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Purpose of the research. To study the effect of nutritional support on the results of treatment of patients after liver resection for its focal neoplasms.Materials and methods. Nutritional status at the pre- and inpatient stages was studied based on the examination of 74 patients with focal liver neoplasms. Through a comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination, were identified groups of patients with mild, moderate and severe malnutrition were identified. Comparison groups were formed from them to develop corrective measures aimed at minimizing the phenomena of nutritional deficiency and reducing the frequency ofpurulent- septic complications from wounds.Results. As a result of the study, it was revealed that after undergoing large and extended liver resections, a mild degree of malnutrition was noted in 18 (47.4%) patients in the main group and in 16 (44.4%) patients in the control group (p = 0.796). The average degree of malnutrition was recorded in 7 (18.4%) patients in the main group and in 5 (13.9%) patients in the control group (p = 0.641). Severe malnutrition was observed in 3 (7.9% and 8.3%, respectively) patients in the analyzed groups (p = 0.796). It has been proven that the use of ATP allows accelerating the normalization of nutritional status in patients who underwent liver resection, compared with patients who did not receive nutritional support, up to 5.5 ± 2.2 days compared to 12.8 ± 3.9 in the second group (p Conclusion. The use of ATP allows to normalize the nutritional status in patients who underwent liver resection, compared with patients who did not receive nutritional support, up to 5.5 ± 2.2 days compared to 12.8 ± 3.9 in the second group (p < 0.001). After liver resection in the early postoperative period, nutritional support with enteral nutrition on day 2 after surgery allows improving PS markers, which, as a result, helps to reduce the number of purulent- septic complications by 9% compared to patients who did not receive nutritional support.

The purpose of the study: To evaluate the clinical and functional state of the pancreas, liver and intestinal microbiota in patients with chronic biliary- dependent pancreatitis (CKD) after cholecystectomy.Materials and methods. 110 patients with CKD were examined, who were divided into 2 groups: group 1–58 patients (CKD) with a history of cholecystectomy. Group 2–52 patients with CKD with concomitant GI. The control group consisted of 35 practically healthy people. Patients with CKD with preserved gallbladder formed a comparison group with the main group. Cholecystectomy was performed according to urgent indications in most cases, but in some cases it was performed “prophylactically” with asymptomatic GI.All patients underwent:• ultrasound elastometry of the liver on the device “FibroScan” (“EchoSens”, France).• the study of the ability of cells to produce cytokines — TNF-a and TGF-b was determined by the enzyme immunoassay using test systems manufactured by the company “Cytokine” (St. Petersburg) and the company “R&D systems” (USA).• study of the concentration of pancreatic elastase-1 in feces by ELISA using test systems of the company “ScheBoBiotech” (Germany).• determination of the absolute and relative content of FGC (C2-C4) by gas-liquid chromatographic analysis in blood serum and faeces on the Crystal 2000 M chromatograph.Conclusion. In patients with CKD with a history of cholecystectomy, there are more significant violations of the metabolic activity of the intestinal microflora, lipid metabolism, liver fibrosis indicators, the severity of external secretory pancreatic insufficiency (VSN pancreas), which is accompanied by an increase in cytokine levels: TGF-b and TNF-a, an increase in the absolute content of short- chain fatty acids (FFA) in blood serum and feces and multidirectional changes in their spectrum, depending on the severity of the pancreatic VSN, the stage of liver steatosis, cholesterol levels compared with those of patients with CKD with preserved LC.

Aim was to study the prevalence of gastrointestinal tract pathology and the state of intestinal biocenosis among bronchial asthma patients.Materials and methods: 93 patients with asthma in the exacerbation stage who had diseases of the gastrointestinal tract were examined. Instrumental, immunological, bacterial studies of the respiratory and digestive organs were carried out.The results of our study indicate a relationship between the development of bronchial asthma and gastrointestinal pathology due to negative environmental effects, stress, glucocorticosteroid therapy, changes in general and local protective reactions against a background of a chronic disease involving organ barriers with an autoimmune pathogenesis mechanism in the pathological process.

Fecalitis are one of the key factors of inflammation of the diverticular mucosa and the complications in diverticular disease of the colon. AIM. To study the results of endoscopic treatment with removal of fecalitis in diverticular disease complicated by chronic diverticulitis. Materials and methods. Between 2015 and 2019, the study included 87 patients with chronic recurrent diverticulitis. All patients received the same conservative treatment, and the main group (42 patients) underwent endoscopic rehabilitation of diverticulae. Evaluation of results of endoscopic scale (Mayo), histological scale (Reilly) and laboratory tests (fecal calprotectin) activity of the severity of inflammation of the mucous membrane of the colon showed significantly relief of inflammatory activity in the mucosa of diverticula, which contributed to a more rapid recovery of patients and reducing the frequency of relapses.

Aim was to study the prevalence of gastrointestinal tract pathology and the state of intestinal biocenosis among bronchial asthma patients. Materials and methods: 93 patients with asthma in the exacerbation stage who had diseases of the gastrointestinal tract were examined. Instrumental, immunological, bacterial studies of the respiratory and digestive organs were carried out. The results of our study indicate a relationship between the development of bronchial asthma and gastrointestinal pathology due to negative environmental effects, stress, glucocorticosteroid therapy, changes in general and local protective reactions against a background of a chronic disease involving organ barriers with an autoimmune pathogenesis mechanism in the pathological process.

A clinical case of sphenoid sinus fungal ball was presented and interested for non-typical computer tomography imaging features, resulting in the patient was threatening from nonspecific sphenoid sinusitis throughout the year. A long persisted fungal ball became malignant. The imaging data of sphenoid sinus fungal ball in the onset and manifestation of the disease was analyzed. By presentation of the clinical case the importance of analyzing sinus bone wall remodeling by means of computer tomography and using of magnetic resonance imaging in a case of a timely fashion diagnosis of sphenoid fungal ball was shown.

The abrupt onset and prolonged state of the COVID-19 (SARS-COV-2) pandemic has radically altered medicine. Clinical care, research, and training have experienced significant disruption, with a call to balance safety and well-being. With regard to training future researchers and clinicians, residencies and fellowship programs have pivoted from standard in-person curricula to virtual formats to decrease possible virus exposure and spread. The postdoctoral training usually take place by using of distance elements of international e-learning platforms, such as Zoom and Google Classroom. There are different controversial opinions due distance training of doctors. Purpose of study: evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of distance learning of doctors in cycles of thematic improvement. Material and methods of research. An anonymous survey of 219 physicians of therapeutic specialties who underwent distance learning at the Department of Therapy and Family Medicine of Postgraduate Education of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University in the period from January 1 to May 25, 2022 was carried. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic characteristics and survey responses. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were conducted. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Quantitative data analysis was conducted using statistical package Statistica 12. Results of study. Among of the 219 surveyed doctors, the vast majority of people studied at thematic courses repeatedly. 176 (80.4%) respondents were female. General practitioners, and physicians predominated among the physicians. The vast majority of doctors are satisfied with the remote format of thematic courses and their content. The majority of respondents (105 (47.9%) people) were in favor of a mixed system of education in the future, which would combine elements of distance education with the opportunity to study at the clinical bases of the department. Only distance learning in the future was noted by 90 (41.1%) doctors (χ2 = 2.08; p = 0.15). 10 (4.6%) people prefer to study on the basis of the department. Conclusions. 1. The distance format of thematic learning courses during of the COVID-19 pandemic is acceptable to the vast majority of physicians. 2. It is necessary to develop a hybrid model of thematic improvement cycles in the future, which would harmoniously combine elements of distance and academic medical education.

Cardiovascular diseases cause approximately one-third of all deaths in the world, of which 7.5 million deaths are estimated to be due to ischemic heart disease (IHD). Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and sudden death cause most IHD-related deaths, which represent 1.8 million deaths per year. Established, that patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are more likely to experience of ACS and heart failure and are at greater risk for dying after an acute cardiac event, than patients without diabetes. The purpose of this study is evaluation of leukocyte and its populations count, leukocytes indices and plasma level of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCPR) in patients hospitalized due to ACS with or without of 2 type DM. Material and Methods. We observed of 124 patients with ACS which were randomized into two groups: 1st group – 93 patients with ACS and DM; 2nd group – 31 patients with ACS without 2 type DM. 30 apparently healthy persons were included into control group. We studied of leukocytes count and their subpopulations in blood; calculated of their subpopulation indices: neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio (NLR), neutrophils to monocytes ratio (NMR), neutrophils to lymphocytes+monocytes ratio (N/LMR), lymphocytes to monocytes ratio (NMR) at admission. The plasma levels of hs-CRP were detected by ELISA method. Results of study. The significant increase of white blood cells count and neutrophils count in patients with ACS at admission was detected in our study, especially in cases with DM. On the contrary, the counts of lymphocytes were decreased in patients with ACS and ACS with 2 type DM, versus data in control group. In patient with ACS the increased parameter of NMR was observed (p

Ischemic heart disease is a leader in the structure of causes of both global and cardiovascular and sudden cardiac deaths. In recent years, there has been a steady increase in this figure around the world. The article presents statistics on mortality due to coronary heart disease in different countries, including Ukraine, and its place in the structure of mortality for all reasons. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the course and consequences of coronary heart disease is analyzed, as well as the recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology on the strategy of such patients.

Introduction. Separation chambers are designed and built for separate and partially separate sewerage systems. Their main function is to separate the flow of relatively clean water during heavy rain. This allows the discharge of such water without treatment into water bodies or storage tanks. The approach reduces the load of wastewater treatment plants. To design separation chambers, we need to understand how their design features affect the process of flow separation. It is possible to study the hydraulic characteristics of separation chambers of any design with the help of computer simulation. Two designs of separation chambers were investigated: a circular spillway with a full-scale prototype and a spiral spillway proposed by the authors. Methods. The research was based on simulation in the ANSYS CFX finite element analysis software. For each design, a series of five experiments with different incoming flow rates was performed. Results. Models of two types of separation chambers were developed and qualitatively evaluated. The hydraulic characteristics were established and quantified: the uniformity of the flow discharged for treatment and the spillway discharge coefficient. Conclusion. As a result, a principled approach was formed and tested. Using this approach, it is possible to study the hydraulic characteristics of separation chambers of various designs for their further use in the sewerage system.

The article is devoted to a general structural-energy analysis of the phenomenon of friction and consideration of a tribosystem as the central concept of tribology. Friction is studied as a transformational energy process with a systemic property and obeys the energy balance equation. The structural-energy model of elastic–plastic deformation of contact volumes is accepted as the main mechanism of energy transformation and dissipation during friction. The existence of a certain critical friction volume is indicated. The friction energy balance equation is considered, which represents friction as competition between two simultaneously acting, interrelated, and opposite micro-processes in the contact volume: the accumulation of latent (potential) energy of various defects in a crystal structure and its transformation and dissipation. The energy interpretation of the friction coefficient is given, and the diagrammatic regularities of the structural and energy evolution of rubbing surfaces (friction contact) are analyzed. The area of existence of an elementary tribosystem is determined. The regularities of the most complete evolution of equilibrium friction contact (elementary tribosystem) to the formation of a set of mechanical (nano) quanta—tribosubsystems—are formulated. An elementary tribosystem is defined as an integer consisting of a set. The study substantiates the practical areas of the diagrammatic existence of run-in and compatibility, the ranges of friction and antifriction, and the limits of technological and machine friction.

The article considers the problem of silting-up of sewage inverted siphons. A review of modern methods of hydraulic flushing is presented. To ensure reliable and energy-efficient operation of the inverted siphon, it is proposed to use the air cushion effect. To ensure the stable operation of the structure, a simulation of the inverted siphon installation was performed, consisting of two sections with nodes for receiving runoff from the drop risers, a node that provides water removal and a node for regulating the pressure in the air cushion. As a result of the simulation, there has been obtained the distribution of the volume fraction of the water phase and the gas phase, the pressure distribution in the horizontal and vertical inverted siphon pipelines and the values of the flow velocity during the formation of the air cushion. The use of separation partition walls at the ends of horizontal siphon pipelines allows creating autonomous air cushions and regulating the work for each section separately. The adaptation of the air cushion inverted siphon technology in relation to the main sewer system is considered to be promising.

The article deals with the problem of the negative impact of sewage gases on the sanitary and environmental conditions of the urban environment. There was performed monitoring of gases at a section of the sewer network with three observation wells as the most common type of structures. To control gas concentration, measuring equipment was installed in the wells for twenty four hours. According to the results of the survey, there was established the presence of methane and an increased content of carbon dioxide in the system. Also, a one-shot measurement of gas concentration in the environment near the wells was carried out. Based on the monitoring results at the observation wells, a low potential of the air pollution has been identified.

Introduction. When sewage is transported along sewer pipes, sewer gases are actively formed and released. Special attention (in terms of desorption capacity) should be paid to surge chambers characterized by changes in the flow and flow arrival conditions, as well as by drop flow. The release of sewage gases has an adverse effect on sanitary and environmental safety. Therefore, it is required to control sewage gases’ release and assess the condition of the ambient air and the air in the surge chamber space. Methods. We selected a surge chamber in Cherepovets for monitoring. The experiment included: 1) measurements of sewer gases’ concentrations in the surge chamber and in the ambient air near the hatch; 2) analysis of dissolved hydrogen sulfide concentration in sewage; 3) recording of climate characteristics. Results. Based on the monitoring results, we determined the concentrations of sewer gases in the surge chamber. It has been found that gases leave the chamber in portions, which is due to aerodynamic processes and airing owing to incomplete air tightness. The relationship between the gas concentrations recorded at the same time in the surge chamber and the ambient air is reversed. The analysis of wastewater samples showed that most part of hydrogen sulfide leaves the water medium before wastewater enters the air space of the surge chamber. This is due to the absence of overpressure in the last headrace section. Besides, the maximum allowable concentrations were exceeded manifold both in the chamber and in the ambient air near it. Conclusion. The monitoring results confirm that it is required to develop: methods for assessing the environmental impact of surge chambers; methods for predicting total and one-time maximum emissions in the facilities; recommendations for setting the boundaries of sanitary protection zones around such facilities.

We present results of analytical and numerical analysis of spatial solitons with polarization singularities in wide-aperture surface-emitting semiconductor lasers with saturable absorption. Singularities includes C-points with circular polarization and L-lines with linear polarization.

Chemical composition of a phenolic complex of the Siberian spruce bark (Picea obovata Ledeb.) and a structure of oligomeric phenolic compounds composing the bark were studied. The samples of the spruce bark were collected in the vicinity of Lake Baikal in September 2015. Extractive substances were recovered from the crushed bark by extraction with ethyl acetate at the boiling point of the solvent for 4 h. The resinous substances were extracted from the ethyl acetate extracts with hexane by infusion for three days. The samples of bark after extraction with ethyl acetate were dried from solvent residues, and then water-soluble substances were isolated by extraction with distilled water at 90°C for 4 h. The yields of the extractive substances extracted with ethyl acetate and water from the spruce bark on absolutely dry matter were 3.4 and 6.9%, respectively. The relative percentage content of phenolic compounds in the ethyl acetate extract of the spruce bark was 42.4%. The ethyl acetate extract of a spruce bark, pretreated with hexane, was fractionated on a silica gel column using a mixture of chloroform–acetone as the eluent with an increase in the fraction of the latter (from 0 to 100%). The content of monomeric and oligomeric, polymeric phenolic compounds in the extract was determined. Based on the data of 1Н and 13C NMR spectroscopy, it was established that the flavonoid dihydroquercetin and stilbene glycosides isorhapontin and astringin were the main monomeric phenolic extractive substances of Siberian spruce bark. It was shown that the structure of oligomeric phenolic compounds of the spruce bark includes structural fragments of stilbene glycosides, mainly monomeric blocks with the structure of isorhapontin and astringin.

The paper presents the results of an analysis of hydrological data obtained on cruise 89 of the R/V Professor Vodyanitskii from September 30 through October 19, 2016, in the central area of the northern Black Sea. Currents were measured using a lowered acoustic Doppler current profiler (LADCP) to a depth of 350 m. Examples of the current velocity profiles and conditional density at individual stations are presented. The averaged characteristics of the vertical current structure in the seasonal and permanent pycnoclines are discussed. The isopycnally averaged kinetic energy (KE) demonstrates an almost linear dependence on the conditional density (σθ). In the seasonal pycnocline, EK = 0.2–0.013σθ; in the permanent pycnocline, EK = 0.12–0.007σθ. An interpretation is given for the variability of the kinetic energy with depth. It is shown that the maxima of the averaged vertical shear profile correspond to the occurrence depth of the seasonal and permanent pycnoclines. The mean Richardson number has a value of ~10 in the upper sea layer and decreases with depth, assuming a value of ~3 at the 300 m horizon. The estimate for the vertical turbulent diffusion coefficient from the simplified model shows its increase with depth.

The paper presents a study of curvilinear motion of 10-ton industrial caterpillar tractors with differential steering mechanisms. Hard ground conditions and abrupt maneuvering lead to overpressure of hydrostatic drives, which form the basis of differential steering mechanisms. We proposed and verified an algorithm for steering control by the joint action of the hydrostatic drive and the stopping brake of the lagging side. In this case, the stopping brake is activated by the method of pulse-width modulation under certain conditions determined by mathematical simulation. It was shown that activation of the stopping brake under overloading of the hydrostatic drive is not effective. The same is characteristic of the stopping brake of the lagging side during the transition of trajectory change. We modeled tractor motion along a steady curved trajectory when the stopping brake of the lagging side activates. It was found that the tractor does not stop, despite the conflicting efforts of the stopping brake and hydrostatic drive under these conditions. The problem is that a hydrostatic drive is not an absolutely rigid link in a power circuit and, counteracting to the stopping brake, it either dumps the working fluid through a safety valve or transitions to a generating mode.

We investigate, analytically and numerically, tubular topological laser solitons, which serve as intermediate link between 2D- and 3D-dissipative optical solitons in media with nonlinear amplification and absorption of light or in large-size laser with such a medium. Features of both 3D-dark solitons (with nonvanishing intensity at periphery for all spatial dimensions) and bright-dark solitons (vanishing in two of three dimensions) are studied, including their stability.

We present a theoretical investigation of effect of quantum fluctuations on laser solitons. Derivation of the stochastic equation, linearized with respect to quantum perturbations is carried out and the solutions are found. Explicit expressions are obtained for the time dependence of the soliton coordinates and momentum dispersion (variance) for perturbations averaged over the reservoir. It is shown that the dispersion of the soliton momentum becomes constant. It is shown that the dispersion of quantum perturbations tends to infinity near the Andronov-Hopf bifurcation threshold. The magnitude of quantum perturbations near the threshold of the appearance of hysteresis is estimated. It is shown that quantum perturbations do not significantly noise the soliton profile even with a very low intensity tending to zero. The number of photons in such solitons without supporting radiation, can reach unity.

The article deals with the study of strength properties of materials used for horizontal road marking. The investigations were carried out on the basis of the chair “Construction and Maintenance of Roads” of MADI and NTTs “Katafot”. The tests were performed on marking materials that are most common and frequently used in the Russian Federation. Thermoplastics and cold plastics were selected for research. For the tests, up-to-date high-precision equipment (AMPT / SPT installation) was used, which made it possible to take measurements in automatic mode as well as to save and process data. During the experiments, the dependences of the dynamic modulus of thermoplastics and cold plastics on the frequency of load application (loading frequency) and temperature were investigated. The researches resulted in recommendations for the use of materials to arrange the horizontal road marking under various operating conditions. The aim of the study is to improve the quality and durability of road markings as well as to ensure road traffic safety. The current scientific work has relevance to the implementation of the national project “Safe and High-Quality Roads”.

The results of a joint analysis of the synchronous-profile ensemble of density and current velocity measured using the autonomous moored Aqualog profiler at the Gelendzhik experimental site of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology in 2013–2015 are presented. The distribution of probability density of current velocity by directions reveals the presence of two well-pronounced maxima in the southeastern and northwestern sectors at all depths of measurements, which confirms the bimodal direction of the currents in the study site. We consider in detail the vertical structure of the density stratification and the current velocity corresponding to the modes determined from the maximum of the probability density distribution of the current velocity by directions. The averaged profiles of the kinetic, potential, and total energies are given. The results of isopycnic averaging over the entire ensemble of profiles indicate that possible self-similarity exists in the dependence of the vertical distribution of density and kinetic energy.

The paper discusses the results of expeditions to the northwestern part of the Black Sea carried out in 2004–2008. Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) with an operating frequency of 150 and 300 kHz were used as the echo sounders. The characteristic scales of the spatial variability of sound scattering in the Black Sea were determined; the revealed peculiarities are interpreted. The characteristics of a deep soundscattering layer in the Black Sea are given.

A gas-tight and ductile solid/liquid δ-Bi2O3-0.2 wt% B2O3 electrolyte for molten oxide fuel cells (MOFCs) is developed. The MOFCs are a new class of intermediate temperature fuel cells. The composite, consisting of solid (δ-Bi2O3) and liquid (molten Bi2O3 + B2O3) oxygen ion-conducting phases, demonstrates the promising application as an MOFC electrolyte with the highest oxygen ionic conductivity.

We studied the chemical composition of the phenolic complex and the structure of oligomeric lignans in Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.). We used the wood of Siberian spruce collected near the city of Irkutsk. The extractives were isolated from ground wood (particle size: 10–15 mm; humidity: 5.9%) by three-stage acetone extraction. The extract was separated by consecutive treatment with the solvents with increasing polarity: hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The main amount of phenolic compounds (lignans) was concentrated in the ethyl acetate fraction and it was 0.7% in absolutely dry wood (adw).