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5 results on '"SARS-Cov_2"'

2. Immunesenescence: A Predisposing Risk Factor for the Development of COVID-19?

Author

Jon Hazeldine and Janet M. Lord

Subjects
aging, COVID-19, immunesenescence, immune dysfunction, inflammaging, SARS-Cov_2, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Bearing a strong resemblance to the phenotypic and functional remodeling of the immune system that occurs during aging (termed immunesenescence), the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is characterized by an expansion of inflammatory monocytes, functional exhaustion of lymphocytes, dysregulated myeloid responses and the presence of highly activated senescent T cells. Alongside advanced age, male gender and pre-existing co-morbidities [e.g., obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D)] are emerging as significant risk factors for COVID-19. Interestingly, immunesenescence is more profound in males when compared to females, whilst accelerated aging of the immune system, termed premature immunesenescence, has been described in obese subjects and T2D patients. Thus, as three distinct demographic groups with an increased susceptibility to COVID-19 share a common immune profile, could immunesenescence be a generic contributory factor in the development of severe COVID-19? Here, by focussing on three key aspects of an immune response, namely pathogen recognition, elimination and resolution, we address this question by discussing how immunesenescence may weaken or exacerbate the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. We also highlight how aspects of immunesenescence could render potential COVID-19 treatments less effective in older adults and draw attention to certain therapeutic options, which by reversing or circumventing certain features of immunesenescence may prove to be beneficial for the treatment of groups at high risk of severe COVID-19.

Published
2020
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3. Impact of Spanish Public Health Measures on Emergency Visits and COVID- 19 diagnosed cases during the pandemic in Madrid.

Author

Javier Martín-Sánchez, Francisco, Valls Carbó, Adrián, López Picado, Amanda, Martínez-Valero, Carmen, Miranda, Juande D., Leal Pozuleo, José María, and González del Castillo, Juan

Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic, PUBLIC health, POLYMERASE chain reaction, EPIDEMIOLOGY
Abstract

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2020
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4. Impact of Spanish Public Health Measures on Emergency Visits and COVID- 19 diagnosed cases during the pandemic in Madrid

Author

Juan de Dios Miranda, C Martínez-Valero, J. González del Castillo, A López Picado, A Valls Carbó, J M Leal Pozuleo, and Francisco Javier Martín-Sánchez

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), España, Pneumonia, Viral, Urgencias, 01 natural sciences, Tertiary Care Centers, Betacoronavirus, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Salud pública, Pandemic, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, 0101 mathematics, Pandemics, epidemiología, Retrospective Studies, Pharmacology, Gynecology, Analysis of Variance, Health Services Needs and Demand, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Brief Report, Public health, 010102 general mathematics, COVID-19, General Medicine, Spain, Emergency, Quarantine, SARS-Cov_2, epidemiology, COVID_19, Public Health, Health Public, Coronavirus Infections, Emergency Service, Hospital, business
Abstract

espanolIntroduccion. Los cambios en las recomendaciones de Salud Publica pueden haber modificado la cantidad de visitas y los casos diagnosticados por COVID-19 en un servicio de urgencias de Madrid. Material y metodos. Estudio retrospectivo de series de casos que incluyo a todos los pacientes atendidos de manera consecutiva en un servicio de urgencias terciario y urbano en Madrid, del 1 al 31 de marzo. La muestra se dividio: no COVID-19, COVID-19 no investigado, COVID-19 posible, COVID-19 probable, COVID-19 confirmado. Las diferencias entre los diferentes periodos establecidos por Salud Publica se evaluaron por el test de ANOVA para cada cohorte, incluyendo el numero porcentual de test de PCR como covariable. Resultados. Se incluyeron un total de 7.163 casos (4.071 no COVID-19, 563 COVID-19 no investigados, 870 posibles, 648 probables y 1.011 confirmados COVID-19). Las medidas de Salud Publica aplicadas durante cada periodo mostraron un claro efecto en la proporcion de casos para las cinco cohortes. Conclusion. La variabilidad de las definiciones de casos y los criterios de las pruebas de diagnostico pueden tener un impacto en la cantidad de visitas a urgencias y en los casos diagnosticados de COVID-19 en el servicio de Urgencias. EnglishIntroduction. Changes in Public Health recommendations may have changed the number of emergency visits and COVID-19 diagnosed cases in an Emergency Department in Madrid. Material and methods. This retrospective case series study included all consecutive patients in a tertiary and urban ED in Madrid from 1st to 31st March. The sample was divided: NonCOVID-19, Non-investigated COVID-19, Possible COVID-19, Probable COVID-19, Confirmed COVID-19. Differences between public health periods were tested by ANOVA for each cohort, and by ANCOVA including the number of PCR tests (%) as covariate. Results. A total of 7,163 (4,071 Non-COVID-19, 563 Non-investigated COVID-19, 870 Possible, 648 Probable and 1,011 Confirmed COVID-19) cases were included. Public Health measurements applied during each period showed a clear effect on the case proportion for the five cohorts. Conclusion. The variability of case definitions and diagnostic test criteria may have impact on the number of emergency visits and COVID-19 diagnosed cases in Emergency Department.

Published
2020
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