuid type material of John B. Smith (Lepidoptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin, 1645, 1 - 228."]}

Schinia immaculata Pogue, new species (Figs. 1, 3��� 4) Diagnosis. Schinia immaculata resembles S. biundulata Smith in size, forewing ground color, and dark hindwing, but S. biundulata has well defined antemedial and postmedial lines, which are absent in S. immaculata. In male genitalia the shape of the valve is different, with S. immaculata having a round apex (Fig. 3) versus a more pointed apex (Fig. 5) in S. biundulata; and the uncus is relatively longer, approximately 0.38 X length of the valve in S. immaculata, compared to 0.32 X length of valve in S. biundulata. Description. Head: Frons and vertex cream; labial palpus long, extending beyond frons, cream; eyes large and globular. Thorax: Scales hair��like overlaying wide scales, cream; fore femur cream with long, white, ventral fringe of hair��like scales; tibia white, largest spine on inner side elongate, round, 1 shorter slender spine dorsal to it, outer side with 2���3 slender spines that become progressively shorter proximally; tarsi white; middle and hind legs white; underside white. Forewing: Length 10.53���11.70, mean 11.21 + 1.21 mm (n= 4). Ground color cream with a faint tinge of rufous on the scales; pattern absent; fringe white. Hindwing: Ground color gray; pattern absent; base of fringe cream, rest white. Abdomen: Dorsum white, distal border of sternites cream, ventrum white; scent pockets and hair pencils on second sternite absent. Genitalia (Figs. 3���4): Uncus elongate, approximately 0.38 X length of valve, apex blunt with small hook; valve moderate (length approximately 7.1 X width), costal margin slightly bent at 2 / 3 length, posterior margin gently curved, apex round; ampulla small (0.04 X length of valve); corona with stout spines; sacculus with ventral margin produced; juxta rectangular, width greater than height, dorsal margin broadly V��shaped; saccus V��shaped; aedoeagus slightly curved; vesica emerging ventrally, basal diverticulum present, 3 1 / 2 coils; cornuti finely scobinate. Female: Unknown. Type material. HOLOTYPE: ��, Arizona, Coconino Co., Colorado River, Grand Canyon, river mile 23.0 L, shore, 36.6003 �� N, 111.7668 �� W, May 2, 2003, R. J. Delph, genitalia slide USNM 47867, USNM ENT 0 0 219964. The holotype is provisionally deposited at the USNM, Washington, DC, pending mutual resolution and agreement with the National Park Service regarding specimen deposition. Distribution and Habitat. Specimens were taken from 3 riparian zones of the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon in Coconino Co., Arizona: shoreline, old high water, and new high water. The shoreline zone is situated one meter above the existing daily highwater shoreline, which varies over time depending on water releases from Glen Canyon Dam. The new high water zone is situated just above shoreline and was characterized by vegetation dominated by tamarisk (Tamarix sp., Tamaricaceae). The old high water zone was the highest elevation hydrologic zone and was characterized by mesquite (Prosopis sp., Fabaceae), acacia (Acacia sp., Fabaceae), and desert shrubs. A total of 34 sites were selected within these zones to monitor arthropods. This information was summarized from the Grand Canyon Arthropod Inventory & Monitoring website: http://bugs.bio.nau.edu/ grand_canyon/index.htm. Material Examined. PARATYPES (3 ��): U.S.A.: ARIZONA: COCONINO CO. 1 �� same data as holotype except: USNM ENT 0 0 210120 (NAU); river mile 166.5 L, old high water, 36.2542 N, 112.8996 W, 14 Apr. 2003 (1 ��), R. J. Delph, USNM ENT 0 0 219965 (USNM); river mile 202 R, new high water, 36.0526 N, 113.3489 W, 15 May 2001 (1 ��), J. Rundall, USNM ENT 0 0 210119 (NAU). Paratypes deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC (USNM) and Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ (NAU). Etymology: The specific epithet, immaculata, refers to the lack of any pattern on the forewing and hindwing. Discussion. Unlike most species of Schinia, S. immaculata has no forewing markings in all but one paratype, which has a barely perceptible trace of both an antemedial and postmedial line (Fig. 1). The form of the foretibia, male genitalia, and the coils of the aedoeagus are typical of Schinia. The species was collected in all riparian zones of the study area. Schinia immaculata is a spring flyer, being active from mid��April to mid��May. Other large river systems in the southwestern United States should be investigated to try to learn more about the distribution of this unusual species., Published as part of Pogue, Michael G., 2004, A new species of Schinia H��bner from riparian habitats in the Grand Canyon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae), pp. 1-4 in Zootaxa 788 on pages 2-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.158101

The revised status of Schinia crotchii is based on differences in male and female genitalic structures and distribution of larval host plant. Schinia navarra Dyar remains a synonym of S. cupes (Grote). Genitalia of both sexes of S. crotchii, S. cupes, and S. deserticola Barnes and McDunnough are described and illustrated for the first time. Distributions of larval hosts of both S. crotchii and S. deserticola are mapped and compared with adult moth distributions.

Schinia cupes (Grote) (Figs. 1���2, 7, 10���11, 16, 19, 22) Heliothis cupes Grote 1875: 113. ��� Grote 1882: 36. ��� Grote 1883: 152. Trichosellus cupes; Grote 1890: 36. ��� Grote 1895: 69. ��� McDunnough 1938: 106. Schinia cupes; Smith 1883: 232. ��� Smith 1891: 54. ��� Smith 1893: 280. ��� Dyar 1903: 188. ��� Barnes and McDunnough 1917: 39. ��� Franclemont and Todd 1983: 159. ��� Poole 1989: 894. ��� Poole and Gentili 1996: 771.��� Hardwick 1996: 89. Schinia navarra Dyar 1914: 162. ��� Barnes and McDunnough 1917: 39. ��� Franclemont and Todd 1983: 159. ��� Poole 1989: 894. ��� Poole and Gentili 1996: 771. ��� Hardwick 1996: 89. Trichosellus navarra; McDunnough 1938: 106. Diagnosis. There are no differences in maculation between S. cupes and S. crotchii. They are separable by distribution with S. cupes occuring from Colorado and New Mexico, east to Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas and S. crotchii from Arizona and Utah, west to California and Washington. The second abdominal sternite in the male of S. cupes bears a pair of hair pencils (Fig. 7), which are absent in S. crotchii (Fig. 8). In the male aedoeagus, the vesica has 4 coils in S. cupes (Fig. 11) and 3 coils in S. crotchii (Fig. 13). In the female genitalia the papillae anales are more pointed in S. cupes (Fig. 19) and more broadly rounded in S. crotchii (Fig. 20). The ductus bursae is narrower at the base of the ostium bursae in S. cupes (Fig. 16) and wider in S. crotchii (Fig. 17). Description. Male: Head: Cream mixed with some black scales; short scales on frons and long hairlike scales on vertex. Labial palpus white basally with remainder brown mixed with a few white scales. Eyes large and globular. Thorax: Mixture of white hairlike and spatulate scales with a tapered stalk, tapered scales white with brown apices. Foreleg femur with ventral fringe and inner surface light brown, outer surface white with some brown scales; tibia white and light brown, largest and stoutest spine on inner side and closest to basitarsus, two slender spines dorsal to it, outer side with four stout spines becoming shorter and less robust dorsally; tarsi brown with white apical rings. Mid�� and hindlegs white and brown; tarsi white and brown with white apical rings. Underside white. Forewing: Length 12.0���14.5 mm (n= 10).Ground color light brown; antemedial line white and sinuate; claviform spot light brown outlined in brown; orbicular spot outlined with brown and with a small central white dash; reniform spot outlined with brown and with a small central white angulate dash; postmedial line white and sinuate; subterminal line a series of white arrowheads between veins and with a brown spot at their tips; outer margin with elongate brown marks between veins; fringe brown mixed with white. Underside white with orbicular and reniform spots; postmedial band brown. Hindwing: Ground color white with a brown discal spot and marginal band, with a few white spots along margin; veins in white discal area highlighted with brown scales. Abdomen: Dorsum white mixed with brown, venter mostly white mixed with some brown scales; hair pencils and associated scent pockets on second sternite present (Fig. 7). Genitalia (Figs. 10���11): Uncus elongate, approximately 0.3 X length of valve, apex blunt. Valve elongate (length greater than 7 X width), costal margin distinctly curved at 4 / 5 length, posterior margin gently curved to a truncate apex; ampulla elongate; sacculus with ventral margin produced. Juxta quadrate with a curved dorsal margin. Saccus V��shaped. Aedoeagus slightly curved; vesica with a basal diverticulum and 4 coils. Female: As in male except forewing length 14.0���15.0 mm (n= 10). Genitalia (Figs. 16, 19): Papillae anales lightly sclerotized, broadly triangulate, apex narrowly rounded; anterior apophyses approximately 0.95 times length of posterior apophyses; ductus bursae narrow widening beyond middle to more than twice width at ostium bursae, elongate (approximately 1.8 times length of corpus bursae); appendix bursae longer than corpus bursae, with 3 coils; corpus bursae ovate; signa consists of 4 scobinate bars. Type material. Heliothis cupes Grote: Male holotype is in The Natural History Museum, London. Type locality: Texas. Schinia navarra Dyar: Male holotype is in the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC. Type locality: Cotulla, Texas (type no. 19076). Biology. Schinia cupes is associated with sandy plains, and with Calylophus berlandiera Spach var. berlandiera (Onagraceae), although its life history is unknown. This plant overlaps the distribution of S. cupes and is found at many of its collection localities. Harp observed two males resting on Berlandier���s sundrops (C. berlandiera) at Big Springs, TX (Howard Co.) in April 2003. He further observed that adults fly in and around the proximity of their hostplants during the early morning. In addition, males can also be seen on gravelly/sandy openings until late morning awaiting receptive females. As temperatures rise during late morning, adults disappear to shady areas where they presumably ���rest.��� Adults were attracted to lights in suitable habitat. Schinia cupes has two broods with the first flying from late��March to mid��June and a second smaller brood flying in late��July to September (Fig. 24). The earliest and latest flights are in the southern part of its range, and in the northern part, a compressed single brood flies in June. Across much of its range, S. cupes flies with S. simplex Smith, S. citrinella (Grote and Robinson), S. roseitincta (Harvey), and S. errans Smith during the first brood, and flies with S. saturata (Grote), S. nubila (Strecker), S. coercita (Grote), S. citrinella, S. mortua (Grote), and S. bicuspida Smith during the second brood. Distribution (Fig. 22). Texas, west to New Mexico, and north to Kansas and Colorado. Material Examined. All specimens are from USNM, except as noted otherwise. U.S.A.: COLORADO: CHAFFEE CO. Salida (AMNH). PROWERS CO. Holly, downtown gas station along Hwy. 50, 9 June 2001 (2 ��), C.E. Harp (CH). PUEBLO CO. Pueblo, north end, off Hwy 1��25 at mkr. # 102, 4705 ', 20 June 1999 (1 ��), C.E. Harp (CH). WELD CO. 1 mi W of Roggen, frontage road along Hwy I�� 76, 4702', 26 June 2002 (1 ��), C.E. Harp (CH). KANSAS: FINNEY CO. Garden City, 10 June 1935 (1 ��), H.H. Walkden. NEW MEXICO: COLFAX CO. 6 mi S of Maxwell, Hwy. I�� 25 at mkr. # 420, 6040 ', 8 Aug. 2002 (1 �� 1 ��), C.E. Harp (CH). LUNA CO. Deming, 1��� 7 Sep. (2 ��), Barnes Collection; OTERO CO. High Rolls, Sep. (1 ��), Barnes Collection. UNION CO. Clayton, SE edge of town along Hwy. # 87, 5067 ', 16 May 2000 (1 ��), C.E. Harp (CH). OKLA�� HOMA: CARTER CO. Springer, 26 May 1986, J.K. Adams (JKA). KIOWA CO. Lugert, 1350 ', 11 June 1937 (1 ��), Standish & Kaiser (OKS). PAYNE CO. Stillwater, 21 Apr. 1940 (1 ��), V.T. Nailon (OKS). ROGER MILLS CO. Cheyenne, 7 June 1937 (2 �� 1 ��), Standish & Kaiser (OKS). TEXAS: [No specific locality], 21 May 1925 (1 ��), Barnes Collection; BEXAR CO. San Antonio (1 ��), J. Jermy; San Antonio, 8 mi SE of Hwy. I�� 410 off Hwy. I�� 37 at exit 125, 26 May 1987, J.K. Adams (JKA). BLANCO CO. Davis Ranch, 1300 ', 2 Apr. 1959 (1 ��), J.F. McAlpine (CNC). BRAZOS CO. College Station, 24 Mar. 1936 (1 ��), J. Jermy, 20 May (1 �� 1 ��), 14 June (1 ��), P.O. Glick. BREWSTER CO. Alpine, 1���7 Apr. 1926 (2 �� 1 ��), 8���14 Apr. 1926 (11 �� 8 ��), 15���21 Apr. 1926 (5 �� 1 ��), 22���30 Apr. 1926 (2 �� 1 ��), 1���7 May 1926 (1 ��), 1���7 Sep. 1926 (1 ��), O.C. Poling; 6.5 mi S. Alpine, 9 Aug. 1991 (1 ��) E.H. Metzler (EHM); Alpine, Davis Mts., 26 May 1981 (1 ��), E.C. Knudson, 11 Sep. 1958 (1 �� 1 ��), 12 Sep 1958 (5 �� 1 ��), R.R. McElvare. BRISCOE CO. Caprock Canyons State Park, 10 May 1996 (1 ��), C. Bordelon (CH). BROWN CO. Lake Brownwood State Park (TLA). CAMERON CO. Brownsville, 16���23 Mar. (1 ��). COLEMAN CO. [no specific locality] (TLA). COTTLE CO. [no specific locality] (TLA). CROCKETT CO. [no specific locality] (RL). CULBERSON CO. Guadelupe Mtn. Nat. Park, Lamar Canyon, 24 Aug. 1996, C. Bordelon (TLA). DALLAS CO. Dallas, 21 Apr. (1 ��). EL PASO CO. [no specific locality] (TLA). FREESTONE CO. [no specific locality] (TLA). GARZA CO. Post, gas station, Hwy # 380 nr. jct. of Hwy. # 84, 2616 ', 24 Apr. 2002 (1 ��), C. Harp (CH). HIDALGO CO. Pharr (AMNH). HOWARD CO. 2 mi E of Big Spring, S of refinery, I�� 20 at mkr. # 180, 24 Apr. 2002 (1 ��), C. Harp (CH); 2 mi S of Big Spring, gas station, roadside along Hwy. # 87, 2667 ', 23 Apr. 2002 (4 ��) C. Harp (CH); 2 mi W of Big Spring, gas station, I�� 20 at mkr. # 174, 2470 ', 24 Apr. 2002 (7 �� 3 ��), C. Harp (CH). JEFF DAVIS CO. Fort Davis, Fort Davis Motor Inn, 8 Sep. 1996, J.K. Adams (JKA). Limpia Canyon, Davis Mts., 8 Aug. 1991 (4 �� 9 ��) E.H. Metzler (EHM). KERR CO. Kerrville, May 1900 (1 ��), 6 Apr. 1959 (1 �� 1 ��), 7 Apr. 1959 (1 ��), 19 Apr. 1959 (2 ��), R.H. Whitmore (CNC). LA SALLE CO. [no specific locality] (TLA). LLANO CO. Llano, 14 Mar. 1906 (1 ��), F.C. Pratt. MARTIN CO. Stanton, gas station off Hwy. I�� 20, 2660 ', 24 Apr. 2002 (2 ��), C. Harp (CH). MAVERICK CO. [no specific locality] (TLA) (AMNH). PECOS CO. [no specific locality] (TLA) (RL). RANDALL CO. Palo Duro State Park (RL). REAL CO. Rio Frio, 11 May 1910 (2 ��), F.C. Pratt. SAN PATRICIO CO. [no specific locality] (TLA). STARR CO. Falcon State Park, 11 Apr. 1988, E. Knudson (ECK). TARRANT CO. [no specific locality] (TLA). TERRELL CO. Sanderson, 6 Sep. 1996, J.K. Adams (JKA). TRAVIS CO. [no specific locality] (TLA). UVALDE CO. Concan, 30 Apr. 1992, R. Leuschner (RL). Sabinal, Apr. 1910 (2 ��), 26 May 1910 (1 ��), F.C. Pratt; Concan, Neal���s Lodges, 1300 ', 19 Apr. 1990 (1 ��), N. McFarland (CNC). VAL VERDE CO. [no specific locality] (TLA). Del Rio, 1 Apr. 1922 (1 ��), 25 Apr. 1959 (1 �� 1 ��), M.R. MacKay (CNC). VICTORIA CO. Victoria, 4 Apr. (1 ��). WEBB CO. Laredo, 26 Sep. 1951 (1 ��), male genitalia slide USNM 47000, A.B. Gurney. WILLIAMSON CO. Georgetown, 10 Apr. 1937 (1 ��), 14 Apr. 1937 (1 ��), female genitalia slide USNM 47001, 16 Apr. 1937 (1 ��), L.J. Milne. Discussion. Grote (1875) placed S. cupes in Heliothis where it remained until he transferred it to Trichosellus (Grote 1890). In McDunnough���s (1938) checklist, S. cupes was retained in Grote���s genus Trichosellus, and S. crotchii was treated as a synonym. Smith (1883) correctly placed S. cupes in Schinia., Published as part of Pogue, Michael G. & Harp, Charles E., 2003, Systematics of Schinia cupes (Grote) complex: Revised status of Schinia crotchii (Hy. Edwards) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae), pp. 1-16 in Zootaxa 294 on pages 2-5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156940, {"references":["Grote, A. R. (1875) Descriptions of North American moths. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 5, 113 - 118.","Grote, A. R. (1882) New checklist of North American moths. [no publisher given]. 73 pp.","Grote, A. R. (1883) Introduction to a study of the North American Noctuidae. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 21, 134 - 176.","Grote, A. R. (1890) North American Lepidoptera. Revised checklist of the North American Noctuidae. Part 1. Thyatirinae - Noctuinae. Homeyer and Meyer, Bremen. 52 pp.","Grote, A. R. (1895) List of North American Eupterotidae, Ptilodontidae, Thyatiridae, Apatelidae and Agrotidae. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins zu Bremen 14, 43 - 128.","McDunnough, J. (1938) Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America. Part 1. Macrolepidoptera. Memoirs of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 275 pp.","Smith, J. B. (1891) List of Lepidoptera of boreal America. P. C. Stockhausen, Philadelphia. v., 124 pp.","Smith, J. B. (1893) A catalogue, bibliographical and synonymical, of the species of moths of the Lepidopterous superfamily Noctuidae, found in boreal America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 44, 1 - 424.","Barnes, W. & McDunnough, J. (1917) Check list of the Lepidoptera of boreal America. Herald Press, Decatur, Illinois. ix, 392 pp.","Franclemont, J. G. & Todd, E. L. (1983) Noctuidae. In: Hodges, R. W., Dominick, T., Davis, D. R., Ferguson, D. C., Franclemont, J. G., Munroe, & Powell, J. A. (Eds), Check list of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico. University Press, Cambridge, pp. 120 - 159.","Poole, R. W. (1989) Fascicle 118, Noctuidae. Lepidopterorum Catalogus (New Series). E. J. Brill and Flora and Fauna Publications, Leiden. xii, 1313 pp.","Poole, R. W. & Gentili P. (Eds) (1996) Nomina Insecta Nearctica. A check list of the insects of North America, Volume 3: Diptera, Lepidoptera, Siphonaptera. Entomological Information Services, Rockville, Maryland, 1143 pp.","Hardwick, D. F. (1996) A monograph to the North American Heliothentinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). David F. Hardwick, Ottawa, Ontario, 281 pp.","Dyar, H. G. (1914) New American Lepidoptera. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, 2, 161 - 164."]}

Schinia crotchii (Hy. Edwards) Revised Status (Figs. 3���4, 8, 12���13, 17, 20, 22) Heliothis crotchii Hy. Edwards 1875: 135. Schinia crotchii; Smith 1883: 232. ��� Smith 1891: 54. ��� Smith 1893: 280. ��� Dyar 1903: 188. ��� Barnes and McDunnough 1917: 39. ��� Franclemont and Todd 1983: 159. ��� Poole 1989: 894. ��� Poole and Gentili 1996: 771. ��� Hardwick 1996: 89. [all authors treat as synonym of S. cupes] Trichosellus crotchii; McDunnough 1938: 106, as synonym of T. cupes. Diagnosis. See discussion under S. cupes. Description. The maculation of S. crotchii is indistinguishable from that of S. cupes. The descriptions of the abdomen and genitalia only address the differences between S. crotchii and S. cupes. Male: Abdomen: Hair pencils in male absent; scent pockets present (Fig. 8). Forewing: Length 12.0���13.0 mm (n= 10). Genitalia (Figs. 12���13): As in S. cupes, but valve and saccus slightly narrower. Vesica with a basal diverticulum and 4 coils. Female: As in male except forewing length 11.5���14.5 mm (n= 10). Genitalia (Figs. 17, 20): Papillae anales broadly rounded with a broadly rounded apex; ductus bursae narrow widening beyond middle to less than twice width at ostium bursae. Type material. Heliothis crotchii Grote: Male holotype is in The Natural History Museum, London. Type locality: San Diego, California. Biology. Hardwick (1996) described the early stages of of S. crotchii in detail, but the host plant was given as Orthocarpus purpurascens Bentham (Scrophulariaceae), which is now recognized as Castilleja exserta (Heller) Chuang & Heckard ssp. exserta. There are currently three recognized subspecies: latifolia (S. Wats.) Chuang & Heckard is reported from Marin Co., California; and venusta (Heller) Chuang & Heckard is reported from San Mateo Co., Santa Clara Co., southwestern San Bernardino Co., and eastern Kern Co., California. Herbarium records for the nominate subspecies match the distribution throughout the range of S. crotchii, except for those records in Washington and Idaho. Distribution (Fig. 22). From southeastern Arizona west to the Peninsular Ranges of southern California and north in southeastern Washington and southern Idaho. Material Examined. All specimens are from USNM, except as noted otherwise. U.S.A.: ARIZONA: [No specific locality] (1 �� 1 ��), Barnes Collection, B. Neumoegen (1 ��). MARICOPA CO. Phoenix, 16���23 Apr. (1 ��). MOHAVE CO. Kingman, 20 Apr. 1954 (1 ��), 21 Apr. 1954 (1 �� 1 ��), male genitalia slide USNM 47011, 23 Apr. 1954 (1 ��), female genitalia slide USNM 47016, H.P. Wilhelm. PIMA CO. Redington (1 ��), male genitalia slide USNM 47012; Tucson, 19 Apr. 1938, G.D. Butler (UAT). CALIFORNIA: [No specific locality] (1 ��), female genitalia slide USNM 47022, 24 Apr. 1924 (1 ��), E.A. Dodge; southern [no specific locality] (1 ��), Barnes Collection (1 ��), B. Neumoegen. FRESNO CO. Coalinga, 2 Apr. 1942 (��), 2 Apr. 1943 (��) (CNC), 2 Apr. 1943, W.C. Cook (UIM); Fresno (1 ��), E.A. Schwarz. KERN CO. Shafter, 28 Apr. 1948 (��), R. v.d. Bosch (CNC). RIVERSIDE CO. 2 mi N Aguanga, 1992 (3 �� 1 ��), D.F. & V. Hardwick (CNC); SAN BERNARDINO CO. Cajon Pass, 20 Apr. 1939 (1 ��), Guedet Collection; Loma Linda, 1��� 7 Mar. (1 ��), 16���23 Mar. (1 �� 1 ��), male genitalia slide USNM 47005, 8 ��� 15 Apr. (1 ��), Barnes Collection. STANISLAUS CO. 4 Apr. (1 ��). IDAHO: TWIN FALLS CO. Twin Falls, 11 June 1951 (1 ��), J.B. Douglas, 15 June 1959 (1 ��), K.E. Gibson (CNC). WA S H I N GTO N: WA L L A WA LL A C O. Wa l la Wal la, 3 J u ne 1 9 57, W.C. Cook (UIM). WHITMAN CO. Pullman, 10 June 1898 (1 ��), Barnes Coll. Discussion. Smith (1883) synonymized S. crotchii with S. cupes based on material from Washington Territory, which would make the species Smith was discussing S. crotchii and not S. cupes. The distribution of larval host plant of S. crotchii is concordant with the distribution of the moth except for records in southeastern Washington and southern Idaho. Perhaps the plant is there but has never been collected. Schinia crotchii is single brooded (Fig. 24) and flies from early March to the end of May, with a single record from early June., Published as part of Pogue, Michael G. & Harp, Charles E., 2003, Systematics of Schinia cupes (Grote) complex: Revised status of Schinia crotchii (Hy. Edwards) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae), pp. 1-16 in Zootaxa 294 on pages 5-7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156940, {"references":["Edwards, H. (1875) Pacific coast Lepidoptera. - No. 12. On some new species of Noctuidae. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 6, 132 - 139.","Smith, J. B. (1891) List of Lepidoptera of boreal America. P. C. Stockhausen, Philadelphia. v., 124 pp.","Smith, J. B. (1893) A catalogue, bibliographical and synonymical, of the species of moths of the Lepidopterous superfamily Noctuidae, found in boreal America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 44, 1 - 424.","Barnes, W. & McDunnough, J. (1917) Check list of the Lepidoptera of boreal America. Herald Press, Decatur, Illinois. ix, 392 pp.","Franclemont, J. G. & Todd, E. L. (1983) Noctuidae. In: Hodges, R. W., Dominick, T., Davis, D. R., Ferguson, D. C., Franclemont, J. G., Munroe, & Powell, J. A. (Eds), Check list of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico. University Press, Cambridge, pp. 120 - 159.","Poole, R. W. (1989) Fascicle 118, Noctuidae. Lepidopterorum Catalogus (New Series). E. J. Brill and Flora and Fauna Publications, Leiden. xii, 1313 pp.","Poole, R. W. & Gentili P. (Eds) (1996) Nomina Insecta Nearctica. A check list of the insects of North America, Volume 3: Diptera, Lepidoptera, Siphonaptera. Entomological Information Services, Rockville, Maryland, 1143 pp.","Hardwick, D. F. (1996) A monograph to the North American Heliothentinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). David F. Hardwick, Ottawa, Ontario, 281 pp.","McDunnough, J. (1938) Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America. Part 1. Macrolepidoptera. Memoirs of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 275 pp."]}

Schinia varix Knudson, Bordelon and Pogue, new species (Figs. 1 ���2, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15) Diagnosis. Maculation: Forewing pattern is similar to that of S. siren (Figs. 3���4), except that the darker basal and subterminal areas are a rich, reddish purple (maroon) in varix and orange to greenish yellow in siren. The median paler area is wider in siren than in varix and is more heavily shaded with the basal and subterminal coloring in the females of both siren and varix. The basal area of the male hindwing is black in varix with no trace of the basal white scaling present in siren. The hindwing fringe is immaculate white in siren and cream with a dark inner band in varix. The wings undersurface in varix is similar in general pattern to those of siren, but in varix, the pale areas are strongly suffused with reddish purple, whereas in siren, they are white to pale yellow. Abdomen: Males of siren have prominent, eversible, hair pencils, with scent pockets on sternite 2. Males of varix have only vestigial scent pockets. Male genitalia: The uncus is short in varix, approximately 2 / 3 the length of the uncus in siren. The outer margin of the valve is slightly angulate at 2 / 3 length in varix and more smoothly curved in siren. The coronal spines are heavier and extend about 15 % of valve length from apex along the outer margin of the valve in siren and are thinner and extend about 10 % of valve length from apex along the outer margin of the valve in varix. The ampulla is shorter in varix than in siren. The vesica is shorter in varix with 3 coils and longer in siren with 3 1 / 2 coils. Female genitalia: The ovipositor lobe in varix has a slightly more pointed apex; the apex is more rounded in siren. The signa is not as well developed in varix, but in siren it is more conspicuous. Description: MALE: Head: Front and vertex yellow orange, antenna and palpus yellow orange; ventral lip of frons slightly projected; eye large and globular. Thorax: Yellow orange, clothed dorsally with long hairlike scales; legs yellow orange; foretibia with one inner and one outer pair of heavy spines and a variable number of smaller spines dorsal to these; underside with shiny white flat scales and yellow��orange hairlike scales. Abdomen: Yellow orange, but slightly lighter than thorax; sternite 2 with lateral vestigial scent pockets. Forewing: Length 8.6���10.2 mm, average 9.6 mm (n = 12). Dorsally with extreme base clothed with long yellowish, hairlike scales, which partially obscure a small basal patch of lead��colored scales; basal third to antemedial line reddish purple (maroon); antemedial line obscure, pale yellow, angled outwardly over cell; median third pale yellowish, variably shaded with darker scales; orbicular spot absent; postmedian line pale yellow, obscure, slightly expanded at costal margin, gently sinuate from outer 1 / 3 of costa to inner 1 / 3 of inner margin; subterminal space maroon, variably spotted with blackish scales, especially near tornus; subterminal line obscure, yellowish, somewhat dentate; terminal space brownish, variably suffused with maroon scales; terminal line absent; fringe yellowish white with dark inner band. Ventrally blackish, with costal margin and apex maroon, inner margin pale yellowish. Hindwing: Dorsally black, with extreme costal margin to outer 1 / 3, pale yellow; fringe whitish yellow, with dark inner band. Ventrally with costal 2 / 3 maroon, anal 1 / 3 black. Genitalia (Figs. 9, 11): Uncus short (0.3 X valve length), robust. Valve of medium width (length 6.25 X width), costal margin slightly angulate at approximately 2 / 3 length; ampulla short (0.03 X valve length); corona at apical 10 % of valve length; sacculus well developed and 1 / 3 length of valve; ventral margin produced. Aedoeagus slightly curved; vesica with 3 coils and minute spicules. FEMALE: As in male except forewing length 8.9���10.2 mm, average 9.6 mm (n = 8); maculation of forewing darker maroon; median space narrower, more suffused with maroon and blackish scales; antemedial and postmedial lines better defined. Genitalia (Figs. 13, 15): Papillae anales broadly rounded, apex broadly rounded. Seventh segment longer than eighth; short setae randomly scattered. Eighth segment with fine spicules. Ductus bursae moderately elongate, approximately 1 1 / 4 times length of corpus bursae. Appendix bursae with 3 coils. Corpus bursae ovate; signa composed of 2 faint scobinate bars. Type material. HOLOTYPE: Male, Texas, Hardin Co., Big Thicket National Preserve, Turkey Creek Unit, Kirby Nature trail (HQTRS), 4 Oct. 1994, collected by Ed Knudson. Deposited in USNM. PARATYPES: LOUISIANA: Bossier Parish, Barksdale A.F.B., 14 Sep. 1996 (5 males), R. L. Brown, shortleaf pine forest (MSU). Natchitoches Parish, Red Dirt National Wildlife Refuge, Kisatchie National Forest, 6 Sep. 2002 (31 males, 3 females), V. A. Brou (VAB). Vernon Parish, Kisatchie National Forest, 14 ��IX�� 96, (1 male, 31 ��00��� 48 ���N, 93 ��04��� 49 ���W; 1 female, 30 �� 58 ��� 57 ���N, 93 ��08���05���W), D. Landau coll. (LSU). OKLA�� HOMA: Lincoln Co., Chandler, 29 Aug. 1991 (1 male), Chuck & Cecil Harp coll. (CEH). Oklahoma Co., Luther, 30 ��VIII�� 91 (1 male, 1 female), Chuck Harp coll. (CEH). TEXAS: Same data as holotype (3 males) (TLS). Bastrop Co., Stengl Ranch, 5��6 Sep. 1994 (1 male), J. Gillaspy (TAMU). Brazos Co., College Station, 27 ��IX�� 56 (1 male), H. Van Cleave coll. (TAMU); 20 ��IX�� 78 (1 male), R. Peigler coll. (RSP). Cass Co., Atlanta State Park, 30 ��VIII�� 85 (1 male), Knudson coll. Hardin Co., Silsbee, 14 ��IX�� 96 (4 males), C. Bordelon (CWB); R.E. Larsen Sandyland Preserve (Texas Nature Conservancy), 14 ��IX�� 96 (7 males (TLS), (1 male and genitalia slide USNM 47173) (USNM), (1 female) (TLS), Bordelon & Knudson coll. Kenedy Co., Padre Island National Seashore, 29 Sep. 1975 (1 male), M. & A. E. Blanchard (USNM). Leon Co., Buffalo, 7 ��IX�� 75 (1 female), Knudson coll. Montague Co., 8 mi S of Forestburg, 26 Aug. 1944 (1 female), L. H. Bridwell (USNM). Tyler Co., BITH, Hickory Creek Unit, Easement Rd., 16 ��IX�� 95 (1 male), Knudson coll.; Kirby State Forest, 3��4 ��IX�� 94 (2 males (TLS), (1 male and genitalia slide USNM 47174) (USNM), 4 females (TLS), 1 female (USNM), Bordelon & Knudson coll.; Town Bluff (Dam B), 21 Sep. 1970 (3 males, 2 females, genitalia slide USNM 47168), 22 Sep. 1970 (2 males, genitalia slide USNM 47167), M. & A. E. Blanchard (USNM). Larval host: Unknown Flight period: August to early October. Distribution: Central Oklahoma, eastern Texas, Louisiana. Etymology: The name varix, from Latin, refers to the predominant color of the wings, which is a dark purplish red, like the color of a bruised or broken vein. Discussion: Schinia varix is probably both sympatric and synchronic with S. siren in most of the localities from where it is known. However, S. siren has a much wider distribution, occurring throughout the southeastern U.S. and west to Arizona. Schinia varix is sexually dimorphic with the females having the forewing median space heavily inundated with maroon ground color resulting in light colored antemedial and postmedian lines; sometimes the forewing can be the solid maroon ground color. There is no other species in the range of varix with which it may be confused. S. roseitincta (Harvey) may come close to the range of S. varix in Oklahoma, but the former is smaller and usually has reddish on the dorsal surface of the hindwing. Schinia antonio is a tiny, diurnal species that occurs in southern Texas. It easily can be separated from S. varix by the reduced eyes, size, and habits., Published as part of Knudson, E, Bordelon, C & Pogue, MG, 2003, A new species of Huebner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae) from Texas, Oklahoma, and Louisiana., pp. 1-7 in Zootaxa 382 on pages 2-7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.400337

Schinia deserticola Barnes and McDunnough (Figs. 5���6, 9, 14���15, 18, 21, 23) Schinia cupes deserticola Barnes and McDunnough 1916: 5. ��� Smith 1891: 54. ��� Smith 1893: 280. ��� Dyar 1903: 188. ��� Barnes and McDunnough 1917: 39. ��� Franclemont and Todd 1983: 159. ��� Poole 1989: 894. ��� Poole and Gentili 1996: 771. Trichosellus cupes deserticola; McDunnough 1938: 106. Schinia deserticola; Hardwick 1996: 91. Diagnosis. The ground color in S. deserticola is a dirty white compared with light brown in both S. cupes and S. crotchii. The orbicular spot is distinct and more separated from the antemedial line in S. deserticola (Figs. 5���6) than in S. cupes and S. crotchii (Figs. 1���4). The hair pencils in the male abdomen are present in S. deserticola as they are in S. cupes. In the female genitalia the papillae anales have the ventral margin angulate in S. deserticola (Fig. 21) and straight in S. cupes and S. crotchii (Figs. 19���20). Description. Male: Head: Frons cream with short narrow scales; vertex a mixture of white hairlike scales and tapered spatulate scales with brown apices. Labial palpus white with some light brown scales on middle and at apex of outer surface. Eyes large and globular. Thorax: Mixture of white hairlike and spatulate scales with tapered stalks, tapered scales white with brown apices. Foreleg femur and ventral fringe white; tibia white and light brown; largest and stoutest spine on inner side and closest to basitarsus; slender dorsal setae absent; outer side with three stout spines becoming shorter and less robust as they progress dorsally; tarsi light brown with white apical rings. Mid�� and hindlegs white with some light brown scales; tarsi light brown with white apical rings. Underside white. Forewing: Length 10.5���14.5 mm (n= 10). Ground color light brown; antemedial line white and sinuate; claviform spot absent; orbicular spot ground colored, outlined with brown with a light brown center; reniform spot ground colored outlined with brown and with a large light brown center; postmedial line white and sinuate; subterminal line white and irregular with a series of brown arrowheads between veins; outer margin with elongate brown marks between veins; fringe mixed brown and white. Underside white with light brown orbicular and reniform spots; wide light brown postmedial band, variable in intensity, extends from costa to vein CuA 2, in some specimens band extends to posterior margin. Hindwing: ground color white, discal spot and marginal band brown, a few white spots along margin; veins in white discal area highlighted with brown scales. Abdomen: White; hair pencils and associated scent pockets on second sternite present (Fig. 9). Genitalia (Figs 14���15): As in S. crotchii, but valve slightly narrower. Vesica with a basal diverticulum and 3 coils. Female: As in male except forewing length 10.5���14.5 mm (n= 10). Genitalia (Figs 18, 21): Papillae anales lightly sclerotized, broad ventral margin angulate, apex narrowly rounded; anterior apophyses approximately 0.90 times to equal in length of posterior apophyses; ductus bursae widening beyond middle to less than twice width at ostium bursae. Type material. Schinia cupes deserticola Barnes and McDunnough: Male lectotype designated by Hardwick (1996) is in the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC. Type locality: southern Arizona. Biology. The life history and descriptions of the immature stages of deserticola are given by Hardwick (1996). The larval plant host is Camissonia claviformis (Torr. & Frem.) Raven (Onagraceae). Distribution (Fig. 23). Southern California to southeastern Arizona and north to west central Utah and southeastern Oregon. Material Examined. All specimens are from USNM, except as noted otherwise. 91 males and 104 females. U.S.A.: ARIZONA: southern, 1���15 Apr. (1 ��), Barnes Collection. LA PAZ CO. Ehrenberg, 21 Mar. 1939 (1 ��), F.H. Parker. MARICOPA CO. Wickenburg, 2000 ', 21 Mar. 1993 (1 ��), D.F. & V. Hardwick (CNC). MOHAVE CO. Kingman, 23 Apr. 1954 (1 ��), G.W. Rawson (1 ��), O. Buchholz; Pierce Ferry, 5���7 May 1967 (1 ��), D. Davis. CALIFORNIA: [No specific locality] (1 ��); Mohave Desert, 20 Apr. 1930 (1 ��), J.A. Comstock. IMPERIAL CO. 1���15 Mar. 1922 (1 ��), O.C. Poling, 15 Mar. (3 �� 17 ��), 15���30 Mar. 1922 (18 �� 22 ��), O.C. Poling; Dixieland, 1���15 Mar. 1922 (11 �� 11 ��), 15���30 Mar. 1922 (8 �� 10 ��), male genitalia slide USNM 47002, O.C. Poling; Foot of Fish Cr. Mtns., 600 ft., 6 Apr. 1992 (3 ��), D.F. & V. Hardwick (CNC). INYO CO. Mar. 1921 (1 ��), 20 Mar. (1 ��), 21 Mar. (1 ��), McElvare Collection; Darwin, 27 Apr. 1940 (1 ��). KERN CO. Baker, 6 Apr. 1935 (5 �� 1 ��), J.A. Comstock. RIVERSIDE CO. Blythe, 15 Mar. 1937 (1 �� 3 ��), McElvare Collection; Mecca, Mar. (4 ��), K.R. Coolidge, 27 Mar. 1922 (2 �� 1 ��), E. Shoemaker; Mecca, Box Canyon, 300 ', 21 Mar. 1985 (1 ��), D.F. & V. Hardwick (CNC); Palm Springs, 16���23 Mar. (2 �� 1 ��), 18 Mar. (1 ��), 12 Apr. 1932 (1 ��), 14 Apr. 1932 (1 ��), McElvare Collection; Palm Desert, 5 Mar. 1960 (2 ��), R.H. Leuschner (CH); Shaver���s Well, 1 Apr. 1935 (1 ��), 1 May 1938 (1 ��), J.A. Comstock. SAN BERNARDINO CO. Cajon Pass, 20 Apr. 1939 (1 ��), Guedet Collection; 2 mi S Kelso, 2400 ', 2 Apr. 1987, D.F. Hardwick (1 ��); Needles, 4 Apr. 1937 (2 �� 2 ��), L.M. Martin; Newberry Springs, 4 Apr. 1937 (8 �� 16 ��), male genitalia slides USNM 47006, 47013, female genitalia slide USNM 47003, D. Meadows; San Bernardino, 8���15 Apr. (1 ��); nr. Yermo, 5 Apr. 1941 (1 ��), R.R. McElvare; Yermo, 20 Mar. 1937 (1 ��), J.A. Comstock, 9 Apr. 1939 (2 ��), G. Beevor. SAN DIEGO CO. 3 mi SE Ocotillo Well���s, 17 Mar. 1978 (1 ��), D.F. Hardwick (CNC). San Felipe Wash, 4 Mar. 1937 (1 �� 1 ��), E. Shoemaker. OREGON: HARNEY CO. Cottonwood Cr., Pueblo Mts., 28 May 1960 (6 ��), S.G. Jewett, Jr. (OSUC). UTAH: EMERY CO. Goblin Valley State Park, 1 June 1997 (2 ��), Opler & Buckner (CSU). Discussion. Barnes and McDunnough (1916) described S. deserticola as a subspecies of S. cupes. Schinia deserticola inhabits desert and other arid habitats. It is single brooded, flying from early March to early May, with a single record from early June. The peak flight period of S. deserticola is earlier than that of S. crotchii (Fig. 24). The host plant distribution of S. deserticola matches well with the adult distribution (Fig. 23)., Published as part of Pogue, Michael G. & Harp, Charles E., 2003, Systematics of Schinia cupes (Grote) complex: Revised status of Schinia crotchii (Hy. Edwards) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae), pp. 1-16 in Zootaxa 294 on pages 7-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156940, {"references":["Smith, J. B. (1891) List of Lepidoptera of boreal America. P. C. Stockhausen, Philadelphia. v., 124 pp.","Smith, J. B. (1893) A catalogue, bibliographical and synonymical, of the species of moths of the Lepidopterous superfamily Noctuidae, found in boreal America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 44, 1 - 424.","Barnes, W. & McDunnough, J. (1917) Check list of the Lepidoptera of boreal America. Herald Press, Decatur, Illinois. ix, 392 pp.","Franclemont, J. G. & Todd, E. L. (1983) Noctuidae. In: Hodges, R. W., Dominick, T., Davis, D. R., Ferguson, D. C., Franclemont, J. G., Munroe, & Powell, J. A. (Eds), Check list of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico. University Press, Cambridge, pp. 120 - 159.","Poole, R. W. (1989) Fascicle 118, Noctuidae. Lepidopterorum Catalogus (New Series). E. J. Brill and Flora and Fauna Publications, Leiden. xii, 1313 pp.","Poole, R. W. & Gentili P. (Eds) (1996) Nomina Insecta Nearctica. A check list of the insects of North America, Volume 3: Diptera, Lepidoptera, Siphonaptera. Entomological Information Services, Rockville, Maryland, 1143 pp.","McDunnough, J. (1938) Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America. Part 1. Macrolepidoptera. Memoirs of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 275 pp.","Hardwick, D. F. (1996) A monograph to the North American Heliothentinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). David F. Hardwick, Ottawa, Ontario, 281 pp."]}

Schinia obliqua Smith (Figs. 1��3, 7��8, 11, 13) Schinia obliqua Smith 1883:229 Smith 1893:276. Dyar 1903:188. Barnes and McDunnough 1917:39. McDunnough 1938:105. Todd 1982:154. Franclemont and Todd 1983:159. Poole 1989:896. Poole and Gentili 1996:772. Hardwick 1996:183 [syn.: S. unimacula Smith, S. coolidgei Hill] Diagnosis. Maculation: Forewing of obliqua has distinct, basal, median, and subterminal bands that are light brown to grayish olive in coloration. The median band is sinnuate around the reniform spot. The subterminal band is constricted opposite the reniform spot and can be contiguous or separate at this point. In unimacula the bands are less distinct, and the median band is straighter, resulting in a larger white area between the basal and median bands (Figs. 4��6). The subterminal band in unimacula is represented by a distinct subapical spot with the remainder of the band faint, becoming more distinct towards the posterior forewing margin. The reniform spot is usually larger and better developed in unimacula than in obliqua. Male genitalia: The uncus is longer and thinner in unimacula than in obliqua. The costal valve margin is gently curved in unimacula and distinctly angulate toward the apex in obliqua; the valve is narrower in unimacula than in obliqua; and the corona has fewer, stouter setae in unimacula than in obliqua. The saccus in unimacula is only slightly wider than in obliqua. Female genitalia: The papillae anales apex is pointed in unimacula and broadly rounded in obliqua, which can easily be seen without dissection. The setae on the distal margin of the seventh segment are large and numerous in unimacula and are weak and fewer in obliqua; smaller setae occur sparsely over the rest of the segment in obliqua, but are absent in unimacula. Description. Male genitalia (Figs. 7��8): Uncus short (0.28 X valve length), robust. Valve elongate (length 7.5 X width), costal margin angulate at approximately 85% of length; ampulla short (0.04 X valve length); corona at apical 10% of valve length; sacculus well developed and 25% of valve length, dorsal margin distinct. Aedoeagus slightly curved; vesica with 2 coils and minute spicules. Female genitalia (Fig. 11): Papillae anales broadly triangulate, apex broadly rounded. Seventh segment with weak, elongate setae in a row along distal margin; smaller setae sparsely scattered on remainder of segment. Eighth segment with fine spicules. Ductus bursae moderately elongate. Appendix bursae coiled. Corpus bursae ovate; signa composed of 4 scobinate bars. Type material. Lectotype male, in USNM designated by Todd (1982). Label data: (1) S. obliqua Smith (handwritten in black ink); (2) Collection J.B. Smith; (3) Type No. 288 USNM [red label]; (4) male genitalia on slide, Nov. 29, 1937, JFGC # 1382; (5) Genitalia slide male, JFGC, USNM 40062; (6) LECTOTYPE, Schinia obliqua Smith; (7) USNM ENT 00143254 [bar code]. Larval host plant. Unknown. Flight period. July through September. Distribution (Fig. 13). Western Texas, southwestern New Mexico, and southern Arizona. Material Examined. Specimens were examined from the following states and counties: ARIZONA: Apache Co., Cochise Co., Graham Co., Maricopa Co., Pima Co., Santa Cruz Co. NEW MEXICO: Luna Co. TEXAS: Brewster Co., Jeff Davis Co. Discussion. The intensity and color of the forewing bands are variable. The small black spots at the ends of the cells along the outer margin can be present or absent. The hindwing can be almost immaculate to quite well marked with a distinct discal spot and marginal band., Published as part of Pogue, Michael G. & Harp, Charles E., 2003, Revised status of Schinia unimacula Smith including morphological comparisons with Schinia obliqua Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae), pp. 1-8 in Zootaxa 226 (1) on pages 2-4, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.226.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5014670, {"references":["Smith, J. B. (1893) A catalogue, bibliographical and synonymical, of the species of moths of the Lepidopterous superfamily Noctuidae, found in boreal America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 44, 1 - 424.","Dyar, H. G. (1903 [1902]) A list of North American Lepidoptera and key to the literature of this order of insects. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 52, i-xi, 1 - 723.","Barnes, W. & McDunnough, J. (1917) Check list of the Lepidoptera of boreal America. Herald Press, Decatur, Illinois. ix, 392 pp.","McDunnough, J. (1938) Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America. Part 1. Macrolepidoptera. Memoirs of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 275 pp.","Todd, E. L. (1982) The noctuid type material of John B. Smith (Lepidoptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin 1645, 228 pp.","Franclemont, J. G. & Todd, E. L. (1983) Noctuidae. In: Hodges, R. W., Dominick, T., Davis, D. R., Ferguson, D. C., Franclemont, J. G., Munroe, E. G. & Powell, J. A. (Eds), Check list of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico. University Press, Cambridge, pp. 120 - 159.","Poole, R. W. (1989) Fascicle 118, Noctuidae. Lepidopterorum Catalogus (New Series). E. J. Brill and Flora and Fauna Publications, Leiden. xii, 1313 pp.","Poole, R. W. & P. Gentili (eds.) (1996) Nomina Insecta Nearctica. A check list of the insects of North America, Volume 3: Diptera, Lepidoptera, Siphonaptera. Entomological Information Services, Rockville, Maryland, 1143 pp.","Hardwick, D. F. (1996) A monograph to the North American Heliothentinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). David F. Hardwick, Ottawa, Ontario, 281 pp."]}

Schinia unimacula Smith Revised Status (Figs. 4��6, 9��10, 12��13) Schinia unimacula Smith 1891:126. Smith 1893:276. Dyar 1903:188. Barnes and McDunnough 1917:39. McDunnough 1938:105. Todd 1982:219. Franclemont and Todd 1983:159. Poole 1989:898. Poole and Gentili 1996:772. Hardwick 1996:183 [synonym]. Schima [sic] coolidgei Hill 1924:185. McDunnough 1938:105 [synonym]. Franclemont and Todd 1983:159 [synonym]. Poole 1989:893 [synonym]. Poole and Gentili 1996:772 [synonym]. Hardwick 1996:183 [synonym]. Diagnosis. Schinia unimacula has a straight median band with a wide white area between the basal and median bands. The subterminal band consists of a distinct subapical spot, then becomes faint medially and more distinct on posterior margin. Reniform spot large and distinct. The male genitalia has a long and thin uncus and narrow valve with gently curved costal margin. The female papillae anales have a pointed apex. Large and numerous setae are present along the posterior margin of the seventh tergite. Description. Male genitalia (Figs. 9��10): Uncus short (0.39 X vavle length), thinner basally becoming broader toward apex. Valve elongate (length 8.1 X width), costal margin gently curved; ampulla elongate (0.10 X valve length); corona at apical 5% of valve length; sacculus well developed and 35% of valve length, distal margin not distinct and blends into valve. Aedoeagus slightly curved; vesica with 2 1/2 coils and minute spicules. Female genitalia (Fig. 12): Papillae anales triangulate, apex pointed. Eighth segment with fine spicules. Seventh segment with many large, robust setae in a row along distal margin; remainder of segment devoid of setae. Ductus bursae moderately elongate. Appendix bursae coiled. Corpus bursae ovate; signa composed of 4 scobinate bars. Type material. Schinia unimacula, lectotype male, in USNM designated by Todd (1982). Label data: 1) Colo, Bruce (hand written in black ink); 2) Schinia unimacula Type Smith (hand written in black ink); 3) Type No. 33719 USNM [red label]; 4) Col. B. Neum��gen; 5) LECTOTYPE, Schinia unimacula Smith; 6) USNM ENT 00143255 [bar code]. Schinia coolidgei, holotype male, in USNM. Label data: (1) Jacumba, 9. 28. 24, No. (Hand written in pencil); (2) HOLOTYPE male, Schinia coolidgei Hill, Jacumba Cal., E. Piazza, Sept 28��24 (hand written in black ink), HILL Collection (printed); (3) Barnes Collection (printed in red); (4) USNM ENT 00143256 [bar code]. Larval host plant. Hardwick (1996) describes the life history and larvae of S. unimacula from the Mohave Desert in southern California where the larvae feed on Ericameria paniculata (A. Gray) Rydb. In the Great Basin the larvae presumably feed on E. nauseosa (Pallas) Briton (Hardwick 1996). We plotted the host plant distribution of E. paniculata (Fig. 13, dark shading) and it does not occur in the Mojave Desert of southern California as stated by Hardwick (1996), but it coincides with specimens collected in southern Nevada and northwestern Arizona. The host plant distribution of E. nauseosa nauseosa (Fig. 13, light shading) more closely coincides with the broader distribution of S. unimacula. Further field studies should be conducted to confirm these larval hosts as well as those in Oregon, Washington, and northern Idaho. Flight period. End of July to early October with most records in August. Distribution (Fig. 13). From central Arizona and New Mexico, north to Colorado, southwestern Wyoming and Utah, west to Nevada and California, and north to Oregon, Idaho, and Washington. Material Examined. Specimens were examined from the following states and counties: ARIZONA: Mohave Co. CALIFORNIA: Inyo Co., Kern Co., Los Angeles Co., Modoc Co., Mono Co., Riverside Co., San Bernardino Co., San Diego Co., Tuolumne Co., Ventura Co. COLORADO: Adams Co., Alamosa Co., Arapahoe Co., Baca Co., Boulder Co., Denver Co., El Paso Co., Fremont Co., Huerfano Co., Jefferson Co., Kit Carson Co., La Plata Co., Larimer Co., Lincoln Co., Mesa Co., Moffat Co., Montezuma Co., Otero Co., Weld Co. IDAHO: Bonner Co. NEVADA: Clark Co., Eureka Co., Lander Co., Lincoln Co., Nye Co., Washoe Co. NEW MEXICO: Bernalillo Co. OREGON: Deschutes Co., Harney Co., Jefferson Co., Klamath Co. UTAH: Beaver Co., Daggett Co., Eureka Co., Garfield Co., Juab Co., Kane Co., Rich Co., San Juan Co., Sanpete Co., Sevier Co., Toole Co, Unitah Co., Utah Co., Washington Co. WASHINGTON: Okanogan Co. WYOMING: Lincoln Co., Uintah Co. Discussion. The forewing maculation of unimacula can approach that of obliqua, but the shape of the papillae anales is diagnostic. Forewing maculation seems to be darker and more contrasting in some Colorado specimens than those throughout the rest of the range. The discal spot in the hindwing can be present or absent and the marginal band is faint to almost absent. The holotype of coolidgei is a slightly more heavily marked individual than is typical of unimacula. The female paratype is typical of unimacula. Schinia unimacula is widespread through western United States, approaching the range of S. obliqua only in the southeastern portion of its range, so in most areas the species can be identified by distribution alone., Published as part of Pogue, Michael G. & Harp, Charles E., 2003, Revised status of Schinia unimacula Smith including morphological comparisons with Schinia obliqua Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae), pp. 1-8 in Zootaxa 226 (1) on pages 4-5, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.226.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5014670, {"references":["Smith, J. B. (1891) List of Lepidoptera of boreal America. P. C. Stockhausen, Philadelphia. v., 124 pp.","Smith, J. B. (1893) A catalogue, bibliographical and synonymical, of the species of moths of the Lepidopterous superfamily Noctuidae, found in boreal America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 44, 1 - 424.","Dyar, H. G. (1903 [1902]) A list of North American Lepidoptera and key to the literature of this order of insects. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 52, i-xi, 1 - 723.","Barnes, W. & McDunnough, J. (1917) Check list of the Lepidoptera of boreal America. Herald Press, Decatur, Illinois. ix, 392 pp.","McDunnough, J. (1938) Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America. Part 1. Macrolepidoptera. Memoirs of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 275 pp.","Todd, E. L. (1982) The noctuid type material of John B. Smith (Lepidoptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin 1645, 228 pp.","Franclemont, J. G. & Todd, E. L. (1983) Noctuidae. In: Hodges, R. W., Dominick, T., Davis, D. R., Ferguson, D. C., Franclemont, J. G., Munroe, E. G. & Powell, J. A. (Eds), Check list of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico. University Press, Cambridge, pp. 120 - 159.","Poole, R. W. (1989) Fascicle 118, Noctuidae. Lepidopterorum Catalogus (New Series). E. J. Brill and Flora and Fauna Publications, Leiden. xii, 1313 pp.","Poole, R. W. & P. Gentili (eds.) (1996) Nomina Insecta Nearctica. A check list of the insects of North America, Volume 3: Diptera, Lepidoptera, Siphonaptera. Entomological Information Services, Rockville, Maryland, 1143 pp.","Hardwick, D. F. (1996) A monograph to the North American Heliothentinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). David F. Hardwick, Ottawa, Ontario, 281 pp.","Hill, C. A. (1924) Pacific coast Lepidoptera No. 1 (Noctuidae). Some apparently new species of moths of the family Noctuidae and one saturnid aberration from the southwestern United States. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 23, 182 - 186."]}

Based on morphological characters and host plant use, species related to Schinia chrysellus (Grote) are revised. Schinia alencis (Harvey) is considered a valid species, revised status. Schinia chrysel- loides, new species is closely allied with S. chrysellus, and Schinia rufocostulata, new species is related to S. ciliata Smith. Localities of collected adult moths and their asteraceous host plants are compared and illustrated with distribution maps. Adults and male and female genitalia are illustrated for each species.

Schinia immaculata, new species, is described from riparian habitats along the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon. Habitats include the shoreline, new high water dominated by tamarisk (Tamarix sp., Tamaricaceae), and old high water characterized by mesquite (Prosopis sp., Fabaceae), acacia (Acacia sp., Fabaceae), and desert shrubs. Adult and male genitalia are illustrated and compared with Schinia biundulata Smith.

Four closely related species of Schinia are diagnosed using characters of maculation, genitalia, larval host plants, and distribution. The revised status of both Schinia albafascia Smith and Schinia brunnea Barnes and McDunnough are based on differences in wing maculation and male and female genitalic structures. The revised synonymy of Schinia megarena Smith with Schinia tertia (Grote) is discussed. Male and female genitalia are described and illustrated for the first time for all species.

Schinia varix, new species, is described, illustrated, and compared to similar species. Male and female adults and genitalia are figured. Comparative adults of S. siren (Strecker), S. roseitincta (Harvey), and S. antonio (Smith) also are figured.

Schinia unimacula is resurrected from the synonymy of S. obliqua and is treated as a full species based on differences in maculation and male and female genitalic structures. Schinia coolidgei Hill remains a synonym of S. unimacula. Genitalia of both sexes of S. unimacula and S. obliqua are described and illustrated for the first time.

Alkenals have recently become known as components of the sex pheromones of a few lepidopterous specis. A field survey of aldehydes and aldehyde-acetate mixtures as candidate lures for moths revealed general attractant activity in straight olefinic aldehydes of carbon number 12, 14 and 16. The numerous species captured by baited traps indicated that aldehydes may be as important in sex attractants as the better known acetates and alcohols. The main species captured were Acronicta sperata Grote, Ceramica picta (Harris), Agrotis volubilis Harvey, Cry modes devastator (Brace), Eurois astricta Morrison, Euxoa acornis Smith, Euxoa obeliscoides Guenee Faronta diffusa (Walker), Feltia ducens (Walker), Fishia derelicta Hampson, Lithomoia solidaginis Hubner, Nephelodes emmedonia (Cramer), Polia tacoma Strecker and Schinia bina Guenee.

A new subspecies, Helicoverpa pallida nihoaensis, from Nihoa Island, Hawaii, is described. Additional distributional data for Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in Hawaii are presented, and pupal diapause in a Sudan population of H. armigera (Hbn.) is discussed. The present generic assignment of Heliothis pauliana Viette is questioned, and Chloridea chilensis (Hamp.) is transferred to the genus Schinia.

Dr. E. L. Todd of the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, recently forwarded to me four specimens of a new species of Schinia collected by J. Baker on Steens Mt., Oregon. The new species superficially resembles S. aurantiaca (Hy. Edwards) in external appearance, but it is quite distinct on the basis of genitalic characters.