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Rapid Prototyping (RP) is a technology used to incrementally shape products or add material using 3D printing equipment. 3D printing is extensively utilized throughout several industries, particularly in the medical sector. This study aims to make a valuable contribution to the field by specifically focusing on the manufacturing of foot prosthetics for patients who have undergone below-knee amputations. The design step on Solidwork software is initiated, followed by the realization of the chosen design utilizing a 3D printing machine, which utilizes PLA as the preferred material. The main focus of this study is to optimize the manufacturing process in order to determine the parameters that result in the most effective production of foot prosthesis, while minimizing the time required for machining. Optimization analysis revealed that the most effective parameters for producing PLA foot prosthesis using a 3D printing machine are a layer height of 0.1 mm, infill density of 100%, print speed of 100 mm/s, and nozzle temperature of 210°C. These adjusted parameters are essential benchmarks for the production sector of foot prostheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An Athletes thought process in coordinating the sensory system and motor system can be assessed by reaction time. At hand reaction time, good visual and motor hand coordination will provide a quick response to hand movements, Good reaction time is very important in karate, as it allows early identification of an opponent's body movement or attack which allows decisive or evasive action to be taken if necessary. The aim of this study is to examine how two types of reaction speed exercises, modified directional hand movement and ball release with eye-hand coordination as an attribute variable, affect gyaku zuki chudan punch speed. The method utilized in this study was an experiment with a treatment design by level 2 x 2 on 111 junior karate athletes aged 16-17 years in Bekasi, Indonesia. This study used a random selection approach to choose 60 persons, who were then separated into four groups. This study's device for measuring gyaku zuki chudan punch speed was punching speed test. Meanwhile, the ball-catching was used as an eye-hand coordination test tool. The results show that the modified directional hand movement exercise has a greater effect than ball release on the gyaku zuki chudan punch speed. There is an interaction between reaction speed and eye-hand coordination exercises on the gyaku zuki chudan punch speed. That athletes who have high eye-hand coordination are better if they are trained with modified directional hand, and athletes who have low eye-hand coordination are better if they are trained with ball release. So that the gyaku zuki chudan punch technique training program determined by the modified directional hand movement and ball release exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study highlights that dynamic balance is a critical element in martial arts, and it is essential for every martial arts athlete to have quick and powerful movements that require precise body control. The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) is a dynamic balance test that measures the ability to maintain balance while reaching in multiple directions, the normalized reach distance values of the SEBT can be used as an index of dynamic postural control and to evaluate the dynamic balance of lower limbs in 8 selective directions to determine potential risk of injury. The study aimed to validate the modified star excursion balance test (mSEBT). The modified star excursion balance test (mSEBT) in this research is a widely used tool to assess dynamic postural stability in athletes. It involves performing the range of motion in eight different directions based on time. The participants included 68 undergraduate students in the physical education, sport, and recreation study program at Universitas Islam 45, Indonesia (age: M=20.11, SD=0.38). Rasch analysis was utilized to evaluate the validity and reliability of the the modified star excursion balance test (mSEBT) and correlation was to hypothesis analysis. The results confirm that the mSEBT is valid and reliable measure for both test. In conclusions, martial arts athletes must possess the ability to maintain dynamic balance for an extended period of time, and the mSEBT can be used as a measuring tool to determine the ability to maintain dynamic balance in martial arts athletes with the mSEBT Based on Longest Time (LT) test procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated laterality of manual pushing during a gait cycle by measuring pushing force, muscular activation and foot pressure. Subjects were 17 healthy young adult males; (11 right-handed [RH], and 6 left-handed [LH]). They pushed a force plate while walking on a treadmill at 1.5, 3, and 4 km/h. Electromyogram (EMG) data were collected bilaterally from the tibialis anterior, soleus, lumbar erector spinae and triceps brachii. To measure foot pressure, ten pressure sensors were attached bilaterally on five points of the sole. Symmetry assessment was performed by comparing bilateral data and cross-correlation function (CCF). Gait cycle duration was found to be symmetrical in all conditions. LH subjects demonstrated asymmetry in calcaneus contact duration to control ankle flexion, whereas RH were symmetrical. Velocity affected tibialis anterior muscle time lag and soleus muscle CCF coefficients, mainly in LH. We found that triceps brachii muscle CCF coefficients in LH subjects were affected by increasing velocity. Results indicated that LH and RH did not mirror each other, since both had distinct characteristics. Furthermore these asymmetries were not strictly associated with the preferred side, indicating that generalisation of preferred side to whole-body coordination should be avoided, since we could not separate one side from the other.

In order to reconcile contradictory results from previous studies on manual pushing, a study was conducted to examine the effect of trunk inclination on muscular activities, centre of pressure (COP) and force exertion during static pushing. Ten subjects pushed at 0 degrees, 15 degrees, 30 degrees, and 45 degrees body inclinations in parallel and staggered feet stances. Wall and ground force plates measured pushing force, wall COP, vertical ground reaction force (GRF) and ground COP. Electromyogram data were recorded at 10 trunk muscle sites. Pushing force was found to increase with body inclination. GRF peaked at 15 degrees and reached its lowest level at the 45 degrees inclination. The lowest wall force plate standard deviation of COP displacement was found at the 30 degrees inclination. The lowest low back muscular activity was found at the 15 degrees and 30 degrees inclinations. Based on force exertion, muscular load, and stability, the 30 degrees body inclination was found to be the best posture for static pushing. This study also showed asymmetry in muscular activity and force exertion which has been received less attention in manual pushing studies. These findings will require further study.