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Superconductivity plays a vital role in advanced medical diagnostic as well as in treatment of cancer. Smaller sized superconducting cyclotrons are developing as efficient techniques with carbon ions and protons for external beam therapy. This equipment further gives benefits of less cost and due to smaller size it is far easier to handle. Nowadays, superconductivity has been used commercially in numerous applications in medical sciences including low-temperature superconducting (LTS) materials and high field magnets in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), magnetic gene transfer, magnetic drug delivery system and cancer and internal hemorrhages detection. Almost all commercial medical systems based on superconductivity use LTS and the majority uses NbTi wires or superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) made of LTS material.

The effect of thermal cycling was carried out on steel bars (0.4 C %). A single run was performed at a lower temperature of 32℃ and an upper temperature of 500℃ cooled in water, seawater (previous results) and oil (new results). For several numbers of cycles up to 30 cycles for an accurate determination of heating and cooling times. The effect of thermal cycling on the corrosion rate was evaluated. The effect of thermal cycling on the following properties was evaluated the corrosion rate. The comparison between the effect of thermal cycling on carbon steel (0.4 C %) seawater and water-cooled (previous results as shown in references [1, 2]) and the effect of thermal cycling on carbon steel (0.4 C %) water-cooled (new results) has been studied. From the obtained test results (previous and in this paper, it was found that: the type of corrosion is uniform attack; corrosion rate of the first stage gradually increases with the number of thermal cycling up to 15 cycles, then it takes steady-state up to 30 cycles. It was found that the rate of corrosion (previous results, seawater and water-cooled) is more than the rate of corrosion of the new results, oil-cooled respectively.

In this article analysis of the energy system of the Republic of Yemen, its composition and characteristics of the transmission lines, power stations and substations, it also considers the prospects for the development of the power system in the country.

Due to their excellent structural and optical properties of molybdenum oxide thin films are used in various applications such as gas-sensing, solar cells, optoelectronic and medical physics. The present study is related to the synthesis of molybdenum oxide thin films prepared by dip coating technique and the films were characterized by using various techniques such as XRD, SEM and UV-visible spectroscopy. The monoclinic crystal structure and the crystallite size (29.16–52.77 nm) was investigated by X rays diffraction (XRD) analysis. SEM micrograph was used to identify the nano tubes in MoO3 thin film and UV-visible spectroscopy exhibits the maximum absorption in ultra-violet region and band gap decrease (3.17–2.71 eV) with increased the inner transition states in molybdenum thin film. Finally, the results show that the series of molybdenum oxides MoO1 (Sample 1), MoO2 (Sample 2) and MoO3 (sample 3) exhibited interesting structural and optical properties which make them good candidates for photo catalytic activity.

Background and Purpose: The efficacy of retigabine (RGB), a positive allosteric modulator of K+ channels indicated for adjunct treatment of partial seizures, was studied in two adult models of kainic acid (KA)-induced status epilepticus to determine it’s toleratbility. Methods: Retigabine was administered systemiclly at high (5 mg/kg) and low (1-2 mg/kg) doses either 30 min prior to or 2 hr after KA-induced status epilepticus. High (1 µg/µL) and low (0.25 µg/µL) concentrations of RGB were also delivered by intrahippocampal microinjection in the presence of KA. Results: Dose-dependent effects of RGB were observed with both models. Lower doses increased seizure behavior latency and reduced the number of single spikes and synchronized burst events in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Higher doses worsened seizure behavior, produced severe ataxia, and increased spiking activity. Animals treated with RGB that were resistant to seizures did not exhibit significant injury or loss in GluR1 expression; however if stage 5-6 seizures were reached, typical hippocampal injury and depletion of GluR1 subunit protein in vulernable pyramidal fields occurred. Conclusions: RGB was neuroprotective only if seizures were significantly attenuated. GluR1 was simultaneously suppressed in the resistant granule cell layer in presence of RGB which may weaken excitatory transmission. Biphasic effects observed herein suggest that the human dosage must be carefully scrutinized to produce the optimal clinical response. (2015;5:46-59)

The statistical ellipsoidal construction has been reconstructed into the statistical conicoidal construction, to describe the sputtering yield, at normal incidence, for various ion energies. The most important advantage of the new volume is the developing of a simple-single equation to describe the sputtering–energy relationship. Its parameters have been pictorially predicted from the conicoidal representation. A correction term [1–(Eth/Ei)1/Ω] was added to the present new equation to describe the threshold energy (Eth) of sputtering. The developed equation could be applied to all available ion/target combinations, over a broadened range of energy for low and heavy ion-masses. The new equation has been differentiated with respect to energy giving rise to a relation between the threshold energy and maximum energy, at which the maximum sputtering yield occurs. It was found that, the obtained theoretical sputtering data for low and heavy ions satisfactorily approaches the available experimental data and works well at the threshold regime. It should be mentioned that the conicoidal model is not only of interest for analytical glow discharge method but also for ion beam method for the sputtering process, where low and high sputtering values could occur.

An incremental model is developed for the simulation of elasto-static multiphase frictional contact problems. The model employs a proposed local and nonlinear friction law, and exploits the incremental convex programming method in the framework of the finite element scheme. The proposed model accommodates the two types of inequality constraints which are representing non-interpenetration and slipping conditions.

For a triplet born radical-ion pair in homogeneous non-viscous acetonitrile solvent, curiously large magnetic field effects (MFEs) of about 40–60%, and exceedingly high saturation fields (150–200 mT) are observed in the photoreaction of 4,4′-bipyridine with triethylamine. The field effect on the transient absorption spectrum shows the existence of a triplet excited complex ( 3 ECT) around 330 nm. Complementary field effects on different intermediates and patterns of the MFE curves indicate the reformation of 3 ECT from the radical-ion pair. To account for the observed MFEs, inter-radical hydrogen bonding mediated by water molecules is suggested.

In adult rats, intraperitoneal injection of kainate (KA) results in sustained status epilepticus and persistent behavioral comorbidities such as hyperexcitability, anxiety, and altered response to environmental cues. Intrahippocampal KA also results in sustained status epilepticus and continuous high frequency oscillations in the electroencephalograph (EEG), although subsequent behavioral side effects are unknown. We hypothesized that retigabine, a recently discovered anticonvulsant and potent positive modulator of Kv7 channels, may attenuate seizure-induced behavioral abnormalities. Status epilepticus was induced by administration of KA either intraperitoneally (15 mg/kg) or by single intrahippocampal injection (1.0 μg/0.5 μL). After 24 h, half of systemically KA-treated animals that reached stage 6 seizures were injected once daily with retigabine (5 mg/kg) for 14 continuous days. All groups underwent three behavioral tests — capture and handling, open field, and elevated plus maze — 24 h following the last retigabine treatment and were sacrificed at 25–28 days. In the capture and handling test, systemic KA treatment resulted in frisky behavior and resistance to capture with wild attempts to escape during the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd weeks of the observation period. In contrast, these behaviors were attenuated in KA + retigabine-treated animals. In the open-field test, KA-treated animals spent more time in the center zone, but KA + retigabine-treated rats had greater overall activity compared with those having vehicle, KA, or retigabine-only treatment. In the elevated plus maze, KA + retigabine-treated animals traveled greater distances in open and closed arms (proximal and distal) compared with controls, also signifying anxiety reduction. Retigabine-only-treated rats traveled more in the open proximal arms compared with controls, indicating increased hyperlocomotion in normotensive rats. Although treatment with KA + retigabine resulted in anxiolytic-like effects in all three behavioral tasks compared with vehicle, this group did not significantly differ from systemically KA-treated rats in most measurements in open-field and elevated plus maze tasks, suggesting that retigabine may also cause hyperlocomotion unrelated to anxiety level. Despite that intrahippocampal KA-treated rats displayed comparable seizure behavior, epileptiform activity, and hippocampal injury, their behavior resembled the controls, suggesting that molecular and subsequent cellular changes are also partially responsible for anxiolytic-like effects and that these results are likely independent of the hippocampus.

Fusion of multisource data is becoming a widely used procedure due to the availability of complementary yet dissimilar datasets. The combined use of high spatial resolution imagery and lidar (light detection and ranging) derived digital surface models (DSM) can reduce interclass confusion in the fusion process. However, pixel-level data fusion does not take spatial information into account. Pixels from multisource images are fused depending on their spectral values, regardless of their neighbour values. Object-level fusion overcomes this shortcoming by segmenting multisource images into meaningful objects and then performing fusion with the information imbedded into their topology. This paper compares the results of the pixel- and object-level fusion of a lidar derived DSM with colour aerial photography and multispectral imagery. The comparison is based on the assessment of the classification accuracy where reference information has been collected through field survey. Pixel-level fusion of the colour photography and the DSM exhibits better results than sole classification of colour photography. The same result is found for the multispectral imagery and the DSM. Object-level fusion achieves superior results compared to all pixel-level classification of tested categories. Object-level fusion of the colour photography and the DSM shows the highest classification accuracy (91%). Multispectral imagery and the lidar derived DSM achieve 90% classification accuracy. These results imply that the high spatial resolution of colour photography has a large influence on the fusion process perhaps greater than the spectral and radiometric resolution of the multispectral imagery.

Summary form only given. The design of a product begins with an idea and continues through a variety of planning, design, manufacturing and testing phases until actual production begins and the product is made available to the customer. A design that allows for component and other possible sources of variation, is known as a robust design. This paper discusses robust design from the perspective of established quality philosophies advanced by Crosby, Deming and Juran, and examines how they are related to current views on managing product improvement. This paper also outlines the use of quality factors and tools in the product development cycle and addresses the methodology to convert each quality function into product improvement expressed in producers' language.

Because insulin resistance/diabetes may cause inordinate vascular complications in females, we have investigated the effects of insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) on vascular reactivity in 12-week-old female Zucker obese (Ob) rats, a rodent model of insulin resistance and its lean (Ln) age-matched counterpart. Endothelium intact aortic rings from Ob animals and their Ln littermates (12 weeks of age) were subjected to contractile concentration responses to phenylephrine (PE) followed by relaxation to isoproterenol (Iso), with and without preincubation for 2 hours with cholera toxin (CTX; 1 microg/mL) or pertussis toxin (PTX; 2 microg/mL) and before and after incubation with either insulin or IGF-1 (100 nmol/L) for 1 hour. Systolic blood pressure was higher (138 +/- 3 v. 109 +/- 4 mm Hg; P

The main objective of the present research work is to develop a computational model to simulate the visco-elastic dynamic contact problems. The proposed mathematical model exploits the incremental convex programming in the framework of a finite element model. The main concern of the model is to study basically the effect of the internal material viscosity on the dynamic characteristics of the system such as rate of decaying and response amplitude. Rayleigh damping model is adopted for simulating the internal material viscosity. For model verification and testing two examples of different natures are solved.

Results are reported on K − -neutron interactions at c.m. energies near 2 GeV. The interactions are dominated by strong production of hyperon resonances, particularly Σ(1385), Λ(1405) and Λ(1520). Production cross sections and angular distributions are given for the Σ(1385), Λ(1405) and Λ(1520) and branching fractions to decay modes observed in the experiment are given for Σ(1385) and Λ(1520). The strong energy dependence of some features of the data suggests that s -channel effects are dominant.

Results are presented for a partial wave analysis of the reaction K − n → π − Λ covering a range of c.m. energies from 1900 to 2100 MeV. The events used were obtained from interactions of the type K − n → π − Λp s . The analysis was performed both for a sample of events where p s , the spectator proton from the deuteron, was seen, and for all events. Good agreement was found between the two sets of results. Values of the resonance parameters of the Σ(2030) were determined, and some evidence was found supporting the existence of the F5 Σ(1915). In addition, the P3 amplitude was found to be rapidly changing near 2100 MeV, consistent with a resonance in this wave at 2080 MeV.

The proton decay of the f 7 2 analog resonance in 124 Sn+p at E p lab = 10.614 MeV has been studied. Proton spectra from this experiment are compared to data from a recent (t, p) experiment on 122 Sn, which showed a number of strongly excited states at about 5 MeV excitation energy. These states in 124 Sn are also excited in the (p, p′) experiment, thus confirming the particle-hole structure, suggested in the (t, p) work. Decay widths, tentative spin assignments and spectroscopic factors are given. The level scheme of 124 Sn up to an excitation energy of 5.6 MeV is established.

The course of the reaction of methyl β- d -ribopyranoside ( 1 ) with sulfuryl chloride and pyridinium chloride is described. Compound 1 may readily be converted into the 2,3,4-tri(chlorosulfate) ( 2 ) which, with chloride ion, yields methyl 3,4-dichloro-3,4-dideoxy-α- l -arabinopyranoside 2-chlorosulfate ( 5 ). A consideration of conformational aspects of the substitution process suggests that the 3-chlorosulfate group of 1 is first displaced by chloride and that substitution then occurs at C-4. This conclusion is supported by a reaction series in which 3-chloro-3-deoxy-β- d -xylopyranoside was synthesized and converted into 5 . The stereochemical outcome at C-3 of 2 during the substitution process is also proved thereby. The reaction of d -ribose with sulfuryl chloride yielded a d -ribopyranosyl chloride tri(chlorosulfate) which, on the basis of n.m.r. evidence, is described as the β- d anomer in the 1C ( d ) conformation.

A literal interpretation of the Garvey-Kelson mass formula is used to relate deviations from the simple predictions for certain sextuplets of nuclei. The large discrepancies between prediction and experiment for 25 Ne, 29 Mg and 33 Si are, in this way, removed.

1. The effects of adrenaline on blod sugar and plasma lipids of hibernating lizard, Uromastix hardwickii , were studied during activity and hibernation. 2. Adrenaline caused maximum hyperglycaemia within 2 hr during active phase and 4 hr during hibernation. 3. The hypercholestermic response was more or less similar on both the periods. 4. The elevation of esterified fatty acid level was highly signicant during hybernation. 5. Plasma phospholipids showed signficant variations during both the phases. 6. Probable mechanism for these metabollic changes with reference to seasonal variations are discussed.