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1. Upgrade for Phase II of the Gerda experiment

Author: GERDA Collaboration, M. Agostini, A. M. Bakalyarov, M. Balata, I. Barabanov, L. Baudis, C. Bauer, E. Bellotti, S. Belogurov, S. T. Belyaev, G. Benato, A. Bettini, L. Bezrukov, T. Bode, D. Borowicz, V. Brudanin, R. Brugnera, A. Caldwell, C. Cattadori, A. Chernogorov, V. D’Andrea, E. V. Demidova, N. Di Marco, A. Domula, E. Doroshkevich, V. Egorov, R. Falkenstein, N. Frodyma, A. Gangapshev, A. Garfagnini, P. Grabmayr, V. Gurentsov, K. Gusev, J. Hakenmüller, A. Hegai, M. Heisel, S. Hemmer, R. Hiller, W. Hofmann, M. Hult, L. V. Inzhechik, L. Ioannucci, J. Janicskó Csáthy, J. Jochum, M. Junker, V. Kazalov, Y. Kermaïdic, T. Kihm, I. V. Kirpichnikov, A. Kirsch, A. Kish, A. Klimenko, R. Kneißl, K. T. Knöpfle, O. Kochetov, V. N. Kornoukhov, V. V. Kuzminov, M. Laubenstein, A. Lazzaro, V. I. Lebedev, B. Lehnert, M. Lindner, I. Lippi, A. Lubashevskiy, B. Lubsandorzhiev, G. Lutter, C. Macolino, B. Majorovits, W. Maneschg, E. Medinaceli, M. Miloradovic, R. Mingazheva, M. Misiaszek, P. Moseev, I. Nemchenok, S. Nisi, K. Panas, L. Pandola, K. Pelczar, A. Pullia, C. Ransom, S. Riboldi, N. Rumyantseva, C. Sada, F. Salamida, M. Salathe, C. Schmitt, B. Schneider, S. Schönert, J. Schreiner, A-K. Schütz, O. Schulz, B. Schwingenheuer, O. Selivanenko, E. Shevchik, M. Shirchenko, H. Simgen, A. Smolnikov, L. Stanco, L. Vanhoefer, A. A. Vasenko, A. Veresnikova, K. von Sturm, V. Wagner, A. Wegmann, T. Wester, C. Wiesinger, M. Wojcik, E. Yanovich, I. Zhitnikov, S. V. Zhukov, D. Zinatulina, A. J. Zsigmond, K. Zuber, and G. Zuzel
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract The Gerda collaboration is performing a sensitive search for neutrinoless double beta decay of $$^{76}\hbox {Ge}$$ 76Ge at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy. The upgrade of the Gerda experiment from Phase I to Phase II has been concluded in December 2015. The first Phase II data release shows that the goal to suppress the background by one order of magnitude compared to Phase I has been achieved. Gerda is thus the first experiment that will remain “background-free” up to its design exposure ($$\hbox {100 kg}~\hbox {year}$$ 100 kgyear ). It will reach thereby a half-life sensitivity of more than $$10^{26}$$ 1026 year within 3 years of data collection. This paper describes in detail the modifications and improvements of the experimental setup for Phase II and discusses the performance of individual detector components.
Published: 2018
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2. Experiment on the Vernov satellite: Transient energetic processes in the Earth’s atmosphere and magnetosphere. Part II. First results

Author: I. A. Golovanov, O. V. Morozov, Stanislav Klimov, P. V. Mzhel’skiy, T. V. Grechko, A. S. Kovtyukh, A. Demidov, V. A. Grushin, Vera Barinova, M. Moravskiy, V. V. Krug, M. I. Panasyuk, S. T. Belyaev, S. I. Svertilov, I. V. Yashin, Pavel Klimov, J. Kim, A. V. Prokhorov, V. V. Bogomolov, E. A. Sigaeva, Ch. Ferenz, Vladimir Kalegaev, G. V. Rozhkov, P. Szegedi, S. V. Krasnopeev, Gali Garipov, L. Bodnar, N. N. Vedenkin, J.A. Jeon, Jik Lee, Il Han Park, A. V. Bogomolov, B. A. Khrenov, V. S. Morozenko, S. V. Bortnikov, E. A. Kuznetsova, Valery Korepanov, V. A. Kudryashov, Irina Myagkova, H. Rotkel, A. P. Papkov, A. F. Iyudin, D. I. Vavilov, V. V. Khartov, and Vasily Petrov
Subjects: Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Aerospace Engineering, Astronomy, Magnetosphere, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Electron, Geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Electromagnetic radiation, Atmosphere, Space and Planetary Science, Scientific Equipment, 0103 physical sciences, Satellite, Transient (oscillation), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Earth (classical element), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: We present the first experimental results on the observation of optical transients, gamma-ray bursts, relativistic electrons, and electromagnetic waves obtained during the experiment with the RELEC complex of scientific equipment on the Vernov satellite.
Published: 2016

3. Experiment on the Vernov satellite: Transient energetic processes in the Earth’s atmosphere and magnetosphere. Part I: Description of the experiment

Author: S. T. Belyaev, P. V. Mzhel’skiy, S. I. Svertilov, T. V. Grechko, Vera Barinova, M. Moravskiy, N. N. Vedenkin, Irina Myagkova, H. Rotkel, A. Demidov, Gali Garipov, A. V. Bogomolov, L. Bodnar, Jik Lee, J.A. Jeon, B. A. Khrenov, Vasily Petrov, Il Han Park, E. A. Kuznetsova, E. A. Sigaeva, S. V. Bortnikov, Pavel Klimov, I. A. Golovanov, A. P. Papkov, J. Kim, A. S. Kovtyukh, I. V. Yashin, A. V. Prokhorov, Vladimir Kalegaev, A. F. Iyudin, V. V. Krug, V. S. Morozenko, D. I. Vavilov, V. A. Kudryashov, V. V. Khartov, V. A. Grushin, Mikhail Panasyuk, G. V. Rozhkov, S. V. Krasnopeev, P. Szegedi, Valery Korepanov, V. V. Bogomolov, Ch. Ferenz, O. V. Morozov, and Stanislav Klimov
Subjects: Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Spectrometer, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Aerospace Engineering, Astronomy, Magnetosphere, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Electromagnetic radiation, Atmosphere, symbols.namesake, Space and Planetary Science, Van Allen radiation belt, Physics::Space Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Orbit (dynamics), symbols, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Satellite, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The program of physical studies on the Vernov satellite launched on July 8, 2014 into a polar (640 × 830 km) solar-synchronous orbit with an inclination of 98.4° is presented. We described the complex of scientific equipment on this satellite in detail, including multidirectional gamma-ray detectors, electron spectrometers, red and ultra-violet detectors, and wave probes. The experiment on the Vernov satellite is mainly aimed at a comprehensive study of the processes of generation of transient phenomena in the optical and gamma-ray ranges in the Earth’s atmosphere (such as high-altitude breakdown on runaway relativistic electrons), the study of the action on the atmosphere of electrons precipitated from the radiation belts, and low- and high-frequency electromagnetic waves of both space and atmospheric origin.
Published: 2016

4. Vortex rings in Bose gas

Author: S. T. Belyaev
Subjects: Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, Mathematics::Commutative Algebra, Condensed matter physics, Bose gas, Condensed Matter::Other, Phonon, Liquid helium, General Physics and Astronomy, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Roton, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Vortex, law.invention, Vortex ring, law, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Excitation
Abstract: We consider excitations that exist, in addition to phonons, in the ideal Bose gas at zero temperature. These excitations are vortex rings whose energy spectrum is similar to the roton one in liquid helium.
Published: 2016

5. Upgrade for Phase II of the GERDA Experiment

Author: GERDA Collaboration, M. Agostini, A. M. Bakalyarov, M. Balata, I. Barabanov, L. Baudis, C. Bauer, E. Bellotti, S. Belogurov, S. T. Belyaev, G. Benato, A. Bettini, L. Bezrukov, T. Bode, D. Borowicz, V. Brudanin, R. Brugnera, A. Caldwell, C. Cattadori, A. Chernogorov, V. D’Andrea, E. V. Demidova, N. Di Marco, A. Domula, E. Doroshkevich, V. Egorov, R. Falkenstein, N. Frodyma, A. Gangapshev, A. Garfagnini, P. Grabmayr, V. Gurentsov, K. Gusev, J. Hakenmüller, A. Hegai, M. Heisel, S. Hemmer, R. Hiller, W. Hofmann, M. Hult, L. V. Inzhechik, L. Ioannucci, J. Janicskó Csáthy, J. Jochum, M. Junker, V. Kazalov, Y. Kermaïdic, T. Kihm, I. V. Kirpichnikov, A. Kirsch, A. Kish, A. Klimenko, R. Kneißl, K. T. Knöpfle, O. Kochetov, V. N. Kornoukhov, V. V. Kuzminov, M. Laubenstein, A. Lazzaro, V. I. Lebedev, B. Lehnert, M. Lindner, I. Lippi, A. Lubashevskiy, B. Lubsandorzhiev, G. Lutter, C. Macolino, B. Majorovits, W. Maneschg, E. Medinaceli, M. Miloradovic, R. Mingazheva, M. Misiaszek, P. Moseev, I. Nemchenok, S. Nisi, K. Panas, L. Pandola, K. Pelczar, A. Pullia, C. Ransom, S. Riboldi, N. Rumyantseva, C. Sada, F. Salamida, M. Salathe, C. Schmitt, B. Schneider, S. Schönert, J. Schreiner, A-K. Schütz, O. Schulz, B. Schwingenheuer, O. Selivanenko, E. Shevchik, M. Shirchenko, H. Simgen, A. Smolnikov, L. Stanco, L. Vanhoefer, A. A. Vasenko, A. Veresnikova, K. von Sturm, V. Wagner, A. Wegmann, T. Wester, C. Wiesinger, M. Wojcik, E. Yanovich, I. Zhitnikov, S. V. Zhukov, D. Zinatulina, A. J. Zsigmond, K. Zuber, and G. Zuzel
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Phase (waves), FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, VETO, nucl-ex, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, DEPENDENCE, Double beta decay, LIQUID ARGON, lcsh:QB460-466, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Sensitivity (control systems), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), BETA-DECAY, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Nuclear Experiment, physics.ins-det, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), NEUTRINOS, Upgrade, GE-76, lcsh:QC770-798, SCINTILLATION, Data release, Order of magnitude
Abstract: The GERDA collaboration is performing a sensitive search for neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{76}$Ge at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy. The upgrade of the GERDA experiment from Phase I to Phase II has been concluded in December 2015. The first Phase II data release shows that the goal to suppress the background by one order of magnitude compared to Phase I has been achieved. GERDA is thus the first experiment that will remain background-free up to its design exposure (100 kg yr). It will reach thereby a half-life sensitivity of more than 10$^{26}$ yr within 3 years of data collection. This paper describes in detail the modifications and improvements of the experimental setup for Phase II and discusses the performance of individual detector components., 31 pages, 34 figures
Published: 2017

6. Search for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay with the GERDA experiment: Phase II

Author: Christian Bauer, A. Lubashevskiy, Oliver Schulz, Alberto Pullia, V. I. Gurentsov, I. R. Barabanov, M. Heisel, C. Macolino, A. Garfagnini, S. V. Zhukov, M. Balata, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, J. Schreiner, L. Vanhoefer, T. Bode, E. Doroshkevich, R. Brugnera, M. Salathe, V. V. Kazalov, V. V. Kuzminov, J. Janicsko, Manfred Lindner, T. Wester, Matteo Agostini, A.A. Smolnikov, D. R. Zinatulina, Matthias Laubenstein, C. Cattadori, Kai Zuber, Allen Caldwell, Ivano Lippi, V. Egorov, Josef Jochum, D. Palioselitis, A. Kish, S. Schoenert, K. N. Gusev, A. K. Schuetz, E. Medinaceli, V. Wagner, O. Selivanenko, J. Janicskó Csáthy, Marcin Wójcik, V. D'Andrea, W. Maneschg, C. Gooch, E. A. Yanovich, K. T. Knoepfle, Cinzia Sada, P. Grabmayr, Stefano Riboldi, A. A. Vasenko, K. von Sturm, Giovanni Benato, A. Lazzaro, A. Domula, A. Hegai, E. V. Demidova, Mikael Hult, I. Zhitnikov, M. Misiaszek, B. Schwingenheuer, B. Lehnert, G. Zuzel, C. Wiesinger, R. Mingazheva, M. Shirchenko, M. Allardt, N. Di Marco, V. I. Lebedev, V.B. Brudanin, Hardy Simgen, V. N. Kornoukhov, K. Pelczar, S. Hemmer, Alessandro Bettini, P. Moseev, Luciano Pandola, R. Kneissl, A. Kirsch, S. Belogurov, A. A. Klimenko, Laura Baudis, A. V. Veresnikova, J. Hakenmüller, Guillaume Lutter, A. M. Bakalyarov, D. Borowicz, A. Chernogorov, N. Rumyantseva, K. Panas, B. Schneider, H. Y. Liao, Werner Hofmann, R. Falkenstein, I. V. Kirpichnikov, Luca Stanco, C. Schmitt, M. Miloradovic, A. Wegmann, Igor Nemchenok, F. Salamida, Bela Majorovits, M. Junker, L. B. Bezrukov, E. Shevchik, Thomas Kihm, E. Bellotti, N. Frodyma, O.I. Kochetov, S. T. Belyaev, A. M. Gangapshev, and L. V. Inzhechik
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, chemistry, Double beta decay, Liquid argon, Underground laboratory, Phase (waves), chemistry.chemical_element, Germanium, Sensitivity (control systems), Energy (signal processing), Semiconductor detector
Abstract: The GERmanium Detector Array (GERDA) experiment, located at the Gran Sasso underground laboratory in Italy, is built for the search of $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay in $^{76}$Ge. GERDA operates bare high purity germanium detectors submersed in liquid Argon (LAr). Phase I of the experiment was completed reaching an exposure of about 21 kg$\cdot$yr with a background level of $10^{-2}$ cts/(ke V $\cdot$ kg $\cdot$ yr). GERDA Phase I set a limit on the $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay of $^{76}$Ge of $T_{1/2}^{0\nu} > 2.1 \cdot 10^{25}$ yr. In Phase II 35 kg of germanium detectors enriched in $^{76}$Ge are operated to reach an exposure of 100 kg$\cdot$yr. The design goal is to reduce the background by one order of magnitude to reach the sensitivity for $T_{1/2}^{0\nu} = \mathcal{O} (10^{26} )$ yr. The Phase II setup comprises thirty newly produced Broad Energy Germanium (BEGe) detectors. They contribute to the background reduction with better energy resolution and enhanced pulse shape discrimination. To achieve the necessary background reduction, the setup was complemented with LAr veto. The hardware upgrade for Phase II was finished and all detectors were deployed in December 2015. We present the first results of Phase II with 10.8 kg$\cdot$yr exposure reached in June 2016.
Published: 2017

7. Study of the GERDA Phase II background spectrum

Author: V. I. Gurentsov, R. Kneißl, V. G. Egorov, D. Palioselitis, V. D'Andrea, M. Balata, E. Shevzik, L. Vanhoefer, L. B. Bezrukov, V. B. Brudanin, M. Allardt, Matthias Laubenstein, A. V. Veresnikova, M. Salathe, M. Junker, M. M. Wojcik, C. Schmitt, R. Mingazheva, BayarJon Paul Lubsandorzhiev, V. Kazalov, C. Cattadori, B. Schwingenheuer, J. Janicskó Csáthy, A. Domula, R. Brugnera, A. Kish, L. V. Inzhechik, A. Lubashevskiy, A. Kirsch, Oliver Schulz, V. V. Kuzminov, Alessandro Bettini, V. Wagner, I. Zhitnikov, W. Maneschg, E. A. Yanovich, Matteo Agostini, Alberto Pullia, M. Miloradovic, A. Wegmann, C. Bauer, Igor Nemchenok, V. I. Lebedev, A. Garfagnini, Manfred Lindner, L. Stanco, Stefano Riboldi, Bela Majorovits, D. Borowicz, A. Chernogorov, E. Medinaceli, Allen Caldwell, Laura Baudis, I.V. Kirpichnikov, A.A. Vasenko, O. Selivanenko, I. R. Barabanov, B. Lehnert, S. V. Zhukov, Hardy Simgen, E.V. Demidova, S. Belogurov, M. Misiaszek, H. Y. Liao, K. Panas, D. R. Zinatulina, K. N. Gusev, K. T. Knöpfle, C. Gooch, K. von Sturm, E. Bellotti, A.-K. Schütz, Stefan Schönert, A. Hegai, N. Di Marco, E. Doroshkevich, F. Salamida, Cinzia Sada, Giovanni Benato, J. Hakenmüller, Ivano Lippi, C. Wiesinger, Werner Hofmann, Mikael Hult, M. Shirchenko, G. Zuzel, T. Bode, R. Falkenstein, Jochen Schreiner, S. Hemmer, K. Pelczar, Guillaume Lutter, B. Schneider, A. M. Bakalyarov, P. Grabmayr, J. Jochum, T. Wester, A.A. Smolnikov, A. Lazzaro, Kai Zuber, V.N. Kornoukhov, O.I. Kochetov, S. T. Belyaev, A. M. Gangapshev, Th. Kihm, P. Moseev, Luciano Pandola, A. A. Klimenko, M. Heisel, N. Rumyantseva, C. Macolino, and N. Frodyma
Subjects: Physics, History, Background spectrum, Physics and Astronomy (all), Phase (waves), Nuclear Matrix, Astrophysics, Beta Decay, Bolometers, Beta Decay, Bolometers, Nuclear Matrix, Computer Science Applications, Education
Published: 2017

8. Limits on uranium and thorium bulk content in GERDA Phase I detectors

Author: V. N. Kornoukhov, K. Pelczar, Guillaume Lutter, A. M. Bakalyarov, K. Panas, R. Falkenstein, Jochen Schreiner, C. Schmitt, D. Palioselitis, V. G. Egorov, Allen Caldwell, K. T. Knöpfle, M. Salathe, T. Wester, O. Fedorova, V. I. Gurentsov, B. Lehnert, M. Balata, N. Frodyma, E. Medinaceli, L. Vanhoefer, K. von Sturm, T. Bode, A.A. Smolnikov, C. Cattadori, Kai Zuber, Laura Baudis, Cinzia Sada, Alessandro Bettini, O.I. Kochetov, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, A. Kish, R. Mingazheva, K. Freund, Marcin Wójcik, Stefano Riboldi, M. Junker, P. Grabmayr, H. Y. Liao, B. Schwingenheuer, Giovanni Benato, A.-K. Schütz, G. Zuzel, A. Hegai, S. T. Belyaev, V. D'Andrea, M. Misiaszek, C. Wiesinger, J. Jochum, A. M. Gangapshev, M. Shirchenko, V. V. Kazalov, E. V. Demidova, I. R. Barabanov, P. Moseev, Thomas Kihm, K. N. Gusev, D. R. Zinatulina, Luciano Pandola, V. I. Lebedev, A. A. Klimenko, S. V. Zhukov, M. Allardt, R. Brugnera, Stefan Schönert, L. B. Bezrukov, S. Belogurov, M. Heisel, Mikael Hult, E. Shevchik, V. V. Kuzminov, N. Rumyantseva, Matteo Agostini, Christian Bauer, A. Kirsch, A. Wegmann, Manfred Lindner, S. Hemmer, Igor Nemchenok, L. V. Inzhechik, A. Lubashevskiy, E. Doroshkevich, Bela Majorovits, W. Maneschg, A. Lazzaro, A. di Vacri, I. V. Kirpichnikov, Werner Hofmann, A. Domula, E. A. Yanovich, C. Macolino, M. Walter, B. Schneider, O. Selivanenko, R. Kneißl, Ivano Lippi, L. Stanco, V.B. Brudanin, N. Becerici-Schmidt, Hardy Simgen, E. Bellotti, D. Borowicz, M. Stepaniuk, J. Hakemüller, A. V. Veresnikova, J. Janicskó Csáthy, A. Chernogorov, I. Zhitnikov, F. Salamida, Oliver Schulz, Alberto Pullia, A. Garfagnini, Matthias Laubenstein, V. Wagner, A. A. Vasenko, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GERDA, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, radiopurity, Isotopes of germanium, germanium: double-beta decay, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, double beta decay, Germanium, Radiopurity, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Uranium and thorium, germanium detectors, Nuclear physics, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, thorium: admixture, germanium: detector, Nuclide, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), uranium and thorium bulk content, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, background: radioactivity, Physics, Range (particle radiation), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, uranium: admixture, Thorium, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Uranium, Germanium detectors, Uranium and thorium bulk content, chemistry, radioactivity, bulk content, DOUBLE-BETA DECAY, Decay chain, GERDA
Abstract: Internal contaminations of $^{238}$U, $^{235}$U and $^{232}$Th in the bulk of high purity germanium detectors are potential backgrounds for experiments searching for neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{76}$Ge. The data from GERDA Phase~I have been analyzed for alpha events from the decay chain of these contaminations by looking for full decay chains and for time correlations between successive decays in the same detector. No candidate events for a full chain have been found. Upper limits on the activities in the range of a few nBq/kg for $^{226}$Ra, $^{227}$Ac and $^{228}$Th, the long-lived daughter nuclides of $^{238}$U, $^{235}$U and $^{232}$Th, respectively, have been derived. With these upper limits a background index in the energy region of interest from $^{226}$Ra and $^{228}$Th contamination is estimated which satisfies the prerequisites of a future ton scale germanium double beta decay experiment., Comment: 2 figures, 7 pages
Published: 2017

9. First results of GERDA Phase II and consistency with background models

Author: R. Falkenstein, D. Palioselitis, Jochen Schreiner, O. Schulz, I. V. Kirpichnikov, M. Miloradovic, E. V. Demidova, O.I. Kochetov, D. Borowicz, S. T. Belyaev, A. M. Gangapshev, R. Mingazheva, N. Frodyma, V. I. Gurentsov, Alberto Pullia, V. G. Egorov, A. Garfagnini, M. Balata, B. Schwingenheuer, R. Brugnera, V. V. Kuzminov, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, R. Kneißl, E. Shevzik, J. Hakenmüller, M. Salathe, Matteo Agostini, V. I. Lebedev, L. Vanhoefer, K. Pelczar, K. N. Gusev, Th. Kihm, Matthias Laubenstein, A. M. Bakalyarov, Marcin Wójcik, E. Doroshkevich, L. V. Inzhechik, P. Grabmayr, Alessandro Bettini, A. Kirsch, Guillaume Lutter, T. Wester, P. Moseev, S. Hemmer, V. D'Andrea, L. B. Bezrukov, Luciano Pandola, J. Jochum, F. Salamida, W. Maneschg, K. T. Knöpfle, A.A. Smolnikov, A. Lazzaro, Christian Bauer, A. A. Klimenko, V.N. Kornoukhov, E. A. Yanovich, A. V. Veresnikova, S. Belogurov, K. Panas, C. Schmitt, A. Wegmann, Igor Nemchenok, Manfred Lindner, A. A. Vasenko, Kai Zuber, E. Medinaceli, M. Heisel, M. Allardt, N. Rumyantseva, C. Cattadori, A. Chernogorov, Bela Majorovits, C. Macolino, A. Lubashevskiy, B. Schneider, I. R. Barabanov, E. Bellotti, C. Gooch, A.-K. Schütz, S. V. Zhukov, A. Hegai, S. Schönert, B. Lehnert, D. R. Zinatulina, G. Zuzel, N. Di Marco, J. Janicskó Csáthy, O. Selivanenko, L. Stanco, V.B. Brudanin, Mikael Hult, Hardy Simgen, A. Kish, A. Domula, V. Wagner, I. Zhitnikov, Cinzia Sada, Giovanni Benato, M. Junker, Laura Baudis, H. Y. Liao, Werner Hofmann, Allen Caldwell, K. von Sturm, Ivano Lippi, V. Kazalov, Stefano Riboldi, M. Misiaszek, C. Wiesinger, M. Shirchenko, and T. Bode
Subjects: Physics, History, Background spectrum, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), Consistency (statistics), Phase (waves), Liquid argon, DECAY, Computer Science Applications, Education
Published: 2017

10. Limit on the radiative neutrinoless double electron capture of $$^{36}$$ 36 Ar from GERDA Phase I

Author: Marc Walter, O.I. Kochetov, J. Janicskó Csáthy, D. Palioselitis, S. T. Belyaev, A. M. Gangapshev, H. Wilsenach, V. I. Gurentsov, R. Brugnera, C. Wiesinger, M. Stepaniuk, M. Heisel, V. V. Kuzminov, Matteo Agostini, B. Lehnert, I. Zhitnikov, A. Domula, C. Macolino, R. Mingazheva, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, M. Shirchenko, K. Freund, L. V. Inzhechik, L. B. Bezrukov, B. Schwingenheuer, Oliver Schulz, A. V. Veresnikova, M. Balata, E. Doroshkevich, O. Fedorova, A. Chernogorov, E. V. Demidova, V.B. Brudanin, A. Lazzaro, Alberto Pullia, Hardy Simgen, I. V. Kirpichnikov, E. Medinaceli, I. R. Barabanov, N. Frodyma, A. Garfagnini, M. Miloradovic, W. Maneschg, E. A. Yanovich, S. V. Zhukov, Alessandro Bettini, V. Egorov, S. Belogurov, A.-K. Schütz, V. I. Lebedev, J. Schreiner, A. Hegai, G. Heusser, A. Kirsch, Marcin Wójcik, P. Grabmayr, N. Barros, M. Salathe, L. Vanhoefer, T. Bode, K. T. Knöpfle, Cinzia Sada, Manfred Lindner, P. Moseev, S. Hemmer, Luciano Pandola, R. Kneißl, Matthias Laubenstein, Giovanni Benato, A. A. Klimenko, N. Rumyantseva, V. Wagner, A. Wegmann, O. Selivanenko, C. Gooch, Igor Nemchenok, A. A. Vasenko, K. N. Gusev, B. Schneider, Bela Majorovits, Thomas Kihm, Josef Jochum, V. V. Kazalov, D. R. Zinatulina, G. Zuzel, Ivano Lippi, V. D'Andrea, A. Kish, Mikael Hult, J. Hakenmüller, Stefano Riboldi, K. Panas, M. Misiaszek, M. Allardt, E. Bellotti, A. di Vacri, Werner Hofmann, Allen Caldwell, Luca Stanco, F. Salamida, K. von Sturm, T. Wester, A.A. Smolnikov, C. Cattadori, Kai Zuber, D. Borowicz, Christian Bauer, A. Lubashevskiy, Stefan Schönert, M. Junker, Laura Baudis, V. N. Kornoukhov, H. Y. Liao, K. Pelczar, Guillaume Lutter, A. M. Bakalyarov, R. Falkenstein, and C. Schmitt
Subjects: Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Electron capture, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Phase (waves), chemistry.chemical_element, Germanium, Physics::Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Lepton number, Semiconductor detector, Nuclear physics, MAJORANA, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Radiative transfer, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous)
Abstract: Neutrinoless double electron capture is a process that, if detected, would give evidence of lepton number violation and the Majorana nature of neutrinos. A search for neutrinoless double electron capture of $^{36}$Ar has been performed with germanium detectors installed in liquid argon using data from Phase I of the GERmanium Detector Array (GERDA) experiment at the Gran Sasso Laboratory of INFN, Italy. No signal was observed and an experimental lower limit on the half-life of the radiative neutrinoless double electron capture of $^{36}$Ar was established: $T_{1/2} > $ 3.6 $\times$ 10$^{21}$ yr at 90 % C.I.
Published: 2016

11. The Black Sea Experiment: The Use of Helicopter-Borne Neutron Detectors to Detect Nuclear Warheads in the USSR-US Black Sea Experiment

Author: S. T. Belyaev, V. M. Armashov, M. V. Zemlyakov, B. A. Obinyakov, V. A. Ryazantsev, V. I. Lebedev, and S. A. Voshchinin
Subjects: Warhead, Fissile material, chemistry, Neutron flux, Instrumentation, Nuclear engineering, General Engineering, Environmental science, Neutron detection, chemistry.chemical_element, Neutron, Nuclear weapon, Plutonium
Abstract: The Soviet Navy used a helicopter/ship system called “Sovietnik” to detect a cruise-missile warhead in the joint USSR-US experiment on the Black Sea, which took place on 5 July 1989. The system consists of a ship-based helicopter, equipped with a neutron detector and processing equipment, and associated ship-based equipment. The system was developed at the I.V. Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy. Its operation is based on detecting the neutrons emitted from the spontaneous fission of the plutonium-240 contained as an impurity in weapon plutonium. The Sovietnik neutron detector is based on helium-3 counters in a moderator. It is designed to detect the neutron flux from a single nuclear warhead at distances up to 100–150 meters. At these distances, the flux does not exceed 10 percent of the natural background and is comparable with its variations. Therefore when developing the Sovietnik system, great attention was given to factors affecting the value and behavior of the background. The neutron detector, together with instrumentation for recording am preliminary processing and analysis of initial information, is located on the helicopter, which, carries out the measurement while flying slowly past the ship in question. The presence of fissile material on the ship is considered to be established if the measured neutron-radiation signal in the ship zone is higher than a “threshold” defined as a level that exceeds expected background fluctuations
Published: 2009

12. Results on $$\beta \beta $$ β β decay with emission of two neutrinos or Majorons in $$^{76}$$ 76 Ge from GERDA Phase I

Author: M. Shirchenko, I. V. Kirpichnikov, C. A. Ur, E. V. Demidova, N. Barros, Oliver Schulz, V. Egorov, E. Doroshkevich, Alberto Pullia, O. Fedorova, A. V. Veresnikova, A. Chernogorov, K. N. Gusev, Alessandro Bettini, Allen Caldwell, J. Janicskó Csáthy, R. Falkenstein, A. Kirsch, A. Garfagnini, Stefano Riboldi, D. Borowicz, N. Frodyma, S. Belogurov, E. Medinaceli, D. R. Zinatulina, M. Misiaszek, A. Domula, M. Balata, O.I. Kochetov, Stefan Schönert, D. Budjáš, C. Macolino, B. Lehnert, A. Wegmann, I. Zhitnikov, Igor Nemchenok, A. Hegai, P. Grabmayr, Cinzia Sada, Thomas Kihm, C. Schmitt, Matthias Laubenstein, Ivano Lippi, P. Zavarise, V.B. Brudanin, Hardy Simgen, Giovanni Benato, I. R. Barabanov, L. Vanhoefer, S. V. Zhukov, L. B. Bezrukov, M. Junker, V. Wagner, K. Panas, M. M. Wojcik, S. T. Belyaev, V. I. Gurentsov, Bela Majorovits, T. Bode, V. N. Kornoukhov, K. Pelczar, K. von Sturm, K. Freund, Luca Stanco, A. A. Vasenko, B. Schwingenheuer, Mikael Hult, A. M. Gangapshev, N. Becerici-Schmidt, M. Heisel, Laura Baudis, H. Wilsenach, S. Hemmer, M. Stepaniuk, Guillaume Lutter, A. M. Bakalyarov, M. Salathe, Manfred Lindner, H. Y. Liao, Christian Bauer, J. Schreiner, E. Bellotti, K. T. Knöpfle, A. Lubashevskiy, R. Brugnera, V. V. Kuzminov, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, Matteo Agostini, J. Jochum, P. Moseev, Luciano Pandola, A. A. Klimenko, T. Wester, N. Rumyantseva, A.A. Smolnikov, G. Zuzel, C. Cattadori, Kai Zuber, V. V. Kazalov, G. Heusser, Werner Hofmann, V. I. Lebedev, D. Palioselitis, M. Allardt, A. Lazzaro, O. Selivanenko, V. D'Andrea, W. Maneschg, E. A. Yanovich, L. V. Inzhechik, A. di Vacri, and Marc Walter
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Phase (waves), Order (ring theory), Beta (velocity), Neutrino, Engineering (miscellaneous), Beta decay, Majoron, Semiconductor detector
Abstract: A search for neutrinoless $\beta\beta$ decay processes accompanied with Majoron emission has been performed using data collected during Phase I of the GERmanium Detector Array (GERDA) experiment at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso of INFN (Italy). Processes with spectral indices n = 1, 2, 3, 7 were searched for. No signals were found and lower limits of the order of 10$^{23}$ yr on their half-lives were derived, yielding substantially improved results compared to previous experiments with $^{76}$Ge. A new result for the half-life of the neutrino-accompanied $\beta\beta$ decay of $^{76}$Ge with significantly reduced uncertainties is also given, resulting in $T^{2\nu}_{1/2} = (1.926 \pm 0.095)\cdot10^{21}$ yr.
Published: 2015

13. Production, characterization and operation of $$^{76}$$ 76 Ge enriched BEGe detectors in GERDA

Author: Laura Baudis, Matthias Laubenstein, W. Hampel, E. V. Demidova, E. Bellotti, P. Zavarise, H. Y. Liao, V. Wagner, L. B. Bezrukov, E. Shevchik, G. Pessina, A. A. Vasenko, J. Jochum, Thomas Kihm, K. N. Gusev, C. Gotti, Oliver Schulz, Stefan Schönert, Alberto Pullia, D. Budjáš, V. I. Lebedev, A. Garfagnini, K. Freund, C. Macolino, H. Strecker, Marcin Wójcik, P. Grabmayr, D. Palioselitis, N. Becerici-Schmidt, J. Janicskó Csáthy, B. Schwingenheuer, T. Wester, S. Belogurov, A.A. Smolnikov, E. Andreotti, B. Lehnert, C. Cattadori, Kai Zuber, H. Wilsenach, I. Zhitnikov, Alessandro Bettini, R. Brugnera, A. Kirsch, L. V. Inzhechik, A. Wegmann, Ivano Lippi, D. Borowicz, Igor Nemchenok, Luca Stanco, Manfred Lindner, Marc Walter, V. V. Kuzminov, Bela Majorovits, I. R. Barabanov, C. Schmitt, Matteo Agostini, Stefano Riboldi, S. V. Zhukov, K. T. Knöpfle, M. Salathe, M. Misiaszek, M. Shirchenko, G. Zuzel, M. Balata, C. O'Shaughnessy, L. Vanhoefer, T. Bode, Luciano Pandola, V. V. Kazalov, Christian Bauer, A. A. Klimenko, A. Lubashevskiy, N. Rumyantseva, A. Hegai, M. Allardt, N. Barros, V. Egorov, D. R. Zinatulina, A. Chernogorov, I. V. Kirpichnikov, Mikael Hult, C. A. Ur, S. Hemmer, O.I. Kochetov, S. T. Belyaev, J. Schreiner, A. M. Gangapshev, Cinzia Sada, Giovanni Benato, M. Junker, V. D'Andrea, A. Lazzaro, G. Heusser, A. Domula, R. Falkenstein, Werner Hofmann, V. I. Gurentsov, V.B. Brudanin, L. Ioannucci, Hardy Simgen, M. Heisel, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, K. von Sturm, A. Caldwel, V. N. Kornoukhov, K. Pelczar, Guillaume Lutter, A. M. Bakalyarov, W. Maneschg, N. Frodyma, E. A. Yanovich, and Stefano Nisi
Subjects: Physics, Cryostat, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, Germanium, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Semiconductor detector, Nuclear physics, chemistry, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Energy (signal processing), Diode
Abstract: The GERmanium Detector Array (GERDA) at the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory (LNGS) searches for the neutrinoless double beta decay (0{\nu}{\beta}{\beta}) of $^{76}$Ge. Germanium detectors made of material with an enriched $^{76}$Ge fraction act simultaneously as sources and detectors for this decay. During Phase I of the experiment mainly refurbished semi-coaxial Ge detectors from former experiments were used. For the upcoming Phase II, 30 new $^{76}$Ge enriched detectors of broad energy germanium (BEGe)-type were produced. A subgroup of these detectors has already been deployed in GERDA during Phase I. The present paper reviews the complete production chain of these BEGe detectors including isotopic enrichment, purification, crystal growth and diode production. The efforts in optimizing the mass yield and in minimizing the exposure of the $^{76}$Ge enriched germanium to cosmic radiation during processing are described. Furthermore, characterization measurements in vacuum cryostats of the first subgroup of seven BEGe detectors and their long-term behavior in liquid argon are discussed. The detector performance fulfills the requirements needed for the physics goals of GERDA Phase~II.
Published: 2015

14. Improvement of the energy resolution via an optimized digital signal processing in GERDA Phase I

Author: M. Shirchenko, D. Palioselitis, Laura Baudis, I. V. Kirpichnikov, J. Janicskó Csáthy, I. Zhitnikov, Oliver Schulz, H. Y. Liao, W. Maneschg, E. A. Yanovich, N. Barros, Alberto Pullia, J. Jochum, V. N. Kornoukhov, K. Pelczar, A. Garfagnini, L. V. Inzhechik, A.-K. Schütz, A. Hegai, C. Macolino, V. I. Gurentsov, Manfred Lindner, V. V. Kazalov, Allen Caldwell, A. V. Veresnikova, A. Wegmann, Igor Nemchenok, Marc Walter, Guillaume Lutter, A. M. Bakalyarov, V. I. Lebedev, M. Heisel, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, A. Chernogorov, T. Wester, B. Lehnert, O. Fedorova, A.A. Smolnikov, Bela Majorovits, K. von Sturm, C. Cattadori, Matthias Laubenstein, P. Zavarise, Kai Zuber, M. Balata, N. Frodyma, R. Brugnera, O. Selivanenko, D. Budjáš, V. Egorov, V. Wagner, K. N. Gusev, E. V. Demidova, L. Vanhoefer, V. V. Kuzminov, Matteo Agostini, T. Bode, Ivano Lippi, A. di Vacri, O.I. Kochetov, Werner Hofmann, E. Bellotti, M. Allardt, A. A. Vasenko, E. Doroshkevich, L. B. Bezrukov, E. Medinaceli, Stefan Schönert, Christian Bauer, S. T. Belyaev, K. Freund, A. Lubashevskiy, A. M. Gangapshev, S. Belogurov, M. Salathe, B. Schwingenheuer, R. Falkenstein, Cinzia Sada, C. Schmitt, Giovanni Benato, Stefano Riboldi, Thomas Kihm, D. R. Zinatulina, C. A. Ur, A. Domula, P. Moseev, G. Heusser, Luciano Pandola, M. Misiaszek, A. A. Klimenko, Marcin Wójcik, P. Grabmayr, N. Rumyantseva, Alessandro Bettini, V.B. Brudanin, A. Kirsch, Hardy Simgen, Mikael Hult, S. Hemmer, J. Schreiner, B. Schneider, I. R. Barabanov, S. V. Zhukov, N. Becerici-Schmidt, H. Wilsenach, M. Stepaniuk, K. Panas, D. Borowicz, Luca Stanco, K. T. Knöpfle, G. Zuzel, V. D'Andrea, A. Lazzaro, and M. Junker
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Isotopes of germanium, Q value, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Phase (waves), FOS: Physical sciences, GERMANIUM DETECTORS, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), Particle detector, GERDA - Abteilung Hofmann, Nuclear physics, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, CHARGE MEASUREMENTS, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, SILICON, Engineering (miscellaneous), Nuclear Experiment, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), MINIMUM-NOISE, GENIUS, GE-76, DECAY, PROJECT, Radioactive decay, Energy (signal processing), OPTIMUM FILTERS
Abstract: An optimized digital shaping filter has been developed for the GERDA experiment which searches for neutrinoless double beta decay in 76Ge. The GERDA Phase I energy calibration data have been reprocessed and an average improvement of 0.3 keV in energy resolution (FWHM) at the 76Ge Q value for 0\nu\beta\beta decay is obtained. This is possible thanks to the enhanced low-frequency noise rejection of this Zero Area Cusp (ZAC) signal shaping fillter., Comment: 12 pages, 16 figures
Published: 2015

15. Limit on Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay of 76Ge by GERDA

Author: A. Kirsch, W. Maneschg, E. A. Yanovich, Stefano Nisi, P. Zavarise, Josef Jochum, A. Domula, V. Wagner, J. Janicskó Csáthy, M. Salathe, Manfred Lindner, A. A. Vasenko, V. I. Gurentsov, I. Zhitnikov, L. Stanco, B. Lehnert, V.B. Brudanin, O. Volynets, Hardy Simgen, A. D. Ferella, M. Barabè Heider, D. R. Zinatulina, Ivano Lippi, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, A. Hegai, O.I. Kochetov, A. Wegmann, A. Lubashevskiy, Igor Nemchenok, A. Garfagnini, Claudio Gotti, S. T. Belyaev, C. Bauer, C. Macolino, A. Chernogorov, Allen Caldwell, Bela Majorovits, L. V. Inzhechik, A. M. Gangapshev, Stefano Riboldi, C.O’. Shaughnessy, P. Grabmayr, R. Brugnera, V. V. Kuzminov, Matteo Agostini, K. Freund, M. Misiaszek, V. I. Lebedev, W. Hampel, E. V. Demidova, K. K. Guthikonda, V. G. Egorov, I. V. Kirpichnikov, B. Schwingenheuer, Mikael Hult, M. Shirchenko, M. Allardt, K. von Sturm, M. Balata, H. Strecker, C. A. Ur, G. Heusser, Alessandro Bettini, K. N. Gusev, S. Belogurov, N. Frodyma, N. Barros, E. Andreotti, T. Bode, A. Lazzaro, Werner Hofmann, K. T. Knöpfle, G. Zuzel, O. Schulz, S. Schönert, S. Hemmer, T. Wester, A.A. Smolnikov, C. Cattadori, Kai Zuber, Laura Baudis, L. B. Bezrukov, E. Shevchik, H. Y. Liao, G. Pessina, M. M. Wojcik, A. A. Machado, F. Cossavella, D. Budjáš, E. Bellotti, M. Tarka, R. Falkenstein, Thomas Kihm, Jochen Schreiner, C. Schmitt, V. N. Kornoukhov, K. Pelczar, Guillaume Lutter, A. M. Bakalyarov, I. R. Barabanov, M. Walter, S. V. Zhukov, M. Laubenstein, Luciano Pandola, N. Becerici-Schmidt, A. A. Klimenko, M. Heisel, N. Rumyantseva, A. Pullia, Cinzia Sada, Giovanni Benato, and M. Junker
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Particle physics, Isotope, Double beta decay, SEARCH, double beta decay, Limit (mathematics), Physics and Astronomy(all), 0-NU-BETA-BETA DECAY, Semiconductor detector
Abstract: The Gerda experiment at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy uses germanium detectors made from material with an enriched 76Ge isotope fraction to search for neutrinoless double beta decay of this nucleus. Applying a blind analysis we find no signal after an exposure of 21.6 kg·yr and a background of about 0.01 cts/(keV·kg·yr). A half-life limit of Tov1/2> 2.1 · 1025 yr (90% C.L.) is extracted. The previous claim of a signal for 76Ge is excluded with 99% probability in a model independent way.
Published: 2015

16. Status of the Germanium Detector Array (GERDA) in the search of neutrinoless ββ decays of 76Ge at LNGS

Author: K. N. Gusev, S. Katulina, K. T. Knöpfle, P. Peiffer, V. N. Kornoukhov, A. V. Tikhomirov, I. Abt, V. G. Egorov, I. V. Kirpichnikov, Gerd Marissens, F. Stelzer, A. M. Bakalyarov, O.I. Kochetov, O. Chkvorets, M. Altmann, W. Hampel, E. V. Demidova, M. Junker, Josef Jochum, F. Zocca, D. Weißhaar, V. I. Lebedev, E. Farnea, Jochen Schreiner, V. I. Gurentsov, I. R. Barabanov, S. Scholl, M. M. Wojcik, G. Heusser, S. V. Zhukov, Kevin Kröninger, M. Bauer, S. T. Belyaev, A. M. Gangapshev, X. Liu, S. Belogurov, A.A. Smolnikov, G. Zuzel, E. Bellotti, C. Cattadori, C. R. Alvarez, V. P. Bolotsky, J. Kiko, L. B. Bezrukov, A. di Vacri, L. V. Inzhechik, Werner Hofmann, G. Y. Grigoriev, J. Yurkowski, J. Eberth, Igor Nemchenok, Allen Caldwell, V. B. Brudanin, Luciano Pandola, Bela Majorovits, Mikael Hult, M. Knapp, U. Schwan, A. A. Klimenko, S. Schönert, C. Bauer, E. A. Yanovich, M. Heisel, V. G. Sandukovsky, S. I. Vasiliev, B. Schwingenheuer, C. Tomei, J. Gasparro, M. Laubenstein, C. A. Ur, M. V. Chirchenko, A. Pullia, Hardy Simgen, V. V. Kuzminov, P. Grabmayr, A. A. Vasenko, and Alessandro Bettini
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, chemistry, Double beta decay, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Germanium, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Radioactive decay, Semiconductor detector, Diode
Abstract: The Germanium Detector Array (GERDA) in the search for neutrinoless ββ decays of 76Ge at LNGS will operate bare germanium diodes enriched in 76Ge in an (optional active) cryogenic fluid shield to investigate neutrinoless ββ decay with a sensitivity of T 1/2 > 2 × 1026 yr after an exposure of 100 kg yr. Recent progress includes the installation of the first underground infrastructures at Gran Sasso, the completion of the enrichment of 37.5 kg of germanium material for detector construction, prototyping of low-mass detector support and contacts, and front-end and DAQ electronics, as well as the preparation for construction of the cryogenic vessel and water tank.
Published: 2006

17. Bulk effects in the coherent inelastic scattering of ultracold neutrons

Author: A. L. Barabanov and S. T. Belyaev
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, SIMPLE (dark matter experiment), Nuclear Theory, Hydrogen, Phonon, Energy transfer, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Energy–momentum relation, Inelastic scattering, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), chemistry, Ultracold neutrons, Neutron, Atomic physics
Abstract: With the use of theory developed earlier, bulk effects in ultracold neutron coherent inelastic scattering are considered both for solid and liquid target samples related to energy and momentum exchange with phonon and diffusion-like modes. For the neutron in a material trap, differential and integral probabilities for the energy transfer per bounce are presented in a simple analytic form which exhibits the parameter dependence. As an example, the theoretical values for the ultracold neutron loss rate from a storage bottle with Fomblin coated walls and stainless steel walls are evaluated. Possible contribution from incoherent inelastic scattering on hydrogen contamination is discussed., 25 pages, 7 figures, changed title, some modifications to text, added references
Published: 2006

18. Aleksandr Nikolaevich Skrinsky (on his 80th birthday)

Author: Vasilii V. Parkhomchuk, Yurii M. Shatunov, S T Belyaev, Gennadii N Kulipanov, Gennadii I Dimov, Aleksandr Evgenievich Bondar, Georgii N. Rykovanov, N S Dikanskii, Nikolai A. Vinokurov, Igor Meshkov, P. V. Logachev, and Valerii A. Rubakov
Subjects: General Physics and Astronomy
Published: 2016

19. Are quantum wave packets observable? Sokolov effect: puzzling generation of 2p states in the 2s hydrogen beam passing trough a wide metal slit

Author: S. T. Belyaev
Subjects: Diffraction, Physics, Atom interferometer, Wave packet, Atom, Atomic physics, Wave function, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Beam (structure), Excitation, Coherence length
Abstract: The observation of excitation of 2p states in a collimated 2s hydrogen beam passing through a wide metal slit with no direct contacts or electric field applied (Sokolov effect) up to now has had no reasonable explanation. A solution presented in this paper is formulated within the standard quantum-mechanical framework with a consecutive wave packet treatment of the atomic center-of-mass wave function. It is found that a very weak interaction of the beam diffraction halo with the slit, though negligible for center-of-mass motion, coherently affects the intrinsic state of an atom in the beam and efficiently induces $2s\rightarrow 2p$ transitions. High sensitivity of this interference phenomena may be used to measure transverse coherence length of the beam.
Published: 2003

20. First results from GERDA Phase II

Author: Manfred Lindner, V. I. Gurentsov, Cinzia Sada, Giovanni Benato, E. Bellotti, V. V. Kazalov, D. Borowicz, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, O. Selivanenko, E. Doroshkevich, J. Hakenmüller, Christian Bauer, C. Macolino, J. Janicskó Csáthy, A. Lubashevskiy, L. B. Bezrukov, E. Shevchik, K. T. Knöpfle, R. Mingazheva, R. Brugnera, V. V. Kuzminov, Marcin Wójcik, Matteo Agostini, P. Grabmayr, Werner Hofmann, J. Jochum, L. Stanco, B. Schwingenheuer, Allen Caldwell, O.I. Kochetov, V. Wagner, I. Zhitnikov, A. Wegmann, Alessandro Bettini, B. Lehnert, Igor Nemchenok, A. Kirsch, V.B. Brudanin, G. Zuzel, D. Palioselitis, V. N. Kornoukhov, M. Allardt, Stefano Riboldi, W. Maneschg, Hardy Simgen, E. A. Yanovich, S. T. Belyaev, V. G. Egorov, M. Balata, C. Schmitt, E. Medinaceli, K. Pelczar, K. Panas, A. M. Gangapshev, T. Wester, A.A. Smolnikov, A. Lazzaro, Bela Majorovits, L. V. Inzhechik, P. Moseev, C. Cattadori, Kai Zuber, Guillaume Lutter, A. M. Bakalyarov, L. Vanhoefer, Luciano Pandola, M. Misiaszek, A. A. Klimenko, C. Wiesinger, K. von Sturm, Thomas Kihm, M. Heisel, N. Rumyantseva, M. Shirchenko, Laura Baudis, A. Kish, E. V. Demidova, I. R. Barabanov, A. Domula, F. Salamida, C. Gooch, S. V. Zhukov, A.-K. Schütz, R. Falkenstein, A. Hegai, M. Junker, V. D'Andrea, Jochen Schreiner, N. Di Marco, T. Bode, S. Belogurov, V. I. Lebedev, M. Salathe, Ivano Lippi, D. R. Zinatulina, H. Y. Liao, A. V. Veresnikova, Mikael Hult, A. Chernogorov, S. Hemmer, I. V. Kirpichnikov, M. Miloradovic, B. Schneider, R. Kneißl, K. N. Gusev, Stefan Schönert, Matthias Laubenstein, A. A. Vasenko, N. Frodyma, Oliver Schulz, Alberto Pullia, and A. Garfagnini
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Semileptonic decay, History, Phase (matter), Nuclear Matrix, Beta Decay, Bolometers, Beta Decay, Bolometers, Nuclear Matrix, Computer Science Applications, Education
Published: 2017

21. Active background suppression with the liquid argon scintillation veto of GERDA Phase II

Author: O.I. Kochetov, Oliver Schulz, L. B. Bezrukov, M. Salathe, K. Panas, A. M. Bakalyarov, E. V. Demidova, A. Chernogorov, A. Wegmann, Alberto Pullia, Igor Nemchenok, Christian Bauer, Bela Majorovits, K. Pelczar, S. T. Belyaev, A. Kish, A. Lubashevskiy, D. Palioselitis, D. R. Zinatulina, A. Domula, A. M. Gangapshev, A. Garfagnini, I. R. Barabanov, Guillaume Lutter, C. Gooch, S. V. Zhukov, I. V. Kirpichnikov, B. Lehnert, A.-K. Schütz, Th. Kihm, A. Hegai, Mikael Hult, V. G. Egorov, M. Balata, C. Schmitt, N. Di Marco, M. Allardt, C. Cattadori, L. Stanco, J. Janicskó Csáthy, P. Moseev, L. V. Inzhechik, Luciano Pandola, Ivano Lippi, S. Hemmer, M. Miloradovic, K. N. Gusev, L. Vanhoefer, A. A. Klimenko, V.B. Brudanin, V.N. Kornoukhov, M. Heisel, C. Macolino, Hardy Simgen, R. Falkenstein, Jochen Schreiner, C. Wiesinger, K. T. Knöpfle, N. Rumyantseva, S. Belogurov, R. Brugnera, Manfred Lindner, M. Shirchenko, Matthias Laubenstein, E. Bellotti, E. Doroshkevich, V. V. Kuzminov, B. Schneider, Stefan Schönert, N. Frodyma, M. Junker, Matteo Agostini, V. Wagner, I. Zhitnikov, Laura Baudis, A. V. Veresnikova, O. Selivanenko, Alessandro Bettini, V. I. Lebedev, R. Mingazheva, Cinzia Sada, Marcin Wójcik, P. Grabmayr, B. Schwingenheuer, E. Medinaceli, T. Bode, J. Jochum, H. Y. Liao, Giovanni Benato, V. Kazalov, Stefano Riboldi, M. Misiaszek, V. I. Gurentsov, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, E. Shevzik, R. Kneißl, A. Kirsch, W. Maneschg, E. A. Yanovich, V. D'Andrea, A. A. Vasenko, Allen Caldwell, K. von Sturm, Werner Hofmann, D. Borowicz, J. Hakenmüller, T. Wester, A.A. Smolnikov, A. Lazzaro, Kai Zuber, G. Zuzel, and F. Salamida
Subjects: Physics, History, Scintillation, Argon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Veto, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, Computer Science Applications, Education, Semiconductor detector, Nuclear physics, chemistry, Impurity, Phase (matter), 0103 physical sciences, Scintillation counter, DETECTORS, 010306 general physics
Published: 2017

22. David Fisherovich Zaretsky (February 6, 1926–July 5, 2010)

Author: A. A. Lushnikov, I. M. Pavlichenkov, F. F. Karpeshin, V. A. Khodel, V. P. Krainov, S. T. Belyaev, S. V. Fomichev, V G Vaks, Yu. N. Demkov, M. H. Urin, V. V. Lomonosov, G. A. Petrov, and E. E. Sapersten
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Art history, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Published: 2011

23. Centrality Dependence of Charged Particle Multiplicity in Au-Au Collisions atsNN=130GeV

Author: I. Ravinovich, N. N. Ajitanand, M. Rosati, F. Plasil, L. Paffrath, M. Velkovsky, S. S. Ryu, Z. Sun, A. A. Vinogradov, Henrik Tydesjö, A. Durum, Hiroyuki Sako, T. Ichihara, D. S. Brown, F. K. Wohn, T. K. Ghosh, Jiangyong Jia, Y. Goto, Sean A. Kelly, A. G. Hansen, A. A. Tsvetkov, J. P. Sullivan, S. F. Pate, B. Khachaturov, D. Kochetkov, Y. H. Shin, Hideki Hamagaki, I. D. Ojha, M. Suzuki, J. Simon-Gillo, T. Peitzmann, G. David, Saskia Mioduszewski, T. L. Thomas, S. Esumi, R. E. Mischke, Tai Sakuma, X. He, V.A. Onuchin, A. Glenn, B. V. Dinesh, L. Aphecetche, V. Papavassiliou, P. L. McGaughey, S. H. Aronson, S. K. Tuli, H. Wang, Norio Saito, W. A. Zajc, P. Pitukhin, Ryugo S. Hayano, S. Markacs, Y. Riabov, Kenta Shigaki, S. Belikov, Yoshio Arai, V. Cianciolo, Yves Roland Schutz, C. Pinkenburg, P. D. Barnes, I. Shein, Joakim Nystrand, Shiv K. Gupta, P. J. Kroon, J. M. Burward-Hoy, V. S. Pantuev, Ju Hwan Kang, Y. Nakada, J. M. Heuser, J. Chiba, Shunji Nishimura, A. Franz, L. Kochenda, A. S. Nyanin, Sergey Fokin, Senta Greene, B. R. Schlei, E. M. Takagui, B. A. Cole, T. C. Sangster, S. N. White, S. Butsyk, G. C. Mishra, R. S. Towell, E. J. Desmond, C. P. Singh, Akira Masaike, S. S. Adler, G. S. Kyle, D. J. Lim, James Alexander, Kwang Souk Sim, J. H. Thomas, Takao Sakaguchi, Junji Tojo, K. Kurita, A. Ster, A. Hoover, I. Tserruya, C. L. Woody, Vladimir Samsonov, I. Otterlund, K. El Chenawi, R. Averbeck, Byung-Sik Hong, C. Klein-Boesing, I. G. Sibiriak, E. O'Brien, M. Hibino, Yu. Efremenko, A. Bazilevsky, M. J. Bennett, S. Garpman, O. Dietzsch, Minghui Liu, J.R. Mahon, M. Sivertz, A. P.T. Palounek, A. D. Frawley, N. Hayashi, V. Singh, J. S. Haggerty, S. Y. Kim, A. A. Rose, Alexandre Lebedev, D. S. Ho, R. A. Soltz, Dipanwita Dutta, Kenneth Francis Read, D. M. Lee, H. A. Gustafsson, F. Messer, D. E. Fields, Hiroaki Ohnishi, T. Ushiroda, W. W. Kinnison, M. J. Leitch, A. L. Godoi, S. T. Belyaev, An.A. Vorobyov, A. Denisov, S. Sawada, T. E. Miller, D. Koehler, Julia Velkovska, C. Y. Chi, B. V. Jacak, H. En'yo, L. Nikkinen, M. Grosse Perdekamp, H. Tsuruoka, T. A. Carey, E. P. Hartouni, Y. I. Makdisi, H. Hara, J. L. Nagle, S. C. Johnson, Y. J. Mao, S. S. Kapoor, T. Kohama, K. Ebisu, S. P. Stoll, M. S. Chung, H. Torii, X. Liu, S. Yokkaichi, L. L. Chavez, M. J. Kweon, H. Buesching, Y. J. Kwon, Viktor Riabov, I. E. Yushmanov, Alexei Khanzadeev, G. R. Young, K. Adcox, Susumu Sato, M. Muniruzzaman, M. Messer, A. Kozlov, C. Velissaris, R. Seto, Zhedong Zhang, Xingguo Li, M. Pollack, E. Vznuzdaev, V. Baublis, V. Bumazhnov, Hirohiko Sato, N. Bruner, M. J. Tannenbaum, E. Stenlund, T. C. Awes, P. Chand, Jun Kikuchi, S. P. Sorensen, Takehiko Matsumoto, Atsushi Taketani, E. Taniguchi, David Olle Rickard Silvermyr, K. N. Barish, R. Santo, Martin Purschke, P. Steinberg, D. Bucher, Peter M. Nilsson, T. Shiina, F. G. Bellaiche, J. G. Lajoie, M. Ono, A. Kiyomichi, P. Chung, W. C. Chang, S. Kametani, Y. Watanabe, Z. Fraenkel, S. Nagamiya, Roy A. Lacey, K. Pope, K. S. Joo, Wei Xie, Dong Jo Kim, Yasushi Nagasaka, N. Starinsky, B. M. Johnson, A. Soldatov, M. L. Brooks, A. Deshpande, Alexander Milov, C. Witzig, D. P. Morrison, K. Imai, V. E. Semenov, M. Sugioka, T. Christ, Jason Newby, M. Chiu, Ajit Kumar Mohanty, T. A. Shibata, J. Murata, W. Guryn, B. K. Nandi, Y. Akiba, S. K. Mark, David D'Enterria, R. P. Pisani, Nikolay Tyurin, German Martinez, Vladislav Manko, M. D. Marx, R. K. Choudhury, H. Delagrange, T. Chujo, K. Yagi, S. Zhou, Markus Merschmeyer, S. Bathe, Kensuke Homma, E. Melnikov, S. Chernichenko, B. Bassalleck, F. Mühlbacher, L. Ewell, J. Lauret, Aya Sakaguchi, Agneta Oskarsson, Y. Berdnikov, Lennart Osterman, Kazuhiro Tanaka, Klaus Johannes Reygers, V. Kochetkov, M. A. Volkov, J. Chang, C. A. Ogilvie, Yongsun Kim, P. W. Stankus, T. K. Hemmick, J. T. Mitchell, Yasuo Miake, H. W. Van Hecke, Zhongfan Liu, W. Y. Jang, G. Bunce, T. Ferdousi, H. J. Kim, Juergen Thomas, M. Ishihara, Athanasios Petridis, Y. Tanaka, T. K. Shea, F. Matathias, J. Barrette, M. Kann, Charles Maguire, S. Klinksiek, Y. Sumi, Wei Tian, A. Drees, Josh Moss, M. Tamai, E. Kistenev, Mikhail Ippolitov, S. Botelho, S. Y. Fung, John Hill, K. Oyama, Toru Sugitate, and Z. Li
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Particle physics, General Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Multiplicity (mathematics), PHENIX detector, Nuclear Experiment, Particle density, Nucleon, Centrality, Charged particle, Multiplicity distribution
Abstract: We present results for the charged-particle multiplicity distribution at midrapidity in Au-Au collisions at square root of [s(NN)] = 130 GeV measured with the PHENIX detector at RHIC. For the 5% most central collisions we find dN(ch)/d eta(vertical line eta = 0) = 622+/-1(stat)+/-41(syst). The results, analyzed as a function of centrality, show a steady rise of the particle density per participating nucleon with centrality.
Published: 2001

24. Kurchatov synchrotron radiation source: Status report

Author: S. T. Belyaev, A. N. Artemiev, and V.G. Stankevitch
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear engineering, Synchrotron Radiation Source, Synchrotron radiation, Ring (chemistry), Status report, Bending magnets, Nuclear physics, Beamline, Electromagnetic shielding, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Instrumentation, Storage ring
Abstract: Project parameters of the big storage ring are practically reached. At the project energy of 2.5 GeV stored current reached 72 mA. Three SR beamlines are installed on the bending magnets of the small storage ring with an electron energy of 450 MeV. Three experimental stations are installed in VUV experimental hall. Three front ends of X-ray beamline are installed on the big storage ring. One X-ray beamline is out of biological shielding of the big ring. Construction of the big experimental hall is almost completed. A status report on the first part of the active proposals is given.
Published: 2000

25. Limits on the Majorana Neutrino Mass in the 0.1 eV Range

Author: Laura Baudis, F. Schwamm, V. I. Lebedev, V. F. Melnikov, H. Strecker, A. Balysh, St. Kolb, Irina Vladimirovna Krivosheina, S. T. Belyaev, V. Alexeev, H. Päs, G. Heusser, A. M. Bakalyarov, Hans Volker Klapdor-Kleingrothaus, S. V. Zhukov, A. Dietz, and Bela Majorovits
Subjects: Physics, Range (particle radiation), Particle physics, Sterile neutrino, Degenerate energy levels, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), MAJORANA, Double beta decay, Measurements of neutrino speed, Neutrino, Neutrino oscillation
Abstract: The Heidelberg-Moscow experiment gives the most stringent limit on the Majorana neutrino mass. After 24 kg yr of data with pulse shape measurements, we set a lower limit on the half-life of the neutrinoless double beta decay in 76Ge of T_1/2 > 5.7 * 10^{25} yr at 90% C.L., thus excluding an effective Majorana neutrino mass greater than 0.2 eV. This allows to set strong constraints on degenerate neutrino mass models., 6 pages (latex) including 3 postscript figures and 2 tables
Published: 1999

26. Cluster structure of the material surface as the cause of the selective enhancement of ultracold-neutron capture associated with subbarrier reflection

Author: S. M. Chernyavskii, K. Schreckenbach, S. S. Arzumanov, S. T. Belyaev, S. M. Ivanov, L. N. Bondarenko, A. I. Fomin, Yu. N. Panin, P. Geltenbort, V. I. Morozov, A.I. Ryazanov, J. M. Pendlebury, E. I. Korobkina, and A. N. Lyubimov
Subjects: Surface (mathematics), Physics, Solid-state physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Theory, General Physics and Astronomy, Neutron capture, Ultracold neutrons, Reflection (physics), Cluster (physics), Field theory (psychology), Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Spectroscopy
Abstract: Neutron-radiation analysis is used to investigate the subbarrier reflection of ultracold neutrons from the surface of a titanium-stabilized Fe-Ni-Cr stainless steel. A significant selective increase in the probability of neutron capture by nuclei of the medium in comparison to theory is discovered. An explanation is given for the effect, which is associated with the existence of titanium-containing clusters and structural defects that distort the form of the distribution of the effective interaction potential between ultracold neutrons and the material surface.
Published: 1999

27. Yurii Moiseevich Kagan (on his 80th birthday)

Author: S T Belyaev, Yu.A. Osip'yan, A. Yu Rumyantsev, Aleksandr F. Andreev, Leonid Aleksandrovich Maksimov, Vladislav B. Timofeev, Evgenii Pavlovich Velikhov, Lev P. Pitaevskii, M. V. Kovalchuk, G. M. Éliashberg, Nikolai A Chernoplekov, and Lev P. Gor'kov
Subjects: General Physics and Astronomy
Published: 2008

28. The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant: A critical analysis of the consequences and protective measures

Author: S. T. Belyaev, V. F. Demin, and V. S. Osmachkin
Subjects: Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Waste management, law, Radioactive contamination, Nuclear power plant, Environmental science, Human decontamination, Accident (philosophy), law.invention
Published: 1997

29. The Heidelberg-Moscow experiment: improved sensitivity for 76Ge neutrinoless double beta decay

Author: M. Völlinger, St. Kolb, Y. Ramachers, M. Hirsch, Hans Volker Klapdor-Kleingrothaus, S Zhoukov, G. Heusser, A. M. Bakalyarov, S. T. Belyaev, A. Balysh, V. I. Lebedev, H. Strecker, M. Günther, H. Päs, J. Hellmig, and Laura Baudis
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, MAJORANA, Preamplifier, Double beta decay, Underground laboratory, Neutrino, Sensitivity (electronics), Lower limit, Counting rate
Abstract: The Heidelberg-Moscow experiment operates five enriched 76Ge detectors with 10.96 kg active mass in the Gran Sasso underground laboratory. After 28.7 kg y of measurement with a counting rate between 2000 keV and 2080 keV of 0.20 ± 0.01 cts/kg y keV we receive a lower limit on the neutrinoless double beta decay of 76Ge of T 1 2 (0 + → 0 + ) > 1.1 × 10 25 y (90% C.L.). This restricts the Majorana neutrino mass to 0.46 eV. Recently we achieved a reduction in the background counting rate by a factor of 3–5 within the energy region of the neutrinoless double beta decay by recording the differentiated preamplifier pulse shapes and doing an off-line analysis to distinguish between pointlike and multiple scattered interactions.
Published: 1997

30. Heidelberg-Moscow ββ experimentwith76Ge: Full setup with five detectors

Author: H. Päs, S. T. Belyaev, Berenike Maier, F. Petry, V. I. Lebedev, J. Hellmig, A. Balysh, A. Müller, H. Strecker, M. Günther, D. Kotel'nikov, Hans Volker Klapdor-Kleingrothaus, I. Kondratenko, Y. Ramachers, M. Hirsch, M. Völlinger, A. Demehin, G. Heusser, and A. Gurov
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, MAJORANA, Underground laboratory, Pulse shape analysis, Combined result, Neutrino, Lower limit, Majoron
Abstract: The full setup of the Heidelberg-Moscow double \ensuremath{\beta} decay experiment is presented. This experiment gives at present the most stringent upper bound, improving the neutrino mass limit into the sub-eV range. Out of 19.2 kg of 86% ${\mathrm{enriched}}^{76}$Ge five crystals were grown with a total mass of 11.51 kg. Since February 1995 all five detectors, corresponding to 10.96 kg active mass, are in regular operation in the Gran Sasso underground laboratory, four of them in a common shield. No signal is observed for the neutrinoless double \ensuremath{\beta} decay (0\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\beta}). The measured data from the first three enriched detectors with a statistical significance of 13.60 kg yr result in a new half-life limit of ${\mathit{T}}_{1/2}$${(0}^{+}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${0}^{+}$)g7.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{24}$ yr (90% C.L.). With this limit a Majorana mass of the neutrinos larger than 0.6 eV (90% C.L.) is excluded. From the data taken in the previously operated setup with three enriched detectors in a common shielding and a statistical significance of 10.58 kg yr new results are extracted for the two neutrino double \ensuremath{\beta} decay (2\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\beta}) ${\mathrm{of}}^{76}$Ge. The procedure of a quantitative and model-independent description of the background via a Monte Carlo simulation is outlined in some detail. The combined result is ${\mathit{T}}_{1/2}^{2\mathrm{\ensuremath{\nu}}}$=[${1.77}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}0.01}^{+0.01}$${(\mathrm{stat})}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}0.11}^{+0.13}$(sys)]\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{21}$ yr. Further on the results concerning new Majoron models and the impact on SUSY parameters are briefly reviewed. Future improvements on the background with the application of digital pulse shape analysis are discussed and an outlook on the future of \ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\beta} research is given.
Published: 1997

31. Pulse shape discrimination for GERDA Phase I data

Author: S. Hemmer, V. Wagner, A. A. Vasenko, N. Becerici-Schmidt, J. Schreiner, V. I. Lebedev, Thomas Kihm, H. Strecker, Manfred Lindner, L. V. Inzhechik, T. Wester, A.A. Smolnikov, Alessandro Bettini, M. Barnabe Heider, C. Cattadori, Kai Zuber, Allen Caldwell, V. I. Gurentsov, A. Kirsch, M. Heisel, A. A. Machado, D. Budjáš, E. Bellotti, V. Brudanin, Stefan Schönert, K. K. Guthikonda, Xianpeng Liu, Oliver Schulz, K. von Sturm, A. Domula, L. B. Bezrukov, H. Simgen, E. Shevchik, Alberto Pullia, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, Christian Bauer, I. R. Barabanov, K. Freund, A. Garfagnini, M. Junker, L. Ioannucci, Marcin Wójcik, S. V. Zhukov, G. Pessina, P. Grabmayr, V. Egorov, M. Allardt, R. Brugnera, A. Lubashevskiy, Luca Stanco, D. R. Zinatulina, Marc Walter, N. Frodyma, V. V. Kuzminov, J. Janicskó Csáthy, Matteo Agostini, Werner Hofmann, Cinzia Sada, Giovanni Benato, Claudio Gotti, M. Balata, C. Macolino, Mikael Hult, T. Bode, A. D. Ferella, B. Schwingenheuer, I. Zhitnikov, G. Heusser, K. T. Knöpfle, A. Hegai, G. Zuzel, O.I. Kochetov, W. Hampel, S. T. Belyaev, A. M. Gangapshev, E. V. Demidova, S. Belogurov, A. Wegmann, Igor Nemchenok, Bela Majorovits, M. Salathe, S. Nisi, Luciano Pandola, I. V. Kirpichnikov, A. A. Klimenko, N. Rumyantseva, B. Lehnert, O. Volynets, Ivano Lippi, K. N. Gusev, W. Maneschg, E. A. Yanovich, Stefano Riboldi, V. N. Kornoukhov, K. Pelczar, E. Andreotti, M. Misiaszek, M. Shirchenko, Laura Baudis, C. A. Ur, N. Barros, H. Y. Liao, Guillaume Lutter, A. Chernogorov, A. M. Bakalyarov, J. Jochum, F. Cossavella, M. Tarka, R. Falkenstein, C. Schmitt, C.M. O'Shaughnessy, A. Lazzaro, Matthias Laubenstein, P. Zavarise, Agostini, M, Allardt, M, Andreotti, E, Bakalyarov, A, Balata, M, Barabanov, I, Barnabé Heider, M, Barros, N, Baudis, L, Bauer, C, Becerici Schmidt, N, Bellotti, E, Belogurov, S, Belyaev, S, Benato, G, Bettini, A, Bezrukov, L, Bode, T, Brudanin, V, Brugnera, R, Budjáš, D, Caldwell, A, Cattadori, C, Chernogorov, A, Cossavella, F, Demidova, E, Domula, A, Egorov, V, Falkenstein, R, Ferella, A, Freund, K, Frodyma, N, Gangapshev, A, Garfagnini, A, Gotti, C, Grabmayr, P, Gurentsov, V, Gusev, K, Guthikonda, K, Hampel, W, Hegai, A, Heisel, M, Hemmer, S, Heusser, G, Hofmann, W, Hult, M, Inzhechik, L, Ioannucci, L, Janicskó Csáthy, J, Jochum, J, Junker, M, Kihm, T, Kirpichnikov, I, Kirsch, A, Klimenko, A, Knöpfle, K, Kochetov, O, Kornoukhov, V, Kuzminov, V, Laubenstein, M, Lazzaro, A, Lebedev, V, Lehnert, B, Liao, H, Lindner, M, Lippi, I, Liu, X, Lubashevskiy, A, Lubsandorzhiev, B, Lutter, G, Macolino, C, Machado, A, Majorovits, B, Maneschg, W, Misiaszek, M, Nemchenok, I, Nisi, S, O'Shaughnessy, C, Pandola, L, Pelczar, K, Pessina, G, Pullia, A, Riboldi, S, Rumyantseva, N, Sada, C, Salathe, M, Schmitt, C, Schreiner, J, Schulz, O, Schwingenheuer, B, Schönert, S, Shevchik, E, Shirchenko, M, Simgen, H, Smolnikov, A, Stanco, L, Strecker, H, Tarka, M, Ur, C, Vasenko, A, Volynets, O, von Sturm, K, Wagner, V, Walter, M, Wegmann, A, Wester, T, Wojcik, M, Yanovich, E, Zavarise, P, Zhitnikov, I, Zhukov, S, Zinatulina, D, Zuber, K, and Zuzel, G
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Detector, Phase (waves), chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Germanium, Compton edge, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Type (model theory), Shape parameter, chemistry, Beta (velocity), Sensitivity (control systems), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Engineering (miscellaneous), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The GERDA experiment located at the LNGS searches for neutrinoless double beta (0\nu\beta\beta) decay of ^{76}Ge using germanium diodes as source and detector. In Phase I of the experiment eight semi-coaxial and five BEGe type detectors have been deployed. The latter type is used in this field of research for the first time. All detectors are made from material with enriched ^{76}Ge fraction. The experimental sensitivity can be improved by analyzing the pulse shape of the detector signals with the aim to reject background events. This paper documents the algorithms developed before the data of Phase I were unblinded. The double escape peak (DEP) and Compton edge events of 2.615 MeV \gamma\ rays from ^{208}Tl decays as well as 2\nu\beta\beta\ decays of ^{76}Ge are used as proxies for 0\nu\beta\beta\ decay. For BEGe detectors the chosen selection is based on a single pulse shape parameter. It accepts 0.92$\pm$0.02 of signal-like events while about 80% of the background events at Q_{\beta\beta}=2039 keV are rejected. For semi-coaxial detectors three analyses are developed. The one based on an artificial neural network is used for the search of 0\nu\beta\beta\ decay. It retains 90% of DEP events and rejects about half of the events around Q_{\beta\beta}. The 2\nu\beta\beta\ events have an efficiency of 0.85\pm0.02 and the one for 0\nu\beta\beta\ decays is estimated to be 0.90^{+0.05}_{-0.09}. A second analysis uses a likelihood approach trained on Compton edge events. The third approach uses two pulse shape parameters. The latter two methods confirm the classification of the neural network since about 90% of the data events rejected by the neural network are also removed by both of them. In general, the selection efficiency extracted from DEP events agrees well with those determined from Compton edge events or from 2\nu\beta\beta\ decays., Comment: 18 pages, 27 figures
Published: 2013

32. Results on Neutrinoless Double-βDecay ofGe76from Phase I of the GERDA Experiment

Author: Laura Baudis, J. Janicskó Csáthy, S. Hemmer, O.I. Kochetov, H. Y. Liao, I. Zhitnikov, M. Laubenstein, B. K. Lubsandorzhiev, C. Gotti, S. T. Belyaev, L. Stanco, A. M. Gangapshev, Hardy Simgen, A. D. Ferella, L. V. Inzhechik, V. G. Egorov, M. Balata, O. Schulz, X. Liu, A. Domula, K. T. Knoepfle, Ivano Lippi, V. I. Gurentsov, P. Zavarise, K. N. Gusev, M. Shirchenko, G. Zuzel, B. Lehnert, V. Wagner, D. R. Zinatulina, P. Grabmayr, O. Volynets, J. Jochum, A. A. Vasenko, N. Barros, T. Bode, A. Lubashevskiy, M. Allardt, V. I. Lebedev, C. O'Shaughnessy, N. Becerici-Schmidt, H. Strecker, C. Bauer, Stefano Riboldi, D. Budjáš, F. Potenza, Mikael Hult, V. B. Brudanin, C. Macolino, A. Garfagnini, S. Belogurov, M. Misiaszek, A. Kirsch, A. A. Machado, Manfred Lindner, T. Wester, A.A. Smolnikov, A. Lazzaro, E. Andreotti, C. Cattadori, Kai Zuber, E. Bellotti, C. Schmitt, N. Frodyma, W. Maneschg, A. Hegai, L. B. Bezrukov, G. Heusser, E. Shevchik, E. A. Yanovich, Stefano Nisi, M. Heider Barnabé, G. Pessina, R. Brugnera, Werner Hofmann, Alessandro Bettini, V. V. Kuzminov, Matteo Agostini, Allen Caldwell, L. Ioannucci, I. R. Barabanov, K. K. Guthikonda, K. von Sturm, S. V. Zhukov, M. Junker, M. M. Wojcik, K. Freund, B. Schwingenheuer, Stefan Schönert, A. Pullia, Cinzia Sada, Giovanni Benato, V. N. Kornoukhov, K. Pelczar, Guillaume Lutter, A. M. Bakalyarov, F. Cossavella, M. Tarka, R. Falkenstein, Jochen Schreiner, I. V. Kirpichnikov, C. A. Ur, A. Chernogorov, W. Hampel, E. V. Demidova, A. Wegmann, Igor Nemchenok, Bela Majorovits, M. Salathe, Th. Kihm, Luciano Pandola, A. A. Klimenko, M. Heisel, N. Rumyantseva, and M. Walter
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Double beta decay, Phase (matter), General Physics and Astronomy, Lepton number, Lower limit, Standard Model
Abstract: Neutrinoless double beta decay is a process that violates lepton number conservation. It is predicted to occur in extensions of the standard model of particle physics. This Letter reports the results from phase I of the Germanium Detector Array (GERDA) experiment at the Gran Sasso Laboratory (Italy) searching for neutrinoless double beta decay of the isotope $^{76}\mathrm{Ge}$. Data considered in the present analysis have been collected between November 2011 and May 2013 with a total exposure of 21.6 kg yr. A blind analysis is performed. The background index is about $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{counts}/(\mathrm{keV}\text{ }\mathrm{kg}\text{ }\mathrm{yr})$ after pulse shape discrimination. No signal is observed and a lower limit is derived for the half-life of neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{76}\mathrm{Ge}$, ${T}_{1/2}^{0\ensuremath{\nu}}g2.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{25}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{yr}$ (90% C.L.). The combination with the results from the previous experiments with $^{76}\mathrm{Ge}$ yields ${T}_{1/2}^{0\ensuremath{\nu}}g3.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{25}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{yr}$ (90% C.L.).
Published: 2013

33. Pair Correlations in Nuclei: Copenhagen, 1958

Author: S. T. Belyaev
Published: 2013

34. Sub-eV limit for the neutrino mass from 76Ge double beta decay by the HEIDELBERG-MOSCOW experiment

Author: E. Scheer, M. Hirsch, Hans Volker Klapdor-Kleingrothaus, A. Balysh, S. T. Belyaev, D. Kotel'nikov, H. Päs, Ch. Hoffmann, Marcus Beck, A. Demehin, M. Völlinger, F. Petry, Berenike Maier, V. I. Lebedev, H. Strecker, G. Heusser, A. Müller, A. Gurov, J. Bockholt, I. Kondratenko, and J. Hellmig
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, MAJORANA, Seesaw molecular geometry, Double beta decay, Physics beyond the Standard Model, Context (language use), Neutrino, Neutrino oscillation, Beta decay
Abstract: The HEIDELBERG-MOSCOW double beta decay experiment using HP germanium semiconductor detectors enriched in 76Ge is the first ββ experiment to penetrate into the sub-eV range. After a measuring time of 10.2 kg·a (117.0 mol·a) the half-life limit for 76Ge 0νββ decay is T 1 2 ≥ 5.6×10 24 a (90% C. L.) or T 1 2 ≥9.4×10 24 a (68% C.L.) which corresponds to an upper limit for the effective Majorana neutrino mass 〈mν〉 ≤ 0.65 eV (90% C.L.) or 〈mν〉 ≤ 0.50 eV (68% C. L.). For a superheavy neutrino, as it occurs, e. g., in seesaw models, we extract a limit of 〈mH〉 ≥ 5.1×107 GeV. These numbers are of importance in the context of presently discussed indications of physics beyond the Standard Model.
Published: 1995

35. Kurchatov Synchrotron Radiation Source status report

Author: V. G. Stankevitch and S. T. Belyaev
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Beamline, Synchrotron Radiation Source, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Atomic physics, Status report, Ring (chemistry), Instrumentation, Storage ring
Abstract: A brief description of the Kurchatov Synchrotron Radiation Source is given. Commissioning of the injection complex is presented. Installation of the big storage ring is almost finished and high‐vacuum conditions are fulfilled in half of the ring. Active proposals for investigations are described.
Published: 1995

36. Searching for dark matter with the enriched Ge detectors of the Heidelberg-Moscow ββ experiment

Author: M. Völlinger, A. Gurov, Hans Volker Klapdor-Kleingrothaus, A. Demehin, J. Bockholt, Kai Zuber, F. Petry, A. Balysh, Marcus Beck, Berenike Maier, V. I. Lebedev, A. Müller, H. Strecker, I. Kondratenko, G. Heusser, F. Bensch, A. Piepke, and S. T. Belyaev
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Particle physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dirac (video compression format), Dark matter, WIMP Argon Programme, Nuclear physics, Weakly interacting massive particles, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Cryogenic Dark Matter Search, Neutrino, Light dark matter
Abstract: For the first time a search for dark matter with isotopically enriched material is done, by using the Ge detectors of the Heidelberg-Moscow experiment. A measuring time of 165.6 kg·d is used to set limits on the spin-independent cross section of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). A background level of 0.102±0.005 events/(kg·d·keV) was achieved (average value between 11 keV and 30 keV). It was possible to extend the exclusion range for Dirac neutrino masses up to 4.7 TeV.
Published: 1994

37. Measurement of the ββ2ν decay of 76Ge

Author: S. T. Belyaev, V. I. Lebedev, H. Strecker, A. Demehin, A. Piepke, Kai Zuber, A. Gurov, Marcus Beck, M. Völlinger, A. Müller, D. Kotel'nikov, J. Bockholt, F. Bensch, F. Petry, I. Kondratenko, Berenike Maier, A. Pronsky, Hans Volker Klapdor-Kleingrothaus, A. Balysh, and G. Heusser
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Radioactive decay
Abstract: From the data taken with one of the enriched detectors of the Heidelberg-Moscow ββ experiment a half-life of T 1 2 2v = (1.42 ± 0.03 ( stat ) ± 0.13 ( syst )) × 10 12 yr for the two-neutrino double-beta ( ββ 2 ν ) decay of 76 Ge is derived. The 76 Ge exposure is 19.3 mol yr. This result represents the first high statistics measurement and probably the first undoubtable evidence of this extremely rare nuclear decay mode. The measured decay rate is in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
Published: 1994

38. Background recognition in Ge detectors by pulse shape analysis

Author: A. Gurov, Norman W. Madden, Hans Volker Klapdor-Kleingrothaus, A. Balysh, A. Piepke, V. I. Lebedev, H. Strecker, D. Kotel'nikov, I. Kondratenko, Richard H. Pehl, D.A. Landis, A. Demehin, F. Petry, and S. T. Belyaev
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Identification (information), Optics, business.industry, Event (relativity), Detector, Pulse shape analysis, business, Instrumentation, Semiconductor detector
Abstract: A method of event identification that distinguishes single and multiple-site events by determining the number of interactions in a high purity germanium detector is reported. The selectivity of the method has been experimentally verified.
Published: 1993

39. New experimental limits for electron decay and charge conservation

Author: S. T. Belyaev, A. Gurov, J. Bockholt, V. I. Lebedev, H. Strecker, F. Petry, Berenike Maier, A. Müller, A. Demehin, I. Kondratenko, G. Heusser, Kai Zuber, F. Bensch, A. Balysh, Hans Volker Klapdor-Kleingrothaus, Marcus Beck, and A. Piepke
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Charge conservation, chemistry, Solar neutrino, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Charge (physics), Germanium, Limit (mathematics), Electron, Gallium
Abstract: New experimental limits for the decay e− → γ + νe are reported. The lower limit for the half-life of this decay mode is T e 1 2 > 1.63 × 10 25 yr (68% CL). The data were collected for 3199 h by using one of the enriched germanium detectors of the Heidelberg-Moscow ββ Collaboration. This detector has an active volume of 591 cm3. This value is up to now the most stringent laboratory limit for this decay mode. Also charge nonconservation in nuclei is shortly discussed in the GaGe system using the data of gallium solar neutrino experiments.
Published: 1993

40. Anatolii Petrovich Aleksandrov (on his ninetieth birthday)

Author: Evgenii Pavlovich Velikhov, Boris B. Kadomtsev, V D Rusanov, S T Belyaev, N. S. Khlopkin, Yurii M. Kagan, N N Ponomarev-Stepnoĭ, and Nikolai A Chernoplekov
Subjects: General Physics and Astronomy
Published: 1993

41. New half life limits for the? ? 2v+0v decay of76Ge to the excited states of76Se from the Heidelberg-Moscow ?? experiment

Author: Hans Volker Klapdor-Kleingrothaus, V. I. Lebedev, H. Strecker, A. Gurov, A. Pronsky, J. Bockholt, M. Hirsch, S. T. Belyaev, I. Kondratenko, Marcus Beck, A. Demehin, G. Heusse, K. Zuber, J. Echternach, A. M. Bakalyarov, A. Piepke, A. Müller, and A. Balysh
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Background spectrum, Photon, Classical mechanics, chemistry, Excited state, Electromagnetic shielding, Nuclear fusion, chemistry.chemical_element, Half-life, Germanium, Atomic physics
Abstract: Half life limits for theββ 2v+0v decay of76Ge to excited states of76Se are deduced from the background spectrum of a passive shielding of zone refined germanium (139.5 kg). A special low-activity HPGe-detector (102 ccm) was mounted inside this shielding to search for the transition photons emitted in the decay of the excited states. The resulting limits for the (0+→2 1 + and the (0+→0 1 + ) transition are 6.3·1020 y (68%cl).
Published: 1992

42. Diagnostic investigation of the damaged reactor at Chernobyl

Author: N. N. Ponomarev-Stepnoi, S. S. Abalin, I. N. Kambulov, V. A. Pryanichnikov, A. Yu. Gagarinskii, V. G. Volkov, S. S. Ogorodnik, S. T. Belyaev, V. D. Popov, V. I. Morozov, N. E. Kukharkin, A. A. Vasil'ev, A. A. Borovoi, and A. N. Kheruvimov
Subjects: Scrutiny, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Work (electrical), General Engineering, Forensic engineering, Environmental science
Abstract: The lessons of the accident at Chernobyl' should be used to the maximum extent in a critical scrutiny both of plans for the development of nuclear energy and of the guarantees of its safety. In this matter, the work performed on the "Cover" structure should play a major role, permitting one to more precisely limit the development of a severe accident, to control the behavior of the fuel, and to guide the building of structures in extreme situations. Experience accumulates the creation of control and diagnostics systems, warnings, the acceptance of solutions for projected accidents, and develops a data bank.
Published: 1990

43. The 'proba' information system: Monitoring radioactive contamination of territory after the chernobyl' nuclear plant accident

Author: Yu. L. Dobrynin, S. T. Belyaev, and A. A. Borovoi
Subjects: Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Waste management, Nuclear engineering, Radioactive contamination, General Engineering, Environmental science, Nuclear plant, Accident (philosophy)
Published: 1990

44. The use of helicopter‐borne neutron detectors to detect nuclear warheads in the USSR‐US black sea experiment

Author: V. M. Armashov, V. I. Lebedev, V. A. Ryazantsev, S. A. Voshchinin, S. T. Belyaev, M. V. Zemlyakov, and B. A. Obinyakov
Subjects: Fissile material, Instrumentation, Nuclear engineering, General Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Plutonium, Nuclear physics, Warhead, chemistry, Neutron flux, Environmental science, Neutron detection, Neutron, Altimeter
Abstract: The Soviet Navy used a helicopter/ship system called "Sovietnik" to detect a cruise-missile warhead in the joint USSR-US experiment on the Black Sea, which took place on 5 July 1989. The system consists of a ship-based helicopter, equipped with a neutron detector and processing equipment, and associated ship-based equipment. The system was developed at the I.V. Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy. Its operation is based on detecting the neutrons emitted from the spontaneous fission of the plutonium-240 contained as an impurity in weapon plutonium. The Sovietnik neutron detector is based on helium-3 counters in a moderator. It is designed to detect the neutron flux from a single nuclear warhead at distances up to 100-150 meters. At these distances, the flux does not exceed 10 percent of the natural background and is comparable with its variations. Therefore when developing the Sovietnik system, great attention was given to factors affecting the value and behavior of the background. The neutron detector, together with instrumentation for recording and preliminary processing and analysis of initial information, is located on the helicopter, which, carries out the measurement while flying slowly past the ship in question. The presence of fissile material on the ship is considered to be established if the measured neutron-radiation signal in the ship zone is higher than a "threshold" defined as a level that exceeds expected background fluctuations by three standard deviations, allowing for possible background variations and other uncertainties of statistical and nonstatistical character. The instrumentation system includes a helicopter altimeter and a laser range finder. The data from these instruments are recorded synchronously with those from the neutron detector. The laser range
Published: 1990

45. 2νββ decay of 76Ge into excited states with GERDA phase I

Author: null GERDA Collaboration, M Agostini, M Allardt, A M Bakalyarov, M Balata, I Barabanov, N Barros, L Baudis, C Bauer, N Becerici-Schmidt, E Bellotti, S Belogurov, S T Belyaev, G Benato, A Bettini, L Bezrukov, T Bode, D Borowicz, V Brudanin, R Brugnera, D Budjáš, A Caldwell, C Cattadori, A Chernogorov, V D’Andrea, E V Demidova, A di Vacri, A Domula, E Doroshkevich, V Egorov, R Falkenstein, O Fedorova, K Freund, N Frodyma, A Gangapshev, A Garfagnini, C Gooch, P Grabmayr, V Gurentsov, K Gusev, A Hegai, M Heisel, S Hemmer, G Heusser, W Hofmann, M Hult, L V Inzhechik, J Janicskó Csáthy, J Jochum, M Junker, V Kazalov, T Kihm, I V Kirpichnikov, A Kirsch, A Klimenko, K T Knöpfle, O Kochetov, V N Kornoukhov, V V Kuzminov, M Laubenstein, A Lazzaro, V I Lebedev, B Lehnert, H Y Liao, M Lindner, I Lippi, A Lubashevskiy, B Lubsandorzhiev, G Lutter, C Macolino, B Majorovits, W Maneschg, E Medinaceli, Y Mi, M Misiaszek, P Moseev, I Nemchenok, D Palioselitis, K Panas, L Pandola, K Pelczar, A Pullia, S Riboldi, N Rumyantseva, C Sada, M Salathe, C Schmitt, B Schneider, J Schreiner, O Schulz, B Schwingenheuer, S Schönert, A-K Schütz, O Selivanenko, M Shirchenko, H Simgen, A Smolnikov, L Stanco, M Stepaniuk, C A Ur, L Vanhoefer, A A Vasenko, A Veresnikova, K von Sturm, V Wagner, M Walter, A Wegmann, T Wester, H Wilsenach, M Wojcik, E Yanovich, P Zavarise, I Zhitnikov, S V Zhukov, D Zinatulina, K Zuber, and G Zuzel
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, chemistry, Double beta decay, Excited state, chemistry.chemical_element, Beta (velocity), Germanium, Electron, Neutrino, Beta decay, Order of magnitude
Abstract: Two neutrino double beta decay of $^{76}$Ge to excited states of $^{76}$Se has been studied using data from Phase I of the GERDA experiment. An array composed of up to 14 germanium detectors including detectors that have been isotopically enriched in $^{76}$Ge was deployed in liquid argon. The analysis of various possible transitions to excited final states is based on coincidence events between pairs of detectors where a de-excitation $\gamma$ ray is detected in one detector and the two electrons in the other. No signal has been observed and an event counting profile likelihood analysis has been used to determine Frequentist 90\,\% C.L. bounds for three transitions: ${0^+_{\rm g.s.}-2^+_1}$: $T^{2\nu}_{1/2}>$1.6$\cdot10^{23}$ yr, ${0^+_{\rm g.s.}-0^+_1}$: $T^{2\nu}_{1/2}>$3.7$\cdot10^{23}$ yr and ${0^+_{\rm g.s.}-2^+_2}$: $T^{2\nu}_{1/2}>$2.3$\cdot10^{23}$ yr. These bounds are more than two orders of magnitude larger than those reported previously. Bayesian 90\,\% credibility bounds were extracted and used to exclude several models for the ${0^+_{\rm g.s.}-0^+_1}$ transition.
Published: 2015

46. Single identified hadron spectra fromsNN=130GeVAu+Aucollisions

Author: P. Pitukhin, Shunji Nishimura, Y. Tanaka, T. K. Shea, S. P. Sorensen, M. Kann, Z. Sun, Peter M. Nilsson, J. P. Sullivan, S. Y. Fung, E. P. Hartouni, J. G. Lajoie, P. J. Kroon, S. S. Adler, G. S. Kyle, Charles Maguire, M. Rosati, Ajit Kumar Mohanty, James Alexander, T. A. Shibata, Y. Sumi, Wei Tian, S. Butsyk, B. Khachaturov, T. Matsumoto, Joakim Nystrand, H. Hara, R. Averbeck, M. Velkovsky, Vladimir Samsonov, Byung-Sik Hong, A. Bazilevsky, John Hill, K. Oyama, Josh Moss, Hiroaki Ohnishi, M. Tamai, S. Kametani, S. Yokkaichi, I. Otterlund, J. Lauret, Aya Sakaguchi, A. A. Vinogradov, Toru Sugitate, E. Kistenev, D. E. Fields, T. Ushiroda, B. K. Nandi, Alexei Khanzadeev, A. A. Rose, Alexandre Lebedev, B. V. Jacak, Henrik Tydesjö, A. A. Tsvetkov, Mikhail Ippolitov, Z. Li, B. M. Johnson, D. M. Lee, Dong Jo Kim, J. Simon-Gillo, J. L. Nagle, H. Tsuruoka, P. Steinberg, Jiangyong Jia, Y. Goto, Athanasios Petridis, Martin Purschke, F. Matathias, S. Botelho, J. T. Mitchell, M. Pollack, N. Bruner, E. Stenlund, T. A. Carey, S. Klinksiek, A. Drees, Vladislav Manko, Norio Saito, H. Buesching, A. Kiyomichi, Hideki Hamagaki, Y. J. Kwon, G. David, M. D. Marx, S. N. White, M. A. Volkov, I. Shein, Yoshio Arai, Xingguo Li, T. Chujo, G. C. Mishra, Alexander Milov, T. Peitzmann, Saskia Mioduszewski, D. Kotchetkov, C. A. Ogilvie, A. G. Hansen, German Martinez, T. K. Hemmick, Y. H. Shin, Yasuo Miake, T. L. Thomas, J. H. Kang, Zhongfan Liu, A. Glenn, K. Kurita, J. S. Haggerty, M. S. Chung, C. Witzig, Ryugo S. Hayano, B. V. Dinesh, Z. Fraenkel, M. Sivertz, A. Ster, J. Chang, Y. Riabov, S. Sawada, A. Franz, S. S. Kapoor, F. G. Bellaiche, S. Nagamiya, H. Wang, Yves Roland Schutz, C. Pinkenburg, Shiv K. Gupta, J. M. Heuser, W. Y. Jang, Kenta Shigaki, E. M. Takagui, B. A. Cole, J. Barrette, O. Dietzsch, S. Bathe, D. P. Morrison, R. S. Towell, T. E. Miller, R. K. Choudhury, J. H. Thomas, Hiroyuki Sako, F. Messer, V. E. Semenov, I. Ravinovich, An.A. Vorobyov, T. Ichihara, V. S. Pantuev, S. P. Stoll, S. Markacs, A. S. Nyanin, Yongsun Kim, F. K. Wohn, F. Plasil, P. W. Stankus, R. Santo, T. Christ, Dipanwita Dutta, Kensuke Homma, E. Melnikov, V.A. Onuchin, S. Belikov, K. S. Joo, T. C. Awes, M. J. Bennett, Jun Kikuchi, P. Chung, T. K. Ghosh, G. Bunce, David D'Enterria, Agneta Oskarsson, Julia Velkovska, K. Adcox, N. Hayashi, S. K. Mark, S. Chernichenko, C. L. Woody, T. Ferdousi, I. D. Ojha, K. Pope, I. Tserruya, Yu. Efremenko, V. Bumazhnov, S. S. Ryu, Tai Sakuma, V. Singh, B. Bassalleck, F. Mühlbacher, L. Ewell, Junji Tojo, D. S. Ho, T. C. Sangster, L. Paffrath, D. Koehler, P. L. McGaughey, R. P. Pisani, K. Ebisu, Y. Nakada, Y. Watanabe, K. El Chenawi, N. N. Ajitanand, Y. Berdnikov, Y. Akiba, W. C. Chang, J. M. Burward-Hoy, H. Torii, S. C. Johnson, Y. J. Mao, M. J. Kweon, Lennart Osterman, Roy A. Lacey, H. En'yo, W. W. Kinnison, M. J. Leitch, Hirohiko Sato, Nikolay Tyurin, P. D. Barnes, S. K. Tuli, J.R. Mahon, Kazuhiro Tanaka, A. Soldatov, S. F. Pate, B. R. Schlei, Klaus Johannes Reygers, D. J. Lim, C.Y. Chi, Jason Newby, J. Murata, Atsushi Taketani, Minghui Liu, L. Nikkinen, V. Papavassiliou, T. Kohama, Kenneth Francis Read, A. Durum, Masayasu Ishihara, E. J. Desmond, Susumu Sato, M. Muniruzzaman, D. S. Brown, M. Hibino, M. Sugioka, W. A. Zajc, Wei Xie, A. P.T. Palounek, I. E. Yushmanov, A. Deshpande, X. He, S. Garpman, H. A. Gustafsson, H. W. Van Hecke, R. E. Mischke, L. L. Chavez, A. L. Godoi, M. Chiu, X. Liu, V. Kochetkov, Viktor Riabov, E. Vznuzdaev, V. Baublis, T. Shiina, S. Esumi, A. Denisov, S. Y. Kim, V. Cianciolo, L. Aphecetche, I. Sibiriak, Sergey Fokin, Akira Masaike, P. Chand, A. Hoover, R. A. Soltz, M. Grosse Perdekamp, E. Taniguchi, David Olle Rickard Silvermyr, M. Suzuki, Senta Greene, C. P. Singh, E. O'Brien, Y. I. Makdisi, M. J. Tannenbaum, K. N. Barish, S. Kelly, M. Ono, L. Kochenda, D. Bucher, N. Starinsky, S. T. Belyaev, G. R. Young, H. J. Kim, J. Chiba, K. S. Sim, Yasushi Nagasaka, Juergen Thomas, M. L. Brooks, Takao Sakaguchi, C. Klein-Boesing, A. D. Frawley, K. Imai, W. Guryn, S. H. Aronson, M. Messer, A. Kozlov, C. Velissaris, R. Seto, Zhedong Zhang, H. Delagrange, K. Yagi, S. Zhou, and Markus Merschmeyer
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Intersecting Storage Rings, Nuclear Theory, Elliptic flow, Hadron, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Nuclear physics, Momentum, Pion, Antiproton, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
Abstract: Transverse momentum spectra and yields of hadrons are measured by the PHENIX collaboration in Au+Au collisions at √s NN =130 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The time-of-flight resolution allows identification of pions to transverse momenta of 2 GeV/c and protons and antiprotons to 4 GeV/c. The yield of pions rises approximately linearly with the number of nucleons participating in the collision, while the number of kaons, protons, and antiprotons increases more rapidly. The shape of the momentum distribution changes between peripheral and central collisions. Simultaneous analysis of all the p T spectra indicates radial collective expansion, consistent with predictions of hydrodynamic models. Hydrodynamic analysis of the spectra shows that the expansion velocity increases with collision centrality and collision energy. This expansion boosts the particle momenta, causing the yield from soft processes to exceed that for hard to large transverse momentum, perhaps as large as 3 GeV/c.
Published: 2004

47. Formation of dense partonic matter in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC: Experimental evaluation by the PHENIX collaboration

Author: M. Pollack, N. Bruner, P. Steinberg, B. Khachaturov, Serguei Afanasiev, R. Lacey, T. Matsumoto, Y. Tanaka, N. N. Ajitanand, K. Hasuko, T. K. Shea, H. Kobayashi, K. Tanida, S. Bathe, Terry C Awes, V. I. Kochetkov, N. Starinsky, J. Chiba, Martin Purschke, F. Gastineau, A. A. Tsvetkov, D. Kotchetkov, Z. Fraenkel, Y. Berdnikov, E. R. Hartouni, J. Murata, R. K. Choudhury, Y. Akiba, A. Devismes, B. D. Fox, P. Pitukhin, M. Kann, Shih-Chang Lee, S. Botelho, Vladislav Manko, Lennart Osterman, S. Nagamiya, S. C. Johnson, S. Butsyk, Kazuhiro Tanaka, K. S. Sim, M. D. Marx, H. Tsuruoka, Klaus Johannes Reygers, Vladimir Samsonov, S. N. White, Marie Germain, M. J. Kweon, M. E. Sadler, Taku Gunji, M. Sakai, F. Kajihara, Hiroyuki Okada, Shunji Nishimura, E. J. Desmond, I. Shein, Y. Le Bornec, R. A. Soltz, H. Borel, Joakim Nystrand, H. Hara, T. Shohjoh, A. Durum, M. Wysocki, T. Peitzmann, H. Hiejima, A. G. Litvinenko, M. A. Volkov, M. Velkovsky, Atsushi Taketani, Jean-Pierre Cussonneau, I. Otterlund, M. Togawa, M. Hibino, A. Kiss, J. Park, H. Delagrange, Eva Haslum, O. Drapier, X. Camard, V.A. Onuchin, S. Belikov, K. S. Joo, I. Tserruya, Saskia Mioduszewski, Florian Bauer, D. S. Brown, H.-Å. Gustafsson, A. Parmar, T. C. Sangster, S. Esumi, Tamas Ferenc Csorgo, L. Paffrath, J. E. Frantz, Y. J. Kwon, J. Simon-Gillo, W. E. Sondheim, D. Sharma, W. C. Smith, L. Sanfratello, M. Messer, K. El Chenawi, M. R. Shaw, J. L. Nagle, Henner Buesching, M. Grosse Perdekamp, A. Kozlov, C. Velissaris, G. R. Young, Y. Tsuchimoto, S. F. Pate, M. Kopytine, K. Yagi, S. Zhou, A. Baldisseri, R. Seto, Zhedong Zhang, K. Haruna, M. S. Chung, G. C. Mishra, H. Pereira, R. Amirikas, I. Sibiriak, Laurent Bernard Aphecetche, Takao Sakaguchi, Y. Mao, Christine Angela Aidala, V-N. Tram, S. Borenstein, P. A. Rukoyatkin, W. A. Zajc, M. K. Lee, I. E. Yushmanov, H. Wang, Yves Roland Schutz, C. Pinkenburg, T. Kohama, V. Singh, B. R. Schlei, A. A. Vinogradov, Henrik Tydesjö, A. Deshpande, A. Pierson, F. G. Bellaiche, Y. S. Kim, Markus Merschmeyer, Anne Marie Sickles, V. Dzhordzhadze, A. Ster, V. Baublis, K. Aoki, P. Chand, Shiv K. Gupta, X. R. Wang, C. A. Ogilvie, A. Denisov, S. Y. Kim, V. Cianciolo, G. B. Kim, D. E. Fields, T. Ushiroda, B. V. Jacak, A. Glenn, T. Ichihara, S. T. Belyaev, V. S. Pantuev, O. Zaudkte, J. Jin, Steven E. Skutnik, X. He, O. O. Omiwade, F. K. Wohn, T. K. Ghosh, Matthew G. Reuter, D. Koehler, Motoi Inaba, E. Taniguchi, M. Chiu, Ajit Kumar Mohanty, V. Peresedov, E. M. Takagui, Ch. Finck, T. A. Shibata, Sergey Fokin, T. Horaguchi, A. Hoover, V. L. Rykov, T. Dahms, Y. Watanabe, K. Kiyoyama, M. Harvey, A. K. Purwar, T. A. Carey, H. J. Kim, T. K. Hemmick, Yasuo Miake, Junji Tojo, E. Melnikov, Y. Yang, K. Ebisu, C. P. Singh, I. D. Ojha, Alexander Malakhov, L. S. Zolin, Kenichi Imai, F. Messer, I. Younus, Jason Newby, C. Klein-Boesing, K. Okada, B. Sahlmueller, H. En'yo, W. W. Kinnison, P. Constantin, M. J. Leitch, S. Chernichenko, Mate Csanad, A. D. Frawley, T. Tabaru, L. Villatte, Juergen Thomas, A. Soldatov, B. K. Nandi, D. Isenhower, S. Bhagavatula, V. Papavassiliou, Sébastien Gadrat, Charles Maguire, V. Bumazhnov, M. P. Comets, I. Ravinovich, F. Plasil, Y. Nagata, B. M. Johnson, David Olle Rickard Silvermyr, H. Lim, B. Bassalleck, F. Mühlbacher, L. Ewell, Jiangyong Jia, Y. Goto, J. B. Choi, K. Das, Gerry Bunce, P. D. Barnes, S. Leckey, Jan Rak, W. Guryn, A. Yanovich, B. Komkov, H. Masui, A. K. Dubey, S. Takagi, Hirohiko Sato, S. K. Tuli, M. Konno, Y. Sumi, Wei Tian, T. Nakamura, Paul Nilsson, Zhongfan Liu, S. K. Mark, A. Isupov, S. Garpman, R. du Rietz, L. Kochenda, M. Heffner, An.A. Vorobyov, C. Suire, R. E. Mischke, J. Sziklai, S. S. Ryu, R. Granier de Cassagnac, S. Y. Fung, German Martinez, Robert F. Hobbs, K. N. Barish, M. Naglis, H. Qu, Y. Nakada, C. L. Silva, P. Tarján, L. L. Chavez, M. Ono, Josh Moss, W. C. Chang, Brian Cole, Jen-Chieh Peng, R. Vertesi, David D'Enterria, R. S. Towell, M. Tamai, E. Kistenev, John Hill, K. Oyama, J. H. Thomas, Y. Kuroki, Norio Saito, S. Markacs, Toru Sugitate, L. D. Isenhower, T. J. Uam, S. H. Aronson, W. Holzmann, Debashish Pal, T. E. Miller, Yasushi Nagasaka, Masayasu Ishihara, M. Inuzuka, M. N. Hagiwara, M. L. Brooks, Hideki Hamagaki, Ahmed Al-Jamel, S. Sawada, Paul Stankus, J. D. Tepe, G. David, J. Lauret, Aya Sakaguchi, Viktor Riabov, C. H. Kuberg, Susumu Sato, W. Y. Jang, A. Franz, H. M. Hur, T. Kawagishi, M. T. Bjorndal, M. Muniruzzaman, J. T. Mitchell, N. Kurihara, M. J. Bennett, R. Santo, Z. Li, A. Taranenko, Dong Jo Kim, G. Gogiberidze, N. Hayashi, S. S. Kapoor, Mikhail Ippolitov, A. Enokizono, François Fleuret, B. Forestier, Maya Hachiya Shimomura, F. Staley, S. Batsouli, D. Winter, D. Yu Peressounko, Sean A. Kelly, Osamu Jinnouchi, R. P. Pisani, Nikolay Tyurin, D. S. Ho, Viktor Veszpremi, M. Suzuki, T. V. Moukhanova, Yoshio Arai, Y. I. Makdisi, M. N. Wagner, P. Chung, K. Pope, H. W. Van Hecke, C. Y. Chi, H. Harada, R. Azmoun, J.R. Mahon, C. Zhang, O. Dietzsch, M. Sugioka, H. Valle, K. Adcox, Ferenc Deák, Dipanwita Dutta, N. Kamihara, M. C. McCain, M. Holmes, Athanasios Petridis, Y. Cobigo, Alexander Milov, Julia Velkovska, A. P.T. Palounek, C. R. Cleven, M. J. Tannenbaum, C. Witzig, V. V. Ikonnikov, Do-Won Kim, P. J. Kroon, F. Matathias, D. Mukhopadhyay, D. Bucher, E. R. Kinney, D. P. Morrison, V. Ladygin, M. Gonin, R. Armendariz, J. Barrette, V.N. Penev, Dong-Hun Kim, B. Espagnon, V. E. Semenov, V. Babintsev, Y. H. Shin, Marco Aurelio Lisboa Leite, J. Zimányi, T. Christ, Tatsuya Chujo, S. Klinksiek, N. Grau, Senta Greene, M. Nara, M. Sivertz, A. Drees, B. E. Norman, E. H. Kim, E. O'Brien, K. Shoji, Yongsun Kim, R. Kohara, Hiroaki Ohnishi, J. Milan, A. Hadjhenni, J. Egdemir, J. M. Qualls, L. Nikkinen, S. P. Stoll, S. S.E. Rosendahl, T. Ferdousi, D. Jouan, Xingguo Li, J. L. Drachenberg, J. G. Lajoie, T. Hachiya, I. J. Choi, Hiroyuki Sako, S. S. Adler, G. S. Kyle, S. Kametani, N. Willis, James Alexander, Pàl Hidas, J. H. Kang, J. S. Haggerty, A. Romana, Y. Jeong, R. Averbeck, Byung-Sik Hong, A. Bazilevsky, Philippe Rosnet, A. A. Rose, D. M. Lee, Anders Nils Erik Oskarsson, Z. Sun, J. Gosset, J. P. Sullivan, S. Yokkaichi, J. M. Heuser, J. G. Boissevain, Masashi Kaneta, K. Katou, A. Kiyomichi, M. Stepanov, G. Roche, K. Kurita, W. Park, A. G. Hansen, Shingo Sakai, H. Pei, T. L. Thomas, Ryugo S. Hayano, B. V. Dinesh, J. Chang, Y. Riabov, Kenta Shigaki, G. J. Kunde, M. Nguyen, A. S. Nyanin, E. Stenlund, C. L. Woody, A. Lebedev, I. V. Sourikova, H. Torii, D. J. Lim, Minghui Liu, Kenneth Francis Read, A. V. Kazantsev, Kensuke Homma, Soren Pontoppidan Sorensen, Yoichiro Fukao, Kyoichiro Ozawa, Jun Kikuchi, Tadaaki Isobe, Tai Sakuma, X. Zong, J. S. Chai, P. L. McGaughey, Yuri Efremenko, J. M. Burward-Hoy, A. L. Godoi, X. Liu, M. Issah, M. D. Malik, E. Vznuzdaev, T. Shiina, Yi Liu, M. Rosati, Takeo Kawabata, Akira Masaike, Johannes Peter Wessels, Wei Xie, Alexei Khanzadeev, Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PHENIX, Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Elliptic flow, FOS: Physical sciences, Jet (particle physics), [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Charged particle, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Quark–gluon plasma, State of matter, High Energy Physics::Experiment, PHENIX detector, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, Jet quenching, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Extensive experimental data from high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions were recorded using the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The comprehensive set of measurements from the first three years of RHIC operation includes charged particle multiplicities, transverse energy, yield ratios and spectra of identified hadrons in a wide range of transverse momenta (p_T), elliptic flow, two-particle correlations, non-statistical fluctuations, and suppression of particle production at high p_T. The results are examined with an emphasis on implications for the formation of a new state of dense matter. We find that the state of matter created at RHIC cannot be described in terms of ordinary color neutral hadrons., Comment: 510 authors, 127 pages text, 56 figures, 1 tables, LaTeX. Submitted to Nuclear Physics A as a regular article; v3 has minor changes in response to referee comments. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.html
Published: 2004
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48. PHENIX detector overview

Author: C. H. Kuberg, N. N. Ajitanand, J.D. Lopez, J. Chiba, L. Kotchenda, B. D. Fox, S. Bhaganatula, P. Pitukhin, Shunji Nishimura, J. Behrendt, R. A. Soltz, D.E. Hurst, F. Heistermann, G.W. Thornton, Takahiro Nakamura, G. C. Mishra, Ryo Yamamoto, Takao Sakaguchi, J.B. Archuleta, M. Grosse Perdekamp, A. L. Godoi, C. Blume, G.W. Hart, C. Klein-Boesing, A. Durum, Stephen Daniels, X. Liu, J. D. Tepe, V. Bumazhnov, A. D. Frawley, G. Riabov, A. Usachev, Wuzheng Meng, C. L. Woody, J. LaBounty, M. Issah, H. Funahashi, D. S. Brown, J. Mead, A. Lebedev, L. Hawkins, G.A. Sleege, A. Shajii, P.S. Willis, A. Khomutnikov, J.S. Hicks, D. Engo, A. Ster, R. Cunningham, S. Chollet, A. G. Hansen, S. H. Aronson, E. Taniguchi, W.D. Thomas, E. Vznuzdaev, S. F. Pate, H. Tsuruoka, R.B. Chappell, K. N. Barish, Felix E. Obenshain, V. Baublis, T. Honaguchi, I. V. Sourikova, H. Torii, V.D. Lebedev, T. Shiina, David Olle Rickard Silvermyr, S. Batsouli, E. P. Hartouni, Gerry Bunce, W. Lenz, T. L. Thomas, W. Holzmann, R. Ruggiero, H.D. Skank, Charles Maguire, Y. Sumi, M. Ono, Y. J. Kwon, W. Liccardi, Ryugo S. Hayano, B. V. Dinesh, J. Chang, Y. Riabov, J. Bowers, S. S. Adler, G. S. Kyle, K. Enosawa, S. Hahn, H.-J. Kehayias, Kenta Shigaki, V. Papavassiliou, B. Libby, Sébastien Gadrat, A. S. Nyanin, E. Stenlund, E. Bosze, Y. Miyamoto, Y. I. Makdisi, W. C. Chang, F. Messer, Yasushi Nagasaka, J. Banning, D.J. Clark, N. Miftakhov, D. E. Fields, T. Ushiroda, B. V. Jacak, G. T. Danby, M.S. Musrock, T. K. Hemmick, Sean A. Kelly, M. Sugioka, Wei Xie, A. Deshpande, Hiroaki Ohnishi, Y. Yokota, James Alexander, O. Tarasenkova, Jason Newby, J.P. Jones, Wei Tian, R. du Rietz, L. Sanfratello, T.F. Gee, Y. Wan, S. Sakai, S.H. Robinson, V. Vasiliev, J. G. Boissevain, N. Kamihara, V.I. Vishnevskii, An.A. Vorobyov, F. G. Bellaiche, M. Velkovsky, Josh Moss, V. Lebedev, M. Tamai, S. Butsyk, Vladimir Samsonov, K. Katou, C.M. Dabrowski, S. T. Belyaev, P. J. Kroon, Y. Liu, M. J. Tannenbaum, V.S. Kozlov, A. K. Purwar, T. A. Carey, J.R. Archuleta, M. Sekimoto, L. Zhang, V. S. Pantuev, G. Gogiberidze, J.P. Freidberg, E. Kistenev, Nu Xu, A. P.T. Palounek, Vladislav Manko, M. Messer, Athanasios Petridis, A. Kiyomichi, D.W. Crook, M. Murray, Senta Greene, Alexei Khanzadeev, V. V. Ikonnikov, M. Chiu, Ajit Kumar Mohanty, A. Kozlov, C. Velissaris, G. R. Young, R. Averbeck, A. A. Vinogradov, V.V. Kuriatkov, R. Raynis, K. Adcox, J. Tradeski, E.M. Stein, S. Sawada, F. Matathias, Junji Tojo, P. Steinberg, R. Armendariz, B. Azmoun, M.S. Emery, J.L. Thomas, S. S. Kapoor, Junwei Wu, Byung-Sik Hong, A. Bazilevsky, L.W. Wright, R. Seto, Zhedong Zhang, Keith W. Jones, Henrik Tydesjö, C. P. Singh, Mark Allen, Mikhail Ippolitov, M. Pollack, N. Bruner, T. A. Shibata, V.A. Onuchin, W.L. Bryan, S. Garpman, Graham H. Turner, Steven E. Skutnik, Tetsufumi Hirano, Franck Gastaldi, B. Khachaturov, O. Fackler, J.W. Walker, Alexander Milov, M. D. Marx, M. Stepanov, G. Roche, G. Jackson, V. Ivanov, A. Kandasamy, E. O'Brien, C. Pancake, D. Bucher, J. Barrette, Hyun-Chul Kim, J. M. Qualls, J. Milan, M. Rosati, G.P. Solodov, M. Bobrek, T. Matsumoto, X. He, L.Donald Isenhower, H. En'yo, W. W. Kinnison, Michael L. Simpson, P. Constantin, S. Boose, M. C. McCain, Jiangyong Jia, Y. Goto, M. J. Leitch, J. L. Nagle, M. S. Chung, P. Giannotti, R. Rao, C. Witzig, S. Klinksiek, H. Cunitz, Y. Kamyshkov, R. Hoade, R. Lacey, S. Yoneyama, O. Drapier, M. Vznuzdaev, J. H. Kang, T. C. Awes, R. Belkin, X.B. Martinez, S. Belikov, K. S. Joo, R. Machnowski, S. Migluolio, J. S. Haggerty, A. Romana, J. S. Kapustinsky, Hideki Hamagaki, L. Nikkinen, Akira Masaike, D. P. Morrison, Jun Kikuchi, Philippe Rosnet, Joakim Nystrand, N. Starinsky, H. Hara, Y. Tanaka, A. Drees, D.-W. Kim, T. K. Shea, J. Negrin, W. Von Achen, M. Suzuki-Nara, G. David, V. E. Semenov, A. Moore, R. E. Mischke, J. Johnson, C. Zhang, L. L. Chavez, C.T. Hunter, Tai Sakuma, G.T. Alley, M.L. Brooks, T. Chujo, L. Wood, V.S. Griffin, Anders Nils Erik Oskarsson, Riko Higuchi, M. Kann, T. Christ, J. Harder, A. A. Rose, J. Ferrierra, J. DeMoss, D.G. Markushin, B. K. Nandi, Christopher B. Williams, K. Minuzzo, Y. Nakada, John D. Jackson, W. Guryn, M. A. Volkov, R. Conway, R. Thern, E. J. Desmond, Viktor Riabov, R.A. Todd, V. Tarakanov, Z. Sun, F. Toldo, P. L. McGaughey, Yongsun Kim, P. W. Stankus, J. Gosset, S. Esumi, J. P. Sullivan, R. Granier de Cassagnac, N. Ericson, B. R. Schlei, W. A. Zajc, Yuri Efremenko, M. Hibino, M. Kennedy, L.G. Kudin, R. Gentry, J. M. Burward-Hoy, W. Verhoeven, M. Libkind, S. Lin, Z. Li, Dong Jo Kim, T. Shimada, R.H. Hance, A. Denisov, S. Y. Kim, O. Dietzsch, D. M. Lee, V. Cianciolo, Andy W. Brown, K. Karadjev, S.A. Kahn, M. Cutshaw, C. A. Ogilvie, Sergey Fokin, G.G. Moscone, H. Buesching, Dipanwita Dutta, V. Armijo, Iou.A. Koutcheryaev, V. Shangin, A. Hoover, I. Tserruya, V.V. Kashikhin, F. Barta, A.B. Barker, R. Amirikas, Julia Velkovska, L. Villatte, I. E. Yushmanov, V. Shelikhov, T. C. Sangster, L. Paffrath, R. Savino, V. Singh, E. Fujisawa, M.A. Echave, G. B. Kim, J. Gannon, D. Koehler, H. Hayashi, K. Ebisu, Yasuo Miake, M. Lenz, Melissa C. Smith, Xingguo Li, Hirohiko Sato, K. El Chenawi, S. K. Tuli, E. Roschin, D. J. Lim, W. Stokes, Zhongfan Liu, R. Jayakumar, J. Lauret, Aya Sakaguchi, German Martinez, M. Gonin, George Davey Smith, Y. H. Shin, Shih-Chang Lee, Martin Purschke, Y. Kuroki, W. Y. Jang, Minghui Liu, K. S. Sim, R. Begay, Alexander Vasiliev, Sebastian N. White, K. Kurita, M. Sivertz, T. Weimer, Kenneth Francis Read, D. Kotchetkov, T. Plagge, Z. Fraenkel, H.-Å. Gustafsson, A.W. Bland, J. Stewering, S. Bathe, D. Borland, Hiroyuki Sako, K. Imai, F. Kajihara, S. P. Stoll, H. Delagrange, V.A. Evseev, M. Kopytine, K. Yagi, S. Zhou, D.C. Smith, B. Komkov, B.R. Whitus, J. L. Drachenberg, Markus Merschmeyer, C. Britton, Y. Severgin, Norio Saito, S. Wang, T. E. Miller, R. Santo, R. Hutter, A. Enokizono, Kensuke Homma, P. Chung, E. Melnikov, K. Pope, T. Ferdousi, W.F. Sandhoff, R. K. Choudhury, A. Debraine, M.A. Kelley, Yoshio Arai, S.S. Frank, T. Ichihara, S. P. Sorensen, S. C. Johnson, Y. J. Mao, W. Sippach, D. Jouan, S. Chernichenko, M. J. Kweon, K. Koseki, Peter M. Nilsson, A. Franz, J. T. Mitchell, F. K. Wohn, B. Bassalleck, F. Mühlbacher, T. K. Ghosh, L. Ewell, T. Moore, J. G. Lajoie, T. Hachiya, S. A. Nikolaev, M. R. Shaw, K.C. Cook, U. Jagadish, M. Rau, Atsushi Taketani, H. W. Van Hecke, I. D. Ojha, Motoi Inaba, L. Britton, H. Kobayashi, S. Salomone, M. Vassent, S. K. Mark, S. Rankowitz, David D'Enterria, Y. Berdnikov, J. E. Frantz, R. Petersen, J. Simon-Gillo, R. P. Pisani, D. Jaffe, Y. Akiba, P. D. Barnes, Laurent Bernard Aphecetche, Herve Borel, Lennart Osterman, Nikolay Tyurin, S. Nagamiya, Kazuhiro Tanaka, A. Glenn, S. Urasawa, Klaus Johannes Reygers, R. Schleuter, B.C. Montoya, G. Rao, S. Steffens, S. Y. Fung, V. Kochetkov, J.R. Mahon, P. Kravtsov, Nathan Longbotham, Y. Cobigo, Jack Fried, M. Kurata-Nishimura, I. Sibiriak, I. Ravinovich, P. Chand, F. Plasil, L.C. Watkins, Ryan M. Roth, J. Halliwell, S. S. Ryu, D. Autrey, M. Van Lith, Y. Melnikov, Ahmed Al-Jamel, T. Kohama, Masayasu Ishihara, John Hill, K. Oyama, L. Kluberg, B.G. Wong-Swanson, Susumu Sato, A.L. Wintenberg, M. Muniruzzaman, P. O'Conner, F. Staley, S. Markacs, Toru Sugitate, V. Trofimov, S. Kametani, Y. Yang, B. M. Johnson, H. Akikawa, Y. Watanabe, R. Prigl, M.M. Cafferty, François Fleuret, M. Aizama, Brian Cole, R. S. Towell, J. H. Thomas, L. Davis Isenhower, S. Marino, J.C. Biggs, M. J. Bennett, K. Wolniewicz, N. Hayashi, A. Soldatov, D. S. Ho, J. Fellenstein, N. Heine, C. Y. Chi, W.E. Sondheim, E. Lockner, A. A. Tsvetkov, T. Peitzmann, Saskia Mioduszewski, H. Wang, Yves Roland Schutz, C. Pinkenburg, J. Murata, S. Botelho, Shiv K. Gupta, J.-S. Chai, J. M. Heuser, Sumio Kato, E. M. Takagui, I. Shein, I. Otterlund, A.R. Harvey, Alberto Baldisseri, A. Danmura, S. Yokkaichi, S. Held, Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Harrison M. Ludlam T. Ozaki S., PHENIX, Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Photon, Muon, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Electron, Nuclear matter, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, PHENIX detector, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Instrumentation
Abstract: The PHENIX detector is designed to perform a broad study of A-A, p-A, and p-p collisions to investigate nuclear matter under extreme conditions. A wide variety of probes, sensitive to all timescales, are used to study systematic variations with species and energy as well as to measure the spin structure of the nucleon. Designing for the needs of the heavy-ion and polarized-proton programs has produced a detector with unparalleled capabilities. PHENIX measures electron and muon pairs, photons, and hadrons with excellent energy and momentum resolution. The detector consists of a large number of subsystems that are discussed in other papers in this volume. The overall design parameters of the detector are presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2003

49. Flow Measurements via Two-Particle Azimuthal Correlations inAu+AuCollisions atsNN=130 GeV

Author: Shunji Nishimura, J. Chiba, L. Kochenda, M. Chiu, Ajit Kumar Mohanty, T. A. Shibata, M. A. Volkov, J.R. Mahon, T. Kohama, A. Franz, B. K. Nandi, T. L. Thomas, Susumu Sato, Y. Akiba, H. J. Kim, C. A. Ogilvie, G. C. Mishra, T. K. Hemmick, Yasuo Miake, M. Muniruzzaman, German Martinez, N. N. Ajitanand, M. Messer, E. P. Hartouni, Zhongfan Liu, A. Denisov, A. Kozlov, J. Simon-Gillo, S. F. Pate, Takao Sakaguchi, V. Bumazhnov, S. Sawada, C. Velissaris, Ryugo S. Hayano, S. Markacs, V. Papavassiliou, A. A. Tsvetkov, R. Seto, Juergen Thomas, S. S. Kapoor, Y. Riabov, H. Torii, C. Klein-Boesing, Kenta Shigaki, M. Ishihara, S. S. Adler, G. S. Kyle, W. Y. Jang, S. Botelho, A. D. Frawley, Hideki Hamagaki, A. Ster, Y. Nakada, G. David, I. Shein, Y. Tanaka, A. S. Nyanin, A. Glenn, K. S. Joo, J. T. Mitchell, T. K. Shea, A. Durum, E. J. Desmond, W. C. Chang, M. Kann, Athanasios Petridis, James Alexander, R. A. Soltz, D. S. Brown, Dong Jo Kim, Roy A. Lacey, Z. Sun, H. Delagrange, R. S. Towell, C. L. Woody, O. Dietzsch, F. Matathias, J. Barrette, Charles Maguire, S. C. Johnson, Y. J. Mao, K. N. Barish, I. Ravinovich, T. Ichihara, Vladislav Manko, F. Messer, M. J. Kweon, M. Hibino, A. P.T. Palounek, Y. Sumi, Wei Tian, Dipanwita Dutta, S. Klinksiek, A. Drees, J. H. Thomas, K. Yagi, R. Averbeck, Byung-Sik Hong, F. Plasil, Josh Moss, Zhen Zhang, V. Kochetkov, Y. I. Makdisi, S. Butsyk, Vladimir Samsonov, A. Bazilevsky, J. P. Sullivan, M. D. Marx, D. E. Fields, T. Ushiroda, B. V. Jacak, S. Zhou, M. Ono, Julia Velkovska, I. Tserruya, M. Grosse Perdekamp, M. Tamai, I. Otterlund, Yu. Efremenko, E. Kistenev, S. T. Belyaev, An.A. Vorobyov, M. Rosati, F. K. Wohn, V. Singh, M. Velkovsky, T. K. Ghosh, T. A. Carey, Mikhail Ippolitov, S. S. Ryu, Markus Merschmeyer, L. Paffrath, A. A. Rose, Alexandre Lebedev, D. Koehler, K. Ebisu, S. P. Stoll, M. J. Bennett, H. Hara, J. L. Nagle, A. A. Vinogradov, Henrik Tydesjö, D. M. Lee, M. S. Chung, T. Chujo, M. J. Tannenbaum, Y. Watanabe, Yasushi Nagasaka, N. Hayashi, I. D. Ojha, S. H. Aronson, G. R. Young, Jiangyong Jia, Y. Goto, Tai Sakuma, E. Taniguchi, T. E. Miller, M. L. Brooks, R. Santo, I. E. Yushmanov, D. S. Ho, Hirohiko Sato, S. K. Tuli, K. Adcox, G. Bunce, T. Ferdousi, David Olle Rickard Silvermyr, S. K. Mark, P. Chung, D. Bucher, X. He, A. G. Hansen, C. Y. Chi, A. Soldatov, David D'Enterria, K. Pope, Steven Kelly, K. S. Sim, Alexander Milov, B. Khachaturov, Yongsun Kim, R. P. Pisani, P. W. Stankus, C. Witzig, S. Kametani, Hiroyuki Sako, B. R. Schlei, Nikolay Tyurin, D. P. Morrison, K. Imai, M. Suzuki, Agneta Oskarsson, Norio Saito, B. M. Johnson, T. Matsumoto, V. E. Semenov, Y. H. Shin, S. Bathe, Yoshio Arai, Jason Newby, T. Christ, J. S. Haggerty, J. Murata, W. Guryn, S. Y. Kim, P. L. McGaughey, Ju Hwan Kang, Atsushi Taketani, Y. Berdnikov, Kensuke Homma, Alexei Khanzadeev, Brian Cole, M. Pollack, N. Bruner, E. Stenlund, Senta Greene, C. P. Singh, E. Melnikov, T. Peitzmann, Saskia Mioduszewski, V.A. Onuchin, S. Belikov, Lennart Osterman, H. Wang, Kazuhiro Tanaka, Yves Roland Schutz, C. Pinkenburg, E. O'Brien, Shiv K. Gupta, P. D. Barnes, J. M. Heuser, E. M. Takagui, S. Chernichenko, N. Starinsky, Klaus Johannes Reygers, B. Bassalleck, F. Mühlbacher, L. Ewell, P. J. Kroon, T. C. Sangster, J. Chang, K. El Chenawi, J. M. Burward-Hoy, Martin Purschke, D. Kotchetkov, J. Lauret, Aya Sakaguchi, Joakim Nystrand, K. Kurita, Z. Fraenkel, R. K. Choudhury, S. Y. Fung, M. Sivertz, H. W. Van Hecke, A. Kiyomichi, Hiroaki Ohnishi, John Hill, K. Oyama, Toru Sugitate, I. G. Sibiriak, T. C. Awes, P. Chand, Jun Kikuchi, D. J. Lim, L. Nikkinen, Minghui Liu, Kenneth Francis Read, Z. Li, H. Buesching, S. N. White, Xingguo Li, V. S. Pantuev, Junji Tojo, S. P. Sorensen, H. En'yo, W. W. Kinnison, M. J. Leitch, Peter M. Nilsson, H. Tsuruoka, Y. J. Kwon, J. G. Lajoie, Wei Xie, A. Deshpande, F. G. Bellaiche, A. L. Godoi, X. Liu, S. Yokkaichi, E. Vznuzdaev, V. Baublis, P. Steinberg, T. Shiina, L. Aphecetche, Akira Masaike, S. Esumi, B. V. Dinesh, W. A. Zajc, V. Cianciolo, Sergey Fokin, A. Hoover, S. Garpman, H. A. Gustafsson, R. E. Mischke, L. L. Chavez, Viktor Riabov, M. Sugioka, S. Nagamiya, and P. Pitukhin
Subjects: Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, media_common.quotation_subject, Hadron, Elliptic flow, General Physics and Astronomy, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Transverse plane, Correlation function (statistical mechanics), Thermalisation, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Eccentricity (behavior), Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, Scaling, media_common
Abstract: Two-particle azimuthal correlation functions are presented for charged hadrons produced in Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (sqrt[sNN]=130 GeV). The measurements permit determination of elliptic flow without event-by-event estimation of the reaction plane. The extracted elliptic flow values (v2) show significant sensitivity to both the collision centrality and the transverse momenta of emitted hadrons, suggesting rapid thermalization and relatively strong velocity fields. When scaled by the eccentricity of the collision zone e, the scaled elliptic flow shows little or no dependence on centrality for charged hadrons with relatively low pT. A breakdown of this e scaling is observed for charged hadrons with pT >1.0 GeV/c.
Published: 2002

50. Measurement ofΛandΛ¯Particles inAu+AuCollisions atsNN=130 GeV

Author: Sean A. Kelly, M. Suzuki, A. Kiyomichi, S. T. Belyaev, Y. I. Makdisi, T. C. Awes, T. L. Thomas, P. Chand, Jun Kikuchi, Senta Greene, M. Sugioka, Alexander Milov, G. R. Young, C. P. Singh, C. Witzig, S. Nagamiya, E. O'Brien, D. P. Morrison, Ryugo S. Hayano, N. N. Ajitanand, J. S. Haggerty, M. J. Tannenbaum, S. Y. Kim, Tai Sakuma, S. Markacs, V. E. Semenov, J. T. Mitchell, Vladislav Manko, M. D. Marx, G. Bunce, T. Christ, T. Ferdousi, M. Chiu, Ajit Kumar Mohanty, P. L. McGaughey, Y. Riabov, Wei Xie, A. Deshpande, M. A. Volkov, P. J. Kroon, R. A. Soltz, J. M. Burward-Hoy, T. A. Shibata, S. N. White, V. Kochetkov, C. A. Ogilvie, T. K. Hemmick, Yasuo Miake, B. K. Nandi, T. Chujo, Kenta Shigaki, D. Pal, Zhongfan Liu, Z. Sun, M. Grosse Perdekamp, W. Y. Jang, P. Pitukhin, Y. Akiba, K. S. Sim, D. Bucher, A. Durum, D. J. Lim, Athanasios Petridis, K. S. Joo, F. Matathias, S. Esumi, J. P. Sullivan, J. Barrette, S. Klinksiek, Shunji Nishimura, B. Khachaturov, A. Drees, J. Chiba, Minghui Liu, D. S. Brown, B. V. Dinesh, E. Taniguchi, Dong Jo Kim, W. A. Zajc, A. Franz, Kenneth Francis Read, K. Imai, S. H. Aronson, German Martinez, M. Messer, David Olle Rickard Silvermyr, T. Matsumoto, A. Kozlov, C. Velissaris, G. C. Mishra, S. S. Adler, R. Seto, Zhedong Zhang, V. Cianciolo, S. K. Mark, A. S. Nyanin, Sergey Fokin, L. Aphecetche, I. Tserruya, J. Lauret, Aya Sakaguchi, W. Guryn, Hiroaki Ohnishi, G. S. Kyle, Yu. Efremenko, Charles Maguire, Takao Sakaguchi, V. Singh, David D'Enterria, A. Hoover, D. Koehler, K. Ebisu, S. P. Stoll, C. Klein-Boesing, Y. Sumi, Wei Tian, K. N. Barish, Joakim Nystrand, Akira Masaike, T. E. Miller, Hideki Hamagaki, A. D. Frawley, E. P. Hartouni, M. Ono, S. Garpman, G. David, D. E. Fields, T. Ushiroda, B. V. Jacak, R. P. Pisani, H. A. Gustafsson, S. Bathe, Kensuke Homma, E. Melnikov, Hirohiko Sato, S. K. Tuli, R. Santo, A. Ster, L. Nikkinen, Yasushi Nagasaka, R. E. Mischke, L. L. Chavez, James Alexander, Agneta Oskarsson, Josh Moss, Nikolay Tyurin, P. Chung, K. Pope, T. A. Carey, S. Chernichenko, M. L. Brooks, B. Bassalleck, F. Mühlbacher, X. He, L. Ewell, A. L. Godoi, X. Liu, S. Yokkaichi, Viktor Riabov, M. Tamai, F. Messer, An.A. Vorobyov, R. Averbeck, Yongsun Kim, E. Vznuzdaev, V. Baublis, P. W. Stankus, Y. Berdnikov, Lennart Osterman, Kazuhiro Tanaka, C. L. Woody, P. Steinberg, T. Shiina, H. Buesching, K. Adcox, B. R. Schlei, Xingguo Li, H. Delagrange, E. Kistenev, Byung-Sik Hong, A. Bazilevsky, Y. H. Shin, K. Yagi, S. Zhou, K. Kurita, M. Sivertz, Klaus Johannes Reygers, Markus Merschmeyer, S. P. Sorensen, Mikhail Ippolitov, Peter M. Nilsson, L. Paffrath, J. G. Lajoie, L. Kochenda, J. Chang, A. G. Hansen, H. J. Kim, A. A. Rose, Alexandre Lebedev, H. W. Van Hecke, Juergen Thomas, D. M. Lee, M. Ishihara, Y. Tanaka, T. K. Shea, M. Kann, J.R. Mahon, A. Denisov, S. Sawada, Norio Saito, S. S. Kapoor, Yoshio Arai, H. Torii, Ju Hwan Kang, Jason Newby, S. F. Pate, J. Murata, Alexei Khanzadeev, M. Pollack, N. Bruner, E. Stenlund, Hiroyuki Sako, D. Mukhopadhyay, V. Papavassiliou, I. Ravinovich, N. Starinsky, F. Plasil, E. J. Desmond, S. S. Ryu, M. Hibino, A. P.T. Palounek, I. E. Yushmanov, J. Simon-Gillo, M. Rosati, M. Velkovsky, A. Glenn, A. A. Vinogradov, Henrik Tydesjö, Jiangyong Jia, Y. Goto, Y. Nakada, O. Dietzsch, H. Tsuruoka, Dipanwita Dutta, Julia Velkovska, Y. J. Kwon, F. G. Bellaiche, T. Kohama, Susumu Sato, M. Muniruzzaman, V. S. Pantuev, Junji Tojo, Y. Watanabe, T. Peitzmann, Saskia Mioduszewski, H. En'yo, W. W. Kinnison, M. J. Leitch, H. Wang, Yves Roland Schutz, A. Soldatov, C. Pinkenburg, Shiv K. Gupta, Martin Purschke, A. A. Tsvetkov, J. M. Heuser, S. Botelho, E. M. Takagui, R. S. Towell, I. Shein, J. H. Thomas, M. J. Bennett, N. Hayashi, D. S. Ho, C. Y. Chi, S. Kametani, B. M. Johnson, D. Kotchetkov, Brian Cole, S. Butsyk, Z. Fraenkel, Vladimir Samsonov, I. Otterlund, R. K. Choudhury, V.A. Onuchin, S. Belikov, T. C. Sangster, K. El Chenawi, S. C. Johnson, Y. J. Mao, M. J. Kweon, Atsushi Taketani, H. Hara, J. L. Nagle, M. S. Chung, V. Bumazhnov, W. C. Chang, Roy A. Lacey, T. Ichihara, F. K. Wohn, T. K. Ghosh, I. D. Ojha, P. D. Barnes, S. Y. Fung, John Hill, K. Oyama, Toru Sugitate, I. G. Sibiriak, and Z. Li
Subjects: 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 0103 physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences
Published: 2002

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