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Objective: The objective of the present study was to perform a long-term follow-up of economically disadvantaged Latin American patients diagnosed as having psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) and contribute to the field's understanding of outcome in this population., Background: A handful of studies have examined outcome of patients once the diagnosis of PNES has been communicated. However, the vast majority of these have been conducted in the first world countries with samples that were predominantly Caucasian. There is limited knowledge about outcome in economically disadvantaged Latin American patients diagnosed as having PNES., Methods: This is a study of 23 patients (20 women, 3 men) with PNES in which demographic data (age, education, nationality, presence of psychological trauma, age of onset) were retrospectively retrieved from medical files. Follow-up was done through a telephonic questionnaire in which investigators collected clinical information (seizure characteristics at follow-up, and treatments employed) and changes in demographic data., Results: Patients from this Argentinian PNES sample demonstrated having many similar demographic and clinical characteristics to samples from US and European studies. Long-term follow-up revealed, however, decreased seizure frequency and intensity as well as a substantial improvement in occupational status. A majority had engaged in psychotherapy as well as alternative and complementary approaches. A majority had also developed what are suspected to be other functional symptoms., Conclusions: Argentinian patients from economically disadvantaged backgrounds, diagnosed as having PNES reported improvements in seizure frequency and occupational status during long-term follow-up. Future studies will need to focus on what (e.g., communication of diagnosis, psychotherapy, alternative treatments) may have contributed to these changes., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The modern approach to large bowel diverticulae is nowadays directed to localize group of patients, at risk for complications, who can be admitted to prophylactic surgery in order to avoid large number of emergency treatments. Despite this clinical attention 10% to 25% of the patients develop a minor or major complication either septic or bleeding. Surgery still remain the most common approach, and above all resection anastomosis treatment are to be preferred. Radiological and endoscopic diagnosis and care are getting more and more better in dealing with acute localised peritonitis and bleeding and can avoid invasive treatments when possible for a number of selected patients.