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The two-step SILAR approach was used to create pure and Aluminium (Al) doped Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin films. The structural, optical, and morphological properties of pure ZnO thin film and ZnO thin films doped with Al (1, 3, and 5) % were investigated. All the sample’s diffraction peaks were mapped to a hexagonal Wurtzite form. For the synthesized thin films, dislocation density, crystallite size, microstrain, and lattice parameters were calculated. Pure ZnO thin films have a spherical structure, while Al-doped ZnO thin films have a hexagonal-faced rod-like shape. The bandgap of the prepared thin film reduces with the rise in Al content. The occurrence of deep level and near band edge emissions were confirmed by photoluminescence (PL) investigations. The maximal zone of inhibition was studied using the Agar diffusion process on Gram-positive and Gram-negative (i.e., S.aureus and E.coli) bacteria. Pure and Al-doped ZnO both showed significant antibacterial activity. All the samples exhibit significant antimicrobial activity.

In the agricultural sector, identifying plant diseases is crucial as they hamper the plant's robustness and health, which play a vital role in agricultural productivity. Early detection allows farmers to take proper measurements and save crops from complete failure. Biosensor applications in agricultural production and plant monitoring improve the yield through definitive recommendations and improved practices. Fluorescence-based assays, colorimetric biosensors, and surface plasmon resonance-based biosensors are the most commonly used for plant pathogen detection. Plant disease detection is a prime biosensor application for preventing seasonal and cultural defects in raising crops. The sensor data analysis ensures reliable processing for distinguishable features for identifying the disease, wherein discrete information is handled with error. This article introduces a Preemptive Classification using Discrete Data (PC-DD) technique to resolve this issue. This technique requires partial series through probabilistic data substitution to improve the analysis rate. In the analysis process, the classification is performed using random forest based on two combinations: series, difference, and probability. This probability is based on identical data observed through series probability classification in the previous iteration. The unidentical data is classified under difference that is used for individual classification. This process is progressive until the detection is performed, wherein the alterations are adaptable for different biosensor input data. Therefore, the proposed technique's performance is validated using the metrics detection accuracy, analysis ratio, analysis time, classifications, and difference factor.

Thin films of pure Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and Aluminium (Al) doped ZnO were deposited by two step SILAR technique. Pure and Al (1%, 3%, 5%) doped ZnO thin film’s structural, morphology and optical properties were analyzed. Diffraction peaks of the all the samples were indexed to hexagonal wurtizite structure. The crystallite size, lattice parameters, dislocation density and microstrain were calculated for the prepared thin films. Morphology study using FESEM shows spherical shaped structure of pure ZnO and hexagonal faced rod like structure for Al doped ZnO thin films.T he UV-Vis absorption spectrum for the thin films was also studied. There is decrease in bandgap as the Al doping ratio increases from 1–5%. Photoluminescence (PL) studies confirm that oxygen ion vacancy and interstitial Zn+ ion were present. The maximum zone of inhibition was studied against the bacteria’s the Gram-negative (E.coli) and Gram-positive (S.aureus) by Agar diffusion method. Significant antibacterial result was seen in pure and Al doped ZnO. Al doped ZnO shows more antibacterial activity over pure ZnO. All the samples give considerable antifungal activity which was done against Aspergillusniger. .

Introduction: Peripheral embolism is a major complication in patients with mitral stenosis. Several studies have suggested a relation between a decrease in left atrial appendage (LAA) function and more frequent thromboembolic events of cardiac origin. This study was conducted to assess LAA function before and after percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) using transesophageal echocardiography and to determine factors related to improvement in LAA function. Methods: Fifty consecutively admitted patients with significant mitral stenosis undergoing PTMC were included in the study. All patients underwent transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiographic examination, including the study of LAA velocities, before and 48 h after PTMC. Results: PTMC resulted in a twofold increase in the mitral valve area and no severe mitral regurgitation occurred. The mean mitral valve orifice area increased from 0.9 ± 0.3 cm2 to 1.84 ± 0.22 cm2. There was a decrease in the mean left atrial pressure from 26 ± 8.6 to 12 ± 2.8 mmHg. PTMC also resulted in a significant improvement in the LAA flow velocities, with the anterograde component of the flow increasing from 19.56 ± 9.48 cm/s to 33.10 ± 14.01 cm/s. There was also a significant resolution of the spontaneous echo contrast in the left atrium. Conclusion: There is a significant improvement in the LAA velocities following PTMC and a significant decrease in the spontaneous echo contrast, potentially leading to a lower risk of embolism.

Supplemental Material for Associations Between Psychopathic Traits and Laboratory-Based Aggression: Moderating Effects of Provocation and Distraction by Konrad Bresin, Caelan Alexander, Olivia S. Subramani, and Dominic J. Parrott, in Journal of Interpersonal Violence

Previous research has demonstrated a significant association between alcohol and aggression. However, the precise mechanisms underlying this relationship have yet to be fully elucidated. In the present study, we examined alcohol's effects on an attentional bias toward aggressogenic cues as the first step in a possible mediation model of alcohol-facilitated intimate partner aggression. More specifically, we tested an interactive effect of problematic alcohol use and acute alcohol intoxication on an attentional bias toward anger words. Participants in this study were 249 male and female heavy drinkers from the community with a history of past-year intimate partner aggression perpetration who participated in an alcohol-administration laboratory study assessing the effect of alcohol intoxication on cognitive biases. Multiple linear regression was used to test the proposed moderation model. Acute alcohol intoxication moderated the effect of problematic alcohol use on an attentional bias toward anger, with this effect being stronger for individuals in the alcohol compared to no-alcohol control condition. These findings suggest that problematic drinkers may be more likely to attend to aggressogenic stimuli while acutely intoxicated, relative to when they are sober. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

There are two distinct combinations of psychopathic traits (primary and secondary) that have been proposed to be a function of unique cognitive-affective deficits. This study sought to use theories of psychopathy to understand the factors that exacerbate (i.e., provocation) and attenuate (i.e., distraction) aggression in individuals high in psychopathic traits in a controlled laboratory task. Male undergraduates, who scored across the range of primary and secondary psychopathic traits, completed the Taylor Aggression Paradigm (TAP; Taylor, 1967 ) under conditions of low and high provocation. Participants were also randomly assigned to either a distraction condition, in which they completed a distracting concurrent task, or a control condition, in which no such task was completed. Inconsistent with our prediction, results showed that regardless of condition, primary psychopathic traits were positively related to laboratory aggression. Consistent with our hypothesis, a positive association between secondary psychopathic traits and laboratory physical aggression was observed following high provocation among nondistracted participants; this association was significantly reduced among distracted participants. These results clarify the factors that contribute to aggression for individuals high in psychopathic traits and may provide directions for future intervention development.

Decades of research has identified alcohol use as a contributing cause of intimate partner aggression (IPA) perpetration; however, there have been fewer studies that seek to identify mediators of the relation between alcohol use and IPA perpetration. Building on research showing a positive association between problematic drinking and relationship dissatisfaction and relationship dissatisfaction and IPA, we examined whether relationship dissatisfaction accounted for the relation between problematic drinking and IPA perpetration in couples using statistical modeling that accounted for the interdependence between partners. Our results showed that (a) actor problematic drinking was related to actor psychological and physical IPA perpetration and that this relation was partially explained by actor relationship dissatisfaction, (b) partner problematic drinking was related to actor physical and psychological IPA perpetration and that this relation was partially explained by actor relationship dissatisfaction, and (c) partner problematic drinking was related to actor psychological IPA perpetration and that this relation was partially explained by partner relationship dissatisfaction. Together, our results highlight that when partner interdependence is considered, relationship dissatisfaction could be a potential mechanism of the alcohol-IPA association and provide some evidence for different pathways for psychological and physical aggression. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Research has implicated biased attention allocation toward emotional cues as a proximal mechanism in the association between trait disinhibition and physical aggression. The current study tested this putative cognitive mechanism by incentivizing a shift of attention from a provoking stimulus to a neutral stimulus during a laboratory aggression paradigm. Participants were 119 undergraduate men. They completed a questionnaire that assessed trait disinhibition, were randomly assigned to a distraction or no-distraction control condition, and completed a shock-based aggression task in which they received low and high provocation from a fictitious opponent. A significant positive association between trait disinhibition and physical aggression was found among non-distracted participants exposed to high, but not low, provocation. Distraction from provoking cues significantly attenuated this association. This study is among the first to provide experimental evidence of (a) the positive relation between trait disinhibition and laboratory-based physical aggression, and (b) a potential method for attenuating this association.

The main objective of this study is to find out the service quality on student satisfaction towards the University libraries in Dindigul District. A review of literature was collected to find out the relationship among service quality and student satisfaction. A survey was conducted to collect the data from 308 students from the two Universities in Dindigul District. The result shows that except empathy, other service quality factors are positively related to student satisfaction. Tangibility and reliability shows the highest positive correlation with student satisfaction. Finding suggests that Librarian should focus on the service quality factors tested in this research to improve the student satisfaction.

In this country, the survival of Tamil language and Tamilian culture ​​depend heavily on the existence of Tamil schools. It is no exaggeration to mention that the Tamil schools are still doing the same. We must realize that in the future, Tamil schools should perform an extended role, rather than merely being just educational centers; they also have to play crucial role as center for strong Tamils' religious, artistic and cultural developments. It is imperative that these schools evolve accordingly. Otherwise, the identity of a community might be lost. It is not appropriate for us to argue that the situations facing the Tamils ​​living in the countries like Mauritius, Reunion and South Africa will not happen in this country. The article has been examining some pertinent issues we ought to challenge in the near future, in this background. ஆயவுச சுருககம இநநாடடில தமிழமொழியும தமிழபபணபாடும நிலைபபதோடு தழைததோஙக வேணடுமெனில தமிழபபளளிகள சிறநது விளஙக வேணடுவது அவசியமாகும. இபபொழுதும தமிழபபளளிகள பெருமளவில அதைததான செயது வருகினறன எனறால மிகையாகாது. எதிரகாலததில தமிழபபளளிகள வெறும கலவிமையஙகளாக மடடும விளஙகாமல வலிமைமிகக தமிழரகளின சமயம, கலை, பணபாடடு மையஙகளாகவும திகழவேணடிய கடடாயச சூழநிலை உளளதெனபதை நாம உணர வேணடும. இதறகு ஏறற வகையில இபபளளிகள பரிணமிகக வேணடுவது காலததின கடடாயமாகும. அவவாறு இலலையெனில ஒரு இனததின முகவரி தொலைநதுவிடும. மொரிசியரஸ, ரியூனியன, தெனனாபபிரிககா போனற நாடுகளில வாழும தமிழரகளைப போனற நிலை இநநாடடில ஏறபடாது எனறு இறுமாபபுடன நாம இருநது விடுவது தவறாகும. இவறறை ஆராயவதே இககடடுரையின நோககஙகளாகும.

Introduction and Aims Problematic drinking and executive functioning deficits are two known risk factors for intimate partner aggression (IPA). However, executive functioning is a multifaceted construct, and it is not clear whether deficits in specific components of executive functioning are differentially associated with IPA perpetration generally and within the context of problematic alcohol use. To address this question, the present study investigated the effects of problematic drinking and components of executive functioning on physical IPA perpetration within a dyadic framework. Design and Methods Participants were 582 heavy drinking couples (total n = 1164) with a recent history of psychological and/or physical IPA recruited from two metropolitan cities in the USA. Multilevel models were used to examine effects within an actor–partner interdependence framework. Results The highest levels of physical IPA were observed among actors who reported everyday consequences of executive functioning deficits related to emotional dysregulation whose partners were problematic drinkers. However, the association between executive functioning deficits related to emotional dysregulation and IPA was stronger towards partners who were non-problematic drinkers relative to partners who were problematic drinkers. No such effect was found for executive functioning deficits related to behavioural regulation. Discussion and Conclusions Results provide insight into how problematic drinking and specific executive functioning deficits interact dyadically in relation to physical IPA perpetration. [Parrott DJ, Swartout KM, Eckhardt CI, Subramani OS. Deconstructing the associations between executive functioning, problematic alcohol use and intimate partner aggression: A dyadic analysis. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:88–96]

OBJECTIVE: Previous research has demonstrated a significant association between trauma and intimate partner aggression (IPA) perpetration. However, the precise mechanisms underlying this relationship have yet to be fully elucidated. In the present study, we examined the impact of several key factors implicated in Ehlers and Clark’s (2000) cognitive model of trauma (i.e., trauma cognitions, anger, hostility, and rumination) on IPA perpetration. METHOD: Participants in this study were 271 male and female heavy drinkers at high risk for IPA from the community who completed measures of dysfunctional posttraumatic cognitions, dispositional rumination, trait anger and hostility, and IPA perpetration. A moderated mediational model was tested to determine how these variables interact to predict IPA perpetration. RESULTS: Results indicated that anger and hostility mediated the effect of negative cognitions about the world on IPA perpetration, with this indirect effect being stronger for individuals with higher levels of rumination. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that cognitive and affective processes that may result from trauma exposure are associated with IPA and should be targeted in prevention and intervention programs for individuals at risk for perpetration.

Background: Acute heart failure (AHF) is a common and growing medical problem associated with major morbidity and mortality. It is the leading reason for hospital admission among patients over age 65 years. Not much of data is available from India, there are a lot of differences between the western data and available Indian data. Prompt diagnosis, identification of reversible causes and supportive management in ICU is of paramount importance.Methods: This study was conducted at Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bangalore, Karnataka after the institutional ethics committee approval. Those patients who were diagnosed to have AHF, were evaluated and treated as per the institution protocols in ICU and standard medical care which includes diuretics, inotropes and vasopressors. All the patients were prospectively studied; investigated for the etiology of AHF.Results: Majority of patients presenting as Acute Heart Failure are of 60 years mean age, with 63% males. Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of Acute Heart Failure. Shortness of breath was the commonest presentation followed by crackles. Abdominal pain was the most common (28%) non cardiac symptom. There is no significant correlation between the presence of anemia and mortality. Hyponatremia had relation with mortality. 22% had HFpEF, rest had HFrEF. The mean hospital stay was 8.3 days. The study mortality was 9 % and the 30-day mortality was 13 % in our study.Conclusions: Current available data from Indian studies and registries has a lot of difference from the western data with regards to causes, response to treatment, and more such data is needed to frame regional guidelines for better understanding of presentation of heart failure ,treatment and risk factors for mortality.

Background: Noninvasive assessment of diastolic filling by Doppler echocardiography provides important information about left ventricular (LV) status in selected subsets of patients. This study was designed to assess whether the lateral mitral annular velocity as assessed by tissue Doppler imaging is associated with invasive measures of diastolic LV performance in patients with diastolic and systolic heart failure. Aim of the study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of lateral mitral annular E/E′ as an estimate of LV filling pressure with invasive LVEDP measurement in subjects with systolic or purely diastolic heart failure.Methods: Total 100 patients were studied, 50 patients with diastolic heart failure and 50 patients with systolic heart failure in patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiogram. Detailed 2D Echocardiography, Trans mitral Doppler and Tissue Doppler velocities of lateral mitral annulus was obtained. The ratio of peak mitral velocity (E) to lateral mitral annular velocity (E′) by TDI (E/E′) was calculated.Results: The ratio of E/E′ in diastolic group was 13.4±4.9 and in systolic group it was 13.7±5.2. The mean LVEDP in diastolic heart failure patients was 14.3±4.5 and 14.2±4.9 in systolic heart failure patients. The ratio of E/E′ showed a better correlation with LVEDP. E/E′ 15 identified increased LVEDP ≥15mmHg.Conclusions: E/E′ is a reliable estimate of LV filling pressures in subjects with systolic and diastolic heart failure. In subjects with diastolic heart failure, E/E′ seems helpful to identify those with truly elevated LV filling pressures. In patients with diastolic heart failure and normal E/E′, a search for other causes of symptoms (pulmonary disease, obesity and so forth) may be warranted.