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Supplemental material, DS_10.1177_0022034520917903 for Maresin 1 Promotes Wound Healing and Socket Bone Regeneration for Alveolar Ridge Preservation by C.W. Wang, S.H. Yu, T. Fretwurst, L. Larsson, J.V. Sugai, J. Oh, K. Lehner, Q. Jin and W.V. Giannobile in Journal of Dental Research

4-Chlorophenol (4-CP), widely used in the production of dyes, drugs, and fungicides is a water pollutant. It can be found in surface water, soil, ecosystems, and the human body. 4-CP is a non-degradable pollutant when subjected to traditional water treatment techniques. The development of advanced oxidation processes provided alternative methods that could potentially be applied to the decomposition of non-degradable compounds; 4-CP could then be removed from water supplies by processes such as photocatalytic degradation. However, the anatase TiO2 typically used in such procedures has a large band gap of 3.2 eV which is only activated by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. In this study, a Ag/TiO2/Fe3O4 composite was synthesized from Ag, TiO2, and Fe3O4 owing to the enhanced photocatalytic activity and catalyst recoverability conferred by Ag and Fe3O4, respectively. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, UV–visible spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, transmis...

Introduction In recent years, immunotherapy including checkpoint blockade acts as potential strategies to cure cancer. A number of recent studies have identified inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) as a crucial player in the immune checkpoints blockade therapy. ICOS, a homodimeric protein which belongs to CD28 superfamily, is expressed on activated T cells and resting memory T cells. Upon inflammation, ICOS and its ligand ICOSL (B7RP-1, B7H-2) have been shown to affect T cell responses via ICOS-mediated PI3-kinase signalling to enhance the T cells development and activity. In addition, previous studies have shown that upon CTLA-4 blockade, the ICOS/ICOSL pathway plays an important role in tumour immunity. In this study, we aim to develop and implement the Fc-fusion recombinant ICOSL proteins to induce T cells activation for therapeutic use. Our data suggested that recombinant ICOSL-Fc can enhance the proliferation and cytotoxicity effect of human Pan T cells by increasing INFg and IL10 secretion. Moreover, ICOSL-Fc can also inhibit tumour growth in xenograft animal models. Based on our study, ICOS/ICOSL pathway could be a promising therapeutic target for the immunotherapy. Material and methods Expression and Purification of Recombinant ICOSL Proteins Construction of Fc-fusion ICOSL proteins: ICOS-mFc, mICOS-mFc, and ICOSL-Fc Expression and purification of recombinant ICOSL proteins Employ Flow Cytometry and ELISA-Based Assay to Confirm ICOSL-Fc Fusion Protein Can Bind to ICOS Perform ICOS binding ELISA assay with fusion ICOSL-Fc protein. Perform Pan T cell flow binding assay with fusion ICOSL-Fc protein. Results and discussions ICOSL-Fc can induce secretion of INFγ and IL-10, and proliferation of human Pan T cells. The tumour specific ICOSL-Fc engagement increases the cytotoxicity of human PBMC Conclusion Expressions of PD1, ICOS and CTLA4 can be observed in PBMC under CD3/CD28 stimulation on day 1, day 3, and day 5. Recombinant human ICOSL-Fc protein was able to bind to both human ICOS and mouse ICOS ECD domains. Cell-base immunofluorescence was employed to illustrate recombinant human ICOSL-Fc protein was able to bind activated T cells. 3H-Thymidine incorporation study illustrated that recombinant ICOSL-Fc was able to increase T cells proliferation. In vitro efficacy assay suggested that recombinant ICOSL-Fc can remarkable increase IL-10 and INFγ secretion on human pan T cells. The preliminary T cell cytotoxicity assay showed ICOSL-Fc treatment can increase the killing effect.

Different materials coated on milling tools (tungsten carbide) such as TiCN, TiAlN, TiN and DLC are integrated in this study for the analysis of cutting performance such as tool wear, surface roughness and noise induced in high-speed machining of mold steels such as NAK80 and SKD61 under different combinations of cutting conditions. The study attempts to find out the advantages and adaptabilities in various coating materials being suitable for which cutting circumferences with specific performance request. High-speed milling experiments of NAK80 and SKD61 mold steels with four materials coating tools were carried out in the laboratory. The tool wear was measured through the toolmaker’s microscope and the roughness of the machined surface was measured by the roughness measuring instruments after each surface layer was removed from the workpiece in the experiment. Besides, the noise-mediator was used to detect cutting noise during each surface layer workpiece removing of high-speed milling process, and the curl chips removed from the workpiece were also collected for the result verifications. Good surface quality and small amount of tool wear can be achieved under the cutting conditions of high-speed revolutions, small feed rate and small depth of cut for four materials coating tools. From the observations of the annealing temperature from the removed chips and the analysis of the cutting noise levels, TiAlN material coating tool has the better tool life and it is suitable for rougher high-speed machining, while DLC material coating tool only has a good surface roughness in shallow cut and hence it is not suitable for high-speed machining of mold steel with excellent cutting performance request.

Neutron scattering experiments on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell were performed to assess the ability to quantify water in the membrane and electrode/gas diffusion layers. Previous studies have shown that liquid water is easily resolved within flow channels, making neutron imaging a valuable tool in the design and analysis for water management in fuel cells. This study demonstrates the resolution of water content changes within the membrane electrode assembly and membrane alone. These preliminary results extend the use of neutron imaging as a more complete water dynamics measurement tool including membrane hydration.

The present study was carried out to investigate the changes in chemical and sensory properties, and cholesterol lowering effect of evening primrose oil (EPO) addition in cholesterol-reduced Cheddar cheese. The cholesterol removal rate reached 92.07% by β-cyclodextrin in the cheese before EPO addition. The thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value of cholesterol-reduced and EPO- added cheese increased with both ripening time and amount of EPO addition. Addition of 5% EPO resulted in a significant difference in TBA value after 4-week ripening, compared with no addition of EPO. The production of short-chain free fatty acids (FFAs) increased with ripening period in all treatments. From 4 week of ripening, the amounts of short-chain FFA in 3 and 5% EPO-added groups were significantly higher than those in other groups. Among sensory characteristics, rancidity was mostly affected by EPO addition, however, the rancidity value of 1% EPO-added was not significantly different from that of EPO-free and cholesterol-reduced cheese. Also, Cheddar cheese flavor was not profoundly affected by 1% EPO addition in all ripening periods. Total blood cholesterol dramatically decreased from 184.0 to 137.1 mg/dL with 5% EPO-added and cholesterol-reduced cheese following 8 weeks of feeding. The present results indicated that 5% EPO addition resulted in a profound lowering effect on blood total cholesterol with some adverse effects on chemical and sensory properties. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2006. Vol 19, No. 3 : 450-458)

The biodegradability of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) mixture consisted of fluorene (Fl), phenanthrene (Phe) and pyrene (Pyr) by a bacterial consortium enriched from mangrove sediments under sediment-free and sediment slurry conditions was investigated. The enriched consortium made up of three bacterial strains, namely Rhodococcus sp., Acinetobacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp., had a good PAH degradation capability with 100% degradation of Fl and Phe in sediment-free liquid medium after 4 weeks of growth. The Fl and Phe degradation percentages in sediment slurry were higher than that in liquid medium. Autochthonous microorganisms in sediments also possessed satisfactory PAH degradation capability and all three PAHs were almost completely degraded after 4 weeks of growth. Bioaugumentation (inoculation of the enriched consortium to sediments) showed a positive effect on PAH biodegradation after 1 week of growth. Complete biodegradation of pyrene took longer time than that for Fl and Phe, indicating the enriched bacterial consortium had preference to utilize low-molecular weight PAHs. Keywords: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Bacterial consortium, Mangrove sediments

A one-way randomized complete block design was adopted for studying the effects of a 15-min simmering treatment on three control and 11 plant-oil low-fat Kung-wans. Results indicated that most plant-oil Kung-wans became larger but lighter in weight, softer, lighter and paler in color and lower in peroxide value (POV) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values when simmered. Their color preference scores decreased while the other sensory acceptance scores increased or decreased according to different plant oils. Results also indicated that most plant-oil Kung-wans were lower in POV and TBA value than the low-fat control (ConFa2). Most of their eating quality indices were not significantly different from ConFa2, but most of their sensory quality indices were inferior to the high-fat control (ConFa1). The results indicated that although plant oils could replace pork backfat, lower lipid level decreased acceptability of the products. Overall, coconut, palm and soybean oils appeared to be better fat substitutes for low-fat Kung-wans.

A three-factor face-centered central composite design was adopted for investigating interaction effects of soybean oil, coconut oil, palm oil and a simmering treatment on eating qualities of low fat Kung-wan, an emulsified meatball. Results indicated that there was no significant interaction among the three plant oils and the simmering treatment except for their effects on overall acceptance of the products. Acceptance scores increased with addition level of coconut oil before simmering but decreased after simmered. The plant oils had minor effects on Kung-wan qualities while reheating by simmering significantly affected many quality attributes of the Kung-wans. Products became larger, more brittle and transparent, but less adhesive, chewy, gummy, viscous and odorous when simmered.

According to traditional design theory, the Function–Behavior–Structure design model pays more attention to the function and structure of the product. However this model still cannot strengthen the relationship between product appearance design and human–machine design effectively. This paper adopt converse design thinking and presents a improved design thinking methodology based on Constraint:Function–Behavior–Structure for product appearance design and give a general summarization of the features, methods and technology based on human–machine interaction and interface (HMI&I). At the same time it also combines with the behavior design of product related IT fields and constructs a new outline to improve the design of product appearance supported by the technology of computer aided design (CAD). Thus a new method about design thinking for CAD, a new abstract product design model and the key problem of design thinking based on HMI&I are addressed in this paper. The creative design theory that is driven by HMI&I will help in the development of a CAD software system and in the research of product design and manufacture. Additionally the trend of design thinking based on the technology of HMI&I are also analyzed and discussed at the end of the paper.

Smaller amounts of different plant oils were used to replace pork fat in developing low-fat Kung-wans, an emulsified meatball. A one-way randomized complete block design was adopted for comparing three controls and 11 plant oils, including oils from coconut, sunflower, palm, corn, peanut, soyabean, tea seed and olive, and hydrogenated oils from coconut, palm and soyabean. Results indicated that replacing 25% pork back fat with 10% water did not change its textural properties. Decreasing fat addition level and adding water generally decreased Kung-wans' red color, yellow color and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value. All plant-oil products had lower TBA values than the 10% fat control (ConFa2). In general, all plant-oil products had similar textural properties as the ConFa2 except for tea seed oil (Teas) and peanut oil (Pean), which had higher textural profile analyses data. Teas and Pean were inferior due to bitter taste and strong odor. Overall, coconut, palm, soyabean, olive and hydrogenated soyabean oils were better fat substitutes.

A four-factor central composite design was adopted for studying the effects of phosphates, water, fat and salt on qualities of a low-fat emulsified meatball (Chinese meatball). Results indicated that cooking loss was significantly affected by interactions of phosphate with salt. Minimum cooking loss appeared at 2.5% salt addition level in the tested range. Product lipid content was significantly affected by interactions of phosphate with fat, salt with fat and water with fat. Minimum lipid content appeared at phosphate addition level of 0.25%, at salt addition level of 2.4% and at water addition level of 20% in the respective tested ranges. Hunter-b-value of products was significantly affected by interactions of phosphate with salt and minimum Hunter-b-value appeared at a phosphate addition level, which varied with salt addition levels. The texture of product was significantly affected by interactions of phosphates with salt and maximum texture score appeared at 2.4% salt addition level and 0.5% phosphate addition level. Treatment combinations with less water, more fat, more salt and more phosphate additions yielded better preference and better acceptance products. Additions of greater than 2.2% salt and less than 22% water can produce acceptable low-fat meatballs. Further investigations are needed to reveal the complicate interaction effects of phosphate, water, fat and salt.

Conventional voiding cystometry involves artificially filling the bladder with saline and reproduces their symptoms, while making precise measurements in order to identify their underlying causes. However, it is difficult to evaluate physiological functions during storage and voiding of the bladder. In this study, we designed a portable cystometry device based on personal digital assistance (PDA) device and compared its clinical utilities while applying this device to both natural and artificial filling cystometry study. The range of errors of the pressure signals measured our constructed device was less than 1 cmH2O, and the reproducibility of two pressure channels were 2.32±2.97 and 3.67 ±5.31 %, respectively. Also, the clinical assessment of our device showed that the system has the capability to accurately monitor the types of information that contribute to the diagnosis and management of patient

The purpose of the present paper is to examine some issues pertinent to intermediate goods for a Harris-Todaro economy. In particular, we focus on what will happen to the price of the final goods and the welfare of the Harris-Todaro economy which imposes either a tariff or a quota on its import of a final product, when the price of imported intermediate goods increases exogenously.

A combined attitude estimation algorithm has been proposed, in which two variants of system model are used simultaneously. These models are put together to form two parts of the algorithm with the aim, that the first model provides the estimates of some observable quantities by using the linear kalman filter, while the second model is used to update the estimation of yaw attitude as well as the estimation of all variables in the system, including unknown disturbances, gyro drift characteristics, etc.

Application of “the empirical electron theory of solids and molecules” to the analysis of crystal structure obtained by Siegrist and his colleagues of Ba2YCu3O9−d(d≈2) directly yields the covalent bond electron structure of the crystal. The interpretation of the half oxygen vacancy in Cu-O4-O5 layers gives the necessity of the existence of empty thoroughfares for the superconductivity at low temperature crystal. Thermal agitation together with the fluctuation of the fractional covalent bonds render Ba atoms to rotate and to throw 04, 05 atoms to the thoroughfares to destroy the superconductivity. The calculated Tc agrees with the experimental value rather satisfactorily. The twinning observed by R. Beyers and his colleagues at IBM research centers further gives evidence for the thoroughfares existence.