Search

Host manipulation is a common strategy of parasites with complex life cycles. It directly affects predator–prey dynamics in trophically transmitted parasites. Theoretical studies suggest that predation‐enhancing manipulation often decimates the prey population, making parasites prone to extinction. Host manipulation, however, can also reduce predation due to conflicting interests when multiple parasites infect a host, which is often neglected in theoretical studies. Misaligned interests of coinfecting parasites can occur due to limited carrying capacity or parasitoid developmental stage. Including this realistic complexity in a mathematical model, the results depart from previous studies substantially. We show that coinfecting multi‐trophic parasites can preserve the predator–prey system and themselves through manipulation and reproduction parameters. Our study highlights the necessity of and provides the means for incorporating the reality of multiple parasites and their multi‐trophic life cycles into the theory of parasite ecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Drawing upon the conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study aims to examine whether ego depletion mediates the relationship between negative workplace gossip and employees' service sabotage behavior and whether psychological resilience moderates the relationship between negative workplace gossip and service sabotage behavior through the mediator of ego depletion among hotel frontline employees and their colleagues. Design/methodology/approach: A paired sample was collected at three-time points from employees and their colleagues working in hotels in Guizhou province, China. The PROCESS macro for SPSS was applied to examine the moderated mediation model. Findings: The results showed that negative workplace gossip has a positive effect on employee service sabotage behavior, and that ego depletion mediates the relationship between negative workplace gossip and employee service sabotage behavior. Psychological resilience weakens the relationship between negative workplace gossip and ego depletion, as well as the indirect effect of negative workplace gossip on employee service sabotage behavior through ego depletion. Originality/value: The present research provides a thorough understanding of when and how negative workplace gossip influences employee service sabotage behavior in the hospitality industry. The findings of this moderated mediation relationship expanded the boundary conditions of negative workplace gossip and employee service sabotage behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Before the outbreak of WWII, the British Army began training 'Independent Companies' at Lochailort in the Scottish Highlands. They were used in guerrilla-style operations in Norway between April and May 1940, and formed the nucleus of modern commando units. The Special Operations Executive (SOE) was formed to coordinate overseas subversive activities which were also extended to the Dominions. This resulted in Military Mission 104 being sent to Australia and New Zealand and established the training area in the rugged terrain of Tidal River at Wilson's Promontory in southeast Victoria. The first intake to No 7 Infantry Training Centre commenced on 24 March 1941 for a gruelling course in raiding techniques, sabotage and guerrilla warfare. In total eight Australian and two New Zealand companies were trained here. The trained personnel were subsequently deployed in the South Pacific, Singapore, Malaya (Malaysia) and Burma (Myanmar). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capitalism is a social order that evolves over time. While market exchange, private property, and the profit motive are generic features of capitalist systems, studies of contemporary capitalism aim to highlight what is specific about capitalism today. In this article, we develop the concept of monetary sabotage to pinpoint a phenomenon that has become more pronounced in recent decades, but which has not been sufficiently elaborated so far. Monetary sabotage refers to the utilization and, eventually, manipulation of the monetary infrastructure for private profit, creating instability and perpetuating inequality. Drawing on old institutionalism, with its emphasis on law, and articulating it with contemporary theories of credit and insights from the sociology of money, our analysis highlights the evolution of incorporate and intangible property as premises for financial profit-making at the expense of the public. This institutionalist approach adds new insights to the prevailing financialization literature and complements other critical perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Gulf of Guinea piracy apart from its threat to maritime security also has serious economic cost implications for states in the area. States have lost huge revenue due to distortions in the usual pattern of trade, and sabotage of oil facilities by petro-pirates and also incurred other direct and indirect cost as result of maritime piracy. This paper analysis the direct and indirect cost of piracy in the Gulf of Guinea with a view to explaining in quantitative terms the economic cost if piracy to states in the Gulf of Guinea area. The study is a qualitative study which involved the use of primary and secondary sources of data. Quantitative data used in the study were extracted from the report of some organizations and institutions that are concerned with maritime piracy and other crimes such as the Ocean Beyond Piracy, International Maritime Bureau, UNODC, UNSC, IMO etc. the study from its findings summit that maritime piracy in the Gulf of Guinea come at a great economic cost to the States in the Gulf of Guinea. the study recommends for grater regional counterpiracy collaborations so as to reverse the economic cost that piracy has foisted in states in the Gulf of Guinea area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crowdsourcing has evolved as an organizational approach to distributed problem solving and innovation. As contests are embedded in online communities and evaluation rights are assigned to the crowd, community members face a tension: They find themselves exposed to both competitive motives to win the contest prize and collaborative participation motives in the community. The competitive motive suggests they may evaluate rivals strategically according to their self-interest, the collaborative motive suggests they may evaluate their peers truthfully according to mutual interest. Using field data from Threadless on 38 million peer evaluations of more than 150,000 submissions across 75,000 individuals over 10 years and two natural experiments to rule out alternative explanations, we answer the question of how community members resolve this tension. We show that as their skill level increases, they become increasingly competitive and shift from using self-promotion to sabotaging their closest competitors. However, we also find signs of collaborative behavior when high-skilled members show leniency toward those community members who do not directly threaten their chance of winning. We explain how the individual-level use of strategic evaluations translates into important organizational-level outcomes by affecting the community structure through individuals' long-term participation. Although low-skill targets of sabotage are less likely to participate in future contests, high-skill targets are more likely. This suggests a feedback loop between competitive evaluation behavior and future participation. These findings have important implications for the literature on crowdsourcing design, and the evolution and sustainability of crowdsourcing communities. Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant IIS-1514283] and the U.S. Office of Naval Research [Grant N00014-17-1-2542]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.15163. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates a two-player contest with a multiplicative sabotage effect, showing it can be converted into a standard Tullock contest with a nonlinear, endogenous cost function. We prove the existence and uniqueness of a pure strategy equilibrium. Our findings suggest that sabotage activities can be more pronounced when the productivity difference between players is small, and the more productive player might not necessarily undergo more attacks. Lazear and Rosen (1981) first-best outcome is attainable for symmetric players if sabotage is sufficiently ineffective or costly. When it is unattainable, optimal pay difference induces positive sabotage only if sabotage is ineffective but relatively inexpensive. Optimal pay difference decreases with effectiveness and increases with the marginal cost of destructive effort, exhibiting a non-monotonic relationship with productive-effort effectiveness. This non-monotonicity contrasts with the monotonicity of the first best pay difference when sabotage is infeasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The article examines the activities of the Yevpatoria underground organization during the Great Patriotic War. In Russian historiography, the underground of the Crimea, especially the city of Yevpatoria, remains a little-studied topic so far.Materials and Methods. The article, based on previously unpublished sources from the funds of the State Archive of the Republic of Crimea (GARK), the archive of Sevastopol (AGS), the archive of Yevpatoria (MBU AGE), the Yevpatoria Museum of Local Lore (MBU ECM), debunks the myth of the insignificant contribution of the Yevpatorian patriots to the defeat of the German-Romanian occupiers of Crimea. The research was carried out on the basis of general scientific and special scientific methods. Using the comparative historical method, the author examines the establishment and activities of the Yevpatoria underground organization in 1942–1944 in the context of the key events of the Great Patriotic War. The methods of systemic and diachronic analysis make it possible to identify patterns and features of the activities of underground workers in Yevpatoria. The static method helps to investigate the size and composition of the Yevpatoria underground organization, to assess the damage it caused to the occupiers. The biographies of the leaders of the Yevpatoria underground are reconstructed using the biographical method: F. A. Pavlov, Ya. Tsypkin, M. D. Glushko, etc. The comparative method makes it possible to identify common and distinctive features in the strategy and tactics of the Yevpatorian underground fighters and the Crimean partisans.Analysis. The article examines the reasons for the creation of the Yevpatoria underground organization, analyzes its composition, forms and methods of anti-fascist struggle. Based on a wide range of documents introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, the author not only shows the selfless feat and assistance of the Yevpatoria underground workers of the Red Army in liberating the city from invaders, but also notes mistakes and miscalculations in the actions of the underground patriotic organization. Results. Based on the results of the study, a conclusion is drawn about militant activity of the Yevpatoria underground organization in 1942-1944. The role of F. A. Pavlov and the Crimean Regional Committee of the CPSU (b) in the creation and activities of this organization was analyzed, its structure was studied, which included eight groups, among which the divisions of F. A. Pavlov, E. P. Rusina and A. S. Chepurny stood out. The errors and miscalculations made by F. A. Pavlov, the coordinator of the Yevpatoria underground, are outlined, the contribution of the underground sabotage group “Explosion”, which together with the A. S. Chepurny division set a course for an anti-fascist uprising in Yevpatoria, is considered. The contacts of underground activists with the command of the 4th Ukrainian Front, the preparation and organization of the uprising on April 11-13, 1944 are analyzed.

This essay takes, as its starting point, Andreas Malm's effort, in How to Blow Up a Pipeline: Learning to Fight in a World on Fire , to legitimize and normalize property destruction in the context of the climate movement. The sabotage of energy infrastructures, I counter, cannot make sense, for it poses a threat to coherence, removing without replacing the material and discursive conditions that grant the climate movement its meaning and purpose within late capitalism and late liberalism. Recent protests entailing the defacement of paintings share with ecocriticism an investment in an essentially liberal, pedagogical and moral covenant, one that urges witnesses to undergo an individual process of reflection in order to acquire or affirm values and priorities friendlier to the environment. Sabotage, by contrast, violates this covenant; blowing up a pipeline may be said to have met its goals by reducing and slowing the supply of oil, regardless of what the public learned from sabotage's mediatization. Drawing on psychoanalytic accounts of aesthetic education, I argue that sabotage introduces absurdity into a category—action—that the climate movement otherwise insists is self-identical. Sabotage does this by subtracting the world wherein putatively future-bound actions, including having and raising a child, mean what they do. I test out this claim in a reading of Nell Zink's novel The Wallcreeper and Benedikt Erlingsson's film Woman at War (Kona fer í stríð), two absurdist comedies that formally amplify the semiotic crisis induced by sabotage and, in so doing, enable us to confront the necessary dislocation of politics from sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Unplanned events such as accidents and more massive black-swan events are contingent to modern technology. However, varying approaches and inconsistent guidelines make the inclusion of unplanned events in life cycle assessment (LCA) uncommon and challenging. This paper discusses the relevance of considering unplanned events in LCA and shows how they can be included in LCA practice. Method: A theoretical background to the concepts of black swans, accidents, and unplanned events is first provided. We then propose a method for how unplanned events can be included in LCA practice, illustrated through three cases: (i) a sabotage in the energy system, (ii) an accident in the use phase, and (iii) a sudden policy change. Results: The results show that unplanned events can be included and may significantly affect LCA results, sometimes even fulfilling criteria for black-swan events. Conclusions: We suggest that unplanned events should be included in LCA when relevant, e.g. as one scenario in LCAs of product systems sensitive to accidents. We also suggest that changes in flows due to unplanned events should be considered in unit processes, so that their impacts become distributed across downstream product systems depending on demand for the unit-process output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 19th-century Spain the demands of the working-class movement were not limited to factory workers in the industrialized centers. The peons too laboring under miserable conditions on the large estates in southern Spain began to develop a class consciousness and claim political visibility and better working conditions. In many cases they resorted to drastic measures due to their landlords' adversarial attitude: the armed plunder of crops devastation of fields and death threats against their exploiters. This article analyzes the representation of these peasant uprisings in factual and fictional artifacts of the second half of the 19th century understanding them as indices of a conflicted negotiation of conviviality at the time. Using Vicente Blasco Ibáñez's 1905 novel La bodega as example it considers bourgeois nightmare scenarios of a complot of uncivilized menacing masses as well as anarchist and socialist visions of a classless society created by direct action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on an analysis of judgments on the motion for issuance of an injunction order against strike pickets rendered by the Quebec Superior Court between 2002 and 2023, this article shows that it has been extremely rare for judges to note serious acts of violence, such as beatings, injuries and dangerous acts of vandalism. On the other hand, a threatening look, the appearance or risk of any nuisance can always be qualified by the Court as intimidation, a threat, violence, a wrongful act, irreparable harm, and can justify limiting the right to picket in its simplest form of expression. We then defend the hypothesis that these orders granted in an almost mechanical manner are totally disproportionate, that they sanction workers in an indiscriminate and preventive manner, to the point of undermining the very essence of the right to picket, and this, in violation of the rights to freedom of expression and peaceful assembly of workers recognized by the Supreme Court. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I argue for the conditions that eco-sabotage (sabotage involving the protection of animals or the environment) must meet to be a morally permissible form of activism in a liberal democracy. I illustrate my case with Jessica Reznicek and Ruby Montoya's oil pipeline destruction, the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society's whale hunt sabotage, and the Valve Turners' pipeline shut-off, climate necessity-defense. My primary contention is that just as it is permissible to destroy an attacker's weapon in self- or other-defense, it is permissible to engage in some forms of eco-sabotage. Taking inspiration from just war theory, I use the conditions of just cause, reasonable chance of success, proportionality, necessity, and discrimination to both conceptualize eco-sabotage as defense and illustrate the justificatory burden the eco-saboteur must meet. Often eco-sabotage is doubly pro-tanto wrong because it is illegal and involves property destruction. Overcoming these hurdles is particularly difficult because in seemingly bypassing democratic means of dispute resolution, the eco-saboteur seemingly coerces the other members of society by forcing idiosyncratic views upon them. Non-anthropocentric eco-sabotage grounded in defense of animal rights has mixed results regarding the democratic objection just described. I argue that anthropocentric eco-sabotage, grounded in defense of human rights, has the best chance of overcoming this objection, provided a persuasive case can be made for its reasonable chance of success. Passing a reasonable chance of success also causes problems for non-anthropocentric eco-sabotage grounded in species defense, while non-anthropocentric eco-sabotage grounded in defense against animal suffering has a lighter justificatory burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It was just four days after the botched, amateurish and poorly executed sabotage attack on the anti-Soviet and anti-Semitic 'Soviet Paradise' mass exhibition in Berlin's Lustgarten (18 May 1942) that the Gestapo began arresting members of the Herbert Baum group. Resistance historiography has basically ignored the important role that resistance-Gestapo interaction has played within Nazi Germany. This article uses Robert Gellately's important 1991 essay as a starting point in order to begin correcting that omission. Post-war interrogation reports and other primary source material on leading Gestapo figures provide insights into Gestapo interactions with and attitudes towards the German resistance. Primary sources are interpreted in order to recreate an interrogation session at the hands of the Gestapo. Torture methods used by the Gestapo on Baum group members are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Federated learning (FL) involves joint model training by various devices while preserving the privacy of their data. However, it presents a challenge of dealing with heterogeneous data located on participating devices. This issue can further be complicated by the appearance of malicious clients, aiming to sabotage the training process by poisoning local data. In this context, a problem of differentiating between poisoned and non-identically-independently-distributed (non-IID) data appears. To address it, a technique utilizing data-free synthetic data generation is proposed, using a reverse concept of adversarial attack. Adversarial inputs allow for improving the training process by measuring clients' coherence and favoring trustworthy participants. Experimental results, obtained from the image classification tasks for MNIST, EMNIST, and CIFAR-10 datasets are reported and analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The West is experiencing the most intense era of sabotage since the Second World War. Russian operations have now reached unprecedented levels. It seems that the main aim of this latest wave is to increase the West's costs of supporting Ukraine, while at the same time slowing the delivery of military supplies. Daniela Richterova, Elena Grossfeld, Magda Long and Patrick Bury suggest a new conceptual approach for understanding the recent evolution of Russian sabotage operations. Russian operations are increasingly organised around 'gig-economy' principles. This article offers suggestions for countering Russian sabotage in this new era.◼ [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Envy has garnered considerable attention in hospitality since emotions are crucial in understanding how individuals behave within an organization. However, research has failed to establish a link between envy and psychological detachment in coastline hotels. Our study investigates the effect of coworker envy on service sabotage through psychological detachment as a mediating factor and perceived employability and self-performance as moderators. Data were collected from 637 employees at three-star coastline hotels using a time-lagged approach. The SmartPLS results revealed that psychological detachment was partially mediated. Finally, employee performance strengthened the positive connection between psychological detachment and service sabotage conduct. Our study offers academics and hotel industry professionals significant insights into the coastal hotel sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Attitudes of different VRU Groups towards AVs in urban traffic were studied. • Interaction with AVs and AVs in mixed traffic with CVs was explored. • Some VRUs are concerned that mixed traffic could lead to more aggression from human drivers and make traffic participation more complex. • VRUs share similar evaluations, intentions, and AV requirements in urban traffic. • VRUs want AV identification, explicit communication, and strict traffic rules. In today's urban traffic, vulnerable road users (VRUs) have a somewhat ambivalent relationship with human drivers. The introduction of automated vehicles (AVs) that are no longer controlled by such human drivers could impact this relationship, both in positive and negative ways. Five focus groups (pedestrians, cyclists, e-scooter riders, individuals with walking disabilities, and older adults) were conducted to investigate how different VRUs evaluate the participation of AVs in urban traffic and whether they hold specific requirements or concerns. The discussions focused on exploring potential interactions with AVs and the effects of mixed traffic scenarios (encompassing AVs and conventional vehicles (CVs)) on the well-being of VRUs in urban traffic. The results revealed that the concerns and expectations about AVs in urban traffic were quite similar among the various VRU groups. Regarding their interaction with AVs, participants expressed advantages (e.g., eliminating human errors) and disadvantages (e.g., lack of communication possibilities). In the context of mixed traffic, especially cyclists and individuals with walking disabilities feared aggressive behavior from CVs taking advantage of rule-abiding AVs. They also saw the risk of increasing complexity in mixed urban traffic, as AVs are likely to behave differently from CVs. In addition to the increased caution described by most VRUs, a few participants could imagine taking advantage of the defensive driving style of AVs. The cyclist group discussed the possibility of sabotaging AVs to make a general statement against cars in urban traffic. Furthermore, essential requirements were gathered for vehicle manufacturers (e.g., external Human-Machine Interfaces) and policies (e.g., stringent regulation enforcement for car traffic in the city) that could enable successful coexistence between VRUs and AVs in urban traffic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ayer: Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Asociacion de Historia Contemporanea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This life history account illustrates the covert politics of sabotage, purging, and the defeat of defecting and rival factions that occurred within the United Farm Workers in Texas. I draw on Robert Michels’ framework of competing leadership to illustrate the mechanisms established leadership can use to sabotage, purge, and the eliminate rival leaders, in particular maverick and threatening leaders. This case study draws on the history of the Texas Farm Workers Union, led by Antonio Orendain in the 1970s, and its conflict with the United Farm Workers led by Cesar Chavez. I argue that Orendain’s maverick leadership and independent union activity led the UFW leadership to 1) actively block resources such as money and supplies to Orendain, 2) leverage political connections to blacklist Orendain’s campaign for collective bargaining, and 3) write Orendain out of the UFW narrative and memory in Texas. These moments provide an opportunity to reveal the covert and complex politics of controlling the direction, resources, and objectives of labour movements. Moreover, this paper also seeks to document the organizing career of one of the founders of the UFW who earned the moniker ‘The Cesar Chavez of Texas’. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

European policymakers have identified the need to understand influence operations on social media, cyber-attacks or hidden economic investments – activities that can be characterised as hybrid threats or hybrid warfare. Yet, the difference between hybrid threats and hybrid warfare is unclear. In 2019, Mikael Wigell therefore coined the term "hybrid interference" to clarify the distinction between "hybrid warfare" and "hybrid threats". However, less attention has been given to the activities hybrid interference may consist of. To address this gap we have used a morphological analysis, which is a structured tool for analysis that addresses all aspects of a concept. Through this method, we propose categories that make more sense of the complex phenomenon of hybrid interference. These five categories are international politics, coercive diplomacy, priming, covert coercion, and sabotage and assassinations. This article also identifies problems with referring to activities in the category of international politics as hybrid interference activities. The result is novel because we place all combinations of tools and methods within the concept of hybrid interferences in one of the five above-mentioned categories, and as such have provided a detailed operationalising of the concept in a transparent manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Based on social cognitive theory, this study aims to explore the influence of supervisor bottom-line mentality (SBLM) on employee knowledge behavior (knowledge territorial behavior and knowledge sabotage behavior). The study first investigates the role of an ethical decision-making mechanism (moral disengagement) in mediating this relationship. In addition, it considers the possible boundary conditions to supplement research on the influence of SBLM in the knowledge management field. Design/methodology/approach: The authors collected 256 data points from employees across three stages using convenience sampling. The authors then tested the proposed hypothesis using hierarchical regression and bootstrap methods. Findings: The results demonstrated that SBLM promotes employees' moral disengagement, leading to more knowledge territorial behavior and knowledge sabotage behavior. Furthermore, high power distance orientation among employees exacerbates the ill effects of SBLM according to the first stage of a moderated mediation model. Employees with such an orientation are more likely to respond to a SBLM by exhibiting a higher level of moral disengagement, thus increasing their knowledge territorial behavior and knowledge sabotage behavior. Originality/value: Research on the influence of SBLM in the knowledge management field is limited. This study not only clarifies the relationships between SBLM and two types of knowledge behavior (knowledge territorial behavior and knowledge sabotage behavior) but also enriches the research on the antecedents of these two types of knowledge behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Many firms use relative stock performance to evaluate and incentivize their CEOs. We document that such firms routinely disclose information that harms their peers' stock prices, and sometimes explicitly mention the harmed peers, by name, in these disclosures. Consistent with deliberate sabotage, peer‐harming disclosures appear to be aimed at peers whose stock price depressions are most likely to benefit the disclosing firms' CEOs. The pricing effect of these disclosures does not reverse, suggesting that the disclosures contain legitimate information regarding peers' prospects. In sum, our results suggest that relative performance evaluation in CEO pay motivates CEOs to internalize the externalities of their disclosures, and strategically disclose information that harms peers' stock prices, in order to improve their firms' relative standing within their peer group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil spillage is common in oil-producing communities of Nigeria, and it impacts negatively on the residents of these communities. This study analysed available research data on oil spillage incidents in these communities to determine their main causes and impacts on the residents. This study highlights the immediate and long-term consequences of oil spills on residents of oil-host communities in Nigeria. A systematic review of published studies was carried out, and 22 studies were identified from the literature search. The main causes of oil spills were identified as sabotage (87%), leakage from corroded pipelines (62%), and equipment failure (45%). Others were mystery spills and operational failures. Unemployment, abject poverty, marginalization, and inaction of government regulatory agencies are enabling factors for sabotage and vandalism of oil pipelines. It was found that exposure to oil spills impacts directly and indirectly on residents of oil-host communities, with accompanying health, socioeconomic, and environmental implications. Oil spills in these communities impact on all facets of their life, thereby infringing on their rights to existence and survival. The major interventions were targeted at improving health services, education, infrastructure, skill acquisition, and employment. These in turn reduced the occurrence of violence, insurgency, and human trafficking in the oil-producing communities. It is recommended that government regulatory agencies should be revamped and repositioned to effectively perform their duties. Interventions should be targeted at addressing the causes of agitation by indigenes by involving them in the decision-making process. Also, appropriate remediation strategies should be adopted to clean up the oil spills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the negative interpersonal antecedents, emotional mediators and boundary conditions of knowledge sabotage behavior. Design/methodology/approach: The authors collected data from 275 Chinese employees using convenience sampling and snowball sampling across three stages. Subsequently, the authors used both hierarchical regression and bootstrap methods to test the proposed hypotheses. Findings: The results confirmed that workplace ostracism has positive effects on employee knowledge sabotage behavior both directly and via employee anger. In addition, the authors found that employee bottom-line mentality (BLM) moderates not only the direct effect of workplace ostracism on employee anger but also the indirect effect of employee anger in this context. Employee conscientiousness moderates only the direct effect of workplace ostracism on employee anger and does not moderate the indirect effect. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study not only explores the influence of workplace ostracism on employee knowledge sabotage behavior for the first time but also elucidates the underlying emotional mechanisms (anger) and boundary conditions (employee BLM and conscientiousness) by which workplace ostracism influences employee knowledge sabotage behavior, thus deepening the understanding of how knowledge sabotage emerges in organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Drawing on the microfoundations theory and rational choice sociology, this study aims to investigate knowledge-sharing microfoundations through knowledge sabotage behaviours in the workplace. As such, it aims to shed light on the adverse impact of knowledge sabotage on a knowledge-sharing climate. Design/methodology/approach: As a quantitative deductive study, it is based on information collected from 329 employees of European companies by self-administered online surveys. Data validity and reliability has been assessed through a confirmatory factor analysis, and data analysis was carried out by using a covariance-based structural equation modelling technique. Findings: The findings from the empirical investigation supported the baseline hypotheses of the multilevel conceptual model, which is the positive relationship between organizational trust and environmental knowledge sharing. Then, recurring to a microfoundational exploration, this study supports the mediating indirect effect of job satisfaction and knowledge sabotage in affecting knowledge sharing as a social outcome. Research limitations/implications: This study concurs to broaden knowledge-sharing awareness among scholars and practitioners, by focusing on knowledge sabotage as its most pernicious counterproductive behaviour. Furthermore, this research provides valuable guidance for the future development of research based on multilevel investigations. Originality/value: This study builds on the need to explore the numerous factors that affect knowledge sharing in economic organizations, specifically focusing on knowledge sabotage. Adapting Coleman's bathtub, the authors advance the first multilevel conceptual model used to unveil the knowledge-sharing microfoundations from the perspective of a counterproductive knowledge behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study explores the moderated mediation effect, wherein collective mindfulness attenuates the hypothesised relationship between customer incivility, service sabotage and psychological well-being and is supported by the conservation of resources (COR) theory. Design/methodology/approach: Multiwave and multisource data were collected from 315 frontline employees (FLEs) working in 32 Indian bank branches. Using HLM 7.00, the authors tested a multilevel model in which branch-level collective mindfulness moderated the association amongst individual-level customer incivility, psychological well-being and service sabotage. Findings: A higher level of collective mindfulness had a profound cross-level effect on the association between customer incivility and service sabotage through psychological well-being. Originality/value: Distinct from prior research that focussed on individuals' personal resources as a buffer against customer incivility, the authors' study identified branch-level collective mindfulness as a boundary condition that helps employees experiencing customer incivility decrease service sabotage. By uncovering a branch-level variable that reduces the negative impact of customer incivility on service sabotage, the authors' study offers valuable insights for banks to enhance customer service at their branches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nematodes do not merely siphon off plant resources but also sabotage the plant's mutualistic relationships with beneficial microbes. Yang and colleagues elegantly elucidated this generalizable molecular antagonism, revealing how Heterodera glycines , the notorious soybean cyst nematode (SCN), suppresses beneficial microbial symbiosis through a specific chitinase, HgCht2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Russia is systematically mapping critical infrastructure in the North and Baltic Seas. These activities are intended to unsettle NATO countries and prepare the ground for possible sabotage. The problem is that the international law of the sea does not provide coastal States with clear authority to prevent the collection of intelligence on maritime infrastructure within their Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ s). This article argues that coastal States must nevertheless be able to exercise their sovereign rights with respect to the exploration and exploitation of the EEZ and continental shelf. Consequently, they must be allowed to take the necessary measures to protect the infrastructure serving the exercise of those sovereign rights. This argument could help to establish a legal basis for countering Russian mapping operations in the EEZ s and on the continental shelves of coastal States in the North and Baltic Seas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study mainly focused on how and why an exploitative leader influences service sabotage via new underlying mechanism, such as distress/boundary condition and procedural/distributive justice by using the COR theory. A time-tagged strategy for the data collection from multiple sources are used. This study demonstrated that procedural and distributive justice attenuates the detrimental effects of exploitative leaders on service sabotage via psychological distress. This study enhances the current research by addressing these critical challenges, and it generates unique insights that can be used by organizational justice practitioners to mitigate the adverse effects of exploitative leaders on their organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While Paradiplomacy has received substantial scholarly attention in recent decades, less attention has been given to its antithetical dynamic: counter-paradiplomacy (CPD). This paper fills this gap by providing a comprehensive scrutiny of states' reactive policies against subnational diplomatic engagement. We use a typological analysis to differentiate between various forms of CPD, which is impacted by both the nature of the actors involved and the power asymmetries between them. Each typology is illustrated with contemporary cases that highlight these different forms of frictional interactions between states and subnational actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the phenomenon of knowledge transfer between employees and coworkers. That is, when and why employees engage in knowledge seeking or knowledge sabotage when confronted with coworkers with higher relative overqualification. Design/methodology/approach: This study collected survey data from 315 employee-coworker pairs in East China at three-time points. Findings: The results showed that when the cooperative goal interdependence between employee and coworker is high, the perception of coworker's relative overqualification will cause benign envy of employees, which in turn promote employees to engage in knowledge seeking from coworker. However, when the competitive goal interdependence between employee and coworker is high, the perception of coworker's relative overqualification will cause malicious envy of employees, which in turn promote employees to engage in knowledge sabotage toward coworker. Originality/value: This research not only expands the theoretical perspective and outcomes of relative overqualification but also enriches the mechanism of knowledge seeking and knowledge sabotage. Meanwhile, this study also provides practical guidance for enterprises to reduce knowledge sabotage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Alauddin Law Development Journal is the property of Alauddin Law Development Journal (ALDEV) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article explores the experiences of Black individuals within carceral internal colonies, examining the concept of the "blue gaze," the state of exception, and racialized policing. It delves into the oppressive infrastructure and physical environment that perpetuate feelings of inferiority, suffering, and imminent danger among Black communities. It highlights the systemic sabotage perpetrated by the state, resulting in profound trauma for those living within these spaces.

The article analyzes the historical experience of organizing official activities of the gendarmerie police department of the Finnish Railways during the First World War. The study highlights the specifics of the Grand Duchy of Finland as national outskirts which largely influenced the work of the railway police of the Russian Empire in wartime. Based on the analysis of the body of archival documents, there are determined the main measures implemented by gendarmes to ensure the stable functioning of the railways of the Grand Duchy of Finland, to prevent damage and destruction of infrastructure facilities. Particular attention is paid to the prevention of subversive and espionage activities. There are shown the features of conducting counterintelligence activities by railway gendarmes at border stations and in the hinterlands of Finland. Some of the enemy's approaches to training and sending people to the Russian Empire in order to obtain military information are revealed. The consideration of the factors of the political situation in the Grand Duchy of Finland and the variety of tasks performed by railway gendarmes in wartime made it possible to conclude that their activities on the railroads of the national outskirts were of great strategic importance.

Knowledge sabotage is alarmingly widespread in the workplace, resulting in detrimental consequences for the victim, organization, and other stakeholders. However, there is a dearth of empirical research on this phenomenon's predisposing and inhibiting factors. Against this backdrop, the current study developed and tested a model in which dispositional greed and cutting corners at work were considered predisposing factors. At the same time, ethical leadership was regarded as an inhibitor. Data were collected in three waves, with a time lag of three weeks intervals, from 322 full-time employees in various organizations spanning different sectors in Nigeria. The measurement and structural models of the study were analyzed with partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results revealed that dispositional greed was positively related to cutting corners at work but not knowledge sabotage. Cutting corners at work and ethical leadership had positive and negative relationships with knowledge sabotage, respectively. Whereas cutting corners at work mediated the positive relationship between dispositional greed and knowledge sabotage, ethical leadership did not moderate the relationship between cutting corners at work and knowledge sabotage. Regarding implications of the findings, management can ensure that unnecessary bureaucratic bottlenecks that drastically slowdown work processes and stringent deadlines that make employees want to take shortcuts to save time are reduced if not completely eradicated. Organizations should also devise specific strategies to ensure that leaders adopt ethical leadership by, for example, making ethical leadership the reference criterion for selecting and evaluating leaders' performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transnistria is a pro-Russian region situated in the East of the Republic of Moldova, sandwiched between Chisinau and Ukraine. It is attracted by Moscow, Kyiv, Chisinau, and other capitals. In peacetime, the unhurried negotiation process was quite satisfactory for all interested parties. In the context of the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine, Transnistria becomes a factor that causes concern and sometimes irritation among many politicians and military personnel. In Kyiv, there are some fears that military sabotage in the direction of Odesa is possible from Transnistria. On the other hand, proposals are being made to take control of the region, thereby inflicting a significant military, political, and image defeat on Russia. In Chisinau, plans for the country's reintegration under the new conditions are discussed. But at the same time, they would like to avoid unjustified risks. In Tiraspol, they watch everything that is happening with alarm and apprehension. And they do not lose hope that in the event of an escalation of the situation, Moscow will provide Transnistria with assistance and support. All these circumstances force Russia to keep the situation under constant control to react at the right moment to any changes in the situation around Transnistria. The situation is extremely complicated and at any moment can move from a calm phase to a fast development of events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a new methodological approach to Ekomo, a novel written by the Guinean-Ecuadorian author María Nsue. Based on the notion of criticism as sabotage (Asensi, 2011) in dialogue with postcolonial and feminist theories, the article argues that the materiality of the signifier in the novel not only reflects the colonial and patriarchal world model of the polysystem to which it belongs, but also builds the possibilities of feminist sabotage to the hegemonic ideological model from that same plane of expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]