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Background: Initially the concept of pain was emotional rather than a sensory modality. The word pain is acquired from the Greek word poine which means “penalty”.1 The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) described pain as “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage”.2 Peripheral nerve blocks have become a popular anaesthetic option in the perioperative management of patients because nerve blocks provide better postoperative analgesia than does general anaesthesia, while avoiding the cardiopulmonary and central nervous system effects of general anaesthesia. Peripheral nerve block is a technique which uses local anaesthetic to be deposited around a target nerve and block the conduction of action potential thus not allowing pain signals to be transmitted to the pain centre in the brain. Materials & methods: A prospective randomised single blinded study was conducted at Vinayaka Missions Kirupananda Variyar Medical College & Hospitals, Salem from December 2019 to May 2021.

The internet is taking component in a developing feature in every non-public and professional activity. The real-time, delay sensitive and mission-essential purposes, community availability requirement is beforehand for internet carrier providers (ICPs). The loop-loose criterion (LLC) approach has been extensively deployed through numerous ICPs for handling the best network component failure state of affairs in fantastic internet through. The achievement of LLC lies in its inherent simplicity; however, this comes at the rate of letting certain failure. To reap complete failure safety with LLC without incurring significant extra, a singular link protection scheme, hybrid hyperlink protocol (HLP), to reap failure routing. In contrast with in advance schemes, HLP guarantees tall network in a greater surroundings pleasant way. HLP is carried out in stages. Initial level substances a surroundings pleasant LLC primarily based totally on (MNP-e). The complexity of the set of rules is decrease than that of Dijkstra’s set of rules and might gift similar to network availability with LCC (Loop-loose criterion). Moment level substances backup direction safety based on MNP-e, the area totally a minimum type of need to be protected, to fulfill the network requirement. We don't forget those algorithms in a massive spread of associated, real and actual, and the effects display that HLP can achieve lofty network without introducing apparent.

The RLC (Resistor, Inductor and Capacitor) based switching noise reduction model with Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) has been proposed for reducing the noise of analog RF ICs. The Scrounging Impedance (R, L & C) centered noise diminishing circuit utilized in the mixed signal circuit. The recommended design of the LNA circuit is centered on the mixed similar-gate and shunt response topological aspect of wireless communication application. The duty flight calculation alongside the Particle swarm optimization (PSO) calculation is applied to develop starting answers for recreated strengthening (SA) conspire and these underlying arrangements are utilized to break down the whole pursuit space into various tempering districts. Further, each toughening district is abused to look for an ideal arrangement utilizing a reenacted strengthening plan while keeping up a high level of decent variety. In this work, the active decoupling inductor and capacitor model is incorporated into the noise amplifier for the efficient noise and power analysis. The main objective of this work is to reduce the noise and power of the RF LNA. The proposed optimization of RF LNA is simulated by using Agilent ADS tool and the result ensures the increased performance in comparison with existing work.

Differential Equations are indispensable for modelling the real world phenomena. Numerical methods are helpful to arrive at a solution of the problems where it is difficult to find the exact solution. A new third order Runge-Kutta method based on a linear combination of arithmetic mean, geometric mean and centroidal mean is derived to solve initial value problems. Some numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

If In reality, electroencephalography signal data transfer through the Wireless Network is a frequently used device related to stability and performance problems. This study, the lossless EEG compression circuit architecture of an efficient VLSI device is suggested to increase both the capability of EEG signal transmission and reliability over WBAN. A new lossless data compression technique consisting of even a proposed neural prediction, a casting a vote solution and a quadra probability compression codec has been applied to the proposed architecture. The mid equilibrium encoder consists of a static coding table of multiple Binary and Areas such as training encoders using the comparator and multiplexer’s fundamental components. Help boost the efficiency of the proposed system; a pipelining method was applied. Produce the suggested specification, a 0.18 m CMOS technology containing 8215 gates under 100 MHz clock speed under an operating environment. To test the usefulness of the suggested compression rate technique, for 25 channels, this results in a mean value of 2.35. This work accomplished a 9.6 %increase in compression rate and a 24.1 % decrease in processing costs relative to new competition equipment lossless EEG compressed designs, although keeping a constant interface simplicity.

Copper oxide supported on nanoporous activated carbon (CuO-NPAC) is reported for the aqueous phase catalytic degradation of cyanotoxin microcystin-LR (MC-LR). The loading and spatial distribution of CuO throughout the NPAC matrix strongly influence the catalytic efficiency. CuO-NPAC synthesis was optimized with respect to the copper loading and thermal processing, and the physicochemical properties of the resulting materials were characterized by XRD, BET, TEM, SEM, EPR, TGA, XPS and FT-IR spectroscopy. EPR spin trapping and fluorescence spectroscopy showed in situ ˙OH formation via H2O2 over CuO-NPAC as the catalytically relevant oxidant. The impact of reaction conditions, notably CuO-NPAC loading, H2O2 concentration and solution pH, is discussed in relation to the reaction kinetics for MC-LR remediation.

The marine fish are extraordinarily nourishing food and are affluently accessible fish meat source. Fresh examined sample of grouper fish was collected from Mudasal odai fish landing center. The protein, carbohydrate, lipid, ash and moisture contents of Epinephelus coioides were found to be 19.07 mg, 4.03, 2.61, 77.38 mg and 1.21 mg/g respectively. The potassium and phosphorus are the predominant elements other nine components are present in considerable quantities in the total of 11 minerals. Palmitic acid, Oleic acid and Stearic acid were observed to be the major elements of total presented 15 fatty acids. In this current study we have concluded the grouper fish having rich source of protein and good fatty acids and it will facilitate to enhance the nutrition level on poor folks

Back Ground: Alcohol is one of the leading causes of death and disability globally. About two billion people worldwide consume alcoholic beverages and one-third (nearly 76.3 million) is likely to have one or more diagnosable alcohol use disorders.(1) Aim: This study was aimed to assess the level of alcohol use and to evaluate the brief interventions in the alcohol use among the adolescents. Methods: A quasi experimental design with evaluative approach method was adopted. The study was restricted to the sample size of about 48. Students aged between 18-19 yrs were selected by stratified sampling technique. The investigator used the structured questionnaire which includes the demographic variables and the AUDIT-Alcohol use disorder identification test. It is a standardized self report tool consisting of 10-alcohol screening questions developed by W.H.O. As a part of the general health awareness programme, the investigator gave a briefing on the alcoholic questionnaire and the respondents were told the procedure of filling up of the questionnaire. Results: Results revealed that 69 % of samples belong to the risky use, 29 % to low risk level, and 2 % to high risk level. No samples were fall under the category of dependence. Brief interventions are effective in reducing the risk of alcohol use among adolescents in long course of time. Privacy and the confidentiality of the information provided are strictly maintained throughout the research process. Conclusion: Adolescents have the risky level of alcoholic use and hence preventive measures should be planned and implemented for the vulnerable adolescents to prevent the alcohol abuse in future. Key words: alcohol, adolescent, alcoholic use, {"references":["1.\tGlobal status report on alcohol. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004. 2.\tResource Centre for Adolesent Pregnancy Prevention. An Overview of Adolescent Development Education, Training and Research Associates. 2003. [Last accessed on 2015 Jan 06]. Available from: http://www.etro.rg/recapp/theories/adolescent development/overview.htm . 3.\tGrant, B.F. The impact of a family history of alcoholism on the relationship between age at onset of alcohol use and DSM–IV alcohol dependence: Results of the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey. Alcohol Health & Research World 22:144–147, 1998. 4.\tMahanta, B., Mohapatra, P. K., Phukan, N., & Mahanta, J. (2016). Alcohol use among school-going adolescent boys and girls in an industrial town of Assam, India. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 58(2), 157–163. http://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.183784 5.\tThakur S, Singh H, Sachdeva A, Barwal V; Prevalence and correlates of alcohol abuse among school going adolescents in a hilly district of Himalayan region in India. J Adv Med Dent Scie Res 2017;5(9):5- 10 6.\tLarson, R., and Richards, M.H. Divergent Realities: The Emotional Lives of Mothers, Fathers, and Adolescents. New York: Basic Books, 1994. 7.\tBuchanan, C.M.; Eccles, J.S.; and Becker, J.B. Are adolescents the victims of raging hormones? Evidence for activational effects of hormones on moods and behavior at adolescence. Psychological Bulletin 111:62–107, 1992. 8.\tPohorecky, L.A. Stress and alcohol interaction: An update of human research. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 15:438–459, 1991. 9.\tWagner, B.M., and Compas, B.E. Gender, instrumentality, and expressivity: Moderators of the relation between stress and psychological symptoms during adolescence. American Journal of Community Psychology 18:383–406, 1990. 10.\tWHO: Global Status report on alcohol and health (2014),substance abuse: http://www.who.int/sub stance_ abuse/publications/global_alcohol_report/en/ 11.\thttps://www.lawfarm.in/blogs/alcohol-laws-in-india 12.\thttps://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/special-populations-co-occurring-disorders/underage-drinking 13.\tSharma Priyanka etal: A study on Adolescent Drug Abuse in India; American International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences; Available: online: https://pdfs.semanticscholar. org/604a/3d0e3cfbeb7d03fe0003cf2d3473aaf9c987.pdf"]}

Back Ground: In India use of alcohol is higher in deprived communities contributing to thirty Percent of use to the male population and five percent of use to female population .And in recent years the alcohol use of young people is increased and as their age increases their quantity and frequency of intake has also been increased. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the level of self esteem and alcohol consumption in male adolescents. Materials and Methods: A descriptive design with quantitative method was adopted. The study was restricted to the sample size of about 60 male adolescents aged between 18-20 yrs selected by purposive sampling technique. The investigator used the standardized tool of AUDIT-Alcohol use disorder identification test and Rosenberg self esteem scale. Data analysis was done using SPSS v 16.0 software. Results: Results revealed that the majority of the adolescents had positive self esteem (80 %) and only (20%) presented low self esteem. With AUDIT score, 75 % did not consume alcohol hazardously and no samples were fall under the category of high risk level and alcohol dependence. Privacy and the confidentiality of the information provided are strictly maintained throughout the research process. Conclusion: It was concluded that the adolescents presented high self esteem and low alcohol consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the protective factors for maintaining the Positive self concept and self image and implement preventive programs related to substance use among the adolescents., {"references":["1.\thttp://alcoholrehab.com/addiction-articles/addiction-and-low-self-esteem/ 2.\tTripathi BM, Lal R. Substance abuse in children and adolescents. Indian J Pediatr.1999; 66(4):569-75. 3.\tAlcohol and College Students Drinking Fact Sheet (2003), Harvard's College Alcohol Study, Journal of Adolescent Health, Alcohol screening materials, SBIRT Tool Kit., pdf. Institute for Research, Education and Training in Addictions. 4.\tUNDCP. World Drug Report. New York: Oxford University Press Inc. 1997 5.\tMiller, J.W., Naimi, T.S., Brewer, R.D., and Jones, S.E. (2007). Binge drinking and associated health risk behaviors among high school students. Pediatrics, 119, 76–85. 6.\thttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20694435"]}

Seafood is an excellent provider of protein with high biological values. Fish, shellfish and other aquatic organisms are appropriate for food and have world-wide importance. They‟re wonderful sources of high quality proteins, superior to those in red meat and poultry foods. The human dietary amendments that characterize the “nutrition transition” include every quantitative and qualitative change in the human diets. The present study Meretrix casta meat is used for the preparation of excellent recipes like cake, soup and mint stuffed tomato with yellow clam using M. casta meat, that have the potential to be become a regular food item in the house hold diet with consumer acceptance. The differences in food habits over the length and breadth of the nation are most that available food resources are not being used properly due to the lack of information regarding their importance. The panel of judges vouched safe for taste and delicacy of the dishes in the present study. The panel detected that the dishes were a lot of as good as those created out of the much sought after seafood in taste, smell and flavor

The nutritional effects of marine food have increased far and wide due to the beneficial effects of consuming marine food, fats and oils. In general, the proximate composition is well known as a proportion composition of basic elements such as protein, lipids, carbohydrate, minerals and water. The puffer fish Lagocephalus lunaris and Lagocephalus inermis were collected at Mudasal odai fish landing centre and the skin and visceral organs like gonads and intestines were removed the edible portion only took for the analysis. Species of the fish sample was oven-dried in an electric oven at between 70 – 80 °C until the samples had constant weight. The protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash and moisture content of green -rough-back puffer fish and smooth-backed blow fish were investigated. L. lunaris and L. inermis were has 9.22 %, 8.92 %, 1.96 %, 1.87 %, 11.25 %, 11.98 %, 80.32 %, 86.05 %, 0.96 %, 1.27 % respectively. Totally seven saturated fatty acids; ten Mono unsaturated fatty acids and two poly unsaturated fatty acids were found as the major components on the investigated puffer fish. Polyunsaturated fatty acid like n-3 has 31.17 %, 31.19 and n-6 7.26 %, 7.29 % of PUSFA found as the dominant composition on puffer fish. This study revealed that these species are having high saturated fatty acid and protein content and able to compete with more commercially utilize species in terms of nutritional value, and they can definitely also compete when it comes to taste. It can act as a good source of nutritional and economic value when it is carefully handled and properly cooked.

Aim and objective: To check the perception of patients among south Indian population on the All ceramic restoration as treatment for missing tooth. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study will be examined among 50 subjects coming to dental college using a self administered structured questionnaire. The data will be subjected to statical analysis. Background: This survey is to know about awareness of patients regarding All Ceramic restoration as a treatment option for replacement of missing teeth. Reason: This study is to estimate the percentage of awareness among the south Indian patient coming to dental college to replace the missing the missing tooth with All ceramic restoration.