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The present work analyzes the academic performance of students from at-risk groups from the perspective of Social Network Analysis (SNA), studying the academic and interaction information of 45 students belonging to at-risk groups who attended a pilot socio-academic course during one academic term. This information was used to create a sociogram, which served as the basis for determining the centrality metrics of the SNA. The relationships between these metrics and the academic variables were then studied by means of correlation analysis and linear regression with LASSO standardization. As a preview of the results, it was determined that the academic performance of the students in the pilot course was influenced, on the one hand, by their academic knowledge prior to being admitted to the university, represented by the score on the Mathematics and Geometry section of the diagnostic test, and on the other hand, by the dynamics of the social network in which they interacted in the classroom, represented by the eigenvector centrality. These results have significant potential for explaining the academic performance according to SNA metrics, and they provide evidence to support the implementation of practices that promote a healthy social environment in an academic context.

La osteoporosis es un importante problema de salud pública. Las fracturas osteoporóticas más frecuentes son las de vertebras tóracolumbares. En la mayoría de los casos, el manejo inicial es conservador, sin embargo, pueden ocurrir importantes complicaciones. Se han desarrollado varias clasificaciones para definir la conducta terapéutica apropiada. Existen diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas de elección que consideran la condición clínica del paciente, el tiempo de evolución, y el nivel de severidad de la fractura. Se describe que la cifoplastía y la vertebroplastía no tienen diferencias en cuanto a outcome clínicos, y que la cementación con tornillos fenestrados aumenta la resistencia al pull out. La instrumentación corta, mínimamente invasiva, con incorporación de la vertebra fracturada, asociada a vertebroplastía es una técnica segura y avalada por la literatura. Se presenta estudio retrospectivo descriptivo de serie de casos. Palabras clave: Fractura osteoporótica, fractura tóracolumbar, vertebroplastía, cifoplastía, artrodesis tóracolumbar. Osteoporosis is a major public health problem. The most common osteoporotic fractures are those of the thoracolumbar vertebrae. In most cases, initial management is conservative, however, serious complications can occur. Various classifications have been developed to define appropriate therapeutic conduct. There are different surgical techniques that consider the clinical condition of the patient, the time of evolution, and the level of severity of the fracture. The literature describes that kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty have no differences in terms of clinical outcomes, and that cementation with fenestrated screws increases resistance to pull out. The short minimally invasive instrumentation, with incorporation of the fractured vertebra, associated with vertebroplasty is a safe technique. A descriptive retrospective study of a series of cases is presented. Key words: Osteoporotic fracture, thoracolumbar fracture, vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty, thoracolumbar fixation, spine surgery., Introducción La osteoporosis es un problema de salud pública, y su incidencia en la población está en aumento (1). Las fracturas osteoporóticas más frecuentes son las vertebrales, especialmente las tóracolumbares, [...]

The chronology of the Inka Empire is poorly resolved, with most scholars utilizing a post hoc ethnohistoric reconstruction of imperial expansion as a common reference point. Radiocarbon-based analyses can now accomplish sufficient resolution for meaningful independent estimates of Inka chronology, however, and it is incumbent upon archaeologists to develop such appraisals. Here we produce a Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon data from the Upper Loa River area of northern Chile to estimate the timing of Inka incorporation of this region. In order to accurately associate samples with Inka rule, only radiocarbon dates from Inka sites without prior occupations are used (n = 34), producing a model for the onset of Inka rule of AD 1401–1437 (95% hpd) with a median date of AD 1420. This estimate is further used as a point of comparison for understanding diachronic imperial processes in the region. Site-level models of a variety of site types indicate that the Inka rapidly founded several administrative/mining bases at the onset, followed by the addition of smaller infrastructure components during a second pulse of activity near the middle of the 15th century. Date assemblages at the agricultural sites of Topaín and Paniri also indicate a decline in activity at the former and an increase in activity at the latter from early on in Inka rule. These results provide a high-resolution data point for reconstructing Inka imperial chronology, and expanding such studies will be essential to understanding processes of Inka imperialism at larger scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]