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The lime plasters of the excavated monument of Salvankuppam, previously submerged and exposed by the Tsunami occurred in the Indian Ocean on 26th December 2004 was studied with different analytical techniques. The temple is dated 4-5th century CE. The XRF, XRD, FTIR, NMR, SEM-EDX analysis of the lime plasters evidenced particular occurrence of phosphatised bacterial remains in saline conditions. The formation of amorphous Ca-phosphate by bio mineralization was identified in the plasters by the analyses. The plasters are made of air-lime with coarse aggregates and seashells inclusion as confirmed by the thermal and chemical analysis. The microstructure and morphological investigations of mineralized microbial structures by SEM-EDX indicated the formation of amorphous Ca-phosphate. The unordered and fibrous spherulites have hardened and reduced porosity of the plaster by bio mineralization as observed through MIP analysis. The 16S rRNA sequencing has identified the Pseudomonas strains mainly responsible for the clustering of amorphous Ca-phosphate particles around the bacterial colony.

The objective of this investigation is to utilize the poultry waste of chicken feather fibres into suitable applications and evaluate the mechanical properties. Chicken feather fiber reinforced (epoxy resin) composites were processed by hand layup method. In order to produce the composites, the chicken feather fibers (CFF) were processed with epoxy resins for three fiber reinforcement loadings. Different experimental investigations were conducted to determine mechanical properties of CFF reinforced composites.

In the present designing period surface composites are deeply reasonable for the applications meeting the surface relations. For increasing the wear resistance, quality, ductile strength, hardness, corrosion resistance, formability and fatigue property lacking upsetting the characteristics of the material here we are using friction stir processing, one of the reliable and mounting systems for possessing the above said properties. The present article is organized to exhibit bits of knowledge concerning the effect of procedure parameters, reinforcing particles, dynamic cooling and different passes on microstructure progression during the production of surface composites. Since the complications of hardware wear rate in FSP of high liquefying point and hard external complexes, a fresh note on mechanical assembly materials and the limitation in their treatment is in like manner passed on. The fundamental frameworks in fortifying the surface composite are analyzed with uncovered models. The examination has revealed a couple of openings in investigate external mixtures by methods for FSP way, for instance, age of distortion-free composites, changing microstructures, a progression of solid and monetary contraptions, and enduring on the fortifying frameworks. Huge recommendations for further examination in persuading assembling regarding external composited by FSP are passed on.

The design and implementation of humanoid gesture control robotic arm with multiple actuations is proposed. Utilization of gesture based design is made here. The design is made such a way that five separate movable fingers, flexion and extension installed wrist with tilt feature. Human palm movements are imitated in robotic arm using the motion glove. To develop the processing of arms with additional movement, to improve the aesthetics both for the safety and to look as less artificial. Already in this field metallic and plastic variants are used. The dimensions are made with the help of human palm dimensions. A human design is not sufficient. It also need the movements that is done by actual human [1] . In this paper we propose the number of movements done by the arm is made to 120 [2] .

This paper reports a unique lime construction technology practiced to create natural air cooling in late 15th century Mughal’s summer palace in western India, Farah Bagh. The materials used in cons...

This work focuses on the investigation of flexural strength in glass fiber reinforced (GFRP) composite laminates. Composite laminates with stacking sequence of [0°/90°]14 were fabricated by hand lay-up technique. Laminates with pre-induced defects were introduced through fibre cut in the 7th layer and the delamination between the 7th and 8th layers. Totally thirty five specimens with ASTM D 790-02 were cut from the fabricated laminates by using water jet cutting. In each case, seven specimens were considered from the fiber cut, delamination, virgin and impact for conducting flexural test with acoustic emission (AE) monitoring. AE response via events, counts, duration and amplitude were obtained for different categories of specimens under flexural loading. A standard probability distribution (Weibull distribution) was fitted to the obtained curves from the tested specimens of each case. The probability density function contained different statistical parameters (α, β) for different cases of specimens. An empirical model was developed for predicting the failure load using regression analysis.

This study investigated microstructure evolution, thermo-magnetic and mechanical behavior of magnetic shape memory thin film at different substrate temperature. X-ray diffraction measurements reveal the evolution of different phase structure concerning substrate temperature. According to microstructure analysis, the grain size increases with the substrate temperature and also the shape of the grain changed from pyramidal to spherical. A strong dependence of magnetic properties on grain size and phase structure is also observed. Coercivity is found to decrease with increasing substrate temperature up to a minimum value of 62 Oe for the film deposited at 773 K and with further increase in substrate temperature it is found to increase. Based on the relationship between grain size and the nanoindentation results, the decline in the hardness and elastic moduli can be reasonably inferred to be associated with enlarged grain size, consistent with the “Hall–Petch” effect and the grain refinement mechanism.

Iron ore as pozzolanic filler is an uncommon constituent of historic plaster rarely reported in any research. This paper presents one such study from western India where hematite instead of crushed bricks was identified as admixture in thirteenth–sixteenth-century CE Mughal masonry lime works of Daulatabad Fort. The outer/inner coat plasters from different locations of the fort were examined for morphological, mineralogical, chemical, and basic physical properties. The analytical investigative study was performed by optical microscopy, sieve analysis, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, SEM-EDX, and thermal analyzer. Although the plaster is dominantly made of micritic calcite and aggregate, incorporation of gypsum in the outer and inner coats has been detected and probably acted as a second binder. Cannabis sativa was mixed in the plaster, pointing to the knowledge of hempcrete technology by the makers of Daulatabad Fort. This investi...

From first principles density functional theory, Li-decorated octagraphene and its usage as a hydrogen storage media is theoretically investigated. Octagraphene is a versatile structure with periodic sp2 – bonded carbon atomic planar sheet. This carbon allotrope consists of carbon octagons and rectangular lattices with two bond lengths. The Li binding energy in octagraphene is 2.5 eV, which is much higher than that of pristine graphene. Maximum of four hydrogen molecules can be adsorbed on Li decorated on one side of octagraphene and this leads to a gravimetric storage capacity of 2.4 wt% with an average adsorption binding energy of 0.35eV/H2. Li decorated on both sides of octagraphene, attains a gravimetric storage capacity of 8.1 wt% with an average binding energy of 0.23 eV/ H2. Thus, the structure investigated here is flattering for the reversible hydrogen adsorption/ desorption at the room temperature.

Background: Acute Appendicitis is common surgical emergencies with a lifetime prevalence of approximately 1 in 7. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment; acute Appendicitis is still associated with morbidity (10%) and mortality (1-5 %). Presentations of acute Appendicitis can mimic various acute medical and surgical conditions, and the diagnosis is predominantly a clinical one-different scoring systems used for aiding in early diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis and its prompt management. Alvarado score and RIPASA score are the most popular ones. So we retrospectively applied and compared Alvarado and RIPASA score in the diagnosis of acute Appendicitis in Indian population.Methods: In this study, we compared RIPASA score and Alvarado scoring system retrospectively by applying to 74 patients. This study period from November 2018 to March 2020. Both scores were calculated for patients presented with right iliac fossa pain. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive (NPV), diagnostic accuracy for RIPASA and Alvarado system was calculated.Results: The sensitivity and specificity of the Alvarado score were 85.07% and 57.14% respectively. The sensitivity & specificity of RIPASA score were 91.04% and 71.42% respectively. Accuracy of the Alvarado scoring system is 82.44% and for RIPASA scoring system is 89.18%. The results show that the RIPASA scoring system is a better diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis.Conclusions: RIPASA scoring system is simple, accurate, convenient, and more specific scoring system than the modified Alvarado scoring system for the Indian population.

The influence of Cr doping for Mn on the structural, martensitic transformation and mechanical properties of Ni43Co5Mn44-xCrxSn8 (x = 0, 1.5, 3, 5, 6 and 6.5) alloys has been systematically investigated. The replacement of Mn by Cr changed the alloy microstructure from a single-phase martensite to a refined eutectic dual-phase microstructure consisting of a martensitic/austenitic matrix and a γ phase. The volume fraction of the γ phase increased progressively with increasing the Cr doping. The γ phase formation altered the composition and e/a ratio of the matrix phase. As a result, the martensitic temperatures and the entropy change of the transformation showed a decrease in these alloys. The Cr-doped eutectic Ni–Co–Mn–Sn alloy exhibited superior mechanical properties attributed to the well dispersed γ phase lamellar grains for effective crack retardation while retaining the metamagnetic phase transformation. The compressive strength and ductility of alloys are notably enhanced from 290 MPa to 1420 MPa and from 6.7% to 15.8% respectively with Cr doping from 0 at% to 6.5 at%.

This paper investigates the effects of post-deposition annealing on the evolution of phase structure and magnetic properties of magnetron sputtered Ni2FeGa/Si (001) thin films. The results revealed that the as-deposited film was partially crystallized in an fcc structure, i.e. [Formula: see text] phase. Crystallization of the amorphous structure into the [Formula: see text] phase was greatly encouraged following annealing at 723 K for 1 h. Annealing at higher temperatures for the same period triggered the formation of the bcc austenitic phase, which competed with the [Formula: see text] phase simultaneously for crystallization and grain growth. The evolution of phase structure and grain size also influenced the nanomechanical properties of the films according to the nanoindentation measurement. The film annealed at 873 K for 1 h showed high hardness and elastic modulus values of 11.1 GPa and 156 GPa. The [Formula: see text] phase showed stronger ferromagnetic characteristics relative to the bcc austenite due to the richer Fe content. This leads to the saturation magnetization to be maximized at 80 emu/g when annealed at 773 K for 1 h attributed to the enhanced film crystallinity and dominant volume fraction of [Formula: see text] phase in the thin film.

This study documents a holistic approach, combining mineralogical, geochemical and textural data to characterize the decorative earthen plaster of the 2nd century BCE. Buddhist rock cut caves of Karle in Western India. The analytical examination was carried out by the use of a petrological microscope, Laser particle size analysis, thin section analysis, XRF (X Ray fluorescence), XRD (X Ray Diffraction), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and Raman spectroscopy in addition to the monitoring of environmental parameters. The results indicate that the local clayey soil, which is abundantly available in the high rain fed western coastal areas, was utilized for the earliest earthen plaster works. The characteristics of the clay seem to have been modified by mixing calcite and an organic adhesive. Rounded sub-angular aggregates derived from disintegration of basaltic rock and rice husk were added to influence shrinkage properties of the plaster. In addition to a better understanding of the technology and composition of ancient India's early earthen plasterworks, scientific data from the analysis was used to plan the composition of restoration plaster.

This paper study the occurrence of aragonite–vaterite–calcite: Polymorphs of CaCO 3 in the ancient lime plaster works of south India’s Alampur group of temples that was under submerged condition due to past construction of Srisailam hydroelectric dam on Tungabhadra river just nearby the temples. For the proper examination of the Alampur plaster, we used analytical methods such as onsite observation, petrological thin section, XRF, XRD, FTIR, SEM – EDX and Raman Spectroscopy. The presence of polymorphs of CaCO 3 was confirmed through XRD, FTIR, SEM – EDX and Raman Spectra of the plaster. The occurrence of CaCO 3 polymorphs may be due to the action of invertebrates on initial submergence, self healing of the lime due to wet and dry cycle in the presence of Mg that promoted the formation of polymorphs. Microscopic mineralogical analysis showed mixing of sub-angular to sub-rounded, medium to low maturity sand and coarse silt character aggregates of silica rich lithology. The identification of phthalocyanine blue dye in the plaster by Raman spectroscopy may be part of present day rituals. This work is a holistic approach to find out the composition of ancient lime towards protecting the sand stone masonry of the temple by applying compatible lime plasters to arrest the deterioration.

We report the effect of post-annealing on the crystalline phase, grain growth, magnetic and mechanical properties of Ni–Mn–Ga thin films deposited at room temperature followed by post-annealing at different temperatures. The phase and microstructural analysis reveal that amorphous to crystalline transformation occurs in as-deposited films after post-annealing above 873 K. The transformation of disordered phase into nanocrystalline phase by the influence of annealing has been confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The crystalline films exhibit soft magnetic behavior with the Curie temperature of 314 K, while the amorphous films exhibit the Pauli-paramagnetic behavior even down to 4 K. The mechanical properties like hardness and elastic modulus of the films also show a strong dependence on the annealing temperature with crystalline film exhibiting maximum values of 6 GPa and 103 GPa, respectively. The Ni–Mn–Ga film annealed at 873 K exhibits enhanced nanomechanical properties and room temperature ferromagnetism which make this a potential candidate for use in MEMS devices.

The structure and the magnetic transitions have been investigated as a function of Mn in stoichiometric Ni2MnGa heusler alloys. Particular attention is paid to examine the linear increase of martensite transformation temperature on substituting Mn for Ga. It is observed that the martensite temperature increases and Curie temperature decreases with the effect of Mn content. Room-temperature magnetic measurements show the composition-dependent characteristics with decreasing magnetic saturation values and increasing coercivity values due to decrease in the magnetic exchange interaction strength with increasing Mn in place of Ga. The scanning electron microscopy image confirms that the Mn-rich alloys have the martensitic plates.

The historic decorative lime plasters of Ellora caves, dated back to 6–11th century A.D have been investigated for their mineralogical, micro-structure and chemical characterization. The analytical studies were performed by means of optical microscopy, XRF, laser particle size analyzer, FTIR, XRD, Raman Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope and thermal analyzer. Traditional lime plaster is applied in 2–3 layers above the host rock but interestingly the techniques differ at India’s Ellora cave. From the analytical data it appears that all the lime plaster is composed of mixture of feebly dolomitic lime binder (aerial lime) mixed with fine to medium grained siliceous aggregates with addition of Cannabis sativa (Canabeacease) as an organic filler. The finding indicates that hempcrete technology was known to the ancient Indians in 6th century A.D and probably this is the first authentic report about the use of cannabis as filler in ancient lime plaster.

Polycrystalline Ni-Mn-Ga ferromagnetic shape-memory thin films have been deposited on Si (100) substrates using a direct-current magnetron sputtering technique. The microstructure and the temperature dependence of magnetic properties of the films have been investigated by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and thermomagnetic measurements. As-deposited Ni50.2Mn30.6Ga19.2 film showed quasi-amorphous structure with paramagnetic nature at room temperature. When annealed at 873 K, the quasi-amorphous film attained crystallinity and possessed L21 cubic ordering with high magnetic transition temperature. Saturation magnetization and coercivity values for the annealed film were found to be 220 emu/cm3 and 70 Oe, respectively, indicating soft ferromagnetic character with low magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The magnetic transitions of the film deposited at 100 W were above room temperature, making this a potential candidate for use in microelectromechanical system devices.

The phase structure and magnetic behavior of sputter deposited and annealed Ni–Mn–Ga thin films of varying thickness have been studied. The as-deposited films exhibited quasi-amorphous structure having paramagnetic nature at room temperature. After annealing at 873 K for 30 min ferromagnetic ordering is recovered and the quasi-amorphous structure has changed to nanocrystalline structure. At low film thickness ( 1 ) and martensite phases while at thickness greater than 1000 nm ordered L1 2 phase was observed. The magnetic properties were found to strongly depend on the structure of the constituent phases in the films.

Al-decorated, single-walled carbon nanotube has been investigated for hydrogen storage applications by using Density Functional Theory (DFT) based calculations. Single Al atom-decorated on (8,0) CNT adsorbs upto six H 2 molecules with a binding energy of 0.201 eV/H 2 . Uniform decoration of Al atom is considered for hydrogen adsorption. The first Al atom has a binding energy of 1.98 eV on (8,0) CNT and it decreases to 1.33 eV/Al and 0.922 eV/Al respectively, when the number of Al atoms is increased to four and eight. Each Al atom in (8,0) CNT-8Al adsorbs four H 2 molecules, without clustering of Al atoms, and the storage capacity reaches to 6.15 wt%. This gravimetric storage capacity is higher than the revised 2015 target of U.S Department of Energy (DOE). The average adsorption binding energy of H 2 in (8,0) CNT-8(Al+4H 2 ), i.e. 0.214 eV/H 2 , lies between 0.20 and 0.60 eV/H 2 which is required for adsorbing and desorbing H 2 molecules at near ambient conditions. Thus, Al-decorated (8,0) CNT is proposed as a good hydrogen storage medium which could be useful for onboard automobile applications, at near ambient conditions.

Lithium decoration is an effective strategy for improving the hydrogen adsorption binding energy and the storage capacity in carbon nanostructures. Here, it is shown that Li-decorated double carbon vacancy graphene (DVG) can be used as an efficient hydrogen storage medium by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) based calculations. The Li binding energy in DVG is 4.04 eV, which is much higher than that of pristine graphene. A maximum of four hydrogen molecules adsorb on Li decorated on one side of DVG and this leads to a gravimetric storage capacity of 3.89 wt% with an average adsorption binding energy of 0.23 eV/H 2 . When Li is decorated on both sides of DVG, the gravimetric storage capacity reaches 7.26 wt% with a binding energy of 0.26 eV/H 2 which shows that desorption would take place at ambient conditions.

This paper addresses the results of mineralogical and physico-chemical investigation of 16 th century Mughal plaster of Bibi Ka Maqbara, the Taj of Deccan. The study investigated micro-morphological structure of various components of the plaster for the great to provide a basis for future restoration. The investigation on particle size distribution of aggregates in the plaster was carried and the result correlated to the strength of the plaster. Sieve/petrological analysis indicate the addition of creamy white zeolites (also detected by Raman spectrum) along with crushed amygdaloidal basalt of different grain sizes as aggregate in the plaster. The component material of the plaster and its purity has been studied through thermal analysis. The outer plaster layer was characterized for addition of hygroscopic organic additive with active carbonyl group by FTIR spectroscopy. The SEM images show salt crystallization in the pores as one of the reason for failure of plaster at some location, probably due to recent conservation with cement mortars/plaster of paris.

Adsorption binding energies have been calculated for Nickel-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Density Functional Theory (DFT) with double numerical polarization (DNP) has been used for finding the total energies of the structures. It is found that the Nickel doped CNTs show fluctuation in the binding energies of hydrogen adsorption which is overcome by passivating the Nickel atom with two hydrogen atoms. The density of states (DOS) and Mullikan atomic charge analysis have been carried to confirm the charge transfer from Ni to the carbon atoms of the CNT. The smallest CNT (diameter ≈ 4 A) with the chirality of (5,0) has been taken for hydrogen adsorption studies. Geometry optimization shows that Ni atom prefers bridge site rather than the centre of the hexagon. The H 2 binding energies obtained in the present study reveal that desorption would take place above room temperature in Ni doped (5,0) CNTs.

Mud Plaster Wall Paintings of Bhaja Caves: Composition and Performance Characteristics

Polycrystalline Ni-Mn-Ga thin films have been deposited on Si (100) substrate with different film thickness. The influence of film thickness on the phase structure and magnetic domain of the films has been examined by scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy and magnetic force microscopy. Analysis of structural parameters indicates that the film at lower thickness exhibits the coexistence of both austenite and martensite phase, whereas at higher thickness L12 cubic non magnetic phase is noticed. The grains size and the surface roughness increase along with the film thickness and attain the maximum of 45 nm and 34.96 nm, respectively. At lower film thickness, the magnetic stripe domain is found like maze pattern with dark and bright images, while at higher thickness the absence of stripe domains is observed. The magnetic results reveal that the films strongly depend on their phase structure and microstructure which influence by the film thickness.

Ni-Mn-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloy is mainly focused from the class of active materials be- cause of their large field induced strain. They exhibit strains up to 10% with respect to the applied magnetic field through twin boundary motion in the martensite phase. This is the main advantage of this material which could over- come the frequency bound of the conventional shape memory alloys. Ni-Mn-Ga FSMAs show much large field-induced strain at low frequencies than do other active materials such as piezoelectrics or magentostrictors. When the twin boundaries are moving back and forth, the hysteresis connected to this motion provides vibration damping part of the damping bases on the magnetoelastic properties of the materials. The excellent damping properties of Ni-Mn-Ga alloys are bonded with the correct polymer matrix makes possible to develop new damping materials which are effective, less expensive and easier to form than bulk Ni-Mn-Ga. They can suit well to be used in the correct site for effective damp- ing in special engineering applications. In this article, we have prepared the composite materials and reported its basic characterization and the damping behavior of composite materials.

Ni-Mn-Ga Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys (FSMA) are highly interested in industrial actuators and energy harvesters because of its uniqueness in microstructure and multiple phases of these materials at different temperatures. The type of crystal structure, lattice parameters and magnetic properties depend on the alloy composition. The transformation and crystallographic properties are usually mapped to average number of valence electrons per atom. The present work deals with the fundamental characterization of single crystal and polycrystalline nature of these alloys. Though, the polycrystal shows low magnetic field induced stain (MFIS), the easy preparation techniques and cost effective aspects compared with the single crystals makes an impressive interest in dealing with that. The structural, thermal and magnetic parameters are observed and compared for these single and polycrystals.

Ferromagnetic Ni2MnGa nanoparticles were prepared by post milling and annealing method. Differential scanning calorimetry studies confirm absence of martensitic and Curie transformation in the disordered state. It was found that the bulk alloy was annealed into a well-defined 7 M structure at around 1073 K. The residual stress of nanoparticles induced the disordered phase to transform into a NM tetragonal phase through atomic ordering. Thermo hysteresis curve of the 'disordered' powder was linear and revealed very low moment indicative of paramagnetic nature. It is confirmed that the martensitic transformation in nanosized particles is predominantly dependent on the strain and the particles size.

The administration of high/low dose of anesthesia during surgery may cause lethal effect to the patient. To avoid such situation, the anesthetist administers few milliliters of anesthesia at regular intervals to the patient. To overcome such tedi-ous problems, this project aims to design an effective microcontroller based automatically operated anesthesia machine. In the proposed Automatic Anesthesia Regularization System, anesthesia level is controlled by multi-task feedback and microcontroller system, based on patient’s condition. The Automatic Anesthesia Controller designed using microcontroller aids to control anesthesia levels during the course of surgery. Mechanical syringe infusion pump is provided to deliver an-esthesia to the patient. The anesthetist can set the keypad to administer the dose of anesthesia in terms of milliliters per hour. The keypad transmits the analog signal to the microcontroller to control the required dose of anesthesia to be fed into DC motor to operate injection pump. The anesthesia was administered based on patient’s body condition and move-ment of syringe in the forward or backward direction based on the rotation of DC motor. This module will play a major role in the field of medicine and useful to the physicians during major surgery to provide the desire amount of anesthesia.

The optical absorption spectra of 3.6 MeV 12 C ions irradiated low-density polyethylene (LDPE) show the gradual increase in the optical absorption and the shift from the near UV to the visible region with increase in ion fluence. The increase in absorption may be attributed to the generation of a conjugated system of bonds, which are also corroborated by FTIR. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies reveal that the formation of linear network structure occurred at relatively lower ion fluence of 5×10 13 ions/cm 2 .

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was irradiated with 4 MeV protons at different ion fluences. Chemical modifications were studied by UV–vis and Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Further, the changes in free volume holes were studied using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. The different UV–vis absorption spectra show the maximum absorption at around 280 nm for the lower fluences whereas at the highest fluence a red shift is observed. This indicates formation of chromophoric groups that have the maximum absorption in that region. The formation of vinylidine, trans-vinylene, end-vinyl group, unsaturated linkage and carbonyl group were detected from FT-IR spectra. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy reveals that the free volume hole size and their relative fraction first decrease, attaining a minimum value and subsequently increases with increase in ion fluence. These changes in free volume holes have been well correlated with the observed chemical transformations.

We analyze the electronic structure and adsorption binding energy of CO and CO2 molecules adsorbed on Ir4 and Pt4 clusters by using Density functional theory (DFT). It is found that the Ir4 cluster has more adsorption binding energy than Pt4 cluster. We show that the Ir and Ir - supported materials are good catalytic materials and could be useful for gas sensor applications.

Porous graphene (PG) has been decorated with Li atoms and subsequently studied the hydrogen (H2) adsorption characteristics, by using Density Functional Theory (DFT)-based calculations. A 2×2 PG has been decorated with eight Li atoms. Upto four H2 molecules get adsorbed on each Li atom. The maximum H2 storage capacity that could be achieved in 2×2PG-8Li is 8.95 wt% which is higher than the U.S. DOE’s revised target for the on-board vehicles. The average H2 adsorption binding energy is 0.535 eV/H2, which lies between 0.2-0.6 eV/H2 that is required for achieving adsorption and desorption at near ambient conditions. Thus, Li-decorated PG could be a viable option for on-board automobile applications.

Ni-Mn-Ga-Fe/PU polymer composite is prepared to investigate the damping behavior by using an indigenous experimental setup. The excellent damping properties of Ni-Mn-Ga-Fe alloys bonded with polymer matrix makes possible to develop new damping materials which are effective, less expensive and easier than bulk Ni-Mn-Ga. At low frequency, the stress amplitude increases and then smoothly decreases on increasing the frequency.

Polyethersulphone (PES) was irradiated with 4 MeV proton, 3.6 MeV C+, and 145 MeV Ne6+ ions at different ion fluences. The linear energy transfer dependence on ion-induced spectral changes was analyzed by ultraviolet–visible, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. The gradual red shift with the increase in optical absorption was observed in the region of 350–500 nm for proton and 400–800 nm for C+ and Ne6+ ions irradiated PES. The gradual shift in absorption may be attributed to the formation of carbonaceous clusters. The gradual decrease in optical band gap indicates increase in cluster sizes. When PES was irradiated with protons, loss in fluorescence emission intensity at 440 nm was observed, although there was no change in spectral shape. In contrast, C+ and Ne6+ ion irradiated PES showed blue shift with concomitant loss in intensity and the formation of new peak at 575 nm. In fact, heavier ions are found to be more effective in inducing physicochemical modifications in PES. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 1591–1597, 2006

Beryllium (Be)-decorated graphene with 585 double carbon vacancy defect and nitrogen-doped porphyrin defect are investigated for hydrogen storage applications using the first principle calculation based on density functional theory. It is found that the Be atom disperses well in the defective sites of graphene and prevents clustering. For the case of Be-decorated 585 double vacancy graphene, only two H2 molecules are adsorbed via Kubas interaction with the stretched H–H bond length of 0.8 Å. In Be-decorated porphyrin defect graphene system, four H2 molecules are molecularly chemisorbed with the H–H bond length of 0.77 Å. The chemisorptions are due to the hybridization between Be-p orbital and the H-[Formula: see text] orbital. The average binding energy of H2 molecule is found to be 0.43[Formula: see text]eV/H2 which lies within the required range that can permit recycling of H2 molecules under ambient conditions.

Software defect detection has been an important topic of research in the field of software engineering for more than a decade. This research work aims to evaluate the performance of supervised machine learning techniques on predicting defective software through data mining algorithms. This paper places emphasis on the performance of classification algorithms in categorizing seven datasets (CM1, JM1, MW1, KC3, PC1, PC2, PC3 and PC4) under two classes namely Defective and Normal. In this study, publicly available data sets from different organizations are used. This permitted us to explore the impact of data from different sources on different processes for finding appropriate classification models. We propose a computational framework using data mining techniques to detect the existence of defects in software components. The framework comprises of data pre-processing, data classification and classifier evaluation. In this paper; we report the performance of twenty classification algorithms on seven publicly available datasets from the NASA MDP Repository. Random Tree Classification algorithm produced 100 percent accuracy in classifying the datasets and hence the features selected by this technique were considered to be the most significant features. The results were validated with suitable test data.