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The research of antibacterial activity of Mexican sunflower leaf Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A.Gray aqueous extract against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was carried out. The research aimed to observe the antibacterial activity of Mexican sunflower leaves aqueous extract to inhibit the growth of MRSA with concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%. The extracts were obtained by the maceration method, and the antibacterial activity was tested using the agar well diffusion method. Characterization of Mexican sunflower leaves simplicia were obtained with water level 9%, water-soluble level 21,6%, ethanol-soluble level 10,3%, and total ash level 14,36%. Characterization of Mexican sunflower leaves aqueous extracts were obtained with water level 26,36%, water-soluble level 53,13%, ethanol-soluble level 26,36%, and total ash level 19,98%. Phytochemical screening revealed that aqueous extract of Mexican sunflower leaves contained secondary metabolites of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The largest inhibitory zone was shown at a 50% extract concentration with a diameter of 12,40 mm. The aqueous extract of Mexican sunflower leaves was capable to form the inhibition zone on the MRSA growth.

Abstract: Cancer is the biggest cause of death in Indonesia. Cancer treatment efforts have been made but it could harm cancer patients. It is necessary to find another alternative from nature as an anticancer. This study aims to see the ability of endophytic actinobacterial isolates from ginger (Zingiber officinale) as an anticancer tested using the BSLT method (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) by calculating the values of LC50 and LT50. The best value isolates from the BSLT method, then tested using phytochemical ethanol extract. The highest toxicity value was found in AJ2 isolates. LC50 and LT50 values of AJ2 isolates were 309.358 µg/ml and 11.879 hours. Phytochemical results of ethanol extract of AJ2 isolates were detected containing steroids, terpenoids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins. AJ2 isolates which derived from ginger endophytic actinobacteria have potential as an anticancer because they have high toxic values that rised rapidly. Abstrak: Kanker menjadi penyebab kematian terbesar di Indonesia. Upaya pengobatan kanker sudah dilakukan namun memberikan dampak negatif bagi penderita kanker. Perlu dilakukan penemuan alternatif lain berasal dari alam sebagai antikanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kemampuan isolat aktinobakteri endofit asal jahe (Zingiber officinale) sebagai antikanker. 7 isolat aktinobakteri endofit jahe diuji menggunakan metode BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) dengan menghitung nilai LC50 dan LT50. Isolat nilai terbaik dari metode BSLT, selanjutnya diuji menggunakan fitokimia ekstrak etanol. Nilai toksisitas tertinggi terdapat pada isolat AJ2. Nilai LC50 dan LT50 isolat AJ2 adalah 309,358 µg/ml dan 11,879 jam. Hasil fitokimia ekstrak etanol isolat AJ2 terdeteksi mengandung steroid, terpenoid, fenol, tanin, flavonoid, alkaloid dan saponin. Isolat AJ2 yang berasal dari actinobacteria endofit jahe berpotensi sebagai antikanker karena memiliki nilai toksik yang tinggi dalam waktu singkat.

Endophytic bacteria are microorganisms that thrive in plant tissue without causing any negative effects to the host plants. The purpose of this study was to apply endophytic bacteria that have the potential to produce IAA hormones as biological agents in rice seeds. This research was conducted by testing IAA hormone using a spectrophotometer, testing HCN production using filter paper, biochemically identification of the isolate, and applicating endophytic bacteria into rice seeds. Endophytic bacteria have different abilities in producing IAA hormone. Based on the results of the study, the highest IAA concentration (57 ppm) was obtained from KSB1 (Potassium Solubilizing Bacteria) isolates and followed by KSB3 isolate with 56 ppm. All the endophytic bacteria isolates were unable to produce HCN. Results of the study showed that KSB1 and KSB3 isolate were able to influence the growth of root length by 5.62 cm and 6.70 respectively as well as the canopy height by 8.56 cm and 8.30 cm respectively. Based on observations of colony morphology, cell morphology and biochemical tests, KSB1 was presumably belong to the genus Staphylococcus. In this study, new information about endophytic bacteria that can increase the growth of Ciherang variety rice can be obtained. This study provides information that the application of environmentally friendly bacteria is important to preserve the environment and agriculture sustainability in Indonesia without reducing the productivity of rice.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of obesity on the treatment response to secukinumab and drug survival rate in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods: We performed an observational cohort study that included AS patients based on the biological drug database in Turkey (TURKBIO) Registry between 2018 and 2021. The patients were divided into three groups: normal [body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2], overweight (BMI: 25–30 kg/m2), and obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Disease activity was evaluated at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. Drug retention rates at 12 months were also investigated. Results: There were 166 AS patients using secukinumab (56.6% male, mean age: 44.9 ± 11.6 years). The median follow-up time was 17.2 (3–33.2) months. Forty-eight (28.9%) patients were obese. The mean age was higher in the obese group than in others (P = .003). There was no statistically significant difference in Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index 50, Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society 20 (ASAS20), ASAS40, Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) low disease activity, and ASDAS clinically important improvement responses between the three groups at 3, 6, and 12 months, although they were numerically lower in obese patients. Drug retention rates at 12 months were similar in all groups (P > .05). Conclusions: This study suggested that obesity did not affect secukinumab treatment response and drug retention in AS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) has many benefits for human and animal health and has been widely used as a probiotic. One of the LAB is the genus Lactobacillus which consists of many species used for fermentation and food preservation. This study was conducted to isolate and identify the LAB of the genus Lactobacillus from the faeces of wild Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii) at the Suaq Belimbing Research Station in South Aceh. Bacterial isolation was carried out using Man Rogosa Sharpe Agar (MRSA). Colonies that grew on MRSA media were observed for morphology and were Gram stained. Biochemical tests were conducted using KIT API 50 CHL. Data analysis used the Apiweb computer program Version V-5.2. The results showed that the OUL isolate was a species of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp delbrueckii, with an identity of 93.8%. Based on this, it can be concluded that there is a Lactic Acid Bacteria of the Lactobacillus in the faeces of wild Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii) at the Suaq Belimbing Research Station in South Aceh.

Endophytic bacteria are beneficial microorganisms that interact with host plants without causing any interference or damage to plants. This research aimed to obtain endophytic bacteria isolated from the root tissue of rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) which have potential to produce IAA hormones,, identify the endophytic bacteria in morphologically and physiologically, and analysis of the selected isolate 16S rRNA genes. Based on the results of this research, there were six endophytic bacteria isolates obtained. They have high morphological diversity and differen ability producing IAA hormones. The highest concentration of IAA (425 ppm) was obtained isolates from EAP3. Isolate EAP3 also produce inhibit the growth of Xanthomonas oryzae with a 5.2 mm inhibition zone. Based on the biochemical test, EAP3 had 60% similarity with Enterobacter asburiae. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed that EAP3 had the highest similarity with Enterobacter asburiae strain U4 by 99%. This research data is considered as new information about the potential of endophytic bacteria from the roots of rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) which is capable of producing IAA hormones and is able to inhibit pathogenic bacteria. This research provides information that can be used as a basis for developing endophytic bacteria as biological fertilizers.

Aim: This study aimed to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in wild Sumatran orangutans to provide more information about LAB diversity derived from Sumatran orangutan feces. Materials and Methods: Fecal sampling from three female orangutans, around 35 years old, was carried out in the wild forest areas at the research station of Suaq Belimbing Gunung Leuser National Park located in the South Aceh district. Orangutan fecal samples were taken in the morning when the orangutans first defecated. The orangutans were above the tree, which is approximately 12-15 m from the ground where feces were found. Results: Fermentation testing using the API 50 CHL Kit showed that OUL4 isolates were identified as Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis with an identity value of 73.5%. Homology analysis demonstrated that the OUL4 isolates have 93% similarity to Weissella cibaria, and phylogenetic trees constructed using Mega 7.0 also showed that OUL4 isolates are related to W. cibaria. Conclusion: These results show that there is a difference in identification between biochemical testing with API kits and molecular analyses on LAB isolates from wild Sumatran orangutans. Based on 16S rRNA gene homology, the OUL4 LAB isolates from wild Sumatran orangutans have 93% homology to W. cibaria.

Nefropati Diabetik or Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) adalah perubahan struktural dan fungsional patologis spesifik yang terlihat pada ginjal pasien Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Nefropati diabetik menyebabkan berbagai perubahan pada kapiler dan arteri, penebalan membran endotel, trombosis dan inflamasi. Kondisi ini terlihat setelah satu atau dua tahun menderita DM. Diabetes mellitus juga dapat berkontribusi pada gagal jantung kronik dengan mekanisme sistemik, miokard, dan seluler. Semua faktor inilah yang dapat menyebakan malnutrisi. Ini adalah laporan kasus dari seorang wanita berusia 50 tahun, dengan keluhan tidak ada asupan oral yang didiagnosis dengan moderate protein energy malnutrition, nefropati diabetik, gagal jantung kronik NYHA III dengan karsinoma serviks dan pasca operasi URS Bilateral, Replace DJ Stent. Terapi nutrisi diberikan 720 kkal, ditingkatkan bertahap menjadi 2000 kkal sesuai kemampuan dan kondisi pasien, dengan komposisi 0,8-1 g / kg BB ideal / hari protein dan ekstrak ikan gabus, 45-50% karbohidrat dan 41-47% lemak diikuti dengan suplementasi seng (20 mg / hari), vitamin B kompleks, dan kurkumin. Terjadi peningkatan asupan energi dari 245 kkal menjadi 2.142,6 kkal diikuti dengan peningkatan hasil laboratorium seperti penurunan ureum / kreatinin (114 / 3,2 menjadi 84 / 2,05 mg / dl, penurunan leukosit (14.000 menjadi 7200 / µl), penurunan asam urat (13,1 hingga 7,3) mg / dl, penurunan kadar gula darah (199 menjadi 162 g / dl), peningkatan hemoglobin (6,7 hingga 8,2 g / dl), peningkatan kadar natrium (128 hingga 131 mmol / l) Kesimpulan: Terapi gizi yang adekuat selama 16 hari dapat memperbaiki kondisi, status metabolisme dan kualitas hidup pasien.

(Characterization Of Lactit Acid Bacteria Indegenous From Jruek Drien, Aceh Province ABSTRACT. Jruek drien is traditional fermented Durian. The purpose of this research was to obtain Lactic acid bacteria indigenous from jruek drien for development potential probiotic. The research was conducted at Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science of Syiah Kuala University from Februari – Juny 2015. Sample was taken from Aceh Jaya Regency, Aceh Barat Regency, Aceh Barat Daya Regency, Nagan Raya Regency dan Aceh Selatan Regency. The results showed that there are 9 Lactic acid bacteria indigenous isolate from jruek drien.