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Eriophyoid mites (Acariformes, Eriophyoidea) are microscopic chelicerates morphologically greatly preadapted to endoparasitism on plants. Members of at least six phylogenetically distant eriophyoid genera from two families homoplastically transitioned to endoparasitism and acquired the ability to penetrate under the plant epidermis and feed on parenchymatous cells, usually causing necrosis. Theoretically, endoparasites are expected to show patterns of codivergence with hosts more than ectoparasites. Novophytoptus Roivainen 1947 is the only eriophyoid genus comprising exclusively endoparasitic species living in subepidermal tissues of herbaceous monocots of three families of the order Poales: Cyperaceae, Juncaceae, and Poaceae. Here, we described two new endoparasitic species, N. limpopoensis n. sp. and N. zuluensis n. sp., from southern African sedges Carex spicatopaniculata Boeckeler ex C.B.Clarke and C. zuluensis C.B.Clarke, respectively, and investigated the Cox1 phylogeny of Novophytoptus. Contrary to expectations, molecular phylogenetics did not recover host-specific mite clades associated with Cyperaceae and Juncaceae, but revealed geographical groups of Novophytoptus species from Africa and Eurasia. Our results provide a substantial basis for future coevolutionary studies on novophytoptines, which will be possible when more species and sequences of Novophytoptus from geographically remote regions and from diverse hosts representing all major clades of Poales become available for analyses.

Three industry by-products, namely rapeseed pomace from the wastes of edible oil production, sugar beet pulp from the wastes of sugar production and fodder radish cake, have been tested as scale inhibitors of mild steel in tap water. Ethanol extracts were prepared by maceration and the electrochemical approach to study the scale formation was utilized, based on the measurement of oxygen reduction current during nucleation and formation of calcium carbonate in the presence of extracts. Scaling time, porosity and area density of the scale was determined and used to characterize the inhibition efficiency. Chemical compositions of extracts were analysed by GC–MS analysis (gas chromatography with mass selective detector by mass selective integration). The rapeseed pomace extract and fodder radish cake extract at the concentration of 10 mL/L appeared to be efficient scaling inhibitors. Sugar beet pulp extract increases the crystallization time, however the amount of deposited scale appeared to be the same as in the tap water. The scale inhibition is caused mainly by the formation of adsorbed film on the scale nucleus that blocks the surface and prevent further crystal growth.

An algorithm of automatic detection and tracking the moving objects for the use in equipment on board of unmanned aerial vehicles is considered. The developed algorithm is based on a tracking specially selected points for a certain period. Tracked points are selected from the areas on the current frame, where the pixel intensity differs from the intensities of the same pixels in previous frames, aligned with the current frame using projective transformation. If the displacement of the tracked points is not fixed on several adjacent frames, they are being deleted, and new points from the areas presumably belonging to moving objects in the current frame are added instead. On each frame the points similar by the location and shape of trajectories of movement are combined into groups that presumably correspond to moving objects. Objects are tracked by comparing the groups of moving points with the points of neighboring frames. Groups of moving points from neighboring frames are matched if they contain a large number of common tracked points. The algorithm allows simultaneous tracking of more than 20 objects in real time. The indication of objects as moving occurs only if during the time of its tracking it has shifted a considerable distance. The algorithm has a low percentage of false detections of moving objects, it detects well small objects and is capable reliably to accompany moving objects.

The Puma lineage within the family Felidae consists of 3 species that last shared a common ancestor around 4.9 million years ago. Whole-genome sequences of 2 species from the lineage were previously reported: the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) and the mountain lion (Puma concolor). The present report describes a whole-genome assembly of the remaining species, the jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi). We sequenced the genome of a male jaguarundi with 10X Genomics linked reads and assembled the whole-genome sequence. The assembled genome contains a series of scaffolds that reach the length of chromosome arms and is similar in scaffold contiguity to the genome assemblies of cheetah and puma, with a contig N50 = 100.2 kbp and a scaffold N50 = 49.27 Mbp. We assessed the assembled sequence of the jaguarundi genome using BUSCO, aligned reads of the sequenced individual and another published female jaguarundi to the assembled genome, annotated protein-coding genes, repeats, genomic variants and their effects with respect to the protein-coding genes, and analyzed differences of the 2 jaguarundis from the reference mitochondrial genome. The jaguarundi genome assembly and its annotation were compared in quality, variants, and features to the previously reported genome assemblies of puma and cheetah. Computational analyzes used in the study were implemented in transparent and reproducible way to allow their further reuse and modification.

The main problem of the article discusses the methods of developing a collection of casual clothing with elements of ethnic style, using the example of innovative technologies in the field of creating ornaments for clothing. Factors of formation of ornaments based on the structure of the human body are justified. The author considers the factors of shaping, based on special visual features of clothing in connection with ergonomic factors. Study of the specifics of ornamental motifs to transform them into a component of modern youth clothing. The authors of the article monitored the environmental approach, that is, the acquisition of knowledge about cultural values based on the selection of all the best that was created by the people, introduction to cultural folk traditions, dialogue between man and culture. When writing the article, we used author's and experimental research methods, fixing information in tables and author's sketches. The study of categories and definitions was carried out by the method of selecting and classifying information, as well as its analysis. Comparative analysis of forms of traditional and modern culture, study of bibliographies on architecture, art, philosophy, psychology; analysis of materials of scientific monographs, abstracts and dissertations, articles, creative essays of masters of architecture and art, from the point of view of the concepts, principles, conceptual and terminological formulations contained in them. In addition, private scientific methods are used: analysis of literary sources to identify current trends in the formation of art. Аs the results of the research, a collection has been developed that considers various types of clothing decoration, uses methods for including ornaments in the structural structure of the costume and provides models, calculations and drawings. The author's collection justifies the use of ornaments in connection with the selected artistic and figurative task of the collection, as well as in connection with its functional purpose. All these factors are formative. And the practical experience of this research shows the relevance of this topic in connection with the need not only to promote the historical achievements of Kazakhstan's culture to the masses and popularize them, but also as a method that helps to understand the possibilities of its translation into modern design objects.

Baker’s yeast, S. cerevisiae, is an excellent model organism exploited for molecular genetic studies of the mechanisms of genome stability in eukaryotes. Genetic peculiarities of commonly used yeast strains impact the processes of DNA replication, repair, and recombination (RRR). We compared the genomic DNA sequence variation of the five strains that are intensively used for RRR studies. We used yeast next-generation sequencing data to detect the extent and significance of variation in 183 RRR genes. We present a detailed analysis of the differences that were found even in closely related strains. Polymorphisms of common yeast strains should be considered when interpreting the outcomes of genome stability studies, especially in cases of discrepancies between laboratories describing the same phenomena.

The detection and identification of plant diseases is a fundamental task for sustainable crop production. Septoria tritici and Stagonospora nodorum blotch (STB and SNB) are two of the most common diseases of cereal crops that cause significant economic damage. Both pathogens are difficult to identify at early stages of infection. Determining the degree of the disease at a late infection stage is useful for assessing cereal crops before harvesting, as it allows the assessment of potential yield losses. Hyperspectral sensing could allow for automatic recognition of Septoria harmfulness on wheat in field conditions. In this research, we aimed to collect information on the hyperspectral data on wheat plants with different lesion degrees of STB&SNB and to create and train a neural network for the detection of lesions on leaves and ears caused by STB&SNB infection at the late stage of disease development. Spring wheat was artificially infected twice with Septoria pathogens in the stem elongation stage and in the heading stage. Hyperspectral reflections and brightness measurements were collected in the field on wheat leaves and ears on the 37th day after STB and the 30th day after SNB pathogen inoculation using an Ocean Insight “Flame” VIS-NIR hyperspectrometer. Obtained non-imaging data were pre-treated, and the perceptron model neural network (PNN) was created and trained based on a pairwise comparison of datasets for healthy and diseased plants. Both statistical and neural network approaches showed the high quality of the differentiation between healthy and damaged wheat plants by the hyperspectral signature. A comparison of the results of visual recognition and automatic STB&SNB estimation showed that the neural network was equally effective in the quality of the disease definition. The PNN, based on a neuron model of hyperspectral signature with a spectral step of 6 nm and 2000–4000 value datasets, showed a high quality of detection of the STB&SNB severity. There were 0.99 accuracy, 0.94 precision, 0.89 recall and 0.91 F-score metrics of the PNN model after 10,000 learning epochs. The estimation accuracy of diseased/healthy leaves ranged from 88.1 to 97.7% for different datasets. The accuracy of detection of a light and medium degree of disease was lower (38–66%). This method of non-imaging hyperspectral signature classification could be useful for the identification of the STB and SNB lesion degree identification in field conditions for pre-harvesting crop estimation.

We present a strategy for the skeletal editing of diamondoid structures to selectively displace methylene for heteroatom moieties in the carbon framework. This constitutes a synthetic approach to doping diamond-like structures with electron donor dopants (O, N, and S). The key steps involve two subsequent retro-Barbier fragmentations followed by cage reconstruction in the presence of a dopant. Remarkably, the incorporation of n-dopants reduces the strain of the diamondoid cage as shown through homodesmotic equations.

Background. The alpha-test allows to detect inherited genetic changes of different types, as well as phenotypic expression of primary DNA lesions before the lesions are fixed by repair. Here we investigate ability of the alpha-test to detect base modifications induced by 6-N-hydroxylaminopurine (HAP) and determine frequency of inherited and non-inherited genetic changes in yeast strains treated with HAP. Materials and methods. The alpha-test is based on mating type regulation and detects cell type switch from to a in heterothallic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The frequency of mating type switching reflects level of both spontaneous and induced by a mutagen DNA instability. The alpha-test may be performed in two variants: illegitimate hybridization and cytoduction. Conducting both complementary tests and analysis of phenotypes of the illegitimate hybrids and cytoductants allows to detect the full spectrum of genetic events that lead to mating type switching, such as chromosome III loss and chromosome III arm loss, mutations and temporary lesions, recombination and conversion. Results. HAP increases the frequency of illegitimate hybridization by 5-fold, and illegitimate cytoduction by 10-fold. A large proportion of the primary lesions induced by HAP causes temporary mating type switch and the remainder parts are converted into inherited point mutations. Conclusion. The alpha-test can detect HAP-induced base modifications and may be used to investigate the ratio between correct and error-prone processing of such primary DNA lesions. Like other genetic toxicology tests the alpha-test has limitations, which are discussed.

An autonomous visual navigation algorithm is considered, designed for “home“ return of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with on-board video camera and on-board computer, out of GPS and GLONASS navigation signals. The proposed algorithm is similar to the well-known visual navigation algorithms such as V-SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping) and visual odometry, however, it differs in separate implementation of mapping and localization processes. It calculates the geographical coordinates of the features on the frames taken by on-board video camera during the flight from the start point until the moment of GPS and GLONASS signals loss. After the loss of the signal the return mission is launched, which provides estimation of the position of UAV relatively the map created by previously found features. Proposed approach does not require such complex calculations as V-SLAM and does not accumulate errors over time, in contrast to visual odometry and traditional methods of inertial navigation. The algorithm was implemented and tested with use of DJI Phantom 3 Pro quadcopter.

The article analyzes properties of potassium and magnesium, which may exert vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-ischemic, antiaggregant, and antiarrhythmic effects. These are extremely important microelements and potentially beneficial therapeutic agents for treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Aim. To perform a combined experimental and computational study on the luminescent properties of practically important class of organic dyes – 4-aminophthalimides.Results and discussion. The absorption and fluorescence spectra of 4-aminophthalimide derivatives in polar protic and aprotic solvents were computed and matched vs. the experimental data. The changes in emission spectra are mainly related to the NH2-group derivatization. The methyl substitution of amide hydrogen causes a batochromic shift of about 7 nm in the absorption peak and a negligible hypsochromic shift in the fluorescence peak, while introducing alkyl substituents to the amine moiety causes bathochromic shifts in absorption and emission peaks of 30 – 40 nm and 10 – 60 nm, respectively.Experimental part. Absorption and emission wavelengths were computed by the standard algorithm based on the ground state geometry optimization (equilibrium solvation), vertical excitation with nonequilibrium solvation, and the TD-DFT geometry optimization of the excited state structures. A reliable hybrid B3LYP functional was used in combination with DZ and TZ-quality basis sets.Conclusions. The computed absorption wavelengths are in excellent agreement with the experimental data and are only slightly solvent-dependent. At the same time, the discrepancy with the experiment for Stokes shifts reaches about 20 % at IEF-PCM-TD-B3LYP/6-31G(d). However, the general tendency for both absorption and fluorescence wavelengths is identical for all solvents within one molecule. Received: 24.12.2019Revised: 31.01.2020Accepted: 27.02.2020

The Raphanus sativus L. ethanol extract was prepared by radish cake maceration in ethanol end tested as a scale and corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in tap water. Antiscalant efficiency was tested with electrochemical and thermal scaling techniques, and changes in hardness content were determined titrimetrically. No deposits were found on the metal surface at the extract concentration of 10 mL/L in chronoamperometry test, and scaling suppression was established 5 times in thermal scaling conditions. The linear polarization resistance technique was used to determine corrosion rate. Inhibition efficiency was found to be 75% in thermal scaling conditions. The formation of the surface film was responsible for both scaling and corrosion suppression on mild steel surface as was established with FT-IR spectroscopy and SEM. The surface film was found to contain polymerization products of isothiocyanates.

The article deals with the problem of interaction between teachers and inclusive educational environment and the impact of this environment on their professional and personal development. The authors present the barriers and challenges of working with disabled children in an „inclusive school” of general primary education; the search for psychological and pedagogical support for the teacher and technologies for effective inclusive education. The article presents an empirical study of the situation of inclusive teaching practices development and teachers’ demands. The authors point to the link between teacher satisfaction and teacher communication in professional settings, making it a key resource for teaching children with disabilities in an inclusive education environment. The authors believe that resilience and satisfaction of teachers is the basis for developing technologies and methods to support educators in overcoming emerging challenges in professional teaching practice. The results of this support form the basis for the further development of technologies and scientific and practical recommendations for teachers.

Classical views of hereditary mechanisms consider linear nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, as template molecules wherein genetic information is encoded by the sequence of nitrogenous bases. The template principle embodied in the central dogma of molecular biology describes the allowed paths of genetic information transfer from nucleic acids to proteins. The discovery of prions revealed an additional hereditary mechanism whereby the spatial structure is transmitted from one protein molecule to another independently of the sequence of nitrogenous bases in their structural genes. The simultaneous existence of linear (type I) and conformational (type II) templates in one cell inevitably implies their interaction. The review analyzes the current data confirming the idea that protein amyloid transformation may influence the genome stability and considers potential mechanisms of interactions between type I and type II template processes. Special attention is paid to the joint contribution of the two process to tumor "evolution" and the mechanisms of genome destabilization due to amyloid transformation of proteins in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and Down syndrome.

The possibility of silicon electrodeposition from the low-melting LiCl-KCl-CsCl-K2SiF6 electrolytes has been studied. The stability of a silicon-containing additive was studied by cyclic voltammetry, and the rate constant of the chemical reaction of SiF4 release at a temperature of 827 K was calculated. It is determined that the constants of velocity values in the melt based on eutectic composition are 2 orders of magnitude higher, which indicates a higher rate of formation of volatile compounds. Cyclic voltammetry was also used to study the electrochemical behavior of K2SiF6 in the melts under study. It was found that the silicon electroreduction at the cathode is not reversible and proceeds in one 4-electron reaction. The diffusion coefficient calculated by the Matsuda-Ayabe equation was 0.72·10-5 cm2·s-1 at temperature of 823 K. According to the obtained voltammograms, the parameters for the silicon electrodeposition were selected. At a potential of -0.4 V vs QRE, dendritic silicon deposits were obtained. © 2022 The Author(s). Published on behalf of The Electrochemical Society by IOP Publishing Limited. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License (CC BYNC- ND, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is not changed in any way and is properly cited. For permission for commercial reuse, please email: permissions@ioppublishing.org. [DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ac5a1c].

Simple Summary Multiple myeloma is an incurable blood cancer caused by the malignant transformation of immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells. The mechanisms leading to the origin of cancerous cells and the evolution of myeloma disease are not understood. The development of myeloma is accompanied by genetic changes affecting various cellular pathways. This review describes current progress in understanding the etiology of the disease that might stimulate the development of new therapies. Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant neoplasm of terminally differentiated immunoglobulin-producing B lymphocytes called plasma cells. MM is the second most common hematologic malignancy, and it poses a heavy economic and social burden because it remains incurable and confers a profound disability to patients. Despite current progress in MM treatment, the disease invariably recurs, even after the transplantation of autologous hematopoietic stem cells (ASCT). Biological processes leading to a pathological myeloma clone and the mechanisms of further evolution of the disease are far from complete understanding. Genetically, MM is a complex disease that demonstrates a high level of heterogeneity. Myeloma genomes carry numerous genetic changes, including structural genome variations and chromosomal gains and losses, and these changes occur in combinations with point mutations affecting various cellular pathways, including genome maintenance. MM genome instability in its extreme is manifested in mutation kataegis and complex genomic rearrangements: chromothripsis, templated insertions, and chromoplexy. Chemotherapeutic agents used to treat MM add another level of complexity because many of them exacerbate genome instability. Genome abnormalities are driver events and deciphering their mechanisms will help understand the causes of MM and play a pivotal role in developing new therapies.

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of isomeric 1-diamantantyl thiol (1SH) and 4-diamantantyl thiol (4SH) on Au(111) surfaces were characterized using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in air. The 4...

The objective necessity of improvement of information security systems (SPI) in the conditions of development of information and telecommunication technologies is shown. Theorems which allow to describe the properties of parametric solutions of multistage systems of Diophantine equations necessary for the development of mathematical models of SPI on their basis are given. The theorem generalizing the known Frolov's theorem is presented, and the author's theorem on the basis of which the mathematical model of SPI containing Diophantine difficulties is developed is given. A new approach to the development of SPI generalizing the principle of construction of public key cryptosystems is proposed. One part of the conditional identity is used for the direct transformation of the original message, and the other part - for the inverse transformation. A new concept of equivalence of ordered sets of numbers or parameters with a given dimension and degree is introduced. Mathematical models of cryptosystems developed on the basis of two-parameter solutions of multistage systems of Diophantine equations, in particular, - equations of the fifth degree with the number of variables equal to twelve are presented. The described mathematical models demonstrate the potential of using Diophantine equations for the development of SPI with a high degree of reliability. These models allow to build asymmetric GIS, and the system public key. Such systems contain Diophantine difficulties admitting the existence of a countable set of equally probable keys.

Simple Summary The etiology of cancer is linked to the occurrence of mutations during the reduplication of genetic material. Mutations leading to low replication fidelity are the culprits of many hereditary and sporadic cancers. The archetype of the current model of replication fork was proposed 30 years ago. In the sequel to our 2010 review with the words “years after” in the title inspired by A. Dumas’s novels, we go over new developments in the DNA replication field and analyze how they help elucidate the effects of the genetic variants of DNA polymerases on cancer. Abstract Recent studies on tumor genomes revealed that mutations in genes of replicative DNA polymerases cause a predisposition for cancer by increasing genome instability. The past 10 years have uncovered exciting details about the structure and function of replicative DNA polymerases and the replication fork organization. The principal idea of participation of different polymerases in specific transactions at the fork proposed by Morrison and coauthors 30 years ago and later named “division of labor,” remains standing, with an amendment of the broader role of polymerase δ in the replication of both the lagging and leading DNA strands. However, cancer-associated mutations predominantly affect the catalytic subunit of polymerase ε that participates in leading strand DNA synthesis. We analyze how new findings in the DNA replication field help elucidate the polymerase variants’ effects on cancer.

Current eukaryotic replication models postulate that leading and lagging DNA strands are replicated predominantly by dedicated DNA polymerases. The catalytic subunit of the leading strand DNA polymerase ε, Pol2, consists of two halves made of two different ancestral B-family DNA polymerases. Counterintuitively, the catalytically active N-terminal half is dispensable, while the inactive C-terminal part is required for viability. Despite extensive studies of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains lacking the active N-terminal half, it is still unclear how these strains survive and recover. We designed a robust method for constructing mutants with only the C-terminal part of Pol2. Strains without the active polymerase part show severe growth defects, sensitivity to replication inhibitors, chromosomal instability, and elevated spontaneous mutagenesis. Intriguingly, the slow-growing mutant strains rapidly accumulate fast-growing clones. Analysis of genomic DNA sequences of these clones revealed that the adaptation to the loss of the catalytic N-terminal part of Pol2 occurs by a positive selection of mutants with improved growth. Elevated mutation rates help generate sufficient numbers of these variants. Single nucleotide changes in the cell cycle-dependent kinase gene, CDC28, improve the growth of strains lacking the N-terminal part of Pol2, and rescue their sensitivity to replication inhibitors and, in parallel, lower mutation rates. Our study predicts that changes in mammalian homologs of cyclin-dependent kinases may contribute to cellular responses to the leading strand polymerase defects.

Aim. To study the effect of electronic (α- and β-hyperconjugations) and steric (noncovalent interactions) factors on the structures of olefinic radical cations.Results and discussion. The effect of intramolecular dispersion interactions on the structures of crowded alkenes in the neutral and ionized forms has been studied at the density functional theory (DFT) level with and without dispersion corrections included, as well as at the MP2 theory level with medium size basis sets. The results obtained are compared to the available experimental data. An excellent agreement has been found between the experimental and MP2/DFT-computed geometries of sesquihomoadamantene, adamantylidene adamantane, bis-2,2,5,5-tetramethylcyclopentylidene, bis-D3-homocub-4-ylidene, and bis-CS-homocub-8-ylidene in the neutral and ionized forms. The experimental ionization potentials are better reproduced with the DFT-methods.Experimental part. The structure and composition of compounds were proved by the methods of 1H and 13C NMR-spectroscopy, and GC-MS-analysis. Elemental analysis was performed for the compounds obtained.Conclusions. The twisting of the olefinic moieties in the sesquihomoadamantene and adamantylidene adamantane radical cations is determined by the balance between the σ-π-hyperconjugation and residual one-electron π-bonding and is close to that of the prototypical ethylene radical cation (29°). The twisting reaches 55° for the bis-2,2,5,5-tetramethylcyclopentylidene radical cation due to substantial steric repulsions between methyl groups. At the same time, the ionized states of bis-D3-homocub-4-ylidene and bis-CS-homocub-8-ylidene retain their planarity due to β-CC-hyperconjugation and intramolecular dispersion attractions.

The potential of highly polar trifluoroacetic acid as a media for the metal-free aerobic oxidations propagated by phthalimide N-oxyl- (PINO) radical was demonstrated experimentally utilizing N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) as a catalyst and HNO3 or NaNO2 as promoters. The oxidations of toluene, cyclohexane, adamantane, diamantane, and 3-oxadiamantane gave, respectively, benzaldehyde, adipic acid, 1-hydroxyadamantane, 1-hydroxydiamantane, and 9-hydroxy-3-oxadiamantane with up to 90% selectivities under high conversions of starting material. From the density functional theory computations at the M06-2X and B3LYP-D3 levels the polarized transition structures (TS) for the hydrogen abstraction from toluene and benzyl alcohol with highly electrophilic PINO-radical are substantially stabilized by non-covalent interactions (π–π stacking). Such additional stabilization is not present in the TS for the H-abstraction from benzaldehyde thus retarding its over-oxidation to benzoic acid.

The mathematical modelling of data protection systems based on multiplicative knapsack is considered. In particular, development of cryptographic solution to hierarchic access control problem is represented. Previously in research the authors has formulated the requirements to knapsack in order to apply these to a hierarchic access control problem based on the requirements for similar models. Here in the article the possibility of practical implementation of the construction of such knapsacks is pointed. Based on special mathematical model for multiplicative knapsacks generalized sufficient condition of multiplicative knapsack injectivity is formulated and proved in the article. Known sufficient conditions of multiplicative knapsack injectivity are special cases of authors condition. The mathematical apparatus of additive knapsacks for building multiplicative vector is shown.

The reaction of 1-hydroxydiamantane with elemental bromine leads to consecutive cage opening and re-closure, thereby providing a straightforward approach to the class of previously unknown 1,2-disubstituted diamondoid derivatives. Functional group exchange gave, among others, chiral bidentate ligands 1,2-dihydroxy- and 1,2-diaminodiamantane. The latter was enantioseparated on gram scale with ee >98% through a single crystallization with (+)-tartaric acid.

Социально-экономическое развитие страны и регионов во многом определяется развитостью производительных сил. В статье представлен анализ состояния рабочей силы и средств производства в регионах Волго-Вятского экономического района. Исследование осуществлялось посредством изучения статистических данных. Выяснено, что наиболее развитыми производительные силы являются в Нижегородской области. Они позволяют области быть лидером социально-экономического развития района.

In this paper there are theorems that demonstrate the validity of using Diophantine equations parametric solutions properties for information security system mathematical models. For this the proof of a generalization of the known Frolov's theorem has been done and represented. Also we present new theorem as a mathematical model of information security system containing Diophantine problems.On the basis of two particular solutions a new method of parameterization of multigrade systems of Diophantine equations has been invented and presented in this paper. Particulary, on the basis of two equations with less variables this method allows to get general parametric solutions for multigrade Diophantine equations. On the example of the fifth degree equation, the parametric solutions of the multigrade system of Diophantine equations have been used as a mathematical model of a new cryptosystem.The new approach has been proposed for the development of information security system. It generalizes the principle of construction public key cryptosystems: one part of the conditional identity is used for the direct transformation of an original message, and other part is used for the inverse transformation.The represented mathematical models demonstrate the potential of using Diophantine equations for the development of information security system with a high degree of reliability. These models give an ability to build both a symmetrical system and an public key system. Such systems allow an existence of a countable set of equally probable keys that leads to Diophantine problems.

The Russian Federation is the largest and one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the world, however no centralized reference database of genetic variation exists to date. Such data are crucial for medical genetics and essential for studying population history. The Genome Russia Project aims at filling this gap by performing whole genome sequencing and analysis of peoples of the Russian Federation.Here we report the characterization of genome-wide variation of 264 healthy adults, including 60 newly sequenced samples. People of Russia carry known and novel genetic variants of adaptive, clinical and functional consequence that in many cases show allele frequency divergence from neighboring populations. Population genetics analyses revealed six phylogeographic partitions among indigenous ethnicities corresponding to their geographic locales. This study presents a characterization of population-specific genomic variation in Russia with results important for medical genetics and for understanding the dynamic population history of the world's largest country.

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]