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At the present time roll shops are characterized by increasing automation and faster production cycles. Automatic quality inspection of technical processes as a part of quality management becomes ever more important. The integration of an inspection system within the automatic program cycle of a roll grinder and the fast feedback of the inspection results lead to decreased scrap rates and advanced product qualities. On this account WALDRICH SIEGEN has developed the new Roll Surface Inspection System RSIS.

1. Ferret papillary muscles were magnetically stimulated by the discharge of a capacitor through an inductance. 2. An induced current density of 39 mA cm-2 averaged over 280 microseconds (= 11 microC cm-2) corresponded to threshold. 3. A short galvanic current pulse was found to have a comparable charge threshold. 4. The time-varying magnetic field or the magnetically induced electrical field did not result in excitation unless current was allowed to flow. 5. Threshold conditions could be reached by adding subthreshold magnetically induced current to subthreshold galvanic current. A suprathreshold galvanic current could be prevented from exciting by simultaneously applying induced current of opposite direction. 6. It is concluded that outward current through the membrane capacity is the stimulus, independent of the origin of the current.

As in the case of the printed books, it is not possible to give a complete overview of the manuscripts Gessner possessed. He had in his own words myriads of slips of paper and sheets. A collection of such notes by himself and others for medical purposes was composed by Caspar Wolf and is preserved in four volumes in the Zentralbibliothek Zurich. This section presents the list that contains no autographs by Gessner, but only the manuscripts owned by him, which were written by others. Manuscripts, which he received for editing a text and which he gave back after finishing his work, are not mentioned. Similarly here, it was not possible to read all his works and letters, so there are still some manuscripts waiting to be discovered.Keywords: Caspar Wolf; Conrad Gessner; manuscripts; Zentralbibliothek Zurich

This section contains indexes to the catalogue. It includes a list of printers, collaborators, provenances. The provenances include the list of owners / dedicatees, donors / dedicators, and annotators. The section also contains the subject index which consists of a list of terms and concepts that occur in the book Conrad Gessner's Private Library. The book gives an insight into the intellectual world of the Swiss polymath Conrad Gessner (1516-1565). Besides an extensive introduction it contains inventories of still exstant as well as lost books and mansucripts of his library.Keywords: Conrad Gessner; private library

This chapter discusses the most prevalent printing locations in Gessner?s library. Basle, Paris and Venice are most prominent. More than half of Gessner?s library was printed in these three towns. The Paris printing presses accounted for 53% of the French book production and the printers of Venice for 56% of the Italian one. It?s interesting that the Italian book market remained important for Gessner despite of the Italian opposition to the reformation. It is worth mentioning that even as a physician and naturalist Gessner studied not only new but also older titles. He gathered nearly a century?s worth of science in his study. Gessner wrote three dialogues for a responsible reading of the sometimes erotic and sexually shocking Greek and Latin classics and added them to the epigrams. The persons and the contents of these three dialogues are reminiscent of the comedy ?Adelphoe? by Terence.Keywords: Basle; Conrad Gessner; Gessner?s library; Italian book market; Paris printing presses; Venice

During the medieval period there were only a few clerics in Zurich who possessed larger collections of books, such as Petrus Numagen (ca. 1450?1515) and Johannes Mantz (d. 1518), or Felix Haemmerli (1389?1458/59). In 1532 the reformer Heinrich Bullinger (1504?1575) reorganized the library of the Grossmunster, where Huldrych Zwingli (1484?1531) in 1525 had founded the so-called Schola Tigurina, the first Reformed-Protestant theological college for the education and training of a new generation of pastors. All the professors and students of the Schola Tigurina were using this library, among them Conrad Gessner, who had been teaching natural history and ethics since 1541. The cheapest way to get books was to receive them as presents. Quite a lot of titles from Gessner?s library are donations from authors, friends and scholars. The best represented donors are the reformer Heinrich Bullinger, Gessner?s fellow student Johannes Fries (1505?1565), and Johann Oporin (1507?1568), printer in Basle.Keywords: Conrad Gessner; Grossmunster; Schola Tigurina; Zurich

Conrad Gessner died of the plague on December 13th 1565. His estate went to Caspar Wolf (1525?1601), who succeeded him as town physician. In March 1566 Wolf promised to finish Gessner?s ?Historia plantarum?, and also noted that he owned his predecessor?s library. He had bought the papers and books from Gessner for a fair price before the latter deceased. In 1719 Johannes Scheuchzer (1684?1738), town physician in Zurich, wrote that the relics of Gessner?s library fell into his hands, but unfortunately, he doesn?t mention any titles. Scheuchzer helped Cardinal Domenico Passionei (1682?1761), who was the papal legate in Switzerland from 1721 to 1730 to acquire 15 titles from Gessner?s library. There was another 18th century scholar who took a special interest in books formerly belonging to Gessner: the famous Zurich archaeologist Johann Caspar Hagenbuch. He collected more than 30 titles from Gessners? library.Keywords: Caspar Wolf; Conrad Gessner; Gessner?s library; Johannes Scheuchzer; Zurich

Gessner had a huge knowledge of nearly every kind of literature and certainly owned more books than the 395 identified imprints. This section presents the list that represents the titles which the authors know, not only that he consulted them, but that he possessed them, because he noted it by hand in his own copy of his ?Bibliotheca universalis? or because we found other proof. His works and letters are full of quotations, but it is not clear, whether he owned the works himself or if he studied them somewhere else, so the authors has listed only those works, which they are sure belonged to Gessner, because he mentioned it explicitly. The date and place of publication as well as other bibliographical information are not always given by Gessner or remain ambiguous. The authors of this book quote the authors and titles as exactly as possible.Keywords: Bibliotheca universalis; Conrad Gessner

OBJECTIVE--To prove the safety and effectiveness of high frequency rotational ablation of coronary artery stenoses and occlusion in humans. SUBJECTS--106 patients with symptoms (91 men, 15 women) who had 67 significant stenoses, mainly types B and C, and 46-chronic occlusions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Mean change in diameter stenosis after rotational angioplasty alone and in combination with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty immediately after treatment and 24 hours and six months later; restenosis rates at six months; complication of treatment. RESULTS--Rotational ablation could not be used in five stenoses and 16 chronic occlusions because of inability to reach or cross the lesion with the Rotablator guide wire. In four cases rotational ablation failed. Initial angiographic and clinical success by rotational ablation was achieved in 40 of the 67 stenoses (60%) and in 18 of the 46 chronic occlusions (39%). Additional balloon angioplasty was performed in 45 patients, increasing the success rates to 79% and 54%, respectively. In the 62 stenoses treated by rotational ablation the angiographic diameter stenoses were reduced from 76% (SD 14%) to 32% (14%) after Rotablator treatment alone and from 75% (11%) to 33% (17%) with additional balloon angioplasty. In the 30 chronic occlusions treated by rotational ablation the angiographic diameter stenoses were reduced to 38% (18%). At six months angiographic restenosis was evident in nine of the 25 (36%) stenoses treated with rotational ablation alone, in seven of the 22 (32%) stenoses treated with rotational and balloon angioplasty, and in 14 of the 24 (58%) chronic occlusions. There were no procedural deaths and two patients (2%) underwent emergency coronary artery bypass grafting. Although no transmural infarction occurred, there were five (6%) non-Q wave infarctions (two embolic side branch occlusions, two subacute occlusions, and one acute occlusion). Clinically insignificant slight increases in creatine kinase activity were seen in five patients (6%). Severe coronary artery spasm unresponsive to medical treatment was provoked in seven cases (8%). CONCLUSIONS--High frequency rotational ablation is a safe and effective method for treating type B and C coronary artery lesions with results comparable to percutaneous transluminal coronary balloon angioplasty. The combined use of rotational ablation and balloon angioplasty is feasible and is necessary in about half of all procedures, in most cases because the lumen created by the biggest burr is too small.

Es wird Uber die von E.Darzins angegebene „Shaking-precipitation method“ zur Erstisolierung von Tuberkelbakterien aus pathologischem Material berichtet. Wir konnten bei der Untersuchung von 91 Sputen die Ergebnisse vonDarzins bestatigen. Die S.P.-Methode ist der Ublichen Vorbehandlung mit Sauren oder Laugen insoweit Uberlegen, als mit ihr bei BenUtzung fester Nahrboden im Durchschnitt 1–2 Wochen frUher positive Kulturen erhalten werden und als auserdem die Ausbeute an positiven ZUchtungsergebnissen groser ist als bei dem mit Schwefelsaure vorbehandelten Material. In Verbindung mit dem vonDarzins angegebenen flUssigen Nahrboden ergibt die S.P.-Methode innerhalb von 8–14 Tagen positive Ergebnisse. In diesem flUssigen Medium unterscheiden sich die virulenten von den avirulenten Bakterien durch ihre Lagerung. Das mit der S.P.-Methode vorbehandelte Material kann ohne Zentrifugation und Neutralisation zum Tierversuch verwendet werden. Ein Nachteil derDarzinsschen Methode besteht darin, das bei ihr in hoherem Mase Verunreinigungen auftreten, die indessen bei dem flUssigen Nahrboden nicht ins Gewicht fallen, jedoch diePetragnani-Kultur unbrauchbar machen.

Reversible effects of palytoxin, extracted from colonies of the soft coral Palythoa caribaeorum, are described. There is a decrease of both membrane resting potential and overshoot during activity. Rise time of the action potential is prolonged, while repolarization is shortened. The electrical events resemble those seen with metabolic poisons.

Cardiac muscle is considered as a biological cable, similar to fibres of skeletal muscle or nerve. "Local currents" within the core of the cable and through the extracellular space are responsible for the propagation of membrane excitation. Conduction velocity depends on (i) fibre diameter, (ii) specific resistance of the core and interstitial fluid, (iii) strength of possible inward current through the surface membrane. Conduction delay and possible block is found at sites of transition between terminal Purkinje fibres and ventricular muscle. Monophasic action potentials of somewhat different shapes are recorded from various parts of the heart. A slow upstroke is characteristic for sites of low conduction velocity (SA-node, AV-node). A progressive decrease of resting potential in the phase of diastole is typical for regions showing a tendency to automatic impulse generation (SA-node, AV-node, Purkinje fibres). Cardiac muscle is a functional syncytium. This statement is based on (i) measurements of electrical resistance between cells and (ii) diffusion experiments using tracer substances. Progressive de-coupling is observed under various pathological conditions, resulting in slow conduction or block.

To test the hypothesis of whether the intercalated discs represent a low resistance to diffusing ions, a method was developed to study the longitudinal diffusion of radioactive potassium (42K), tetraethylammonium ([14C]TEA), and the fluorescent dye Procion yellow (PY) in sheep and calf heart bundles. The method involved 1) loading the cells, 2) allowing the ions to diffuse for periods of 2-6 hr, 3) freezing the bundle in liquid air and cutting it into equal slices of 0.5 mm, 4) measuring the concentration of the ion in each slice. From the results, the diffusion of coefficients were considered to be due partially to the discs and partially to the myoplasm. The permeabilities of the nexal membranes were 7.68-10(-3), 1.27-10(-3), and 1.4-10(-6) cm/sec for 42K, 14C-TEA, and PY. These values are 9,600, 21,000, and 220 times more than the corresponding ones for the surface membrane. The disc resistance for potassium, the main intracellular charge carrier, was about 0.9 ohm cm2. From the van der Waals sizes of the ions, the diameter of the nexal pores has to be 10-15 A. It is concluded that the junctions between myocardial cells have low resistances and that propagation of action potentials is possible by local circuit currents.

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Tintenfische (Cephalopoden). Der Kalmar, Loligo (vgl. Abb. 27b, S. 65), bleibt in Gefangenschaft nur wenige Tage am Leben und last sich schlecht transportieren. Das Arbeiten mit Loligo forbesi (europaischer Kalmar) und Loligo paelii (amerikanischer Kalmar) ist deshalb an eine Marinebiologische Station gebunden.

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