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1. Use of Remdesivir in children with COVID-19: report of an Italian multicenter study

Author: Romani, Lorenza, Roversi, Marco, Bernardi, Stefania, Venturini, Elisabetta, Garazzino, Silvia, Donà, Daniele, Krzysztofiak, Andrzej, Montagnani, Carlotta, Funiciello, Elisa, Calò Carducci, Francesca Ippolita, Marabotto, Caterina, Castagnola, Elio, Salvini, Filippo, Lancella, Laura, Lo Vecchio, Andrea, Galli, Luisa, and Castelli Gattinara, Guido
Published: 2024
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2. Off-label use of combined antiretroviral therapy, analysis of data collected by the Italian Register for HIV-1 infection in paediatrics in a large cohort of children

Author: Chiappini, Elena, Lisi, Catiuscia, Giacomet, Vania, Erba, Paola, Bernardi, Stefania, Zangari, Paola, Di Biagio, Antonio, Taramasso, Lucia, Giaquinto, Carlo, Rampon, Osvalda, Gabiano, Clara, Garazzino, Silvia, Tagliabue, Claudia, Esposito, Susanna, Bruzzese, Eugenia, Badolato, Raffaele, Zanaboni, Domenico, Cellini, Monica, Dedoni, Maurizio, Mazza, Antonio, Pession, Andrea, Giannini, Anna Maria, Salvini, Filippo, Dodi, Icilio, Carloni, Ines, Cazzato, Salvatore, Tovo, Pier Angelo, de Martino, Maurizio, and Galli, Luisa
Published: 2022
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3. The immunogenicity and safety of a tetravalent measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine when co-administered with conjugated meningococcal C vaccine to healthy children: A phase IIIb, randomized, multi-center study in Italy

Author: Durando, Paolo, Esposito, Susanna, Bona, Gianni, Cuccia, Mario, Desole, Maria Giuseppina, Ferrera, Giuseppe, Gabutti, Giovanni, Pellegrino, Angelo, Salvini, Filippo, Henry, Ouzama, Povey, Michael, and Marchetti, Federico
Published: 2016
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4. COVID-19 in Infants Less than 3 Months: Severe or Not Severe Disease?

Author: Dona', Daniele, Montagnani, Carlotta, Di Chiara, Costanza, Venturini, Elisabetta, Galli, Luisa, Lo Vecchio, Andrea, Denina, Marco, Olivini, Nicole, Bruzzese, Eugenia, Campana, Andrea, Giacchero, Roberta, Salvini, Filippo, Meini, Antonella, Ponzoni, Matteo, Trapani, Sandra, Rossi, Elena, Lombardi, Mary Haywood, Badolato, Raffaele, Pierri, Luca, Pruccoli, Giulia, Rossin, Sara, Colomba, Claudia, Cazzato, Salvatore, Pacati, Ilaria, Nicolini, Giangiacomo, Pierantoni, Luca, Bianchini, Sonia, Krzysztofiak, Andrzej, Garazzino, Silvia, Giaquinto, Carlo, Castelli Gattinara, Guido, On Behalf Of The Italian Sitip-Sip Pediatric Sars-CoV-Infection Study Group, null, Dona', D., Montagnani, C., Di Chiara, C., Venturini, E., Galli, L., Lo Vecchio, A., Denina, M., Olivini, N., Bruzzese, E., Campana, A., Giacchero, R., Salvini, F., Meini, A., Ponzoni, M., Trapani, S., Rossi, E., Lombardi, M. H., Badolato, R., Pierri, L., Pruccoli, G., Rossin, S., Colomba, C., Cazzato, S., Pacati, I., Nicolini, G., Pierantoni, L., Bianchini, S., Krzysztofiak, A., Garazzino, S., Giaquinto, C., Castelli Gattinara, G., Dona', Daniele, Montagnani, Carlotta, Di Chiara, Costanza, Venturini, Elisabetta, Galli, Luisa, Lo Vecchio, Andrea, Denina, Marco, Olivini, Nicole, Bruzzese, Eugenia, Campana, Andrea, Giacchero, Roberta, Salvini, Filippo, Meini, Antonella, Ponzoni, Matteo, Trapani, Sandra, Rossi, Elena, Lombardi, Mary Haywood, Badolato, Raffaele, Pierri, Luca, Pruccoli, Giulia, Rossin, Sara, Colomba, Claudia, Cazzato, Salvatore, Pacati, Ilaria, Nicolini, Giangiacomo, Pierantoni, Luca, Bianchini, Sonia, Krzysztofiak, Andrzej, Garazzino, Silvia, Giaquinto, Carlo, Castelli Gattinara, Guido, and On Behalf Of The Italian Sitip-Sip Pediatric Sars-CoV-Infection Study Group, null
Subjects: Adult, Fever, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, infants, neonates, Infant, Newborn, infant, Infectious Diseases, Cough, Virology, Humans, neonate, Child, Human
Abstract: Compared to adults, severe or fatal COVID-19 disease is much less common in children.However, a higher risk for progression has been reported in infants. Different pediatric COVID-19severity scores are reported in the literature. Methods: Subjects under 90 days of age admittedto 35 Italian institutions for COVID-19 were included. The severity of COVID-19 was scored asmild/moderate or severe/critical following the classification reported in the literature by Venturini,Dong, Kanburoglu, and Gale. To assess the diagnostic accuracy of each classification system, westratified all enrolled patients developing a posteriori severity score based on clinical presentation andoutcomes and then compared all different scores analyzed. Results: We included 216 infants below90 days of age. The most common symptom was fever, followed by coryza, poor feeding, cough, andgastrointestinal manifestations. According to Venturini, Dong, Kanburoglu, and Gale’s severity scores,18%, 6%, 4.2%, and 29.6% of infants presented with severe/critical disease, respectively. A correlationanalysis between these four scores and the a posteriori severity score assigned to all enrolled subjects was performed, and a crescent strength of correlation from Gale (R = 0.355, p < 0.001) to Venturini(R = 0.425, p < 0.001), Dong (R = 0.734, p < 0.001), and Kanburoglu (R = 0.859, p < 0.001) was observed.Conclusions: The percentage of infants with severe COVID-19 varies widely according to the scoresystems. A unique clinical score should be designed for neonates and infants with COVID-19.&nbsp
Published: 2022
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5. Probiotics in Infant Dietetics

Author: Agostoni, Carlo, Salvini, Filippo, Bendich, Adrianne, editor, Michail, Sonia, editor, and Sherman, Philip M., editor
Published: 2009
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6. Strategies for Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Adopted in the “Real-World” Setting: Data From the Italian Register for HIV-1 Infection in Children

Author: Chiappini, Elena, Galli, Luisa, Lisi, Catiuscia, Gabiano, Clara, Esposito, Susanna, Giacomet, Vania, Giaquinto, Carlo, Rampon, Osvalda, Badolato, Raffaele, Genovese, Orazio, Buffolano, Wilma, Osimani, Patrizia, Cellini, Monica, Bernardi, Stefania, Maccabruni, Anna, Dodi, Icilio, Salvini, Filippo, Faldella, Giacomo, Quercia, Michele, Gotta, Cristina, Rabusin, Marco, Natale, Fabio, Mazza, Antonio, Merighi, Mara, Tovo, Pier-Angelo, and de Martino, Maurizio
Published: 2018
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7. Nationwide survey on the management of pediatric pharyngitis in Italian emergency units.

Author: Milani, Gregorio P., Rosa, Claudio, Tuzger, Naz, Alberti, Ilaria, Ghizzi, Chiara, Zampogna, Stefania, Amigoni, Angela, Agostoni, Carlo, Peroni, Diego, Marchisio, Paola, Chiappini, Elena, Tappi, Eleonora, Rabbone, Ivana, Salvini, Filippo M., Cozzi, Giorgio, Silvagni, Davide, Pitea, Marco, Manieri, Sergio, Crisalfi, Antonella, and Vaccaro, Angelina
Subjects: PHARYNGITIS diagnosis, PATIENT aftercare, RESEARCH, CLAVULANIC acid, ANTIMICROBIAL stewardship, HOSPITAL emergency services, RAPID diagnostic tests, STREPTOCOCCAL diseases, PATIENTS' attitudes, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, RESEARCH funding, ROUTINE diagnostic tests, DISEASE management, ACUTE diseases, PHARYNGITIS, AMOXICILLIN, CHILDREN
Abstract: Background: Acute pharyngitis is a frequent reason for primary care or emergency unit visits in children. Most available data on pharyngitis management come from primary care studies that demonstrate an underuse of microbiological tests, a tendency to over-prescribe antibiotics and a risk of antimicrobial resistance increase. However, a comprehensive understanding of acute pharyngitis management in emergency units is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of rapid antigen test use to diagnose acute pharyngitis, as well as other diagnostic approaches, the therapeutic attitude, and follow-up of children with this condition in the emergency units. Methods: A multicentric national study was conducted in Italian emergency departments between April and June 2022. Results: A total of 107 out of 131 invited units (response rate 82%), participated in the survey. The results showed that half of the units use a scoring system to diagnose pharyngitis, with the McIsaac score being the most commonly used. Most emergency units (56%) were not provided with a rapid antigen diagnostic test by their hospital, but the test was more frequently available in units visiting more than 10,000 children yearly (57% vs 33%, respectively, p = 0.02). Almost half (47%) of the units prescribe antibiotics in children with pharyngitis despite the lack of microbiologically confirmed cases of Group A β-hemolytic streptococcus. Finally, about 25% of units prescribe amoxicillin-clavulanic acid to treat Group A β-hemolytic streptococcus pharyngitis. Conclusions: The study sheds light on the approach to pharyngitis in emergency units, providing valuable information to improve the appropriate management of acute pharyngitis in this setting. The routinary provision of rapid antigen tests in the hospitals could enhance the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to pharyngitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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8. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in children: tools for a timely diagnosis in the Emergency Department from an Italian Multicenter Survey

Author: Mauro, Angela, primary, Maglione, Marco, additional, Savoia, Fabio, additional, Calvi, Matteo, additional, Amoroso, Angela, additional, Sangerardi, Maria, additional, Tubino, Barbara, additional, Piccotti, Emanuela, additional, Fabi, Marianna, additional, Salvadeei, Serena, additional, Gadda, Dario, additional, Marchetti, Federico, additional, Midulla, Fabio, additional, Buonsenso, Danilo, additional, Magrassi, Silvia, additional, Salvini, Filippo Maria, additional, Pignataro, Rossana, additional, Florio, Francesca Di, additional, Giudice, Emanuela Del, additional, Lubrano, Riccardo, additional, Tipo, Vincenzo, additional, Rosa, Mrgherita, additional, Gagliardi, Thaililja, additional, Picciano, Ludovica, additional, Stanco, Michela, additional, Gagliardi, Stefania, additional, Orlando, Francesca, additional, Ballani, Iacopo, additional, Canzaniga, Viola, additional, Medici, Francesco, additional, Torre, Francesco La, additional, Cardinale, Fabio, additional, Tibaldi, Jessica, additional, Schiappapietra, Benedetta, additional, D'Alessandro, Matteo, additional, Bitelli, Maria, additional, Gallotta, Giulia, additional, Masi, Stefano, additional, Nucci, Alessia, additional, Agosti, Massimo, additional, Plebani, Annamaria, additional, Iacono, Alessandra, additional, Cairello, Francesca, additional, Ghizzi, Chiara, additional, Rossi, Nadia, additional, Schiavone, Iolanda, additional, and Gentile, Antonia, additional
Published: 2022
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9. Diagnosis and management of urinary tract infections in children aged 2 months to 3 years in the Italian emergency units: the ItaUTI study

Author: Francesca, Cenzato, Milani, Gregorio P., Angela, Amigoni, Francesca, Sperotto, Bianchetti, Mario G., Carlo, Agostoni, Giovanni, Montini, Farello, Giovanni, Francesco, Chiarelli, Greco, Rita, Franco Di Lollo, Fabio Rocco Forte, Sergio, Manieri, Luigi, Carpino, Mimma, Caloiero, Anastasia, Cirisano, Salvatore, Bragh(`(o)), Roberto Della Casa, Felice, Nunziata, Carmine, Pecoraro, Rosario, Pacifico, Marcello, Lanari, Chiara, Ghizzi, Laura, Serra, Marcello, Stella, Giuseppe, Maggiore, Roberto, Fiorini, Icilio, Dodi, Andrea, Morelli, Lorenzo, Lughetti, Andrea, Cella, Gianluca, Vergine, Alessandro De Fanti, Danica, Dragovic, Daniele, Santori, Giorgio, Cozzi, Paola, Cogo, Marilena, Raponi, Riccardo, Lubrano, Mauro de Martinis, Antonio, Gatto, Maria Antonietta Barbieri, Antonino, Reale, Giorgio, Bracaglia, Emanuela, Piccotti, Riccardo, Borea, Alberto, Gaiero, Laura, Martelli, Alberto, Arrighini, Paola, Cianci, Claudio, Cavalli, Leonardina De Santis, Benedetta Chiara Pietra, Andrea, Biondi, Marco, Sala, Pogliani, Laura M., Simonetta, Cherubini, Marta, Bellini, Paola, Bruni, Giovanni, Traina, Paola, Tommasi, Paolo Del Barba, Sergio, Arrigoni, Salvini, Filippo M., Luca, Bernardo, Giuseppe, Bertolozzi, Silvia, Fasoli, Gian Luigi Marseglia, Emilio, Palumbo, Annalisa, Bosco, Gianpaolo, Mirri, Elisabetta, Fabiani, Ermanno, Ruffini, Luisa, Pieragostini, Martina, Fornaro, Gabriele, Ripanti, Donnina, Pannoni, Felici, Enrico, Anna, Perona, Eleonora, Tappi, Oscar Nis Haitink, Ivana, Rabbone, Pina Teresa Capalbo, Antonio, Urbino, Andrea, Guala, Gianluca, Cosi, Maria Gabriella Barracchia, Baldassarre, Martire, Fabio, Cardinale, Fulvio, Moramarco, Carmelo, Perrone, Angelo, Campanozzi, Valerio, Cecinati, Alessandro, Canetto, Ciro, Clemente, Antonio, Cualbu, Fabio, Narducci, Giuseppina, Mula, Pasquale, Bulciolu, Roberto, Antonucci, Giuseppe, Gramaglia, Giuseppe, Cavaleri, Carmelo, Salpietro, Giovanni, Corsello, Rosario, Salvo, Marcello, Palmeri, Maria Assunta Vitale, Ambra, Morgano, Susanna, Falorni, Diego, Peroni, Stefano, Masi, Alessio, Bertini, Angelina, Vaccaro, Pierluigi, Vasarri, Petra, Reinstadler, Massimo, Soffiati, Maurizio, Stefanelli, VERROTTI di PIANELLA, Alberto, Catherine, Bertone, Stefano, Marzini, Liviana Da Dalt, Simone, Rugolotto, Floriana, Scozzola, Luca Ecclesio Livio, Mauro, Cinquetti, Davide, Silvagni, Massimo Bellettato and, Cenzato F., Milani G.P., Amigoni A., Sperotto F., Bianchetti M.G., Agostoni C., Montini G., Farello G., Chiarelli F., Greco R., Di Lollo F., Rocco Forte F., Manieri S., Carpino L., Caloiero M., Cirisano A., Bragho S., Della Casa R., Nunziata F., Pecoraro C., Pacifico R., Lanari M., Ghizzi C., Serra L., Stella M., Maggiore G., Fiorini R., Dodi I., Morelli A., Lughetti L., Cella A., Vergine G., De Fanti A., Dragovic D., Santori D., Cozzi G., Cogo P., Raponi M., Lubrano R., de Martinis M., Gatto A., Barbieri M.A., Reale A., Bracaglia G., Piccotti E., Borea R., Gaiero A., Martelli L., Arrighini A., Cianci P., Cavalli C., De Santis L., Pietra B.C., Biondi A., Sala M., Pogliani L.M., Cherubini S., Bellini M., Bruni P., Traina G., Tommasi P., Del Barba P., Arrigoni S., Salvini F.M., Bernardo L., Bertolozzi G., Fasoli S., Marseglia G.L., Palumbo E., Bosco A., Mirri G., Fabiani E., Ruffini E., Pieragostini L., Fornaro M., Ripanti G., Pannoni D., Enrico F., Perona A., Tappi E., Nis Haitink O., Rabbone I., Capalbo P.T., Urbino A., Guala A., Cosi G., Barracchia M.G., Martire B., Cardinale F., Moramarco F., Perrone C., Campanozzi A., Cecinati V., Canetto A., Clemente C., Cualbu A., Narducci F., Mula G., Bulciolu P., Antonucci R., Gramaglia G., Cavaleri G., Salpietro C., Corsello G., Salvo R., Palmeri M., Vitale M.A., Morgano A., Falorni S., Peroni D., Masi S., Bertini A., Vaccaro A., Vasarri P., Reinstadler P., Soffiati M., Stefanelli M., Verrotti di Pianella A., Bertone C., Marzini S., Da Dalt L., Rugolotto S., Scozzola F., Ecclesio Livio L., Cinquetti M., Silvagni D., and Bellettato M.
Subjects: Catheter, Urinary tract, Emergency department, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Guidelines, Infants, Infection, Survey, Urine, Infant, Guideline
Abstract: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most frequent bacterial diseases in infants and children. Physician adherence to recommendations is notoriously often poor, but no data are available on UTIs management in the emergency setting. In this multicenter national study, we investigated the policies regarding UTIs management in children aged 2 months to 3 years in Italian emergency units. Between April and June 2021, directors of the emergency units were invited to answer an online survey on the following items: diagnostic approach to children with fever without an apparent source, therapeutic approach to UTIs, the use of kidney and urinary tract ultrasound, and the criteria for hospitalization. A total of 121 (89%) out of 139 of invited units participated in the study. Overall, units manage children with a suspected or confirmed UTI according to available recommendations for most of the items. However, in almost 80% (n = 94) of units, a sterile perineal bag is used to collect urine for culture. When urine is collected by cathether, heterogeneity exists on the threshold of bacterial load considered for UTI diagnosis. Conclusions: Available recommendations on UTIs in children are followed by Italian emergency units for most of the items. However, the methods to collect urine specimens for culture, one of the crucial steps of the diagnostic work-up, often do not align with current recommendations and CFU thresholds considered for diagnosis largely vary among centers. Efforts should be addressed to validate and implement new child and family friendly urine collection techniques. What is Known:• Several guidelines are published on the management of children with suspected or confirmed urinary tract infection.• No data are available on the management of pediatric urinary tract infections in the emergency setting. What is New:• Almost 80% of the Italian emergency units employ a sterile perineal bag to collect urine for culture.• Diagnostic CFU thresholds largely vary among centers.
Published: 2022

10. Additional file 1 of Off-label use of combined antiretroviral therapy, analysis of data collected by the Italian Register for HIV-1 infection in paediatrics in a large cohort of children

Author: Chiappini, Elena, Lisi, Catiuscia, Giacomet, Vania, Erba, Paola, Bernardi, Stefania, Zangari, Paola, Di Biagio, Antonio, Taramasso, Lucia, Giaquinto, Carlo, Rampon, Osvalda, Gabiano, Clara, Garazzino, Silvia, Tagliabue, Claudia, Esposito, Susanna, Bruzzese, Eugenia, Badolato, Raffaele, Zanaboni, Domenico, Cellini, Monica, Dedoni, Maurizio, Mazza, Antonio, Pession, Andrea, Giannini, Anna Maria, Salvini, Filippo, Dodi, Icilio, Carloni, Ines, Cazzato, Salvatore, Tovo, Pier Angelo, de Martino, Maurizio, and Galli, Luisa
Subjects: immune system diseases, virus diseases
Abstract: Additional file 1. Table S1. Antiretroviral drugs for children and adolescents according to European Medicines Agency; quaque die (qd), bis in die (bid), quater in die (qid), tablet (cp), prolonged release (RP). Table S2. Characteristics of children receiving lopinavir/ritonavir off-label. Table S3. Characteristics of children receiving emtricitabine/ tenofovir disoproxil off-label (no child received on-label treatment in this group). Table S4. Characteristics of children receiving elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide off-label. Table S5. Characteristics of children receiving abacavir/dolutegravir/lamivudine off-label.
Published: 2022
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11. Is the Interruption of Antiretroviral Treatment during Pregnancy an Additional Major Risk Factor for Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Type 1?

Author: Galli, Luisa, Puliti, Donella, Chiappini, Elena, Gabiano, Clara, Ferraris, Gabriele, Mignone, Federica, Viganò, Alessandra, Giaquinto, Carlo, Genovese, Orazio, Anzidei, Gianfranco, Badolato, Raffaele, Buffolano, Wilma, Maccabruni, Anna, Salvini, Filippo, Cellini, Monica, Ruggeri, Maurizio, Manzionna, Mariano, Bernardi, Stefania, Tovo, Pierangelo, and de Martino, Maurizio
Published: 2009
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12. Factors Associated With Severe Gastrointestinal Diagnoses in Children With SARS-CoV-2 Infection or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome

Author: Lo Vecchio, Andrea, Garazzino, Silvia, Smarrazzo, Andrea, Venturini, Elisabetta, Poeta, Marco, Berlese, Paola, Denina, Marco, Meini, Antonella, Bosis, Samantha, Galli, Luisa, Cazzato, Salvatore, Nicolini, Giangiacomo, Vergine, Gianluca, Giacchero, Roberta, Ballardini, Giuseppina, Dodi, Icilio, Salvini, Filippo Maria, Manzoni, Paolo, Ferrante, Giuliana, Quadri, Vera, Campana, Andrea, Badolato, Raffaele, Villani, Alberto, Guarino, Alfredo, Gattinara, Guido Castelli, Gianluca Tornese, Lo Vecchio, Andrea, Garazzino, Silvia, Smarrazzo, Andrea, Venturini, Elisabetta, Poeta, Marco, Berlese, Paola, Denina, Marco, Meini, Antonella, Bosis, Samantha, Galli, Luisa, Cazzato, Salvatore, Nicolini, Giangiacomo, Vergine, Gianluca, Giacchero, Roberta, Ballardini, Giuseppina, Dodi, Icilio, Salvini, Filippo Maria, Manzoni, Paolo, Ferrante, Giuliana, Quadri, Vera, Campana, Andrea, Badolato, Raffaele, Villani, Alberto, Guarino, Alfredo, Gattinara, Guido Castelli, Tornese, Gianluca, Lo Vecchio, A., Garazzino, S., Smarrazzo, A., Venturini, E., Poeta, M., Berlese, P., Denina, M., Meini, A., Bosis, S., Galli, L., Cazzato, S., Nicolini, G., Vergine, G., Giacchero, R., Ballardini, G., Dodi, I., Salvini, F. M., Manzoni, P., Ferrante, G., Quadri, V., Campana, A., Badolato, R., Villani, A., Guarino, A., Gattinara, G. C., and Andrea Lo Vecchio, Silvia Garazzino, Andrea Smarrazzo, Elisabetta Venturini, Marco Poeta, Paola Berlese, Marco Denina, Antonella Meini, Samantha Bosis, Luisa Galli, Salvatore Cazzato, Giangiacomo Nicolini, Gianluca Vergine, Roberta Giacchero, Giuseppina Ballardini, Icilio Dodi, Filippo Maria Salvini, Paolo Manzoni, Giuliana Ferrante, Vera Quadri, Andrea Campana, Raffaele Badolato, Alberto Villani, Alfredo Guarino, Guido Castelli Gattinara
Subjects: Male, Gastrointestinal, Prognosi, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Gastrointestinal Disease, Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome, COVID-19, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Prognosis, Radiography, Retrospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, macromolecular substances, SarsCoV2, Pediatrics, Retrospective Studie, Preschool, Children, Original Investigation, Research, Gastrointestinal, Children, SARS-CoV-2, Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome, General Medicine, Settore MED/38, gastrointestinal, Online Only, Human
Abstract: Key Points Question Is COVID-19 associated with severe gastrointestinal manifestations in children? Findings In this multicenter cohort study of 685 Italian children with COVID-19, 10% showed severe gastrointestinal involvement characterized by diffuse adeno-mesenteritis, appendicitis, abdominal fluid collection, ileal intussusception, or pancreatitis. Children older than 5 years and those presenting with abdominal pain, leukopenia, or receiving a diagnosis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome were more likely to have severe gastrointestinal manifestations. Meaning Severe gastrointestinal involvement is not uncommon in children with COVID-19, and awareness about its frequency and presentation may help practitioners to appropriately manage children at risk of severe outcomes., Importance Severe gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations have been sporadically reported in children with COVID-19; however, their frequency and clinical outcome are unknown. Objective To describe the clinical, radiological, and histopathologic characteristics of children with COVID-19 presenting with severe GI manifestations to identify factors associated with a severe outcome. Design, Setting, and Participants A multicenter retrospective cohort study (February 25, 2020, to January 20, 2021) enrolled inpatient and outpatient children (aged 10 years: OR, 6.37; 95% CI, 2.12-19.1, compared with preschool-age), abdominal pain (adjusted OR [aOR], 34.5; 95% CI, 10.1-118), lymphopenia (aOR, 8.93; 95% CI, 3.03-26.3), or MIS-C (aOR, 6.28; 95% CI, 1.92-20.5). Diarrhea was associated with a higher chance of adenomesenteritis (aOR, 3.13; 95% CI, 1.08-9.12) or abdominal fluid collection (aOR, 3.22; 95% CI, 1.03-10.0). Conclusions and Relevance In this multicenter cohort study of Italian children with SARS-CoV-2 infection or MIS-C, 9.5% of the children had severe GI involvement, frequently associated with MIS-C. These findings suggest that prompt identification may improve the management of serious complications., This cohort study assesses the clinical, radiological, and histopathologic gastrointestinal characteristics of a large cohort of children with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children to identify factors associated with severe gastrointestinal manifestations and describes their clinical course and outcome.
Published: 2021

13. A Specific Prebiotic Mixture Added to Starting Infant Formula Has Long-Lasting Bifidogenic Effects

Author: Salvini, Filippo, Riva, Enrica, Salvatici, Elisabetta, Boehm, Günther, Jelinek, Jürgen, Banderali, Giuseppe, and Giovannini, Marcello
Published: 2011
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14. Probiotics and health: An evidence-based review

Author: Aureli, Paolo, Capurso, Lucio, Castellazzi, Anna Maria, Clerici, Mario, Giovannini, Marcello, Morelli, Lorenzo, Poli, Andrea, Pregliasco, Fabrizio, Salvini, Filippo, and Zuccotti, Gian Vincenzo
Published: 2011
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15. A formula containing galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides prevents intestinal and extra-intestinal infections: An observational study

Author: Bruzzese, Eugenia, Volpicelli, Monica, Squeglia, Veronica, Bruzzese, Dario, Salvini, Filippo, Bisceglia, Massimo, Lionetti, Paolo, Cinquetti, Mario, Iacono, Giuseppe, Amarri, Sergio, and Guarino, Alfredo
Published: 2009
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16. Real-World Analysis of Survival and Clinical Events in a Cohort of Italian Perinatally HIV-1 Infected Children From 2001 to 2018

Author: Chiappini, Elena, primary, Larotonda, Francesca, additional, Lisi, Catiuscia, additional, Giacomet, Vania, additional, Erba, Paola, additional, Bernardi, Stefania, additional, Zangari, Paola, additional, Di Biagio, Antonio, additional, Taramasso, Lucia, additional, Giaquinto, Carlo, additional, Rampon, Osvalda, additional, Gabiano, Clara, additional, Garazzino, Silvia, additional, Tagliabue, Claudia, additional, Esposito, Susanna, additional, Bruzzese, Eugenia, additional, Badolato, Raffaele, additional, Zanaboni, Domenico, additional, Cellini, Monica, additional, Dedoni, Maurizio, additional, Mazza, Antonio, additional, Pession, Andrea, additional, Giannini, Anna Maria, additional, Salvini, Filippo, additional, Dodi, Icilio, additional, Carloni, Ines, additional, Cazzato, Salvatore, additional, Tovo, Pier Angelo, additional, de Martino, Maurizio, additional, and Galli, Luisa, additional
Published: 2021
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17. Diagnosis and management of acute mastoiditis in a cohort of Italian children

Author: Marchisio, Paola, Bianchini, Sonia, Villani, Alberto, Verri, Giulia, Bernardi, Filippo, Porta, Alessandro, Biban, Paolo, Caimmi, Silvia, Iughetti, Lorenzo, Krzysztofiak, Andrzej, Garazzino, Silvia, Romanin, Benedetta, Salvini, Filippo, Lancella, Laura, Landini, Susanna, Galeone, Carlotta, Esposito, Susanna, and Principi, Nicola
Published: 2014
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18. Off-label use of combined antiretroviral therapy, analysis of data collected by The Italian Register for HIV-1 infection in Paediatrics in a large cohort of children.

Author: Chiappini, Elena, primary, Lisi, Catiuscia, additional, Giacomet, Vania, additional, Erba, Paola, additional, Bernardi, Stefania, additional, Zangari, Paola, additional, Biagio, Antonio Di, additional, Taramasso, Lucia, additional, Giaquinto, Carlo, additional, Rampon, Osvalda, additional, Gabiano, Clara, additional, Garazzino, Silvia, additional, Tagliabue, Claudia, additional, Esposito, Susanna, additional, Bruzzese, Eugenia, additional, Badolato, Raffaele, additional, Zanaboni, Domenico, additional, Cellini, Monica, additional, Dedoni, Maurizio, additional, Mazza, Antonio, additional, Pession, Andrea, additional, Giannini, Anna Maria, additional, Salvini, Filippo, additional, Dodi, Icilio, additional, Carloni, Ines, additional, Cazzato, Salvatore, additional, Tovo, Pier Angelo, additional, de Martino, Maurizio, additional, Galli, Luisa, additional, and Italy, Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children, additional
Published: 2021
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19. Severe Gastrointestinal Features in Children with Covid-19: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study

Author: Lo Vecchio, Andrea, primary, Garazzino, Silvia, additional, Smarrazzo, Andrea, additional, Venturini, Elisabetta, additional, Poeta, Marco, additional, Berlese, Paola, additional, Denina, Marco, additional, Meini, Antonella, additional, Bosis, Samantha, additional, Galli, Luisa, additional, Cazzato, Salvatore, additional, Nicolini, Giangiacomo, additional, Vergine, Gianluca, additional, Giacchero, Roberta, additional, Ballardini, Giuseppina, additional, Dodi, Icilio, additional, Salvini, Filippo Maria, additional, Manzoni, Paolo, additional, Ferrante, Giuliana, additional, Quadri, Vera, additional, Campana, Andrea, additional, Badolato, Raffaele, additional, Villani, Alberto, additional, Guarino, Alfredo, additional, Castelli Gattinara, Guido, additional, and Infection Study Group, Italian SITIP-SIP Pediatric SARS-Co, additional
Published: 2021
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20. Antiretroviral use in Italian children with perinatal HIV infection over a 14-year period

Author: Chiappini, Elena, Galli, Luisa, Tovo, Pier-Angelo, Gabiano, Clara, Lisi, Catiuscia, Giacomet, Vania, Bernardi, Stefania, Esposito, Susanna, Rosso, Raffaella, Giaquinto, Carlo, Badolato, Raffaele, Guarino, Alfredo, Maccabruni, Anna, Masi, Massimo, Cellini, Monica, Salvini, Filippo, Di Bari, Cesare, Dedoni, Maurizio, Dodi, Icilio, and de Martino, Maurizio
Published: 2012
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21. Epidemiological and clinical features of respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children during the circulation of influenza virus A(H1N1) 2009

Author: Zuccotti, Gianvincenzo, Dilillo, Dario, Zappa, Alessandra, Galli, Erica, Amendola, Antonella, Martinelli, Marianna, Pariani, Elena, Salvini, Filippo, Tanzi, Elisabetta, Riva, Enrica, and Giovannini, Marcello
Published: 2011
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22. Myocarditis Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a Pediatric Patient

Author: Salvini, Filippo M., primary, Giuli, Valentina, additional, Stacul, Elisabetta F., additional, Moretti, Chiara, additional, Corato, Alessandra, additional, Santacesaria, Sara, additional, Vignati, Gabriele, additional, and Giacomo, Costantino De, additional
Published: 2020
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23. Height and timing of growth spurt during puberty in young people living with vertically acquired HIV in Europe and Thailand

Author: Crichton, Siobhan, Belfrage, Eric, Collins, Intira Jeanne, Doerholt, Katja, Judd, Ali, Le Coeur, Sophie, Spoulou, Vana, Goodall, Ruth, Scherpbier, Henriette, Smit, Colette, Goetghebuer, Tessa, Gibb, Diana M., Noguera, Antoni, Luisa Navarro, Maria, Tomas Ramos, Jose, Galli, Luisa, Giaquinto, Carlo, Thorne, Claire, Santa Ansone, Marczynska, Magdalena, Okhonskaia, Liubov, de Tejada, Begona Martinez, Jourdain, Gonzague, Decker, Luc, Ene, Luminita, Hainaut, Marc, Van der Kelen, Evelyne, Delforge, Marc, de Martino, Maurizio, Tovo, Pier Angelo, Patrizia, Osimani, Larovere, Domenico, Ruggeri, Maurizio, Faldella, Giacomo, Baldi, Francesco, Badolato, Raffaele, Montagnani, Carlotta, Venturini, Elisabetta, Lisi, Catiuscia, Di Biagio, Antonio, Taramasso, Lucia, Giacomet, Vania, Erba, Paola, Esposito, Susanna, Lipreri, Rita, Salvini, Filippo, Tagliabue, Claudia, Cellini, Monica, Bruzzese, Eugenia, Lo Vecchio, Andrea, Rampon, Osvalda, Dona, Daniele, Romano, Amelia, Dodi, Icilio, Maccabruni, Anna, Consolini, Rita, Bernardi, Stefania, Kuekou, Hyppolite Tchidjou, Genovese, Orazio, Olmeo, Paolina, Cristiano, Letizia, Mazza, Antonio, Gabiano, Clara, Garazzino, Silvia, Pellegatta, Antonio, Pajkrt, D., Scherpbier, H. J., Weijsenfeld, A. M., de Boer, C. G., Jurriaans, S., Back, N. K. T., Zaaijer, H. L., Berkhout, B., Cornelissen, M. T. E., Schinkel, C. J., Wolthers, K. C., Fraaij, P. L. A., van Rossum, A. M. C., Vermont, C. L., van der Knaap, L. C., Visser, E. G., Boucher, C. A. B., Koopmans, M. P. G., van Kampen, J. J. A., Pas, S. D., Henriet, S. S., V, van de Flier, M., van Aerde, K., Strik-Albers, R., Rahamat-Langendoen, J., Stelma, F. F., Scholvinck, E. H., de Groot-de Jonge, H., Niesters, H. G. M., van Leer-Buter, C. C., Knoester, M., Bont, L. J., Geelen, S. P. M., Wolfs, T. F. W., Nauta, N., Schuurman, R., Verduyn-Lunel, F., Wensing, A. M. J., Reiss, P., Zaheri, S., Bezemer, D. O., van Sighem, A., I, Smit, C., Wit, F. W. M. N., Hillebregt, M., de Jong, A., Woudstra, T., Bergsma, D., Grivell, S., Meijering, R., Raethke, M., Rutkens, T., de Groot, L., van den Akker, M., Bakker, Y., Bezemer, M., El Berkaoui, A., Geerlinks, J., Koops, J., Kruijne, E., Lodewijk, C., Lucas, E., van der Meer, R., Munjishvili, L., Paling, E., Peeck, B., Ree, C., Regtop, R., Ruijs, Y., van de Sande, L., Schoorl, M., Schnorr, P., Tuijn, E., Veenenberg, L., van der Vliet, S., Wisse, A., Witte, E. C., Tuk, B., Popielska, Jolanta, Pokorska-Spiewak, Maria, Oldakowska, Agnieszka, Zawadka, Konrad, Coupland, Urszula, Doroba, Malgorzata, Voronin, Evgeny, Miloenko, Milana, Labutina, Svetlana, Soler-Palacin, Pere, Antoinette Frick, Maria, Perez-Hoyos, Santiago, Mur, Antonio, Lopez, Nuria, Mendez, Maria, Mayol, Lluis, Vallmanya, Teresa, Calavia, Olga, Garcia, Lourdes, Coll, Maite, Pineda, Valenti, Rius, Neus, Rovira, Nuria, Duenas, Joaquin, Gamell, Anna, Fortuny, Claudia, Noguera-Julian, Antoni, Jose Mellado, Maria, Escosa, Luis, Garcia Hortelano, Milagros, Sainz, Talia, Isabel Gonzalez-Tome, Maria, Rojo, Pablo, Blazquez, Daniel, Prieto, Luis, Guillen, Sara, Saavedra, Jesus, Santos, Mar, Angeles Munoz, Ma, Ruiz, Beatriz, Fernandez Mc Phee, Carolina, Jimenez de Ory, Santiago, Alvarez, Susana, Angel Roa, Miguel, Beceiro, Jose, Martinez, Jorge, Badillo, Katie, Apilanez, Miren, Pocheville, Itziar, Garrote, Elisa, Colino, Elena, Gomez Sirvent, Jorge, Garzon, Monica, Roman, Vicente, Montesdeoca, Abian, Mateo, Mercedes, Jose Munoz, Maria, Angulo, Raquel, Neth, Olaf, Falcon, Lola, Terol, Pedro, Luis Santos, Juan, Moreno, David, Lendinez, Francisco, Grande, Ana, Jose Romero, Francisco, Perez, Carlos, Lillo, Miguel, Losada, Begona, Herranz, Mercedes, Bustillo, Matilde, Guerrero, Carmelo, Collado, Pilar, Antonio Couceiro, Jose, Perez, Amparo, Isabel Piqueras, Ana, Breton, Rafael, Segarra, Inmaculada, Gavilan, Cesar, Jareno, Enrique, Montesinos, Elena, Dapena, Marta, Alvarez, Cristina, Gloria Andres, Ana, Marugan, Victor, Ochoa, Carlos, Alfayate, Santiago, Isabel Menasalvas, Ana, de Miguel, Elisa, Naver, Lars, Soeria-Atmadja, Sandra, Hagas, Vendela, Aebi-Popp, K., Anagnostopoulos, A., Asner, S., Battegay, M., Baumann, M., Bernasconi, E., Boni, J., Braun, D. L., Bucher, H. C., Calmy, A., Cavassini, M., Ciuffi, A., Duppenthaler, A., Dollenmaier, G., Egger, M., Elzi, L., Fehr, J., Fellay, J., Francini, K., Furrer, H., Fux, C. A., Grawe, C., Gunthard, H. F., Haerry, D., Hasse, B., Hirsch, H. H., Hoffmann, M., Hosli, I, Huber, M., Kahlert, C. R., Kaiser, L., Keiser, O., Klimkait, T., Kottanattu, L., Kouyos, R. D., Kovari, H., Ledergerber, B., Martinetti, G., de Tejada, Martinez B., Marzolini, C., Metzner, K. J., Mueller, N., Nicca, D., Paioni, P., Pantaleo, G., Perreau, M., Polli, Ch, Rauch, A., Rudin, C., Scherrer, A. U., Schmid, P., Speck, R., Stockle, M., Tarr, P., Lecompte, Thanh M., Trkola, A., Vernazza, P., Wagner, N., Wandeler, G., Weber, R., Wyler, C. A., Yerly, S., Wannarit, Pornpun, Techakunakorn, Pornchai, Hansudewechakul, Rawiwan, Wanchaitanawong, Vanichaya, Theansavettrakul, Sookchai, Nanta, Sirisak, Ngampiyaskul, Chaiwat, Phanomcheong, Siriluk, Hongsiriwon, Suchat, Karnchanamayul, Warit, Kwanchaipanich, Ratchanee, Kanjanavanit, Suparat, Kamonpakorn, Nareerat, Nantarukchaikul, Maneeratn, Layangool, Prapaisri, Mekmullica, Jutarat, Lucksanapisitkul, Paiboon, Watanayothin, Sudarat, Lertpienthum, Narong, Warachit, Boonyarat, Hanpinitsak, Sansanee, Potchalongsin, Sathit, Thanasiri, Pimpraphai, Krikajornkitti, Sawitree, Attavinijtrakarn, Pornsawan, Srirojana, Sakulrat, Bunjongpak, Suthunya, Puangsombat, Achara, Na-Rajsima, Sathaporn, Ananpatharachai, Pornchai, Akarathum, Noppadon, Lawtongkum, Weerasak, An, Prapawan Kheunj, Suriyaboon, Thitiporn, Saipanya, Airada, Than-in-at, Kanchana, Jaisieng, Nirattiya, Suaysod, Rapeepan, Chailoet, Sanuphong, Naratee, Naritsara, Kawilapat, Suttipong, Lyall, Hermione, Bamford, Alasdair, Butler, Karim, Doherty, Conor, Foster, Caroline, Francis, Kate, Harrison, Ian, Kenny, Julia, Klein, Nigel, Letting, Gillian, McMaster, Paddy, Murau, Fungai, Nsangi, Edith, Peters, Helen, Prime, Katia, Riordan, Andrew, Shackley, Fiona, Shingadia, Delane, Storey, Sharon, Tudor-Williams, Gareth, Turkova, Anna, Welch, Steve, Collins, Intira Jeannie, Cook, Claire, Dobson, Donna, Fairbrother, Keith, Harper, Lynda, Le Prevost, Marthe, Van Looy, Nadine, Butler, K., Walsh, A., Thrasyvoulou, L., Welch, S., Bernatoniene, J., Manyika, F., Sharpe, G., Subramaniam, B., Sloper, K., Fidler, K., Hague, R., Price, V, Clapson, M., Flynn, J., Abou-Rayyah, A. Cardoso M., Klein, N., Shingadia, D., Gurtin, D., Yeadon, S., Segal, S., Ball, C., Hawkins, S., Dowie, M., Bandi, S., Percival, E., Eisenhut, M., Duncan, K., Clough, S., Anguvaa, L., Conway, S., Flood, T., Pickering, A., Murphy, P. McMaster C., Daniels, J., Lees, Y., Thompson, F., Williams, B., Pope, S., Cliffe, L., Smyth, A., Southall, S., Freeman, A., Freeman, H., Christie, S., Gordon, A., Clarke, D. Rogahn L., Jones, L., Offerman, B., Greenberg, M., Benson, C., Riordan, A., Ibberson, L., Shackley, F., Faust, S. N., Hancock, J., Doerholt, K., Prime, K., Sharland, M., Storey, S., Lyall, H., Monrose, C., Seery, P., Tudor-Williams, G., Menson, E., Callaghan, A., Bridgwood, A., McMaster, P., Evans, J., Blake, E., Yannoulias, A., European Pregnancy Paediat HIV Coh, Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Fundación Investigación y Educación en Sida, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Fundación Mutua Madrileña, Épidémiologie clinique, santé mère-enfant et VIH en Asie du Sud-Est (IRD_PHPT), Harvard University [Cambridge]-Chiang Mai University (CMU), Pediatrics, and Virology
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Pediatrics, puberty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], humanos, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), adolescente, LETTONIE, CHILDREN, HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, GRECE, desarrollo del niño, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Child Development, CHILD_DEVELOPMENT, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, ADOLESCENTS, Immunology and Allergy, Pooled data, 030212 general & internal medicine, SUEDE, Child, estudios de cohortes, ESPAGNE, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Anthropometry, THAILANDE, Europe, growth, height, HIV, perinatal, Thailand, Adolescent, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Puberty, virus diseases, Growth spurt, PAYS BAS, 3. Good health, 17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, AIDS, antirretrovirales, Infectious Diseases, POLOGNE, BELGIQUE, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatric hiv, Epidemiology and Social, ROYAUME UNI, Immunology, MASS, European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) study group, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Virology, medicine, pubertad, Preschool, lactante, ROUMANIE, Science & Technology, business.industry, 06 Biological Sciences, VELOCITY, SUISSE, Regimen, 030104 developmental biology, VIRAL LOAD, antropometría, infecciones por VIH, BODY_HEIGHT, business, IRLANDE, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: The European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) study group., [Objective]: The aim of this study was to describe growth during puberty in young people with vertically acquired HIV. [Design]: Pooled data from 12 paediatric HIV cohorts in Europe and Thailand. [Methods]: One thousand and ninety-four children initiating a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor or boosted protease inhibitor based regimen aged 1–10 years were included. Super Imposition by Translation And Rotation (SITAR) models described growth from age 8 years using three parameters (average height, timing and shape of the growth spurt), dependent on age and height-for-age z-score (HAZ) (WHO references) at antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Multivariate regression explored characteristics associated with these three parameters. [Results]: At ART initiation, median age and HAZ was 6.4 [interquartile range (IQR): 2.8, 9.0] years and −1.2 (IQR: −2.3 to −0.2), respectively. Median follow-up was 9.1 (IQR: 6.9, 11.4) years. In girls, older age and lower HAZ at ART initiation were independently associated with a growth spurt which occurred 0.41 (95% confidence interval 0.20–0.62) years later in children starting ART age 6 to 10 years compared with 1 to 2 years and 1.50 (1.21–1.78) years later in those starting with HAZ less than −3 compared with HAZ at least −1. Later growth spurts in girls resulted in continued height growth into later adolescence. In boys starting ART with HAZ less than −1, growth spurts were later in children starting ART in the oldest age group, but for HAZ at least −1, there was no association with age. Girls and boys who initiated ART with HAZ at least −1 maintained a similar height to the WHO reference mean. [Conclusion]: Stunting at ART initiation was associated with later growth spurts in girls. Children with HAZ at least −1 at ART initiation grew in height at the level expected in HIV negative children of a comparable age., This work has been partially funded by the Fundación para la Investigación y Prevención de SIDA en España (FIPSE) (FIPSE 3608229/09, FIPSE 240800/09, FIPSE 361910/10), Red Temática de Investigación en SIDA (RED RIS) supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (RD12/0017/0035 and RD12/0017/0037), project as part of the Plan R+D+I and cofinanced by ISCIII- Subdirección General de Evaluación and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER),Mutua Madrileña 2012/0077, Gilead Fellowship 2013/0071, FIS PI15/00694,CoRISpe (RED RIS RD06/0006/0035 y RD06/0006/0021).
Published: 2019
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24. Chronic ulcerative herpes simplex virus infection in HIV-infected children

Author: Salvini, Filippo, Carminati, Guido, Pinzani, Raffaella, Carrera, Carlo, Rancilio, Laura, and Plebani, Anna
Subjects: Herpes simplex virus -- Development and progression, HIV infection in children -- Complications, Health
Published: 1997

25. Height and timing of growth spurt during puberty in young people living with vertically acquired HIV in Europe and Thailand

Author: Fundación Investigación y Educación en Sida, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Fundación Mutua Madrileña, Crichton, Siobhan, Belfrage, Eric, Collins, Intira Jeanne, Doerholt, Katja, Judd, Ali, Le Coeur, Sophie, Spoulou, Vana, Goodall, Ruth, Scherpbier, Henriette, Smit, Colette, Goetghebuer, Tessa, Muñoz, Maria José, Grande, Ana, Romero, Francisco Jose, Wensing, A. M. J., Scholvinck, E. H., Mazza, Antonio, Pérez, Carlos, Jiménez de Ory, Santiago, Henriet, S. S., V, Couceiro, José, Bakker, Y., Zaaijer, H. L., de Tejada, Begona Martinez, Wolfs, T. F. W., Lillo, Miguel, Marczynska, Magdalena, Bezemer, M., Santos, Mar, de Jong, A., Losada, Begoña, Cornelissen, M. T. E., van der Meer, R., Niesters, H. G. M., El Berkaoui, A., Gavilán, César, Gloria Andres, Ana, Rius, Neus, Zaheri, S., Marugan, Victor, Neth, Olaf, Piqueras, Ana I., Ochoa, Carlos, Munjishvili, L., Schnorr, P., Breton, Rafael, Strik-Albers, R., Martínez, Jorge, Grivell, S., Delforge, Marc, Wit, F. W. M. N., Bezemer, D. O., Tuijn, E., de Martino, Maurizio, Paling, E., de Groot-de Jonge, H., Koops, J., Lipreri, Rita, Muñoz-Fernández, María Ángeles, Noguera-Julián, Antoni, Tovo, Pier Angelo, van de Sande, L., Patrizia, Osimani, Saavedra-Lozano, Jesús, Di Biagio, Antonio, Montesinos, Elena, Soler-Palacín, Pere, Berkhout, B., Meijering, R., van der Vliet, S., van Aerde, K., Antoinette Frick, Maria, Salvini, Filippo, Verduyn-Lunel, F., Tagliabue, Claudia, Geerlinks, J., Garrote, Elisa, Rovira, Nuria, Tuk, B., Bergsma, D., Pineda, Valentí, Coupland, Urszula, Tomás Ramos, José, Cellini, Monica, Dueñas, Joaquin, Pellegatta, Antonio, Bustillo Alonso, Matilde, Navarro, Maria Luisa, Pajkrt, D., Badolato, Raffaele, Terol, Pedro, Scherpbier, H. J., Garcia Hortelano, Milagros, Beceiro, Jose, Bernardi, Stefania, Weijsenfeld, A. M., Pocheville, Itziar, López, Núria, Doroba, Malgorzata, Schinkel, C. J., Ruiz, Beatriz, Wolthers, K. C., Fraaij, P. L. A., Fernandez Mc Phee, Carolina, Sainz, Talia, Zawadka, Konrad, van Rossum, A. M. C., Romano, Amelia, Fortuny, Claudia, Peeck, B., Mur, Antonio, Gibb, Diana M., Santa Ansone, Vermont, C. L., Alfayate, Santiago, Apilanez, Miren, Kruijne, E., Okhonskaia, Liubov, van der Knaap, L. C., Méndez, María José, Rojo, Pablo, van Leer-Buter, C. C., Rahamat-Langendoen, J., Angulo, Raquel, Ruggeri, Maurizio, Álvarez, Susana, Knoester, M., Back, N. K. T., Lisi, Catiuscia, Bont, L. J., Guerrero, Carmelo, Larovere, Domenico, Mellado, Maria Jose, Herranz, Mercedes, Colino, Elena, Raethke, M., Badillo, Katie, Roa, Miguel Angel, Collado, Pilar, Rutkens, T., Gonzalez-Tome, Maria I., Lo Vecchio, Andrea, Pas, S. D., Falcón Neyra, Lola, Venturini, Elisabetta, de Groot, L., Jareno, Enrique, van den Akker, M., Olmeo, Paolina, Lucas, E., Decker, Luc, Segarra, Inmaculada, Gomez Sirvent, Jorge, Perez, Amparo, Thorne, Claire, Menasalvas, Ana Isabel, Ree, C., Hillebregt, M., Regtop, R., Nauta, N., Faldella, Giacomo, Jourdain, Gonzague, Moreno-Pérez, David, Taramasso, Lucia, Álvarez, Cristina, Reiss, Peter, Ruijs, Y., Baldi, Francesco, Voronin, Evgeny, Boucher, C. A. B., Galli, Luisa, Miguel, E. de, Wisse, A., Miloenko, Milana, Giacomet, Vania, Labutina, Svetlana, Witte, E. C., Consolini, Rita, Smit, C., Hainaut, Marc, Mayol, Lluis, Rampon, Osvalda, Vallmanya, Teresa, Giaquinto, Carlo, Dona, Daniele, Erba, Paola, Dapena, Marta, Calavia, Olga, Veenenberg, L., Montagnani, Carlotta, van de Flier, M., Schuurman, R., Bruzzese, Eugenia, García, Lourdes, Geelen, S. P. M., Coll, María T., Oldakowska, Agnieszka, de Boer, C. G., Genovese, Orazio, Van der Kelen, Evelyne, Blázquez-Gamero, Daniel, Escosa-García, Luis, Jurriaans, S., Dodi, Icilio, Santos, Juan Luis, Prieto, Luís, Perez-Hoyos, Santiago, Lodewijk, C., Guillén, Sara, Koopmans, M. P. G., Ene, Luminita, Visser, E. G., Gabiano, Clara, Garzon, Monica, Kuekou, Hyppolite Tchidjou, Maccabruni, Anna, van Kampen, J. J. A., Roman, Vicente, Esposito, Susanna, Schoorl, M., Gamell, Anna, Cristiano, Letizia, Montesdeoca, Abián, Stelma, F. F., Mateo, Mercedes, Pokorska-Spiewak, Maria, van Sighem, A., I, Woudstra, T., Popielska, Jolanta, Garazzino, Silvia, Lendinez, Francisco, Fundación Investigación y Educación en Sida, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Fundación Mutua Madrileña, Crichton, Siobhan, Belfrage, Eric, Collins, Intira Jeanne, Doerholt, Katja, Judd, Ali, Le Coeur, Sophie, Spoulou, Vana, Goodall, Ruth, Scherpbier, Henriette, Smit, Colette, Goetghebuer, Tessa, Muñoz, Maria José, Grande, Ana, Romero, Francisco Jose, Wensing, A. M. J., Scholvinck, E. H., Mazza, Antonio, Pérez, Carlos, Jiménez de Ory, Santiago, Henriet, S. S., V, Couceiro, José, Bakker, Y., Zaaijer, H. L., de Tejada, Begona Martinez, Wolfs, T. F. W., Lillo, Miguel, Marczynska, Magdalena, Bezemer, M., Santos, Mar, de Jong, A., Losada, Begoña, Cornelissen, M. T. E., van der Meer, R., Niesters, H. G. M., El Berkaoui, A., Gavilán, César, Gloria Andres, Ana, Rius, Neus, Zaheri, S., Marugan, Victor, Neth, Olaf, Piqueras, Ana I., Ochoa, Carlos, Munjishvili, L., Schnorr, P., Breton, Rafael, Strik-Albers, R., Martínez, Jorge, Grivell, S., Delforge, Marc, Wit, F. W. M. N., Bezemer, D. O., Tuijn, E., de Martino, Maurizio, Paling, E., de Groot-de Jonge, H., Koops, J., Lipreri, Rita, Muñoz-Fernández, María Ángeles, Noguera-Julián, Antoni, Tovo, Pier Angelo, van de Sande, L., Patrizia, Osimani, Saavedra-Lozano, Jesús, Di Biagio, Antonio, Montesinos, Elena, Soler-Palacín, Pere, Berkhout, B., Meijering, R., van der Vliet, S., van Aerde, K., Antoinette Frick, Maria, Salvini, Filippo, Verduyn-Lunel, F., Tagliabue, Claudia, Geerlinks, J., Garrote, Elisa, Rovira, Nuria, Tuk, B., Bergsma, D., Pineda, Valentí, Coupland, Urszula, Tomás Ramos, José, Cellini, Monica, Dueñas, Joaquin, Pellegatta, Antonio, Bustillo Alonso, Matilde, Navarro, Maria Luisa, Pajkrt, D., Badolato, Raffaele, Terol, Pedro, Scherpbier, H. J., Garcia Hortelano, Milagros, Beceiro, Jose, Bernardi, Stefania, Weijsenfeld, A. M., Pocheville, Itziar, López, Núria, Doroba, Malgorzata, Schinkel, C. J., Ruiz, Beatriz, Wolthers, K. C., Fraaij, P. L. A., Fernandez Mc Phee, Carolina, Sainz, Talia, Zawadka, Konrad, van Rossum, A. M. C., Romano, Amelia, Fortuny, Claudia, Peeck, B., Mur, Antonio, Gibb, Diana M., Santa Ansone, Vermont, C. L., Alfayate, Santiago, Apilanez, Miren, Kruijne, E., Okhonskaia, Liubov, van der Knaap, L. C., Méndez, María José, Rojo, Pablo, van Leer-Buter, C. C., Rahamat-Langendoen, J., Angulo, Raquel, Ruggeri, Maurizio, Álvarez, Susana, Knoester, M., Back, N. K. T., Lisi, Catiuscia, Bont, L. J., Guerrero, Carmelo, Larovere, Domenico, Mellado, Maria Jose, Herranz, Mercedes, Colino, Elena, Raethke, M., Badillo, Katie, Roa, Miguel Angel, Collado, Pilar, Rutkens, T., Gonzalez-Tome, Maria I., Lo Vecchio, Andrea, Pas, S. D., Falcón Neyra, Lola, Venturini, Elisabetta, de Groot, L., Jareno, Enrique, van den Akker, M., Olmeo, Paolina, Lucas, E., Decker, Luc, Segarra, Inmaculada, Gomez Sirvent, Jorge, Perez, Amparo, Thorne, Claire, Menasalvas, Ana Isabel, Ree, C., Hillebregt, M., Regtop, R., Nauta, N., Faldella, Giacomo, Jourdain, Gonzague, Moreno-Pérez, David, Taramasso, Lucia, Álvarez, Cristina, Reiss, Peter, Ruijs, Y., Baldi, Francesco, Voronin, Evgeny, Boucher, C. A. B., Galli, Luisa, Miguel, E. de, Wisse, A., Miloenko, Milana, Giacomet, Vania, Labutina, Svetlana, Witte, E. C., Consolini, Rita, Smit, C., Hainaut, Marc, Mayol, Lluis, Rampon, Osvalda, Vallmanya, Teresa, Giaquinto, Carlo, Dona, Daniele, Erba, Paola, Dapena, Marta, Calavia, Olga, Veenenberg, L., Montagnani, Carlotta, van de Flier, M., Schuurman, R., Bruzzese, Eugenia, García, Lourdes, Geelen, S. P. M., Coll, María T., Oldakowska, Agnieszka, de Boer, C. G., Genovese, Orazio, Van der Kelen, Evelyne, Blázquez-Gamero, Daniel, Escosa-García, Luis, Jurriaans, S., Dodi, Icilio, Santos, Juan Luis, Prieto, Luís, Perez-Hoyos, Santiago, Lodewijk, C., Guillén, Sara, Koopmans, M. P. G., Ene, Luminita, Visser, E. G., Gabiano, Clara, Garzon, Monica, Kuekou, Hyppolite Tchidjou, Maccabruni, Anna, van Kampen, J. J. A., Roman, Vicente, Esposito, Susanna, Schoorl, M., Gamell, Anna, Cristiano, Letizia, Montesdeoca, Abián, Stelma, F. F., Mateo, Mercedes, Pokorska-Spiewak, Maria, van Sighem, A., I, Woudstra, T., Popielska, Jolanta, Garazzino, Silvia, and Lendinez, Francisco
Abstract: [Objective]: The aim of this study was to describe growth during puberty in young people with vertically acquired HIV. [Design]: Pooled data from 12 paediatric HIV cohorts in Europe and Thailand. [Methods]: One thousand and ninety-four children initiating a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor or boosted protease inhibitor based regimen aged 1–10 years were included. Super Imposition by Translation And Rotation (SITAR) models described growth from age 8 years using three parameters (average height, timing and shape of the growth spurt), dependent on age and height-for-age z-score (HAZ) (WHO references) at antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Multivariate regression explored characteristics associated with these three parameters. [Results]: At ART initiation, median age and HAZ was 6.4 [interquartile range (IQR): 2.8, 9.0] years and −1.2 (IQR: −2.3 to −0.2), respectively. Median follow-up was 9.1 (IQR: 6.9, 11.4) years. In girls, older age and lower HAZ at ART initiation were independently associated with a growth spurt which occurred 0.41 (95% confidence interval 0.20–0.62) years later in children starting ART age 6 to 10 years compared with 1 to 2 years and 1.50 (1.21–1.78) years later in those starting with HAZ less than −3 compared with HAZ at least −1. Later growth spurts in girls resulted in continued height growth into later adolescence. In boys starting ART with HAZ less than −1, growth spurts were later in children starting ART in the oldest age group, but for HAZ at least −1, there was no association with age. Girls and boys who initiated ART with HAZ at least −1 maintained a similar height to the WHO reference mean. [Conclusion]: Stunting at ART initiation was associated with later growth spurts in girls. Children with HAZ at least −1 at ART initiation grew in height at the level expected in HIV negative children of a comparable age.
Published: 2019

26. The status of invasive pneumococcal disease among children younger than 5 years of age in north-west Lombardy, Italy

Author: Riva Enrica, Salvini Filippo, Garlaschi Maria, Radaelli Giovanni, and Giovannini Marcello
Subjects: Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Abstract Background Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of invasive infection in young children causing morbidity and mortality. Active surveillance systems of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) are recommended worldwide. The aim of this study was to estimate the current incidence of IPD and to describe the serotype distribution and the antimocrobial susceptibility of S. pneumoniae isolates in children aged less than 5 years residing in North-West Lombardy, Italy. Methods A twelve-month prospective active surveillance system recruited all children aged less than 5 years admitted for suspicion of IPD at emergency room of ten hospitals located in the monitored area. Blood samples were taken in all participants for confirmation of IPD based on isolation of S. pneumoniae from blood. Pneumococcal meningitis and sepsis were additionally confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed on isolates from blood. Results A total of 15 confirmed cases of IPD were detected among 135 recruited children, including pneumonia (n = 8), bacteremia (n = 4), sepsis (n = 2) and meningitis (n = 1). The annual IPD incidence rate was 50.0/100,000 (95%CI, 30.5-82.5/100,000). Incidence was 58.3/100,000 (28.8-120.1/100,000) among children aged less than 2 years and 44.4/100,000 (22.9-87.5/100,000) among children aged 2–4 years. Thirteen isolates were typified. The most common serotype was 19A (23.1%) that together with serotypes 1, 7F and 19F accounted for 69.2% of typified isolates. Serotypes 14, 23F, 12B and 15C were also identified. The 7- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines covered respectively 30.8% and 84.6% of typified IPD cases. One isolate (serotype 15C) was penicillin-resistant and caused meningitis. Conclusions The inclusion of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in immunization programs of young children might be considered to reduce incidence and morbidity of invasive pneumococcal disease in this surveilled population.
Published: 2012
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27. p85α is an intrinsic regulator of human natural killer cell effector functions

Author: Lougaris, Vassilios, Patrizi, Ornella, Baronio, Manuela, Tabellini, Giovanna, Tampella, Giacomo, Lanzi, Gaetana, Salvini, Filippo, Trizzino, Antonino, Parolini, Silvia, and Plebani, Alessandro
Published: 2016
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28. Risk factors associated with complications/sequelae of acute and subacute haematogenous osteomyelitis: an Italian multicenter study

Author: Chiappini, Elena, primary, Krzysztofiak, Andrzej, additional, Bozzola, Elena, additional, Gabiano, Clara, additional, Esposito, Susanna, additional, Lo Vecchio, Andrea, additional, Govoni, Maria Rita, additional, Vallongo, Cristina, additional, Dodi, Icilio, additional, Castagnola, Elio, additional, Rossi, Nadia, additional, Valentini, Piero, additional, Cardinale, Fabio, additional, Salvini, Filippo, additional, Bona, Gianni, additional, Bossi, Grazia, additional, Olivieri, Alma Nunzia, additional, Russo, Fiorella, additional, Fossali, Emilio, additional, Bottone, Gabriella, additional, Dellepiane, Marta, additional, De Martino, Maurizio, additional, Villani, Alberto, additional, and Galli, Luisa, additional
Published: 2018
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29. Altered germinal center reaction and abnormal B cell peripheral maturation in PI3KR1-mutated patients presenting with HIGM-like phenotype

Author: Lougaris, Vassilios, Faletra, Flavio, Lanzi, Gaetana, Vozzi, Diego, Marcuzzi, Annalisa, Valencic, Erica, Piscianz, Elisa, Bianco, AnnaMonica, Girardelli, Martina, Baronio, Manuela, Loganes, Claudia, Fasth, Anders, Salvini, Filippo, Trizzino, Antonino, Moratto, Daniele, Facchetti, Fabio, Giliani, Silvia, Plebani, Alessandro, and Tommasini, Alberto
Published: 2015
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30. Preliminary data on immunogenicity, safety and tolerability of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in children with inborn errors of metabolism at risk of decompensation

Author: Esposito, Susanna, Salvini, Filippo, Menni, Francesca, Scala, Alessia, Salvatici, Elisabetta, Manzoni, Francesca, Riva, Enrica, Giovannini, Marcello, and Principi, Nicola
Published: 2013
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31. Pediatric Tuberculosis in Italian Children: Epidemiological and Clinical Data from the Italian Register of Pediatric Tuberculosis

Author: Galli, Luisa, primary, Lancella, Laura, additional, Tersigni, Chiara, additional, Venturini, Elisabetta, additional, Chiappini, Elena, additional, Bergamini, Barbara, additional, Codifava, Margherita, additional, Venturelli, Cristina, additional, Tosetti, Giulia, additional, Marabotto, Caterina, additional, Cursi, Laura, additional, Boccuzzi, Elena, additional, Garazzino, Silvia, additional, Tovo, Pier, additional, Pinon, Michele, additional, Le Serre, Daniele, additional, Castiglioni, Laura, additional, Lo Vecchio, Andrea, additional, Guarino, Alfredo, additional, Bruzzese, Eugenia, additional, Losurdo, Giuseppe, additional, Castagnola, Elio, additional, Bossi, Grazia, additional, Marseglia, Gian, additional, Esposito, Susanna, additional, Bosis, Samantha, additional, Grandolfo, Rita, additional, Fiorito, Valentina, additional, Valentini, Piero, additional, Buonsenso, Danilo, additional, Domenici, Raffaele, additional, Montesanti, Marco, additional, Salvini, Filippo, additional, Riva, Enrica, additional, Dodi, Icilio, additional, Maschio, Francesca, additional, Abbagnato, Luisa, additional, Fiumana, Elisa, additional, Fornabaio, Chiara, additional, Ballista, Patrizia, additional, Portelli, Vincenzo, additional, Bottone, Gabriella, additional, Palladino, Nicola, additional, Valenzise, Mariella, additional, Vecchi, Barbara, additional, Di Gangi, Maria, additional, Lupi, Carla, additional, Villani, Alberto, additional, and de Martino, Maurizio, additional
Published: 2016
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32. Infective Endocarditis in Children in Italy from 2000 to 2015.

Author: Esposito, Susanna, Mayer, Alessandra, Krzysztofiak, Andrzej, Garazzino, Silvia, Lipreri, Rita, Galli, Luisa, Osimani, Patrizia, Fossali, Emilio, Di Gangi, Maria, Lancella, Laura, Denina, Marco, Pattarino, Giulia, Montagnani, Carlotta, Salvini, Filippo, Villani, Alberto, Principi, Nicola, for the Italian Pediatric Infective Endocarditis Registry, and Italian Pediatric Infective Endocarditis Registry
Subjects: HEART disease complications, ENDOCARDITIS, DRUG resistance in microorganisms, STAPHYLOCOCCAL diseases, STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus, STREPTOCOCCAL diseases, ACQUISITION of data, CROSS-sectional method, VIRIDANS strepotococci, METHICILLIN-resistant staphylococcus aureus, DISEASE complications
Abstract: Objective: The Italian Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases created a registry on children with infective endocarditis (IE) hospitalized in Italy.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on patients hospitalized due to IE in Italian paediatric wards between January 1, 2000, and June 30, 2015.Results: Over the 15-year study period, 47 IE episodes were observed (19 males; age range, 2-17 years). Viridans Streptococci were the most common pathogens among patients with predisposing cardiac conditions and Staphylococcus aureus among those without (37.9% vs. 5.5%, p = 0.018, and 6.9% vs. 27.8%, p = 0.089, respectively). Six of the 7 (85.7%) S. aureus strains were methicillin-resistant. The majority of patients with and without predisposing cardiac conditions recovered without any complications.Conclusion: In Italy, paediatric IE develops without any previous predisposing factors in a number of children, methicillin-resistant S. aureus has emerged as a common causative agent and the therapeutic approach is extremely variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2016
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33. Maternal Viral Load and Hepatitis C Virus Vertical Transmission

Author: Giovannini Marcello, Gemmellaro Laura, Salvini Filippo, and Zuccotti Gian Vincenzo
Subjects: Hepatitis C virus, HIV Infections, Hepacivirus, medicine.disease_cause, Antiviral Agents, law.invention, Pregnancy, law, medicine, Humans, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Cesarean Section, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Gastroenterology, Viral Load, Hepatitis C, Virology, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Bottle Feeding, Breast Feeding, Transmission (mechanics), Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, business, Viral load
Published: 2003
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34. In utero exposure to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate does not impair growth and bone health in HIV-uninfected children born to HIV-infected mothers

Author: Viganò, Alessandra, primary, Mora, Stefano, additional, Giacomet, Vania, additional, Stucchi, Sara, additional, Manfredini, Valeria, additional, Gabiano, Clara, additional, Salvini, Filippo, additional, Cellini, Monica, additional, Tamburrini, Enrica, additional, Puzzovio, Maria, additional, and Zuccotti, Gian Vincenzo, additional
Published: 2011
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35. Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma in an HIV-positive Child

Author: Martelli, Laura, primary, Collini, Paola, additional, Meazza, Cristina, additional, Bianchi, Alessandra, additional, Salvini, Filippo, additional, Zaffignani, Elena, additional, Favini, Francesca, additional, Casanova, Michela, additional, and Ferrari, Andrea, additional
Published: 2008
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36. A randomized prospective double blind controlled trial on effects of long-term consumption of fermented milk containing Lactobacillus casei in pre-school children with allergic asthma and/or rhinitis

Author: Salvini, Filippo, primary, Morelli, Lorenzo, additional, Sala, Marco, additional, Radaelli, Giovanni, additional, Banderali, Giuseppe, additional, Agostoni, Carlo, additional, and Giovannini, Marcello, additional
Published: 2007
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37. A Randomized Prospective Double Blind Controlled Trial on Effects of Long-Term Consumption of Fermented Milk Containing Lactobacillus casei in Pre-School Children With Allergic Asthma and/or Rhinitis

Author: Giovannini, Marcello, primary, Agostoni, Carlo, additional, Riva, Enrica, additional, Salvini, Filippo, additional, Ruscitto, Antonia, additional, Zuccotti, Gian Vincenzo, additional, and Radaelli, Giovanni, additional
Published: 2007
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38. In uteroexposure to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate does not impair growth and bone health in HIV-uninfected children born to HIV-infected mothers

Author: Viganò, Alessandra, Mora, Stefano, Giacomet, Vania, Stucchi, Sara, Manfredini, Valeria, Gabiano, Clara, Salvini, Filippo, Cellini, Monica, Tamburrini, Enrica, Puzzovio, Maria, and Zuccotti, Gian Vincenzo
Abstract: Background Growth impairment and bone toxicity due to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) fetal exposure has been described mainly in animals. We evaluated growth pattern and bone health in TDF-exposed HIV-uninfected children born to HIV-infected mothers, defined as seroreverters (SR).Methods This was a multicentre observational cross-sectional cohort study enrolling 68 SR who were in uteroexposed to an antiretroviral regimen including (TDF+) or not including (TDF-) tenofovir. Neonatal data and duration of antiretroviral exposure were recorded. At enrolment, anthropometric measures, tibial speed of sound (SOS) by quantitative ultrasound and several parameters of bone metabolism were assessed.Results Gestational age and median in uteroantiretroviral exposure were similar in subjects exposed to TDF (n=33) and those non-exposed (n=35). Age at enrolment was comparable in the two groups (TDF-exposed range 11.8–76.2 months and TDF non-exposed range 11.8–77.9 months). The incidence of low weight and length measurements (<10th percentiles) at birth was similar in TDF-exposed and TDF non-exposed. Normal growth development was found in both groups of subjects at enrolment. The median (0.6; range -2.4–2.6) SOS z-score of TDF-exposed was similar to the median (0.8; range -2.2–4.4) SOS z-score of TDF non-exposed (Student's t=0.84; P=0.40). Parameters of bone metabolism were similar in the two groups.Conclusions Exposure to TDF during pregnancy does not impair growth patterns, bone health and markers of bone metabolism in SR infants and young children born to HIV-infected women.
Published: 2011
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39. A Randomized Prospective Double Blind Controlled Trial on Effects of Long-Term Consumption of Fermented Milk Containing Lactobacillus caseiin Pre-School Children With Allergic Asthma and/or Rhinitis

Author: GIOVANNINI, MARCELLO, AGOSTONI, CARLO, RIVA, ENRICA, SALVINI, FILIPPO, RUSCITTO, ANTONIA, ZUCCOTTI, GIAN VINCENZO, and RADAELLI, GIOVANNI
Abstract: To examine whether long-term consumption of fermented milk containing a specific Lactobacillus caseimay improve the health status of preschool children suffering from allergic asthma and/or rhinitis a randomized, prospective, double blind, controlled trial was conducted in 187 children 2–5 y of age. The children received for 12 mo either fermented milk (100 mL) containing Lactobacillus casei(108cfu/mL) or placebo. The time free from and the number of episodes of asthma/rhinitis after starting intervention were the outcome measures. The number of fever or diarrhea episodes and the change in serum immunoglobulin were further assessed. No statistical difference between intervention and control group occurred in asthmatic children. In children with rhinitis, the annual number of rhinitis episodes was lower in the intervention group, mean difference (95% CI), −1.6 (−3.15 to −0.05); the mean duration of an episode of diarrhea was lower in the intervention group, mean difference −0.81 (−1.52 to −0.10) days. While long-term consumption of fermented milk containing Lactobacillus caseimay improve the health status of children with allergic rhinitis no effect was found in asthmatic children.
Published: 2007
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40. Maternal Viral Load and Hepatitis C Virus Vertical Transmission.

Author: Zuccotti Gian Vincenzo, Salvini Filippo, Gemmellaro Laura, and Giovannini Marcello
Published: 2003
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41. A case of Kawasaki disease with anasarca and concomitant rotavirus infection.

Author: D'Auria, Enza, Salvini, Filippo, Ruscitto, Antonia, Neri, Ilaria Giulini, Ballista, Patrizia, Agostoni, Carlo, and Riva, Enrica
Abstract: We present the case of a child who initially presented with gastrointestinal symptoms suggestive of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis complicated by hyponatraemic dehydration. Appropriate intravenous fluid therapy was administered but the patient, still feverish, developed anasarca probably due to hyperpermeability of microvessels following massive inflammation. Atypical Kawasaki disease was diagnosed on the basis of the clinical findings and laboratory tests. An echocardiogram performed on the 14th day showed a coronary artery aneurysm of the right coronary artery and a generalised dilation of left coronary artery without pericardial effusion. Anasarca in Kawasaki disease has never been reported before in the literature. A rotavirus infection probably triggered the severe and atypical signs in the case reported here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2009

42. Prevalence and Clinical Outcomes of Poor Immune Response Despite Virologically Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy Among Children and Adolescents With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Europe and Thailand: Cohort Study

Author: Chappell, E., Riordan, A., Jourdain, G., Soriano-Arandes, A., Ene, L., Scherpbier, H., Warszawski, J., Collins, I., Smit, C., Marques, L., Klein, N., Guillén, S., Judd, A., Thorne, C., Goodall, R., Königs, C., Spoulou, V., Prata, F., Goetghebuer, T., Chiappini, E., Galli, L., Naver, L., Giaquinto, C., Gibb, D., Marczynska, M., Okhonskaia, L., Klimkait, T., Lallemant, M., Ngo-Giang-Huong, N., Kiseleva, G., Malyuta, R., Volokha, A., Hainaut, M., Delforge, M., Le Chenadec, J., Ramos, E., Dialla, O., Wack, T., Laurent, C., Ait Si Selmi, L., Leymarie, I., Ait Benali, F., Brossard, M., Boufassa, L., Floch-Tudal, C., Firtion, G., Hau, I., Chace, A., Bolot, P., Blanche, S., Levine, M., Bicëtre, L., Fourcade, C., Heller-Roussin, B., Runel-Belliard, C., Tricoire, J., Chirouze, C., Reliquet, V., Brouard, J., Kebaili, K., Fialaire, P., Lalande, M., Schultze-Strasser, S., Baumann, U., Niehues, T., Neubert, J., Kobbe, R., Berlin, C., Feiterna-Sperling, C., Buchholz, B., Notheis, G., de Martino, M., Angelo Tovo, P., Patrizia, O., Larovere, D., Ruggeri, M., Faldella, G., Baldi, F., Badolato, R., Montagnani, C., Venturini, E., Lisi, C., Di Biagio, A., Taramasso, L., Giacomet, V., Erba, P., Esposito, S., Lipreri, R., Salvini, F., Tagliabue, C., Cellini, M., Bruzzese, E., Lo Vecchio, A., Rampon, O., Donà, D., Romano, A., Dodi, I., Maccabruni, A., Consolini, R., Bernardi, S., Tchidjou Kuekou, H., Genovese, O., Olmeo, P., Cristiano, L., Mazza, A., Gabiano, C., Garazzino, S., Pellegatta, A., Pajkrt, D., Weijsenfeld, A., de Boer CG, Jurriaans, S., Back, N., Zaaijer, H., Berkhout, B., Cornelissen, M., Schinkel, C., Wolthers, K., Fraaij, P., van Rossum AMC, van der Knaap LC, Visser, E., Koopmans, M., van Kampen JJA, Pas, S., Henriet, S., van de Flier, M., van Aerde, K., Strik-Albers, R., Rahamat-Langendoen, J., Stelma, F., Schölvinck, E., de Groot-de Jonge, H., Niesters, H., van Leer-Buter CC, Knoester, M., Bont, L., Geelen, S., Wolfs, T., Nauta, N., Ang, C., van Houdt, R., Pettersson, A., Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C., Reiss, P., Bezemer, D., van Sighem AI, Wit, F., Boender, T., Zaheri, S., Hillebregt, M., de Jong, A., Bergsma, D., Grivell, S., Jansen, A., Raethke, M., Meijering, R., de Groot, L., van den Akker, M., Bakker, Y., Claessen, E., El Berkaoui, A., Koops, J., Kruijne, E., Lodewijk, C., Munjishvili, L., Peeck, B., Ree, C., Regtop, R., Ruijs, Y., Rutkens, T., Schoorl, M., Timmerman, A., Tuijn, E., Veenenberg, L., van der Vliet, S., Wisse, A., Woudstra, T., Tuk, B., Popielska, J., Pokorska-Śpiewak, M., Ołdakowska, A., Zawadka, K., Coupland, U., DorobaLaura Marques, M., Teixeira, C., Fernandes, A., Voronin, E., Miloenko, M., Labutina, S., Tomás Ramos, J., Prieto, L., Luisa Navarro, M., Saavedra, J., Santos, M., Angeles Muñoz, M., Ruiz, B., Mc Phee CF, de Ory SJ, Alvarez, S., Ángel Roa, M., Beceiro, J., Martínez, J., Badillo, K., Apilanez, M., Pocheville, I., Garrote, E., Colino, E., Gómez Sirvent, J., Garzón, M., Román, V., Montesdeoca, A., Mateo, M., José Muñoz, M., Angulo, R., Neth, O., Falcón, L., Terol, P., Luis Santos, J., Moreno, D., Lendínez, F., Grande, A., José Romero, F., Lillo, M., Losada, B., Herranz, M., Bustillo, M., Guerrero, C., Collado, P., Antonio Couceiro, J., Pérez, A., Isabel Piqueras, A., Bretón, R., Segarra, I., Gavilán, C., Jareño, E., Montesinos, E., Dapena, M., Álvarez, C., Gloria Andrés, A., Marugán, V., Ochoa, C., Alfayate, S., Isabel Menasalvas, A., de Miguel, E., Aebi-Popp, K., Asner, S., Aubert, V., Battegay, M., Baumann, M., Bernasconi, E., Böni, J., Brazzola, P., Bucher, H., Calmy, A., Cavassini, M., Ciuffi, A., Duppenthaler, A., Dollenmaier, G., Egger, M., Elzi, L., Fehr, J., Fellay, J., Francini, K., Furrer, H., Fux, C., Grawe, C., Günthard, H., Haerry, D., Hasse, B., Hirsch, H., Hoffmann, M., Hösli, I., Kahlert, C., Kaiser, L., Keiser, O., Kovari, H., Kouyos, R., Ledergerber, B., Martinetti, G., de Tejada BM, Metzner, K., Müller, N., Nicca, D., Paioni, P., Pantaleo, G., Polli, C., Posfay-Barbe, K., Rauch, A., Rudin, C., Schmid, P., Scherrer, A., Speck, R., Tarr, P., Thanh Lecompte, M., Trkola, A., Vernazza, P., Wagner, N., Wandeler, G., Weber, R., Wyler, C., Yerly, S., Techakunakorn, P., Hansudewechakul, R., Kham, C., Wanchaitanawong, V., Theansavettrakul, S., Sai, M., Nanta, S., Ngampiyaskul, C., Phanomcheong, S., Hongsiriwon, S., Karnchanamayul, W., Kwanchaipanich, R., Kanjanavanit, S., Kamonpakorn, N., Nantarukchaikul, M., Layangool, P., Mekmullica, J., Lucksanapisitkul, P., Watanayothin, S., Lertpienthum, N., Warachit, B., Hanpinitsak, S., Potchalongsin, S., Thanasiri, P., Krikajornkitti, S., Attavinijtrakarn, P., Srirojana, S., Bunjongpak, S., Puangsombat, A., Na-Rajsima, S., Ananpatharachai, P., Akarathum, N., Phuket, V., Lawtongkum, W., Kheunjan, P., Suriyaboon, T., Saipanya, A., Than-In-At, K., Jaisieng, N., Suaysod, R., Chailoet, S., Naratee, N., Kawilapat, S., Kaleeva, T., Baryshnikova, Y., Soloha, S., Bashkatova, N., Raus, I., Glutshenko, O., Ruban, Z., Prymak, N., Bailey, H., Bamford, A., Butler, K., Doerholt, K., Doherty, C., Foster, C., Francis, K., Harrison, I., Kenny, J., Letting, G., Mcmaster, P., Murau, F., Nsangi, E., Peters, H., Prime, K., Shackley, F., Shingadia, D., Storey, S., Tudor-Williams, G., Turkova, A., Welch, S., Jeannie Collins, I., Cook, C., Crichton, S., Dobson, D., Fairbrother, K., M Gibb D, Harper, L., Le Prevost, M., Van Looy, N., Walsh, A., Thrasyvoulou, L., Bernatoniene, J., Manyika, F., Sharpe, G., Subramaniam, B., Sloper, K., Fidler, K., Hague, R., Price, V., Clapson, M., Flynn, J., Cardoso, A., Abou-Rayyah, M., Gurtin, D., Yeadon, S., Segal, S., Ball, C., Hawkins, S., Dowie, M., Bandi, S., Percival, E., Eisenhut, M., Duncan, K., Clough, S., Anguvaa, L., Conway, S., Flood, T., Pickering, A., Murphy, C., Daniels, J., Lees, Y., Thompson, F., Williams, B., Pope, S., Cliffe, L., Smyth, A., Southall, S., Freeman, A., Freeman, H., Christie, S., Gordon, A., Rogahn, D., Clarke, L., Jones, L., Offerman, B., Greenberg, M., Benson, C., Ibberson, L., Faust, S., Hancock, J., Sharland, M., Lyall, H., Monrose, C., Seery, P., Menson, E., Callaghan, A., Bridgwood, A., Evans, J., Blake, E., Yannoulias, A., Critchton, S., Duff, C., Gomezpena, D., Lundin, R., Mangiarini, L., Nardone, A., Posfay Barbe, Klara, Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Department of Sciences for Woman and Child's Health, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Épidémiologie clinique, santé mère-enfant et VIH en Asie du Sud-Est (IRD_PHPT), Harvard University-Chiang Mai University (CMU), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis [Ile-de-France], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), service de maladies infectieuses CHU J Minjoz Besancon, Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Nantes], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Service de Pédiatrie Médicale [Caen], Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Service d'hématologie : Immuno-Hématologie pédiatrique et transplantation de moelle osseuse, Hôpital Debrousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Infectious Diseases, San Martino Hospital, Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), Department of Maternal and Pediatric Sciences, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Maternal-Infantile Department, Unit of Paediatrics and Oncohematology, University Hospital of Parma, Department of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS S. Matteo, Department of Paediatrics, Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore = Catholic University of the Sacred Heart [Roma] (Unicatt), Dipartimento di Ingegneria [Benevento], Università degli Studi del Sannio, University of Twente, Institut de génétique humaine (IGH), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Perinatal Screening, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Architecture et réactivité de l'ARN (ARN), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synthèse, Structure et Propriétés de Matériaux Fonctionnels (STEP), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Département Interfaces pour l'énergie, la Santé et l'Environnement (DIESE), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Stichting HIV Monitoring, Universidade Federal do Ceará = Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Polytechnical University of Valencia, Fac Biol, Dept Genet, Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Service des maladies infectieuses, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève (HUG), University of Basel (Unibas), Dysfonctions métaboliques et diabètes: Mécanismes et approches thérapeutiques, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-IFR50-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University Heart Centre Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Prapokklao Hospital [Chanthaburi, Thailand], Nakornping Hospital [Chiang Mai, Thailand], Samutsakhon Hospital [Samutsakhon, Thailand], Kalasin Hospital [Kalasin, Thailand], Sanpatong Hospital [Chiang Mai, Thailand], Chiang Mai University (CMU), Microbiology Department, St. Jame's Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children [London] (GOSH)-Institute of Child Health, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Bangor] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), University of London [London], London South Bank University (LSBU), Dipartimento di Pediatria, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Pharmacie (UGA UFRP), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), The European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) Study Group in EuroCoord, Florence University, Harvard University [Cambridge]-Chiang Mai University (CMU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), University of Genoa (UNIGE), Catholic University of Rome, University of Twente [Netherlands], Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), University of the Basque Country [Bizkaia] (UPV/EHU), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Pediatrics, Virology, Chappell, Elizabeth, Riordan, Andrew, Jourdain, Gonzague, Soriano-Arandes, Antoni, Ene, Luminita, J Scherpbier, Henriette, Warszawski, Josiane, J Collins, Intira, Smit, Colette, Marques, Laura, Klein, Nigel, Guillén, Sara, Judd, Ali, Thorne, Claire, Goodall, Ruth, Königs, Christoph, Spoulou, Vana, Prata, Filipa, Goetghebuer, Tessa, Chiappini, Elena, Galli, Luisa, Naver, Lar, Giaquinto, Carlo, M Gibb, Diana, Marczynska, Magdalena, Okhonskaia, Liubov, Klimkait, Thoma, Lallemant, Marc, Ngo-Giang-Huong, Nicole, Kiseleva, Galyna, Malyuta, Ruslan, Volokha, Alla, Hainaut, Marc, Delforge, Marc, Le Chenadec, Jerome, Ramos, Elisa, Dialla, Olivia, Wack, Thierry, Laurent, Corine, Ait Si Selmi, Lamya, Leymarie, Isabelle, Ait Benali, Fazia, Brossard, Maud, Boufassa, Leila, Floch-Tudal, Corinne, Firtion, Ghislaine, Hau, Isabelle, Chace, Anne, Bolot, Pascal, Blanche, Stéphane, Levine, Martine, Kremlin Bicëtre, Le, Fourcade, Corinne, Heller-Roussin, Brigitte, Runel-Belliard, Camille, Tricoire, Joëlle, Chirouze, Catherine, Reliquet, Véronique, Brouard, Jacque, Kebaili, Kamila, Fialaire, Pascale, Lalande, Muriel, Schultze-Strasser, Stephan, Baumann, U, Niehues, T, Neubert, J, Kobbe, R, Berlin, Charite, Feiterna-Sperling, C, Königs, C, Buchholz, B, Notheis, G, de Martino, Maurizio, Angelo Tovo, Pier, Patrizia, Osimani, Larovere, Domenico, Ruggeri, Maurizio, Faldella, Giacomo, Baldi, Francesco, Badolato, Raffaele, Montagnani, Carlotta, Venturini, Elisabetta, Lisi, Catiuscia, Di Biagio, Antonio, Taramasso, Lucia, Giacomet, Vania, Erba, Paola, Esposito, Susanna, Lipreri, Rita, Salvini, Filippo, Tagliabue, Claudia, Cellini, Monica, Bruzzese, Eugenia, LO VECCHIO, Andrea, Paediatric Infectious Diseases / Rheumatology / Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, AII - Infectious diseases, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), APH - Aging & Later Life, Infectious diseases, and Global Health
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_treatment, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4], HIV Infections, Rate ratio, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Prevalence, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, poor immune response, ddc:618, Immunosuppression, Viral Load, Hepatitis B, Thailand, 3. Good health, Europe, Thailand/epidemiology, Infectious Diseases, Cohort, Coinfection, Female, Cohort study, Adult, Microbiology (medical), viral suppression, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Anti-HIV Agents, antiretroviral therapy, 030106 microbiology, Europe/epidemiology, 03 medical and health sciences, children, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, HIV, Aged, Settore MED/38 - Pediatria Generale e Specialistica, business.industry, Immunity, medicine.disease, HIV Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4], Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Background In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive adults, low CD4 cell counts despite fully suppressed HIV-1 RNA on antiretroviral therapy (ART) have been associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. We assessed the prevalence and outcomes of poor immune response (PIR) in children receiving suppressive ART. Methods Sixteen cohorts from the European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) contributed data. Children Results Of 2318 children included, median age was 6.4 years and 68% had advanced/severe immunosuppression at ART initiation. At 1 year of VS, 12% had PIR. In multivariable analysis, PIR was associated with older age and worse immunological stage at ART start, hepatitis B coinfection, and residing in Thailand (all P ≤ .03). Rates of AIDS/death (95% confidence interval) per 100 000 person-years were 1052 (547, 2022) among PIR versus 261 (166, 409) among immune responders; rate ratio of 4.04 (1.83, 8.92; P < .001). Conclusions One in eight children in our cohort experienced PIR despite sustained VS. While the overall rate of AIDS/death was low, children with PIR had a 4-fold increase in risk of event as compared with immune responders.
Published: 2020
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43. Altered germinal center reaction and abnormal B cell peripheral maturation in PI3KR1-mutated patients presenting with HIGM-like phenotype

Author: Silvia Giliani, Vassilios Lougaris, Anna Monica Bianco, Antonino Trizzino, Annalisa Marcuzzi, Fabio Facchetti, Daniele Moratto, Anders Fasth, Filippo Salvini, Erica Valencic, Manuela Baronio, Martina Girardelli, Alessandro Plebani, Elisa Piscianz, Gaetana Lanzi, Flavio Faletra, Alberto Tommasini, Diego Vozzi, Claudia Loganes, Lougaris, Vassilio, Faletra, Flavio, Lanzi, Gaetana, Vozzi, Diego, Marcuzzi, Annalisa, Valencic, Erica, Piscianz, Elisa, Bianco, ANNA MONICA ROSARIA, Girardelli, Martina, Baronio, Manuela, Loganes, Claudia, Fasth, Ander, Salvini, Filippo, Trizzino, Antonino, Moratto, Daniele, Facchetti, Fabio, Giliani, Silvia, Plebani, Alessandro, and Tommasini, Alberto
Subjects: Male, Hyper IgM syndrome, Hyper-IgM Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Immunology, Germinal Center (GC) reaction, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, NO, B cells, Hyper-IgM syndrome, PIK3R1, B-Lymphocytes, Child, Preschool, Female, Germinal Center, Humans, Infant, Mutation, Phenotype, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, RNA Splice Sites, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Immunology and Allergy, Child, Preschool, Sequence Analysis, DNA, medicine, B cell, B-Lymphocyte, Germinal center, medicine.disease, Peripheral, Class Ia Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, medicine.anatomical_structure, RNA Splice Site, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, Human
Published: 2015

44. Factors Associated With Severe Gastrointestinal Diagnoses in Children With SARS-CoV-2 Infection or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome.

Author: Lo Vecchio A, Garazzino S, Smarrazzo A, Venturini E, Poeta M, Berlese P, Denina M, Meini A, Bosis S, Galli L, Cazzato S, Nicolini G, Vergine G, Giacchero R, Ballardini G, Dodi I, Salvini FM, Manzoni P, Ferrante G, Quadri V, Campana A, Badolato R, Villani A, Guarino A, and Gattinara GC
Subjects: Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Gastrointestinal Diseases diagnostic imaging, Gastrointestinal Diseases pathology, Humans, Male, Prognosis, Radiography, Retrospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 complications, Gastrointestinal Diseases virology, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome complications
Abstract: Importance: Severe gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations have been sporadically reported in children with COVID-19; however, their frequency and clinical outcome are unknown., Objective: To describe the clinical, radiological, and histopathologic characteristics of children with COVID-19 presenting with severe GI manifestations to identify factors associated with a severe outcome., Design, Setting, and Participants: A multicenter retrospective cohort study (February 25, 2020, to January 20, 2021) enrolled inpatient and outpatient children (aged <18 years) with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, confirmed by positive real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction on nasopharyngeal swab or fulfilling the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). The study was conducted by pediatricians working in primary care or hospitals in Italy participating in the COVID-19 Registry of the Italian Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases., Main Outcomes and Measures: The occurrence of severe GI manifestations, defined by a medical and/or radiological diagnosis of acute abdomen, appendicitis (complicated or not by perforation and/or peritonitis), intussusception, pancreatitis, abdominal fluid collection, and diffuse adenomesenteritis requiring surgical consultation, occurring during or within 4 to 6 weeks after infection with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs of factors potentially associated with severe outcomes., Results: Overall, 685 children (386 boys [56.4%]; median age, 7.3 [IQR, 1.6-12.4] years) were included. Of these children, 628 (91.7%) were diagnosed with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and 57 (8.3%) with MIS-C. The presence of GI symptoms was associated with a higher chance of hospitalization (OR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.89-3.69) and intensive care unit admission (OR, 3.90; 95% CI, 1.98-7.68). Overall, 65 children (9.5%) showed severe GI involvement, including disseminated adenomesenteritis (39.6%), appendicitis (33.5%), abdominal fluid collection (21.3%), pancreatitis (6.9%), or intussusception (4.6%). Twenty-seven of these 65 children (41.5%) underwent surgery. Severe GI manifestations were associated with the child's age (5-10 years: OR, 8.33; 95% CI, 2.62-26.5; >10 years: OR, 6.37; 95% CI, 2.12-19.1, compared with preschool-age), abdominal pain (adjusted OR [aOR], 34.5; 95% CI, 10.1-118), lymphopenia (aOR, 8.93; 95% CI, 3.03-26.3), or MIS-C (aOR, 6.28; 95% CI, 1.92-20.5). Diarrhea was associated with a higher chance of adenomesenteritis (aOR, 3.13; 95% CI, 1.08-9.12) or abdominal fluid collection (aOR, 3.22; 95% CI, 1.03-10.0)., Conclusions and Relevance: In this multicenter cohort study of Italian children with SARS-CoV-2 infection or MIS-C, 9.5% of the children had severe GI involvement, frequently associated with MIS-C. These findings suggest that prompt identification may improve the management of serious complications.
Published: 2021
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45. Strategies for Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Adopted in the "Real-World" Setting: Data From the Italian Register for HIV-1 Infection in Children.

Author: Chiappini E, Galli L, Lisi C, Gabiano C, Esposito S, Giacomet V, Giaquinto C, Rampon O, Badolato R, Genovese O, Buffolano W, Osimani P, Cellini M, Bernardi S, Maccabruni A, Dodi I, Salvini F, Faldella G, Quercia M, Gotta C, Rabusin M, Natale F, Mazza A, Merighi M, Tovo PA, and de Martino M
Subjects: Adult, Child, Female, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV-1 isolation & purification, Humans, Infant, Italy epidemiology, Male, Pregnancy, HIV Infections prevention & control, HIV Infections transmission, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical prevention & control, Registries
Abstract: Background: Strategies for prevention of HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) have been continuously optimized. However, cases of vertical transmission continue to occur in high-income countries., Objectives: To investigate changes in PMTCT strategies adopted by Italian clinicians over time and to evaluate risk factors for transmission., Methods: Data from mother-child pairs prospectively collected by the Italian Register, born in Italy in 1996-2016, were analyzed. Risk factors for MTCT were explored by logistic regression analyses., Results: Six thousand five hundred three children (348 infections) were included. In our cohort, the proportion of children born to foreign mothers increased from 18.3% (563/3078) in 1996%-2003% to 66.2% (559/857) in 2011-2016 (P < 0.0001). Combination neonatal prophylaxis use significantly (P < 0.0001) increased over time, reaching 6.3% (56/857) after 2010, and it was largely (4.2%) adopted in early preterm infants. The proportion of vaginal deliveries in women with undetectable viral load (VL) increased over time and was 9.9% (85/857) in 2011-2016; no infection occurred among them. In children followed up since birth MTCT, rate was 3.5% (96/2783) in 1996-2003; 1.4% (36/2480) in 2004-2010; and 1.1% (9/835) in 2011-2016. At a multivariate analysis, factors associated with MTCT were vaginal delivery with detectable or missing VL or nonelective caesarean delivery, prematurity, breastfeeding, lack of maternal or neonatal antiretroviral therapy, detectable maternal VL, and age at first observation. Previously described increased risk of offspring of immigrant women was not confirmed., Conclusions: Risk of MTCT in Italy is ongoing, even in recent years, underling the need for implementation of the current screening program in pregnancy. Large combination neonatal prophylaxis use in preterm infants was observed, even if data on safety and efficacy in prematures are poor.
Published: 2018
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