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1. Alterações dos biomarcadores da inflamação no líquido de Lavagem Broncoalveolar e Mucosa Brônquica de individuos saudáveis expostos a 0.2 PPM de Ozono.

Author

M.T. Krishna, J. Madden, L.M. Teran, G.L. Biscione, L.C.K. Lau, N.J. Withers, T. Sandstrom, I. Mudway, F.J. Kelly, A. Walls, A.J. Frew, and S.T. Holgate

Subjects
Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

RESUMO: A exposição de curta duração a elevados níveis de ozona no ar ambiente induzem um aumento de neutrófilos e alteração da função pulmonar em indivíduos saudáveis (1,9).Com o objectivo de investigar os mecanismos que contribuem para o recrutamento de neutrófilos e de analisar o papel das células T na resposta inflamatória aguda, os autores expuseram 12 individuos saudáveis não fumadores, a 0.2 partes por milhão (ppm) de ozono e ar filtrado em dois periodos separados por duas horas de intervalo com fases intermitentes de repouso e exercício (ventilação minuto=30 L.min-1). Foi realizada broncofibroscopia 6 horas após terminar a exposição.No líquido de lavagem broncoalveolar (BAL), foi feita a contagem celular total e diferencial e determinadas as proteinas totais, triptase, mieloperoxidase, interleucina (IL)-8 e factor de crescimento relacionado como oncogene-alfa (Gro-α). Foi também realizada citometria de fluxo nas células do BAL para estudar o total de células T, os receptores das células T (αβ e γδ), as subpopulações de células T (CD4+ e CD8+) e as células T activadas (CD25+), Nas biópsias brônquicas, foram quantificados por imunohistoquímica, neutrófilos, mastocitos, número total de células T, células TCD4+, CD8+, CD25+, moléculas de adesão endotelial incluindo selectina-P, selectina-E, molécula de adesão intercelular (ICAM)-1 e molécula de adesao vascular (VCAM)-1.Foram realizados broncofibroscopia e BAL em 9 individuos. Após a exposição ao ozono, verificouse no líquido de BAL um aumento na proporção de neutrófilos polimorfonucleados (PMNs) (p=0.07) e células epiteliais (p=0.05). Verificou-se também um aumento das concentrações de IL-8 (p=0.01), Gro-α (p=0.05) e proteina total (p=0.058).Foi demonstrada uma correlação fortemente positiva entre as duas citocinas e a proporção de PMNs no liquido de BAL. Após a exposição ao ozona, houve um decréscimo significativo na relação CD4/CD8 (p=0.05) e na proporção de células T activadas CD4+ (p=0,01) e CD8+ (p=0.04). Contudo, nao se demonstraram alterações significativas nos marcadores de inflamação estudados nas biópsias brônquicas (1,2).A exposição de curta duração a 0.2 ppm de ozono em individuos saudáveis induz um influxo de neutrófilos nas vias aéreas periféricas 6 horas após a exposição, não havendo aparentemente resposta inflamatória nas vias aéreas proximais. Esta resposta parece ser mediada pelo menos em parte pela interleucina-8 e factor de crescimento relacionado com o oncogene α. Palavras-chave: Liquido de lavagem bronco-alveolar, inflamação, marcadores, ozona

Published
1998
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4. The Roles of Cells and Mediators in a Computer Model of Chronic Asthma

Author

C.L. Stokes, T. Paterson, A.K. Lewis, C.C. Leong, Nadine Defranoux, and S.T. Holgate

Subjects
Allergy, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology, General Medicine, Eosinophil, medicine.disease, Allergen challenge, Pathogenesis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cytokine, Chronic asthma, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, business, Interleukin 5, Asthma
Published
2001
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5. Asthma: basis and management at different ages

Author

S.T. Holgate, N. Chanarin, and J. Corne

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, business.industry, Medical school, Airway obstruction, medicine.disease, Early life, respiratory tract diseases, Respiratory Medicine, Epidemiology, Medicine, Young adult, business, Asthma
Abstract

The first half of the meeting was devoted to the early life origins of asthma and opened with an address from Michael Silverman (Paediatric Respiratory Medicine at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, U.K.). There are problems with the proper definition of early asthma in childhood, and the concepts of asthma which have been derived from clinical and epidemiological work on school children and young adults cannot be applied to pre-school children. If one sticks to a definition of asthma as a. chronic inflammatory condition in which heightened bronchial responsiveness is associated with recurrent, reversible airway obstruction, then the syndrome of asthma cannot be shown to exist in this age group. There is no evidence concerning the nature or persistence of an inflammatory process in the airways of wheezy young children. There is also no evidence to support a greater degree of bronchial responsiveness in wheezy infants (or in any wheezy children up to the age of 7 years) compared with their non-wheezy counterparts. Finally, there are few, if any, data on the variability of airway obstruction with time in children with wheezing conditions under 5 years of age.

Published
1995
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8. Contents, Vol. 94, 1991

Author

Graham S. LeGros, Hiroshi Yamakawa, K. Takatsu, Ratko Djukanovic, P.G. Holt, J. Bujanowski-Weber, P. Oehme, S. Bianchj, William Roche, I. Knöller, G. Delespesse, Toru Ando, Reinhold Penner, D. Macchia, R. Djukanovic, George W. Ward, Thomas Bieber, T. Furitsu, Makoto Dohi, Susan M. MacDonald, Martin D. Chapman, F. Chavarria, R. Robert Schellenberg, Michiko Haida, Makoto Nogami, John R. Brashler, J. Brom, Pascal Chanez, A. Ciccarelli, T.D. Whalley, M.J. Carmona, E. Saito, Mamoru Ito, H. Behrendt, W. Zachgo, Gabriele Zwadlo-Klarwasser, Philip J. Thompson, Sylvia Miescher, N.P. Siemensma, A. de Paulis, G. Schultze-Werninghaus, J.-P. Kinet, B.D. Gomperts, Takeo Juji, Ikuo Akutsu, Richard J. Simpson, S. Wilson, T.H. Lee, Suhad El-Lati, Bernhard Przybilla, J. Oliver, Sesha Reddigari, Monique Vogel, Koki Takahashi, Thomas Iff, L. Mugnai, E. Neher, Nathalie Paul-Eugène, Ph. Lassalle, Takeshi Fukuda, Dean D. Metcalfe, V. Lagente, C.E. O’Neil, Go Matsuzaki, C. McMenamin, Jordan N. Fink, G. Burow, Ch. Lemmermann, Ch. Schweiger, H. Wagner, K. Kurihara, D.R. Springall, Karin Pettenburger, A. Capron, H.Y.A. Lau, R. Wahl, G.J. Gleich, K. Rother, Shigeru Takafuji, W.R. Roche, Kurt Blaser, F. Gambassi, A. Pistelli, M. Bubak, Andrew F. Walls, Jeffrey M. Drazen, S.J. Lane, Johann-Christian Virchow, Akio Mori, J.M. Polak, Dietrich Kraft, Hans L. Spiegelberg, L. Lipponer, Friederike von zur Mühlen, R. zur Strassen, Rihoux Jean-Pierre, Susanne Spitzauer, Werner J. Pichler, Karen Britten, M. Schon-Hegrad, Barbara K. Stout, John Wilson, Hirokazu Okudaira, Otto Scheiner, Mitsuko Kondo, Akira Ishii, Richard Sporik, Daniel Weinreich, M. Keating, W. Dorsch, Manel Jordana, Ch.H. Heusser, Ingrid Enander, Massimo Triggiani, T. Ishizaka, Colin J. Sanderson, Dieter Vieluf, Stephanie A. Shore, J. Anrather, S. Terrados, Claus Bachert, Rosa M. Ten, E.W. Rauterberg, E. Masini, H. Rumpold, Jean Yves Lacoste, T.H.W. Lillie, K. Ohno, Alison M. Campbell, E. Gutierrez, F.L. Pearce, Stephan C. Bischoff, R. Suau, Miguel Blanca, P.H. Howarth, P.K. Jeffery, Robert L. Barker, E. Perez, M. Pfenning, Marshall Plaut, Piotr Kuna, T. Abe, H. Rotermund, Michael A. Lett-Brown, Herbert G. Johnson, Thomas Brunner, C. Ra, U. Ganzer, N. Hyslop, Kazuhiko Akiyoshi, Alain L. de Weck, J. Bews, A. Hartnell, J. Dry, K. Nosbüsch, Rafeul Alam, G. Le Gros, V. Brinkmann, Jacqueline M. Langdon, B. Thomas, P. Heap, Corinne Petit-Frère, A.G. Fernández, Wolfgang Schmutzler, Gianni Marone, Matsunobu Suko, R.W. Gristwood, D. Kraft, G.M. Walsh, A.G. Palma-Carlos, B. Bradley, N.S. Sakaguchi, J.M. Vega, O.-H. Wilhelms, R. Wiewrodt, A. Brini, Stephen R. Durham, M. Lupini, M.A. Reed, Thierry Maisonnet, A. Witzel, Peter J. Barnes, Ch. Brander, Lawrence M. Lichtenstein, A. Koffer, Y. Delneste, Laura Palma-Carlos, Jennifer Cairns, T. Brunnee, Elliott Homer, Diana J. Quint, F. Bettens, Monique Capron, Sohei Makino, Luanda Beck, T. Imai, Takayuki Ohtoshi, A. Akasawa, Lore Koller, Yoji Iikura, Naohiro Watanabe, Ahuva Nissim, J.W. Coleman, A. Ohgimi, D. Befus, J.R. Wilkinson, H. Küster, T. Katsunuma, Ch. Ebner, K.J. Turner, M.P. Piccinni, F. Ledermann, Michael Breitenbach, Bradley J. Undem, A.B. Kay, John E. Salvaggio, Carvalho de Sousa, S.T. Holgate, B. Girn, P. Berga, S. Bent, Gerald J. Gleich, Arnold S. Kirshenbaum, P.B. Boulos, Yoshitaka Ino, M. Breitenbach, R. Rathsack, May Azzawi, Sun Ying, Philippe Godard, J.H. Widdicombe, Rudolf Valenta, Christopher Corrigan, S. Romagnani, D.M. Kemeny, Bernard Dugas, Samuel B. Lehrer, Y. Churcher, John Gordon, C. Brom, F. Leynadier, Gert Kunkel, Gerard Cox, B.F. Weber, D. Diaz-Sanchez, Shinji Motojima, J.W. Wilson, Pieter L.B. Bruijnzeel, P.F. Mannaioni, K. Britten, Allen P. Kaplan, Yutaka Morita, K. Ishida, Erika Jensen-Jarolim, Jack Gauldie, Fiona R. Lake, S. Raspanti, Andrew Grant, R. Fadel, S. Dunnette, Jean Bousquet, Ivan Aebischer, Thomas A.E. Platts-Mills, T. Wyss, Richard D. O’Connor, Larry D. Ward, A.G. Morris, Clemens A. Dahinden, Toshifumi Yuuki, P. Parronchi, Hiroyuki Mochizuki, Gail M. McNutt, D.C. Reason, Martin Krieger, Lawrence E. Gelber, Naoki Inagaki, E. Kilchherr, Elisabeth Boichot, Qiu Gang, F. Gabl, Alec H. Sehon, J.V. Collins, Shiro Kasuya, J. Blomgren, Bernadette Pignol, Motohiro Ebisawa, N. Sakaguchi, Jacalyn H. Pierce, U. Blank, Fu-Tong Liu, Robert A. Seder, R. Hilger, Richard P. Bransford, M. Linssen, Jörg Kleine-Tebbe, P.D. Pare, Kazuhiko Yamamoto, Jean Michel Mencia-Huerta, Michael K. Bach, Pierre Braquet, J. Salvaggio, Reuben J.M. Falkoff, R. Merget, J. Hards, B.J. Holt, D. Strickland, P.E.R. Tatham, A.B. Tonnel, H. Saito, François-B. Michel, K. Akimoto, Jerry Dolovich, Brian M. Greenlee, Carl G. A. Persson, Anne Kagey-Sobotka, Tim R. Mosmann, Zelig Eshhar, N. Wallen, Maria Baeza, A.J. Wardlaw, Peter H. Howarth, Robin N. Poston, W. König, R.C. Benyon, M. Lopez, D. Mijic, E. Jarolim, William E. Paul, John P. Caulfield, B. Kunz, Milton A. Martins, Yasushi Okumura, J. Knöller, R. Ciriilo, K. Nieber, Geoffrey A. Stewart, Allen C. Myers, Zami Ben-Sasson, U. Hauser, M. G. Di Bello, Michael Duchêne, C. Baumgarten, C.J. Sanderson, Koji Ito, R. Valenta, M.-H. Jouvin, Menachem Rottem, F. Carswell, A. Miranda, K.R. Tainsh, Kimm J. Hamann, Judah A. Denburg, K. Wagner, Martin K. Church, Qutayba Hamid, O. Mejan, Johannes Ring, J. Fernandez, L. Juhlin, Kiyoshi Takatsu, Martin E. Sanders, Peter W. Heymann, C.E. Reed, P. Wentz-Murtha, Fred D. Finkelman, J. Llupiá, Helmut Rumpold, Stephen T. Holgate, Conceição B. Santos, G.M. Hänsch, W.L. Liu, Christoph Walker, M. Ricci, Ph. Gosset, E. Maggi, J. Wilson, R. Moqbel, and Beda M. Stadler

Subjects
business.industry, Immunology, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, General Medicine, business
Published
1991
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9. Controlled-Release Theophylline in the Treatment of Nocturnal Asthma

Author

R. Clarke, P.F. Mitchell-Heggs, D. MacLntyre, M. Turner-Warwick, T. Higenbottam, C.K. Connolly, R. Monie, C.E. Johnson, K. Whyte, W.T. McNicholas, S.S. Chatterjee, J.A. Hughes, R.N. Johnston, A.J. Fairfax, and S.T. Holgate

Subjects
Adult, Male, Vital capacity, Adolescent, medicine.drug_class, Nausea, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Biochemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Double-Blind Method, Theophylline, Bronchodilator, Wheeze, medicine, Humans, Aged, Asthma, business.industry, Biochemistry (medical), Cell Biology, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Crossover study, Symptomatic relief, respiratory tract diseases, Delayed-Action Preparations, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Anesthesia, Female, Steroids, medicine.symptom, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

A total of 104 asthmatic patients with symptoms of asthma and/or a ‘morning dip’ in the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) who were receiving multiple therapies, including inhaled or oral steroids, were treated in addition once nightly with controlled-release theophylline in an 8-week double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Theophylline produced an improvement in symptoms of cough, wheeze, sleep disturbance and PEFR in the 73 completing patients compared to run-in and placebo treatment. Theophylline also produced an improvement in the forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity relative to baseline, and in the difference between actual and predicted PEFR values. Nausea was the most frequent side-effect but both patients' and investigators' global impressions of the effect of study medication were in favour of theophylline.

Published
1990
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10. Contributors

Author

Luciano Adorini, Matthew L. Albert, Paola Allavena, Francesca Aloisi, Sebastian Amigorena, Fabrice André, Jonathan M. Austyn, Jacques Banchereau, Penelope A. Bedford, Donna Beer Stolz, Nina Bhardwaj, C. Allen Black, Yuri V. Bobryshev, Francine Brière, Jozef Borvak, Christophe Caux, Jonathan Cebon, Vito R. Cicinnati, S. Citterio, Georgina J. Clark, L. Cochand, Sandra Columba Cabezas, Tyler J. Curiel, Ian Davis, Anthony J. Demetris, Xin Dong, Bertrand Dubois, Louis D. Falo, Lian Fan, Jerome Fayette, Nadine C. Fernandez, I. Frank, S. Schlesinger Frankel, Lawrence Fong, Jean-François Fonteneau, John V. Forrester, John J. Fung, Thomas F. Gajewski, Anne Galy, Andrea Gambotto, Wendy S. Garrett, Angela Granelli-Piperno, F. Granucci, A.M. Gudin, Derek N.J. Hart, S.T. Holgate, J.A. Holloway, Fang-Ping Huang, R. Ignatius, Tatyana Isaeva, Ronald Jaffe, Nori Kadowaki, Pawel Kalinski, Martien L. Kapsenberg, Kristine Kikly, Stella C. Knight, Marie H. Kosco-Vilbois, Adriana T. Larregina, Marie Larsson, Andrew Lee, Li Ming Liu, Yong-Jun Liu, David Lo, Michael T. Lotze, Lina Lu, Thomas Luft, Kelli MacDonald, G. Gordon MacPherson, Thomas C. Manning, Alberto Mantovani, Eugene Maraskovsky, Florentina Marches, Carole Masurier, Hiroyuki Matsue, Dieter Maurer, Paul G. McMenamin, Ira Mellman, D. Messmer, Michael Murphey-Corb, Noriko Murase, Laurent P. Nicod, Karen A. Norris, Peta J. O'Connell, Glenn D. Papworth, Karolina Palucka, Melissa Pope, Bali Pulendran, Paul Racz, Gwendalyn J. Randolph, Graça Raposo, Will Redmond, Armelle Regnault, Christina R. Reilly, M. Rescigno, Paola Ricciardi Castagnoli, M. Rittig, Paul D. Robbins, Russell D. Salter, Amanda E. Semper, Barbara Serafini, Vassili Soumelis, Silvano Sozzani, Hergen Spits, C. Stahl-Hennig, Ralph M. Steinman, Raymond J. Steptoe, Georg Stingl, Akira Takashima, K. Tenner-Racz, Magali Terme, Clotilde Théry, Ranjeny Thomas, Angus W. Thomson, M. Urbano, B. Valzasina, Stephane Vandenabeele, Slavica Vuckovic, Simon C. Watkins, Shuang Wei, Jeffrey Weber, Cara C. Wilson, Joseph Wolfers, Li Wu, L. Zhong, Laurence Zitvogel, and Weiping Zou

Published
2001
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11. Contributors

Author

S.N. Abraham, L. Aloe, L. Annunziato, S. Arbilla, E. Arbustini, G.C. Baccari, P.J. Barbosa Pereira, C. Beltrame, J. Bienenstock, S.C. Bischoff, N. V-Blank, U. Blank, S. Bonini, J. Brown, P. Bruhns, C. Calabrese, P. Castaldo, M.K. Church, J.W. Coleman, W. R Coward, M. Daëron, C.A. Dahinden, F. Dal Piaz, J.E. Damen, G. De Crescenzo, A. De Paulis, H. Depoortere, A. De Santis, A.M. Dvorak, M.L. Entman, G. Florio, V. Forte, N.G. Frangogiannis, W.H. Fridman, S.J. Galli, E.W. Gelfand, A. Genovese, M. Gentile, G. Giorgio, J. Goldhill, F. Granata, J.-C. Gutierrez-Ramos, K. Hartmann, C.D. Helgason, B.M. Henz, B. Hermes, K. Hirai, S. Hirota, C.M. Hogaboam, S.T. Holgate, M. Huber, M. Hughes, Humphries R. K, M. Iikura, H.H. Jacobi, O. Johansson, G.L. Johnson, R. Kajekar, Y. Kitamura, P.A. Knight, P.T. Kovanen, S.A. Krilis, G. Krystal, C.S. Lantz, S. Lavens-Phillips, L. Li, H. Liénard, T.-J. Lin, N.W. Lukacs, D. Macglashan Jr, R. Malaviya, O. Malbec, G. Marone, J.S. Marshall, D.D. Metcalfe, A. Micera, H.R.P. Miller, G. Minopoli, S. Minucci, K. Miura, M. Miyamasu, E. Morii, A.C. Myers, T. Nishida, S.H. P. Oliveira, A. Oriente, C. Palumbo, A. Pannaccione, V. Patella, P.H. Pichat, R. Polosa, C. Pothoulakis, P. Pucci, E.J. Quackenbush, S.W. Reddel, P. Romagnani, S. Romagnani, T. Russo, A.M. Sanico, N.M. Schechter, N. Selve, G. Spadaro, R.L. Stevens, S. Strobl, M. Taglialatela, E.M. Thornton, A. Togias, M. Triggiani, M. Tsai, B.J. Undem, P. Valent, L. Verga, A.F. Walls, M. Ware, P. Welker, B.K. Wershil, S.H. Wright, M. Yamaguchi, and F.-G. Zhu

Published
2000
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15. Comparison of the effect of loratadine on the airway and skin responses to histamine, methacholine, and allergen in subjects with asthma

Author

G.I. Town and S.T. Holgate

Subjects
Adult, medicine.drug_class, Immunology, Cyproheptadine, Histamine Antagonists, Bronchi, Histamine H1 receptor, Loratadine, medicine.disease_cause, Bronchial Provocation Tests, chemistry.chemical_compound, Allergen, Bronchodilator, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Methacholine Chloride, Asthma, Skin, Skin Tests, integumentary system, business.industry, respiratory system, Allergens, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Crossover study, respiratory tract diseases, chemistry, Anesthesia, Methacholine, Female, business, Histamine, medicine.drug
Abstract

Loratadine is a highly selective, long-acting, H1-receptor antagonist. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover study, we evaluated the effects of loratadine, 10 and 20 mg, and placebo administered once daily for 3 days on the skin-wheal responses to histamine, the airway responses to inhaled histamine and methacholine, and the skin-wheal and airway responses to allergen in 12 subjects with asthma. There was no evidence of a bronchodilator action 3 hours after a third oral dose. In the airways, the geometric mean of the provocative concentration of histamine causing a 20% fall in FEV1 after placebo or loratadine, 10 and 20 mg, was 0.68 mg/ml, 2.71 mg/ml (p, not significant), and 5.96 mg/ml (p less than 0.05), respectively. The concentration ratios (value after active treatment/value after placebo) for loratadine, 10 and 20 mg, were 5.1 (p less than 0.05) and 13.4 (p less than 0.05). Neither dose of loratadine had any significant effect on the methacholine dose-response relationship. In the skin, loratadine also displaced the histamine log-concentration response curves to the right with concentration ratios of 4.7 and 6.7, respectively. Loratadine, 10 and 20 mg, had no protective effect on the early or late-phase bronchoconstrictor responses to inhaled allergen. In the skin, loratadine, 20 mg, significantly inhibited the mean wheal area to allergen. Thus, in the dose regimens studied, although loratadine is a moderately potent and selective H1 antagonist in the skin and airways, it failed to attenuate the early and late airway responses to inhaled allergen.

Published
1990

16. Evidence for thromboxane receptor mediated contraction of guinea-pig and human airways in vitro by prostaglandin (PG) D2, 9?,11?-PGF2 and PGF2?

Author

S.T. Holgate, R. L. Featherstone, M. K. Church, and C. Robinson

Subjects
Pharmacology, Agonist, medicine.medical_specialty, Thromboxane, medicine.drug_class, Prostaglandin, Prostanoid, General Medicine, respiratory system, Prostaglandin antagonist, Biology, Thromboxane receptor, chemistry.chemical_compound, Thromboxane A2, Endocrinology, chemistry, Internal medicine, medicine, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Prostaglandin D2
Abstract

The rank orders of potency of prostaglandin D2, prostaglandin F2α, 9α,11β-prostaglandin F2 and the stable thromboxane A2 mimetics U-46619 and ONO-11113 were determined in guinea-pig trachea and human bronchus in vitro. In both tissues the thromboxane mimetics were markedly more potent than the other prostanoids with EC50 values in the nanomolar range. The prostanoid antagonists BW-245C, EP-092 and GR-32191 attenuated the contractile responses to all of the prostanoid agonists and TXA2 mimetics tested in guinea-pig tracheal spirals, although agonist selectivity was seen. Contractile responses to methacholine in the guinea-pig trachea were unaffected by any of the antagonists employed. BW-245C antagonised the effects of all prostanoid agonists tested in human bronchial spirals, the pA2 values obtained were similar to those seen in the guinea-pig trachea when U-46619 and 9α,11β-PGF2 were employed as the agonists. However, significant differences were found between the two tissues when PGD2 and PGF2α. were tested against BW245C. EP-092 produced pA2 values against prostanoid agonists in the human bronchus similar to those seen in the guinea-pig trachea, as did GR-32191. It is concluded that whilst the contractile responses of guinea-pig and human airways smooth muscle to prostaglandin D2, and the other prostanoids are mediated predominantly via thromboxane (TP) receptors, it can be inferred that other receptor populations may contribute to the contractile response. The presence of these minor subpopulations may account for the agonist selectivity seen both within and between tissues from different species.

Published
1990
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18. Biographical Sketch of Dr. Alec H. Sehon

Author

Matsunobu Suko, R.W. Gristwood, A.G. Palma-Carlos, T.H.W. Lillie, K. Ohno, R. Wiewrodt, K. Nosbüsch, Jacqueline M. Langdon, A. Brini, Zelig Eshhar, E. Kilchherr, V. Lagente, C.E. O’Neil, T. Katsunuma, Jean Michel Mencia-Huerta, M. Lopez, Michael K. Bach, D. Mijic, E. Jarolim, F.L. Pearce, E. Perez, Beda M. Stadler, Pierre Braquet, E. Saito, Mamoru Ito, H. Behrendt, N. Wallen, Maria Baeza, A.J. Wardlaw, Ch. Lemmermann, Ch. Schweiger, Bernadette Pignol, A. de Paulis, J. Salvaggio, Reuben J.M. Falkoff, J. Hards, William E. Paul, B.J. Holt, P. Berga, R. Djukanovic, Philip J. Thompson, Sylvia Miescher, N.P. Siemensma, Graham S. LeGros, Hiroshi Yamakawa, Yoshitaka Ino, M. Breitenbach, D. Strickland, K. Wagner, Martin K. Church, B. Bradley, Gert Kunkel, Gerard Cox, John P. Caulfield, Milton A. Martins, Yasushi Okumura, Daniel Weinreich, C.E. Reed, M.A. Reed, Thierry Maisonnet, Sesha Reddigari, Monique Vogel, Philippe Godard, J.H. Widdicombe, Robert A. Seder, F. Gabl, Christopher Corrigan, S. Romagnani, J.V. Collins, Jacalyn H. Pierce, O. Mejan, J. Fernandez, Fred D. Finkelman, J. Llupiá, O.-H. Wilhelms, H. Saito, François-B. Michel, A. Witzel, Jean Bousquet, Ivan Aebischer, Lawrence E. Gelber, Naoki Inagaki, Fu-Tong Liu, Thomas A.E. Platts-Mills, T. Wyss, D.M. Kemeny, Elisabeth Boichot, T. Imai, Y. Delneste, Ch. Brander, Stephanie A. Shore, John R. Brashler, Wolfgang Schmutzler, Richard P. Bransford, Fiona R. Lake, Ingrid Enander, W. Zachgo, Gabriele Zwadlo-Klarwasser, S. Terrados, Jennifer Cairns, Rosa M. Ten, R.C. Benyon, J.W. Coleman, Bernard Dugas, Samuel B. Lehrer, Y. Churcher, Shiro Kasuya, Takayuki Ohtoshi, G. Le Gros, D. Diaz-Sanchez, A.B. Tonnel, J. Brom, Pascal Chanez, J. Blomgren, John Gordon, P. Heap, M. Linssen, Jörg Kleine-Tebbe, Manel Jordana, Ch.H. Heusser, K. Akimoto, Jerry Dolovich, T. Ishizaka, Ratko Djukanovic, I. Knöller, Thomas Bieber, Peter H. Howarth, Helmut Rumpold, H. Rumpold, Motohiro Ebisawa, Jean Yves Lacoste, Gianni Marone, P.G. Holt, Pieter L.B. Bruijnzeel, Massimo Triggiani, Karen Britten, D.C. Reason, N. Sakaguchi, N.S. Sakaguchi, Ikuo Akutsu, G. Schultze-Werninghaus, R. Valenta, U. Blank, J.M. Vega, F. Leynadier, C. Ra, Bernhard Przybilla, K. Takatsu, Robin N. Poston, Larry D. Ward, P.K. Jeffery, Stephen R. Durham, J. Bujanowski-Weber, Nathalie Paul-Eugène, J. Dry, E.W. Rauterberg, B. Kunz, Christoph Walker, Richard J. Simpson, S. Wilson, V. Brinkmann, Ph. Lassalle, G. Burow, P.D. Pare, P. Oehme, Rafeul Alam, J. Knöller, R. Ciriilo, Conceição B. Santos, W. König, S. Bianchj, Allen C. Myers, K.R. Tainsh, Thomas Iff, E. Maggi, A. Miranda, T.D. Whalley, William Roche, Kimm J. Hamann, Lawrence M. Lichtenstein, Herbert G. Johnson, Kazuhiko Akiyoshi, Allen P. Kaplan, G. Delespesse, M.J. Carmona, H.Y.A. Lau, Kazuhiko Yamamoto, C. McMenamin, J. Wilson, Peter J. Barnes, Laura Palma-Carlos, A. Akasawa, G.M. Walsh, A. Capron, Toru Ando, W.R. Roche, Qiu Gang, Andrew F. Walls, Monique Capron, Sohei Makino, M. Lupini, Luanda Beck, J. Oliver, C. Baumgarten, L. Mugnai, C.J. Sanderson, Naohiro Watanabe, L. Lipponer, Alec H. Sehon, T. Furitsu, A. Ohgimi, Makoto Dohi, T. Brunnee, Elliott Homer, Diana J. Quint, A. Koffer, Friederike von zur Mühlen, R. Moqbel, Bradley J. Undem, Barbara K. Stout, Arnold S. Kirshenbaum, P.B. Boulos, Judah A. Denburg, M.-H. Jouvin, Werner J. Pichler, Shigeru Takafuji, M. Schon-Hegrad, Michael Breitenbach, G.M. Hänsch, Johannes Ring, J. Anrather, Robert L. Barker, Reinhold Penner, Otto Scheiner, L. Juhlin, Johann-Christian Virchow, Hirokazu Okudaira, E. Masini, S. Dunnette, Gerald J. Gleich, E. Gutierrez, Marshall Plaut, K. Nieber, F. Carswell, Piotr Kuna, R. Hilger, H. Küster, Clemens A. Dahinden, D. Macchia, W.L. Liu, M.P. Piccinni, Colin J. Sanderson, F. Gambassi, Jeffrey M. Drazen, Geoffrey A. Stewart, R. Wahl, G.J. Gleich, R. zur Strassen, R. Merget, M. Ricci, Menachem Rottem, John E. Salvaggio, Qutayba Hamid, Go Matsuzaki, Peter W. Heymann, Martin D. Chapman, P.E.R. Tatham, F. Chavarria, P. Wentz-Murtha, H. Wagner, S.J. Lane, Ph. Gosset, Akio Mori, K. Rother, Dietrich Kraft, Hans L. Spiegelberg, Kurt Blaser, A. Pistelli, Koki Takahashi, Kiyoshi Takatsu, D. Kraft, Martin E. Sanders, R. Suau, Stephen T. Holgate, T. Abe, Thomas Brunner, John Wilson, N. Hyslop, Alain L. de Weck, A. Hartnell, Corinne Petit-Frère, Zami Ben-Sasson, F. Bettens, Lore Koller, Yoji Iikura, U. Hauser, May Azzawi, Yutaka Morita, K. Ishida, M. G. Di Bello, Michael Duchêne, Koji Ito, Martin Krieger, D.R. Springall, Karin Pettenburger, J.M. Polak, Ahuva Nissim, Susanne Spitzauer, D. Befus, J.R. Wilkinson, Ch. Ebner, K.J. Turner, M. Bubak, F. Ledermann, Akira Ishii, Richard Sporik, M. Keating, A.B. Kay, Carvalho de Sousa, S.T. Holgate, B. Girn, S. Bent, Dieter Vieluf, Rihoux Jean-Pierre, W. Dorsch, Mitsuko Kondo, Claus Bachert, T.H. Lee, Suhad El-Lati, George W. Ward, E. Neher, R. Robert Schellenberg, Michiko Haida, Makoto Nogami, Brian M. Greenlee, Carl G. A. Persson, Anne Kagey-Sobotka, M. Pfenning, Dean D. Metcalfe, B.F. Weber, H. Rotermund, Shinji Motojima, J.W. Wilson, Tim R. Mosmann, Michael A. Lett-Brown, K. Kurihara, P.F. Mannaioni, Erika Jensen-Jarolim, Jack Gauldie, S. Raspanti, Andrew Grant, U. Ganzer, R. Fadel, R. Rathsack, Susan M. MacDonald, Toshifumi Yuuki, Sun Ying, B. Thomas, Rudolf Valenta, P. Parronchi, A. Ciccarelli, J.-P. Kinet, B.D. Gomperts, Takeo Juji, C. Brom, Hiroyuki Mochizuki, Gail M. McNutt, Alison M. Campbell, Takeshi Fukuda, K. Britten, Jordan N. Fink, J. Bews, Richard D. O’Connor, Stephan C. Bischoff, Miguel Blanca, P.H. Howarth, A.G. Morris, and A.G. Fernández

Subjects
Gerontology, media_common.quotation_subject, Immunology, Immunology and Allergy, Art history, General Medicine, Art, Biographical sketch, media_common
Published
1991
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21. Neuropeptides in endobronchial biopsies from asthmatics

Author

J. Bousquet, Anthony E. Redington, David R. Springall, S.T. Holgate, P.H. Howarth, P. Chanez, and J.M. Polak

Subjects
Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Neurology, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, medicine, General Medicine
Published
1993
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22. Stimulation of human airway epithelial cells by platelet activating factor (PAF) and arachidonic acid produces 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) capable of contracting bronchial smooth muscle

Author

S.T. Holgate and C.K.W. Lai

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Platelet-activating factor, Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, Stimulation, Human airway, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, chemistry, Smooth muscle, Biochemistry, Internal medicine, medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Arachidonic acid, General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Published
1992
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23. Human Tonsillar Mast Cells

Author

S.T. Holgate, M.K. Church, and Rizgar A. Mageed

Subjects
Histamine secretion, Immunology, Degranulation, Proteolytic enzymes, General Medicine, respiratory system, Biology, Mast cell, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Cytotoxic T cell, Secretion, Histamine H4 receptor, Histamine
Abstract

Mast cells can be dispersed from human tonsils by a mechanical procedure or by the use of proteolytic enzymes. The latter procedure does not always increase cell yield and may adversely affect the mast cell response to secretory stimuli. Mechanically dispersed tonsillar mast cells secrete histamine in response to stimulation with anti-IgE and calcium ionophore A23187 by a calcium-dependent and energy-dependent mechanism. With compound 48/80 and basic polyamines, histamine release only occurs at cytotoxic concentrations. Functionally, human tonsillar mast cells are similar to adenoidal and lung mast cells.

Published
1983
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24. Cellular and chemical mediators--their roles in allergic diseases

Author

S.T. Holgate and Sheryl L.G. Johnston

Subjects
Leukotrienes, T-Lymphocytes, Immunology, Human leukocyte antigen, Histamine Release, Biological Factors, Mice, Text mining, Hypersensitivity, Immunology and Allergy, Animals, Humans, Mast Cells, Platelet Activating Factor, Messenger RNA, Chemistry, business.industry, Neuropeptides, Immunoglobulin E, Basophils, Prostaglandins, Cytokines, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, business, Transforming growth factor
Published
1989

26. Theophylline

Author

M. Cushley and S.T. Holgate

Subjects
business.industry, medicine, Theophylline, Pharmacology, business, medicine.drug
Published
1984
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27. INTRAVENOUS PREDNISOLONE IN ASTHMA

Author

S.T. Holgate and A.E. Tattersfield

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Text mining, business.industry, Internal medicine, medicine, Prednisolone, MEDLINE, General Medicine, medicine.disease, business, Asthma, medicine.drug
Published
1976
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29. Annual Review of Immunology, Vol. 4, 1986

Author

S.T. Holgate

Subjects
business.industry, Ipratropium, Scopolamine Derivatives, Parasympatholytics, Library science, General Medicine, Asthma, Bronchial Provocation Tests, Book Review, Acute Disease, Administration, Inhalation, Animals, Humans, Medicine, Drug Therapy, Combination, business
Abstract

Studies in both animals and man suggest a role for cholinergically-mediated reflex bronchoconstriction in the airflow limitation of asthma. Muscarinic cholinergic antagonists such as atropine, ipratropium bromide (IB) and oxitropium bromide (OB) when delivered locally to the airways are bronchodilators and antibronchoconstrictors. Although drugs like IB and OB offer advantages over some of the older anticholinergic preparations in terms of pharmacokinetics and therapeutic ratio, they cannot be considered as first line drugs in the therapy of acute asthma. However, when used in combination with other anti-asthma drugs, therapeutic benefit of inhaled IB and OB is obtained by maximising the bronchodilator properties of the individual drugs without attendant systemic side effects. Finally, the removal of the preservatives EDTA and benzylchonium chloride from Atrovent nebulizer solution has removed the risk of paradoxical bronchoconstriction occurring.

Published
1987
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30. Beta adrenoceptors in asthma

Author

S.T. Holgate

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Gerontology, business.industry, medicine, Beta adrenoceptor, medicine.disease, business, Asthma
Published
1985
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