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Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to determine the critical elements influencing the frequency and severity of two-wheeler-related traffic crashes, this study explores these incidents along eleven years in Vienna. Applying sophisticated multivariate statistical approaches, a comprehensive dataset is used and includes variables about rider demographics, weather conditions, vehicle features, and crash circumstances to reveal intricate correlations and interactions among these elements. Is there significant and distinctive difference based on gender and age with specific conditions under which crashes are occurring influencing different injury degree. Multiple regression undoubtedly points fields for action in statistically based findings providing the most important answer to this research: why there are so many crashes and what is leading cause of injured two-wheelers. The research yields insightful information that politicians and practitioners of road safety may use to improve two-wheeler safety regulations and lower the number of serious injuries and fatalities. Highlights: The stunning fact that just one rider in every fourteen may be uninjured Every second two-wheel rider sustain light injury and every eight severe Lane type, crash circumstance and consequence proves to be significant predictors for crash [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Welfare state research over the past five decades has largely focused on two broad social policy pillars: (1) arrays of income programmes, such as social assistance, unemployment insurance, family allowances and pensions, and (2) a range of social services, including childcare, healthcare, social housing and education. However, an important cluster of policy measures, constituting a third policy pillar, has been largely neglected in the cross-national welfare state research to date, protective legislation. It comprises the networks of protective and regulatory laws and constitutional rights emplaced to secure and promote our welfare. Central to all social policy areas, these measures, including rent control policies, workplace health and safety laws, legislation preventing discrimination against people with disabilities and child corporal punishment bans, are distinct from laws that determine access to income programmes and social services or set out the terms of their provision. Rather, they constitute a standalone third category of policy measures, are key components of all welfare states and, depending upon how they are actualised, can be just as central to our well-being and the promotion of our welfare. They can also have compounding or synergistic interactions with policies in the other two policy pillars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Aim-The aim of study was to evaluate the prevalence of maxillofacial fracture following road traffic accidents, to access the pattern of maxillofacial fracture and to estimate the most common type of facial fracture following road traffic accidents in patient attending a tertiary health care center. Materials and methods: Patient coming to ENT OPD and casualty of Shri Vasantrao Naik government medical college Yavatmal with facial bone fractures following RTA, were evaluated in this study. Results: Total 140 patients were evaluated with facial bone fracture after RTA. The prevalence of facial fracture in RTA patient is 11.2%. Majority of them were in age group of 21 to 40 years. Male preponderance was seen. Most common facial fracture was mandible 48.5%, followed by nasal bone 18.5%, ZMC 17.1%, multiple bone fracture 10.7%. Among all mandible fractures 47.19% had parasymphysis fracture. Two wheeler accidents were majorly seen 47.1%, 33.6% four wheeler, 16.4% pedestrians and 2.9% three wheeler. Among the 2 wheeler drivers, majority 78.8% were not wearing helmets. Majority 60.7% cases needed surgery and 39.3% were treated conservatively. Among surgical cases 12.9% of cases had complication following surgery. Conclusion: On the basis of data which was reproduced after examination of 140 patients, having RTA with facial bone fractures attending tertiary care hospital, it is concluded that most common fracture following RTA is mandible. In mandible, the most common site is parasymphysis. Two wheeler accidents were majorly seen. Majority of patients were under influence of alcohol. Majority of them were not wearing helmets. To avoid RTA, it is important to implement stringent traffic rules, improving the quality of roads, safety regulation rules should be followed. ORIF being the main stay of treatment in present study followed by IMF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking into account the multiple demand differences and the existence of distribution network faults, the study conducts a multiple demand-side resource regulation capability assessment for distribution network safety and security as a way to achieve distribution network resource regulation optimization. The study considers multiple demands and adopts the correlation depth wandering algorithm to assess node faults in the distribution network, and proposes a quantitative assessment strategy for multiple demand-side resource regulation capability, and constructs an index system for assessing the resource regulation capability of the distribution network, and carries out the assessment of the resource regulation capability of the multiple demand-side resources. The results show that the regulation efficiency of wind power, thermal power, solar power and hydro power is above 20%, i.e., the combined regulation efficiency of the four energy sources is able to reach above 80%. The results show that the multi-demand-side resource regulation capability for distribution network security can be significantly improved, and the findings of the study have an important practical value for the electric power industry in terms of resource regulation and security, as well as providing a strong support for the sustainable development of the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary goals of this study are to outline the elements involved in implementing the substantive and procedural parts of the right to live in a safe, clean, healthy, and sustainable environment as well as some of the factors involved in recognizing that right.In this study, we examined how state policy, legal regulations, environmental concerns, citizen laws, and ecological education affect people's health and safety in the environment. There were 1235 participants who work in Mongolia's public, private, education, health, small business, and international sectors provided the data. This study is noteworthy for its consideration of theoretical and practical issues, as well as for Mongolian practices. Based on the survey's factors, the overall results indicated that employees possessed leadership qualities. The ramifications of the aforementioned findings for theory and practice, as well as the research's limitations and opportunities for future investigation, were also covered in our analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates a class of Duffing nonlinear dynamic systems with fractional‐order dry friction and conducts in‐depth research on the stability, chaotic characteristics, and erosion of the safety basin of this system; the results are verified through numerical simulation. First, the average method is used to approximate the amplitude–frequency relationship of the system, and the accuracy of the analytical results is verified through numerical experiments. Second, the Melnikov method is used to obtain the conditions for the system to enter chaos in the Smale horseshoe sense, and the Melnikov curve is drawn for further verification. Then, bifurcation diagrams are drawn for the changes in various parameters in the system, with a focus on analyzing the influence of friction factors on chaotic bifurcation. By applying the definition and calculation principle of the maximum Lyapunov exponent, and drawing and utilizing the maximum Lyapunov exponent graph, the chaotic state that the system enters under different parameters is more clearly defined. Finally, the evolution law of the safety basin under various parameter changes, especially dry friction changes, is analyzed, and the erosion and bifurcation mechanism of the safety basin is studied. Comparing with the bifurcation diagram, it reveals that chaos primarily contributes to the erosion of the safety basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wrist watches have accompanied people in the most important moments since the 1810s and have undergone an esthetic and mechanical transformation process to align with safety standards and regulations depending on the destination of each type of wrist watch. This article aims to determine the influence of the filling percentage and the most common filling geometry pattern on the mechanical tensile behavior of a watch bracelet model manufactured from flexible filament. The comparative study is carried out on samples with two different filling percentages, manufactured by using the FDM technology from a thermoplastic material polyether‐polyurethane elastomer (TPU) with a hardness scale of 82A and thermoplastic elastomer (TPU) with a hardness scale of 93A, these being subsequently subjected to two‐direction traction tests with the aim of determining the braking strap models resistance depending on the material hardness, thus, creating the prerequisites for finding a solution to increase the durability of the custom made watch straps from TPU through FDM technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nuclear Safety is the property of Nuclear & Radiation Safety Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nuclear Safety is the property of Nuclear & Radiation Safety Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Professional Business Review (JPBReview) is the property of AOS: ESTRATEGIA & INOVACAO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Gene-edited crops and livestock have the potential to transform food systems by providing resilience to climate change, pest and disease resistance, and the enhancement of nutrients in feed and food in a time-efficient and precise way. In 2023, the UK Parliament passed the Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Bill, paving the way for gene-edited products to be farmed in England and sold, providing they could have theoretically been produced via traditional breeding. In this paper, we describe the possible risks of gene-edited products for consumption using four case studies of gene-edited organisms: increased vitamin D tomatoes, reduced linoleic acid cottonseed oil, porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV) resistant pigs and reduced-asparagine wheat. Assuming that the only requirement for an organism to be a Precision-Bred Organism (PBO) is that no transgenic material remains within the organism and that the edit could have, in theory, occurred spontaneously or through traditional breeding methods, then all our case studies would likely be defined as PBOs. We also conclude that the food safety risks of these products appear to be similar to those that society accepts in traditionally bred organisms used for food and feed. However, PBOs that possess markedly altered nutrient profiles may require a dedicated identity-preserved retail chain and/or labelling to avoid unintended over-consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Performing risk assessments in construction requires collecting and analyzing project data and historical safety accident data, which is challenging due to the inherent complexities and dynamic nature of construction projects. To address these challenges, building information modeling (BIM) has been leveraged as a centralized digital repository that integrates data and provides a holistic 3D view of a project. Previous studies have highlighted BIM's significant functions for risk assessment, such as visualization, simulation, and clash detection. However, these studies often overlook the incorporation of temporal information, which is crucial for assessing risks accounting for the dynamic conditions of construction sites. This study develops a 4D BIM-based risk-assessment framework by integrating spatial and temporal data to respond to dynamic site changes. The framework leverages 4D BIM to combine 3D model data with time-, resource-, and logistics-related information, enhancing the tracking and evaluation of construction progress. The study involves investigating major construction accidents, classifying their risk factors, establishing risk-factor identification algorithms, and implementing the framework on a web-based platform for validation. This approach offers a comprehensive risk-identification strategy, applicable to multiple accident types, with intuitive visualization using BIM models, benefiting from managers' experiential knowledge and enabling effective risk assessments and mitigation strategies. Consequently, potential safety risks at construction sites can be efficiently identified using interconnected spatial and temporal data while tracking changes in risk levels in real time and visualizing them on a web-based platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the continued rise in popularity of powered catamarans for recreational and commercial applications, there is limited published research on the factors that improve or reduce a powered catamaran's hydrodynamic stability. There is no definitive research on a catamaran's hydrodynamic stability during a turn, and current regulations to control the risks are proving ineffective for modern speeds and power. Research on the hydrodynamic stability of catamarans was conducted using a custom-built vessel and its multi-sensor data logger. Test results confirmed serious concerns for safety regulation and acceptance testing of powered catamarans for hydrodynamic stability. The experiments have produced new insights as to why powered catamarans are at risk of capsizing and created a baseline for future testing. The work reported in this article provides an original characterisation of the multi-factor relationships that impact the instability of a powered planing catamaran. The results provide a starting point for the creation of a predictive model and approach to improve catamaran design and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of Photobiomodulation (PBM) at different wavelengths on non-superficial cancer cells. Utilizing three laser protocols (650 nm, 810 nm, and 915 nm), the research explores cytotoxic effects, ROS generation, and cell migration. Results reveal varied responses across cell lines, with 810 nm PBM inducing significant ROS levels and inhibiting PAN-1 cell migration. The study suggests potential therapeutic applications for PBM in non-superficial cancers, emphasizing the need for further exploration in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A drug recall is an act of removing products from the market and/or returning them to the manufacturer for disposal or correction when they violate safety laws. Action can be initiated by the manufacturing company or by the order of a regulatory body. This study aimed to assess the characteristics of Rwanda FDA drug recall and determine the association between classes of recall and recall characteristics. Methodology: This was a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study. Data about recalled drugs were collected from the official website of the Rwanda FDA in the section assigned to "Safety alerts". The search included data reported between February 2019 and February 2023 covering four years. Data cleaning was conducted in Microsoft Excel to address missing data and inconsistencies, followed by importation into STATA/SE software version 17.0 for further cleaning and subsequent analysis. Descriptive statistics were computed for independent variables. Categorical variables were described in terms of counts and relative frequencies. Bivariate analyses used Pearson's chi-square test to illustrate the associations between categorical independent variables and recall classes. Results: The study revealed that a large proportion (33.0%) of the recalled products belonged to Class I. Antibiotics constituted 35.8% of the recalled products, with contamination emerging as a leading cause and responsible for 26.4% of the recalls. India was the leading manufacturing country for the recalled products (29.2%), followed by France (17.9%), China (17.0%), Kenya (13.2%), and Russia (6.6%). An association was found between the class of recall and several recall characteristics, including the year of recall, drug category, safety issues, reporter, and manufacturing country. Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive overview of the characteristics of drug recalls in Rwanda. The insights gained contribute to a nuanced understanding of recall dynamics and provide evidence-based strategies to enhance drug quality, safety, efficacy, regulatory compliance, and patient welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Airlines should ensure reliable maintenance support for aircraft operations, especially when introducing new aircraft types. To realize alternations in technicians' cognition and habit in executing routine checks is vital to identify and set training principles during starting stages of type changes. This study compiled possible alterations for A350XWB maintenance from senior practitioners and then conducted a comprehensive survey of China Airlines A-check crew members. A ranked pair-wise comparison (RPC) approach distinguished the priorities of gaps in crew cognition differences and habit changes. Fuselage anti-collision regulation resulted in larger gaps in cognition and habits. Procedures for powering the electrical system on and off, concepts for fuselage structure and materials, and reports of visual inspection procedures after collisions were the sub-criteria with the most significant changes for all respondents. Senior technicians presented more significant cognition differences with juniors in regulations for safety ranges between ground equipment and fuselage. Crew accumulating specific working experience performed more cautiously and carefully. New knowledge and procedures generated alternations of the crew's cognition and habit in implementing A350XWB A-checks than previous types. This study identified the relative gaps in practical operations. Airlines must be continuously aware of these gaps in aircraft maintenance during aircraft type changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A few studies have addressed the personal safety culture for individuals working in the marine fishing sector. The objective of this study was to identify and analyze the factors that affect the safety culture of individuals working on fishing vessels through a case study of 145 individuals in Al-Attaka fishing port in Suez who were interviewed to collect data related to the research. This study presented the relationship between training and obtaining certificates, and knowledge of safety equipment and its use, the accidents and injuries, obstacles facing individuals working in this fishing vessel, marine pollution and the extent of its impact on individuals' personal safety culture by using the SPSS program. The factors were tested using ANOVA, correlations and multi regression analysis. The finding of this study showed that the Cronbach's Alpha values for all variables were more than 0.70, and the personal safety culture of individuals working on fishing vessels was significantly influenced by their knowledge of safety equipment and the obstacles they faced regarding personal safety (P=0.00). Therefore, pollution in the marine environment has a negative significant impact on personal safety culture (P=0.012). Meanwhile, incidents related to personal safety, training and certificates did not show a significant effect on personal safety culture, and the coefficient was determined as R2=0.607. The study suggests implementing training plans for individuals in the fishing industry and establishing safety laws for those working on fishing vessels. In addition, it recommends providing clear methodologies through specialized departments and authorities to encourage individuals to recognize the importance of personal safety in their lives and the impact it has on preserving their lives and property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power hammers are mechanised forging devices that constitute a pivotal part of steel manufacturing. Power hammer‐associated injuries are a rare occurrence. We report a noteworthy case of a 52‐year‐old man who sustained a high‐energy penetrating injury while working with a power (counterblow) hammer. The man used a sizable disc‐shaped metallic object to dislodge the forging wedged in the machine by applying the force of the striking ram on it. On impact, the object ejected and struck the man in the right lateral portion of the chest. The autopsy disclosed extensive damage to the thoracic and abdominal organs. The cause of death was opined to be exsanguination due to penetrating trauma of the heart and transection of the descending aorta. The investigation confirmed a breach of safety regulations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first power (counterblow) hammer‐related fatality in medico‐legal literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study takes the mine wall of the isolated mine pillar in the Dongguashan Copper Mine as the research object. Based on the mechanical model of the mine wall under the trapezoidal loading of the backfill, the expressions for calculating the safety factor of the mine wall were derived by considering the load-bearing conditions of the backfill–mine-wall system under different roof-contacted filling rates. On this basis, the variation law of the safety factor of the mine wall with the roof-contacted filling rate was obtained, and the calculation result was verified by a numerical simulation and a field test. The research shows that for the same mine wall width, when the roof-contacted filling rate exceeds 9.53%, the safety factor of the mine wall exhibits a "trapezoidal" variation pattern with the increase in the roof-contacted filling rate. Moreover, the comprehensive benefits of isolated pillar recovery are made more credible by maintaining a wall width of 3 m and a filler jointing rate between 30% and 74.49%. This study analyzes the effect of the roof-contacted filling rate on the stability of the mine wall, which can provide a theoretical basis for mining isolated pillars by the filler method in deep mines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study delves into the transformative potential of integrating augmented reality (AR) within imaging technologies, shedding light on this evolving landscape. Through a comprehensive narrative review, this research uncovers a wealth of literature exploring the intersection between AR and medical imaging, highlighting its growing prominence in healthcare. AR's integration offers a host of potential opportunities to enhance surgical precision, bolster patient engagement, and customize medical interventions. Moreover, when combined with technologies like virtual reality (VR), artificial intelligence (AI), and robotics, AR opens up new avenues for innovation in clinical practice, education, and training. However, amidst these promising prospects lie numerous unanswered questions and areas ripe for exploration. This study emphasizes the need for rigorous research to elucidate the clinical efficacy of AR-integrated interventions, optimize surgical workflows, and address technological challenges. As the healthcare landscape continues to evolve, sustained research efforts are crucial to fully realizing AR's transformative impact in medical imaging. Systematic reviews on AR in healthcare also overlook regulatory and developmental factors, particularly in regard to medical devices. These include compliance with standards, safety regulations, risk management, clinical validation, and developmental processes. Addressing these aspects will provide a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities in integrating AR into clinical settings, informing stakeholders about crucial regulatory and developmental considerations for successful implementation. Moreover, navigating the regulatory approval process requires substantial financial resources and expertise, presenting barriers to entry for smaller innovators. Collaboration across disciplines and concerted efforts to overcome barriers will be essential in navigating this frontier and harnessing the potential of AR to revolutionize healthcare delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Companies in the nuclear power sector are constantly being challenged to improve their safety and reliability due to increasing complexity arise from evolving safety regulations, long production life, interdisciplinary collaboration, and the need for analyzing the impact of the changes in an operational life cycle. Recognizing these challenges, the paper proposes a transition to Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) as a transformative solution to improve the management of such complex systems. With this objective, this paper presents a workflow implementation that demonstrates the MBSE methodologies to define a concept model, system architecture, impact analysis, safety and reliability analysis, and operational decision‐making of Nuclear Power Plants (NPP). The paper concludes that MBSE provides a potent approach to managing NPP by employing graphical models to develop interrelated systems that has strong adaptability to heterogeneous environments and regulatory changes. The simulation results demonstrated an NPP life cycle, impact analysis, and a test case for model‐based safety and reliability analysis for regulatory compliance, operational efficiency, balance safety, and informed decision‐making in NPP. The study also leads to a number of interesting directions of future work such as synchronization through Product Lifecycle Management, integration with Building Information Modeling, Model‐Based Commissioning/Decommissioning, and Model‐Based Cyber System Security tailored for nuclear power systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of naturally occurring radionuclides is common in all living and non-living frameworks, which are part of our environment. The activity concentration of 40K radionuclide was estimated using gamma spectrometry in some medicinal plants and transfer factors (TF), and Average Annual Committed Effective Dose (AACED) was evaluated. The standard methods were followed in the process of sample collection and processing. The mean activity concentrations of 40K were 223 and 1330 Bq kg−1 in soil and medicinal plants, respectively. The mean TF and AACED were found to be 6.5 and 8.2 μ Sv y−1, respectively. Higher activity concentration was observed in some medicinal plants due to the selective and preferential uptake of this radionuclide depending on their medicinal utility. The study may help to form the database and safety regulations connected with 40K activity in medicinal plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultured meat, which involves growing meat in a laboratory rather than breeding animals, offers potential benefits in terms of sustainability, health, and animal welfare compared to conventional meat production. However, the cultured meat production process involves several stages, each with potential hazards requiring careful monitoring and control. Microbial contamination risks exist in the initial cell collection from source animals and the surrounding environment. During cell proliferation, hazards may include chemical residues from media components such as antibiotics and growth factors, as well as microbial issues from improper bioreactor sterilization. In the differentiation stage where cells become muscle tissue, potential hazards include residues from scaffolding materials, microcarriers, and media components. Final maturation and harvesting stages risk environmental contamination from nonsterile conditions, equipment, or worker handling if proper aseptic conditions are not maintained. This review examines the key microbiological and chemical hazards that must be monitored and controlled during the manufacturing process for cultured meats. It describes some conventional and emerging novel techniques that could be applied for the detection of microbial and chemical hazards in cultured meat. The review also outlines the current evolving regulatory landscape around cultured meat and explains how thorough detection and characterization of microbiological and chemical hazards through advanced analytical techniques can provide crucial data to help develop robust, evidence‐based food safety regulations specifically tailored for the cultured meat industry. Implementing new digital food safety methods is recommended for further research on the sensitive and effective detection of microbiological and chemical hazards in cultured meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic literature review investigates the safety aspects of in-vehicle infotainment systems (IVISs) from 2012 to 2023, analyzing 96 studies. IVISs have significantly evolved, incorporating technologies such as navigation systems, parking assistance, and video games. However, these innovations introduce safety concerns like driver distraction and cognitive overload. This review identifies six primary safety issues: driving distraction, situational awareness, cognitive load, driving performance, interaction success, and emotional state. Head-down displays and touchscreens often have negative safety implications, while speech-based interfaces and Bluetooth-integrated systems are generally considered safer. Suggested improvements include enhancing interface design for touchscreens and exploring gesture-based alternatives. Despite these developments, significant gaps remain in real-world evaluations and studies in diverse driving conditions, highlighting the need for standardized manufacturing norms. Addressing these issues is essential for creating future IVIS that are both reliable and safe. This review serves as a foundation for future research, safety regulations, and design principles aimed at improving IVIS safety. Overcoming these challenges will require a multi-faceted approach that considers user-friendly design, adaptive technologies, and predictive analytics. The goal is to balance technological advancements with road safety, ensuring that IVISs contribute to a safer driving experience without compromising convenience and functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the continuous improvement of safety standards in the construction industry, this sphere remains one of the most hazardous sectors, and safety management is becoming a crucial determinant of effective operation at construction sites. The aim of this study is to identify the essential contextual, evolutionary-chronological, and geographical-industrial scientific landscape of the development of safety management in the construction industry through comprehensive bibliometric analysis. More than 15,000 articles indexed by Scopus from around the world from 2000 to 2023 were analyzed using the VOSviewer tool, filtered by keywords such as “construction,” “safety,” and “management.” The research revealed the intensification of publishing activity since 2012 (with peak growth in 2012, 2020, and 2022). The leading scientists are from China, the United States, and the United Kingdom (e.g., Chinese scientists make up 26.1% of all scholars). The majority of papers are in the field of engineering. Priority areas of research include safety climate, safety behavior, and building information modeling. The closest connections of construction safety management are with the study of professional risks, safety techniques, and quality control. The evolution of research focuses on “human health and safety-risks-digital security systems.” In general, the findings of this study provide a foundation for future research aimed at enhancing safety management in the construction field, potentially increasing worker protection and technical operational efficiency.

In recent years, micro-vehicles have been increasingly involved in urban mobility following the actual trend towards light, more affordable, and eco-friendly means of transportation. Among this vehicle category, the electric kick scooters (e-scooters) represent the most popular example driven by app-based sharing mobility services. Despite the positive implications, poor safety requirements and issues of discomfort are also related to this new segment. The recent spread of e-scooters is motivating the scientific community in investigating performance and ride comfort, in the attempt of improving vehicle design and safety regulations. The aim of this study is to evaluate e-scooter vibrations in driving in a realistic environment, constituted by bike path with seven speed bumps. Fourteen healthy young participants (seven males and seven females) are asked to conduct the test at two different constant velocities ( 5 km/h and 25 km/h). Accelerations are acquired at the main human body segments as well as on the e-scooter. The assessment is based on identifying maxima and root mean squares from signal time histories. A non-parametrical statistical analysis is performed focusing on vibrations transmitted from vehicle to human body, e-scooter velocity, and some rider's characteristics such as gender, mass, dominant arm, and dominant foot. Root mean squares and tests at low velocity generally underline a larger number of significant differences. Moreover, the parameter which mostly influences the system is the rider's mass. Overall, the proposed methodology proves to be an efficient tool to investigate the vehicle-rider vibrational influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An offshore installation is exposed to ship collision risk from in-field and passing vessels. Both categories of collision have occurred on the United Kingdom Continental Shelf (UKCS), and both have the potential to result in catastrophic damage to the installation, although to date only significant consequences have been observed in UK waters. World-wide, catastrophic collisions with installations have occurred resulting in severe damage to vessels and installations, leading to loss of life and environmental damage. This led to the authors investigate the occurrence and reporting of ship to platform collisions on the UKCS 1971–2017. It was found that there were periodic fluctuations in the occurrence of collision accidents. This research analyses the accident trends in order to determine the whether the fluctuations were a regular occurrence and, if so, what was the cause. 511 ship to platform collision incidents between 1971 and 2017 were subject to analysis, in terms of damage classification, the vessel type, month of occurrence and a comparison of the release of regulations with the fluctuation of incidents. Subsequently, this analysis has identified a key trend between the reporting of offshore collision incidents and the release and enforcement of offshore Safety Case regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frontiers HUMAN CAPITAL How Workplace Safety Improves Performance OSHA’s longest-serving administrator identifies safety approaches that work — and those that don’t. By David Michaels Chasing lower labor costs, most of [...]

Hydrogen and ammonia have emerged as prominent next-generation clean energy sources pivotal for realizing a decarbonized society. However, their adoption has been marred by incidents ranging from leaks to fires, and explosions, underscoring the imperative for heightened safety protocols when utilizing these novel fuels. In light of this, this study scrutinizes Korean laws and regulations to assess the institutional framework governing the safe utilization of hydrogen and ammonia in power plants. Through this examination, four key limitations are identified: hydrogen laws do not comprehensively cover the entire hydrogen business sector, regulations regarding the revised usage of hydrogen and ammonia are either weak or absent, safety assessments in certain laws exclude new fuels, and there is a relaxation in requirements for appointing safety managers. This prompted an expert survey aimed at delineating strategies for improvement. A bespoke questionnaire, tailored to address the shortcomings of current legislation, was administered to 50 experts in the realms of decarbonized fuels or safety. Quantitative analysis of their responses revealed a consensus regarding the elevated risk posed by hydrogen and ammonia compared to conventional fuels, with hydrogen (72) deemed riskier than ammonia (65) and LNG (50). Moreover, a pressing need for bolstering the existing safety legal framework was highlighted. Notably, the survey underscored specific areas requiring attention, ranked in order of priority: the enactment of an Ammonia Act (78), augmentation of qualification requirements for safety managers under the Hydrogen Act (73), reinforcement of regulatory and technical standards, implementation of emergency response drills, classification of ammonia as a Class 4 hazardous material (70), and enhancement of criteria for appointing safety managers (59). Insights gleaned from the expert survey culminated in four improvements geared towards enhancing safety measures. There is a need to enact a stand-alone law specifically for ammonia, to strengthen standards for risk assessment and the appointment of safety managers. Additionally, there is a necessity to expand the scope of safety laws to include prevention and education initiatives, while also attempting to consolidate scattered laws for better coherence and effectiveness. This study advocates for comprehensive safety management systems to be established through extensive research preceding the commercialization of power plants utilizing new fuels. [Display omitted] • Laws governing the use of H 2 and NH 3 are not apace with technological advancement. • Experts ranked H 2 > NH 3 > LNG as posing the highest risks, citing safety concerns. • The criteria for risk assessment and safety manager appointment should be enhanced. • Laws that are scattered across various acts need to be consolidated. • Notably, the demand for ammonia laws was highest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in emergency management presents opportunities to improve crisis response and recovery efforts. However, it also brings forth a range of issues and hurdles that require navigation. This study delves into the implications of implementing AI in emergency management focusing on aspects like bias and discrimination, transparency and clarity, privacy and security data accuracy and accessibility ethical decision-making processes, public trust and acceptance safety measures and regulations among others. By examining real-world instances and potential future scenarios, we shed light on the impacts and moral dilemmas arising from the use of AI during emergencies. The study advocates for crafting frameworks and guidelines while actively engaging the public in governing AI to ensure responsible and efficient utilization of this technology in such a crucial domain. By tackling these challenges head on, we seek to contribute to the conversation about harnessing AI's capabilities, in emergency management while upholding ethical standards and safeguarding the rights and dignity of affected communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at safety regulation in the operation of major infrastructure projects (MIPs) to prevent potential risk loss and adverse social impacts, this research presents a novel model integrating evolutionary game and system dynamics (SD) for optimizing safety regulation strategies with different stakeholders involving the operating company (OC), government section (GS), and public under the bounded rationality, where the evolutionary game theory is applied to describe the interactions among stakeholders in the safety regulation of MIPs followed by simulating through adopting the SD to analyze the effects of different strategies on equilibrium solutions and the stability of game equilibrium. In view of the simulation results based on five scenarios, the dynamic penalty-incentive scenario not only effectively restrains the fluctuations of the strategy selection, but also provides an ideal evolutionary stable strategy, in which the OC could nearly choose to comply with the regulations, while the public could nearly choose to supervise the OC as their optimal strategy to prevent risks. All results indicate that the application of the evolutionary game with the SD model is an effective way to analyze the effects of different strategies and provide effective solutions to study complex multi-player game problems. Overall, this research contributes to developing an evolutionary game with the SD model for the safety regulation of MIPs, which can serve as a platform to identify reasonable regulatory strategies with great practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenal rise of the Internet in recent years, as well as the expansion of capacity in today's networks, have provided both inspiration and incentive for the development of new services that combine phone, video, and text "over IP." Although unicast communications have been prevalent in the past, there is an increasing demand for multicast communications from both Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and content or media providers and distributors. Indeed, multicasting is increasingly being used as a green verbal exchange mechanism for institution-oriented programmers on the Internet, such as video conferencing, interactive college games, video on demand (VoD), TV over the Internet, e-learning, software programme updates, database replication, and broadcasting inventory charges. However, the lack of security within the multicast verbal exchange model prevents the effective and large-scale adoption of such important company multi-celebration activities. This situation prompted a slew of research projects that addressed a variety of issues related to multicast security, including confidentiality, authentication, watermarking, and access control. These issues should be viewed within the context of the safety regulations that work in the specific conditions. For example, in a public inventory charge broadcast, while identification is a vital necessity, secrecy is not. In contrast, video-convention programme requires both identification and confidentiality. This study gives a complete examination and comparison of the issues of group key management. Both network-dependent and network-independent approaches are used. The study also addresses the advantages, disadvantages, and security problems of various protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global transition toward decarbonization and the Paris Agreement's zero-carbon target has led to increased interest in secondary energy sources. Hydrogen, with its high efficiency, cleanliness, and diverse storage forms, has emerged as a promising alternative fuel. However, the flammability and explosiveness of hydrogen pose safety concerns, limiting its widespread development. This study focuses on hydrogen distribution and application safety issues, aiming to identify gaps and propose recommendations. A comprehensive document review of safety standards and best practices was conducted, highlighting the need for tailored RCS and safety measures. The paper focuses on maritime and land-based hydrogen transportation, as well as its application in Hydrogen Refuelling Stations. By analyzing accident cases and existing literature, this research provides insights into the regulatory landscape and suggests measures to enhance safety practices in the hydrogen energy sector. The findings serve as a valuable reference for establishing a robust legal framework to promote the growth and safety of the hydrogen industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like all branches of our economy, also railway transport is based on long-term strategic plans whose aim is to create a transportation policy in order to achieve the most appropriate and equal conditions for all carriers. Coping with safety and hazard prevention must be based mainly on the capabilities of each business entity. The paper points out the issue of employees' work safety in the Slovak Railways company in connection with the European legislation in the field of safety and health protection at work and its implementation into the laws of the Slovak Republic. It also discusses the issues of employees' safety at workplaces and summarizes the duties of employees and employers in the field of health and safety protection in railway transport and deals with the implementation of European legislation into the laws of the Slovak Republic. The paper also analyses the safety of employees in railway transport in the form of a survey, whose aim is to determine the state of employees' safety at workplaces and aims to confirm or refute hypotheses regarding the impact of the quality and effectiveness of internal safety regulations of the Slovak Railways on the safety of employees and also whether the employer implements sufficient measures in order to minimize possible accidents at workplaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Location class is an essential factor in the gas pipeline project because it considers factors such as population density and the number of buildings along the gas pipeline route. As these parameters change, the pipeline operator needs to review the location class, also requiring a possible assessment of changes in allowable pipeline operating pressure. Brazilian regulations related to the safety of pipeline processes are defined in the Onshore Pipeline Technical Regulation and this document indicates the application of the requirements of the ASME B31.8 standard for changing the location class. Although there are preventive and mitigating measures in the ASME B31.8 standard, they are seen as overly conservative. Other international standards have different concepts, with evaluation criteria based on risk analysis. The issue has also been a challenge for other countries, which are reviewing their regulations and developing guidelines for gas pipeline operators. The main objective of this study is to carry out a survey of international practices related to changing the location class of gas pipelines and to propose a criterion based on the best international practices based on risk management, allowing a more comprehensive view of this subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the violation of constitutional freedoms in Turkey through the prevention of access to content and websites. It argues that these provisions restrict freedom of expression and the freedom to work and establish private enterprises, as guaranteed by the Constitution. However, it also acknowledges that there are legitimate aims for these restrictions, such as protecting consumers and maintaining the orderly functioning of markets. The Turkish Constitutional Court has declared certain provisions of the Law on Consumer Protection invalid, as they were found to contravene articles of the Turkish Constitution that protect fundamental rights, freedom of expression, and the freedom to work and establish private enterprises. The Court found that these provisions did not uphold the principle of necessity and did not provide alternative, less restrictive measures. The decision will come into effect nine months after its publication in the Official Gazette. The given text discusses a case before the Turkish Constitutional Court regarding the annulment of certain sentences in the Law on the Protection of Consumers. The sentences in question pertain to penalties for breaching advertising regulations and the authority of the Advertising Board. The Constitutional Court decided to annul some of the sentences and gave Parliament nine months to make a new regulation. The decision is in line with previous judicial practice and emphasizes the importance of proportionality and alternative measures in blocking access to content and websites. The legislature now has the opportunity to revise content removal/blocking provisions or introduce a notification system. [Extracted from the article]

The safety regulations require periodic reviews of the site hazards when operating nuclear power plants. If any indications of Quaternary fault activity are revealed, the fault displacement hazard should be evaluated. Signs of paleo-liquefaction were recently found at the nuclear site of Paks, Hungary, indicating the late-Pleistocene activity of the fault crossing the site. Except for this, there are no historical or instrumental records of earthquakes at the fault, and the micro-seismic and GPS monitoring results do not indicate activity either. Despite a thorough site investigation of over 40 years, the indications are uncertain and insufficient for defining the fault activity, as required for a probabilistic fault displacement hazard analysis. This paper develops and applies a simplified conservative hazard evaluation method of average fault displacement that allows an in-time decision regarding the safety relevance of the hazard. Geometrical simplification is possible since the fault crosses the site. The fault's activity is evaluated using magnitude–frequency relations of the area sources developed for probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. The total probability theorem is applied, and different strike-slip fault scaling relations are considered while calculating the probability of non-zero surface displacement, fault rupture length, and average displacement. The fault displacement hazard curve is defined and compared with earlier studies for the same site. Since the late recognition of active faults cannot be excluded at several operating plant sites, the methodology can be applied in the future beyond a single application for the Paks site in Hungary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the parallels between the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) framework and the regulation of online harms. It highlights the challenges faced by both initiatives due to Western-centric perspectives and values. The R2P framework has been criticized for its Western-centric decision-making processes and inaction in certain conflicts, while current online harms regulation led by Western states may not be applicable or effective in other contexts. The article emphasizes the need for policymakers to consider the experiences and perspectives of all states and avoid imposing Western values on global norms and standards for online harm protection. It also discusses the challenges of defining and translating harms across different states and platforms, leading to exclusion and insecurity for certain societies and individuals. The article calls for a more inclusive and globally-minded approach to online harms regulation that considers diverse perspectives and experiences beyond the Western moral threshold. [Extracted from the article]

This paper evaluates the influence of different variables on drivers' willingness to accept and use a vehicle-mounted perfume automatic dispersal device (VP-ADD) connected to the vehicle's electronic map. Based on the technical acceptance model, we clarify and condense the explanation of the model used to evaluate the impact of user behavior attitudes and device characteristics on six factors, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude towards use, intention to use, perceived playfulness, and perceived risk, proposing eight hypotheses. Then, we assessed the responses of 562 drivers in China using SPSS for reliability and validity and AMOS for structural equation modeling to test our hypotheses. The findings reveal that the perceived usefulness, ease of use, playfulness, and risk significantly affected the willingness to accept and use the VP-ADD. Furthermore, the perceived risk has a negative influence, while the perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived playfulness, and attitude towards use have a positive influence. This research is significant for further development and application of the VP-ADD. It is essential to alleviate driver fatigue, ensure traffic safety, and provide theoretical and empirical support for designing more popular driving assistance devices. Furthermore, it offers valuable insights for developing fatigue driving warning policies, in-vehicle device guidelines, and traffic safety regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourist volcanic caves are in high demand for ecotourism and geotourism lovers, as well as by sun and beach tourists as a complementary activity during their holidays. There are six tourist volcanic caves in the Canary Islands, all of them managed by the local administration of the island. The managers of these caves must ensure the safety of visitors and workers, who are exposed to natural hazards, such as radon, inherent to the environment in which the activity takes place. The methodology for analyzing natural radon radiation is based on the latest studies published by experts in this field and on previous experiences in tourist caves. This article proposes a protocol for the correct management of radon in tourist caves in the Canary Islands, adapted to current regulations, to mitigate effects on the health of visitors and workers. Plain Language Summary: In our study, we explored the popular volcanic caves in the Canary Islands, a hit among those who love ecotourism and geotourism, and also among beachgoers looking for something different to do on their vacation. These six caves, all managed by the island's local authorities, offer a unique adventure but come with their own set of risks, like exposure to radon gas‐a natural hazard in such environments. To keep everyone safe, we delved into the best ways to monitor and manage radon levels, drawing on the latest research and what's been learned from other tourist caves. Our work led to the development of a new plan that fits within current health and safety laws, aimed at reducing any health risks to visitors and staff. This plan is a step forward in making sure that exploring these magnificent caves is not only an unforgettable experience but also a safe one for everyone involved. Key Points: Tourist caves, especially volcanic ones in the Canary Islands, attract many visitors, offering geological and commercial opportunitiesRadon hazards is a major health concern that needs to be considered in the management of underground spaces such as tourist cavesSustainable tourism management requires environmental and cultural responsibility, ensuring the preservation of caves [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since its introduction over two decades ago, the surgical laser has served in the lithotripsy of urinary calculi, resection of bladder tumours, bladder neck incisions, and prostate enucleation. Concerns regarding the safe use of holmium lasers have resulted in potentially excessive and overly precautious theatre regulations. We aimed to evaluate the preconceived impressions and practice patterns at a single site surrounding laser use in endourology. Methods: We designed a three-part online questionnaire that could be accessed using a smart device or computer. This survey was distributed to all theatre staff involved in laser surgery at our single site, including surgical, nursing, and anaesthetic staff of varying seniority. It asked questions regarding holmium laser safety, provided an up-to-date summary of published literature surrounding the safe use of lasers, and finally gave participants further option to alter the answers to several previously encountered questions. Results: A total of 54 theatre staff completed the survey, including 17 theatre nurses (31.5%), 10 urology consultants (18.5%), 8 urology registrars (14.8%), 7 anaesthetic registrars (13%), 4 anaesthetic consultants (7.4%). About 51.9% of participants believed that current laser safety protocols were adequate, with 38.9% finding them excessive. After reading recently published information on laser safety, 22.2% thought current laser safety measures were adequate (57% decrease) and 77.8% found them to be excessive (100% increase). About 74.1% of participants found that laser safety goggles impair their vision and that 79.6% would choose not to wear them if they were optional. Conclusion: Strict laser safety guidelines reflect an overestimated risk associated with using holmium laser in operating theatres. Laser safety regulations should be re-evaluated to align with current research and potential hazards inherent to the device. In doing so, a more effective distribution of staff could enable greater access to laser surgery, thereby reducing patient morbidity and hospital wait times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Road traffic collisions disproportionately impact Ghana and other low- and middle-income countries. This study explored road user perspectives regarding the magnitude, contributing factors, and potential solutions to road traffic collisions, injuries, and deaths. We designed a qualitative study of 24 in-depth interviews with 14 vulnerable road users (pedestrians, occupants of powered 2- and 3-wheelers, cyclists) and ten non-vulnerable road users in four high-risk areas in November 2022. We used a mixed deductive (direct content analysis) and inductive (interpretive phenomenological analysis) approach. In the direct content analysis, a priori categories based on Haddon's Matrix covered human, vehicle, socioeconomic environment, and physical environment factors influencing road traffic collisions, along with corresponding solutions. We used inductive analysis to identify emerging themes. Participants described frequent and distressing experiences with collisions, and most often reported contributing factors, implementation gaps, and potential solutions within the human (road user) level domain of Haddon's Matrix. Implementation challenges included sporadic enforcement, reliance on road users' adherence to safety laws, and the low quality of the existing infrastructure. Participants expressed that they felt neglected and ignored by road safety decision-makers. This research emphasizes the need for community input for successful road safety policies in Ghana and other low- and middle-income countries, calling for greater governmental support an action to address this public health crisis. We recommend the government collaborates with communities to adapt existing interventions including speed calming, footbridges, and police enforcement, and introduces new measures that meet local needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]