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Introduction: ADHD treatment is safe and effective, but often, adherence to t reatment is suboptimal. We studied factors associated to adherence to treatment in ADHD described in the literature., Methods: We conducted a non-systematic bibliographic search on recent articles on medication adherence in children and adolescents with ADHD., Results: There are factors associated with the disorder itself, the patient, the health system, socio-economic factors, the medication and the environment that can reduce/improve medication adherence. Some factors that improve adherence include: knowledge about ADHD, medication and its benefits and potential adverse effects. Simple, once-daily, extended-release medication regimens. Age of the patient less than 12 years and female sex. Fewer barriers to access the health system. Positive and proactive attitude of parents regarding ADHD and the use of medication., Discussion: Adherence could be optimized and therefore the long-term prognosis of ADHD improved by reinforcingfactors that increase adherence, and reducing biases and ignorance about ADHD.