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The present study is carried out to investigate the effects of shape factor nanoparticles on the oscillatory MHD flow of a nanofluid in two immiscible liquids in a horizontal porous channel with velocity and thermal slip on the walls. Thermal radiation, Joule heating, viscous and Darcy dissipations have been accounted for in the model. We have considered and as nanoparticles, in the lower region (Region-I) and upper region (Region-II) respectively, with water as a base fluid. The effective ratio of thermal conductivity of the nanofluid is evaluated using the Maxwell-Garnetts model. Graphical behavior of velocity, temperature, and rate of heat transfer distributions have been depicted for the cases of slip and no-slip effects. This study has been made to understand the impact of different nanoparticle shape factors on temperature and heat transfer rate. For various parameters, values of shear stress distribution at the walls and the mass flux are shown in tabular form. Our study asserts that with the increase of the strength of the magnetic field, the velocity of the liquid falls and enhances the temperature of the liquid. The influence of different combinations of nanoparticles, on the flow variables, have also been discussed. In order to validate the analytical results, the numerical evaluation of the closed-form results, for the velocity distribution, has been compared with those of the numerical method, by using the NDSolve command in MATHEMATICA, and a good agreement is observed.

Introduction Anxiety disorder affects nearly 9.4% of children aged 3-17 years.1 Virtual Reality (VR) provides an alternative for managing anxiety due to immersive, multisensory, and excellent distraction. Objectives The aim is to evaluate the efficacy of VR therapy in managing anxiety in children. Methods We searched PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Biosisdatabases with the keywords “Virtual Reality” in the context of “AnxietyDisorders” and included 8 relevant studies published in English until February 10, 2023, for our qualitative synthesis. Results The VR-Guided relaxation (VR-GR) effectively decreased anxiety immediately after administration. In another trial, 4 of the 9 patients completely overcame their fears, and 8 of 9 saw an improvement in target behaviors in the autism population even after six weeks after the therapy, and the effect lasted 1 year post-treatment. In another study, VR-based therapy helped reduce anxiety and behavioral scores significantly in the VR group vs. the control. In another study, they found during pediatric intravenous catheter placement, patients who received VR therapy showed significantly less anxiety and pain compared to those who did not. In another study, they found VR therapy helped reduce anxiety during the induction of pre-operative anesthesia in children undergoing elective surgery. Conclusions A study discovered benefits with statistically significant results in reducing anxiety in children immediately after VR-based therapy. To explore the full spectrum of benefits and efficacy of VR-based therapy for anxiety as a standalone or adjunct to pharmacotherapy, we recommend future trials with robust study designs. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is common in adolescents and has a high mortality and morbidity rate with a lifetime prevalence of 0.5% to 2%.1,2 We aim to review the neurobiology correlation of Anorexia Nervosa in Autism Spectrum Disorder as they are often associated together. Objectives 1. Understand the correlation between the neurobiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Anorexia Nervosa. 2. Assess the association and prevalence of Anorexia nervosa in the ASD population. 3. To focus on the implications for the pathogenesis of Anorexia Nervosa and treatment of this disorder in the ASD population. Methods We searched PubMed, APA PscyINFO, Embase, CINAHL, and Google scholar databases with the keywords Autism Spectrum Disorder AND Anorexia Nervosa and included 6 relevant human studies out of 187 published in English. Results Neilson et al. studied the outcome of ASD in teenage onset AN, and a statistically significant negative dose-response relationship is found in all the 3 Morgan-Russell Outcome Assessment Schedule (MROAS) domains in stable ASD over time, and the results on the subscales ‘mental state,’ ‘psychosexual state’ and ‘socio-economic state, “personal contacts,’ ‘social activities’ and ‘employment record.’3 The outcome of AN onset in adolescence is generally favorable regarding mortality and the persistence of eating disorders in adulthood. A study by Pruccoli et al. noted a high prevalence of ASD traits in a group of young AN patients, predominantly seen in 4 specific EDI-3 subscales and independent of BMI.4 Margari et al. found only AN diagnosis had a statistically significant difference (p = 0.04) in females vs. males when comparing sex differences for comorbidities.5 Conclusions Morphological changes in brain areas are linked to social cognition and increase the risk of eating disorders in ASD. We recommend future studies with robust study design to explore the full spectrum of pathogenesis and association of AN in ASD. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

This article presents a mathematical model for fluid and solute transport in an ultra-filtered glomerular capillary. Capillaries ‎are assumed to be converging-diverging tubes with permeable boundaries. According to Starling's hypothesis, ultrafiltration is ‎related to the variations in hydrostatic and osmotic pressures in the capillary and Bowman's space and takes place along the ‎length of the capillary. The governing equations of fluid flow for the case of axisymmetric motion of viscous incompressible ‎Newtonian fluid have been considered along with the solute transfer equation. The non-uniform geometry has been mapped ‎into a finite regular computational domain via a coordinate transformation. Correspondingly, the governing equations are ‎transformed to the computational space and solved to get the velocity and pressure values. The solute transfer equation is ‎also solved numerically using a finite difference scheme. The solutions provide the predictions of the axial distribution of ‎hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure, velocities, and concentration profiles at various points along the axis and solute ‎clearance quantities along the capillary. The current results are in good agreement with the earlier findings in limiting cases of ‎cylindrical tubes with a constant radius. It is found that there is a significant effect of osmotic pressure on the solute ‎concentration. Using a set of data, the influence of various physiological parameters on the velocity components and solute ‎concentration are presented and discussed through graphs to correlate with physiological situations. The generic structure of ‎the current model also provides an acceptable approach to exploring fluid exchange in organs apart from the glomerular ‎capillary.‎

Introduction Methylphenidate (MPH) is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and has shown unique benefits in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In addition to improving attention, hyperactivity, and repetitive movement, it also improves cognition in ASD. Our focus is to explore the understudied benefits and safety of methylphenidate use for cognition in ASD children. Objectives 1) To study the response and benefit of methylphenidate in autistic kids to improve cognition and life function. 2) To assess the safety profile and risks of using methylphenidate at different doses in children with autism as a guiding tool for prescribing physicians. Methods A literature search was conducted using relevant medical subject headings (MeSH) terms in PubMed, Medline, and PubMed Central. We identified all published articles from inception until September 30, 2022. Initial search results found 41 studies, of which 15 were excluded as they did not meet inclusion and exclusion criteria. After a thorough full-text review, we included 5 studies in our final qualitative synthesis review. Results Methylphenidate was found to have the unique benefit of increasing cognitive processing speed, thus improving everyday life function in ASD and ADHD children compared with only ADHD, with a clinical significance of p

Introduction The COVID pandemic caused an unprecedented public health crisis and adversely impacted children’s well-being. It has negatively affected children’s mental health due to social isolation, human losses, and remote learning. Our goal is to learn about the challenges and factors that these children and young adults face upon returning to school and college, which could further decline their mental health. We also need to understand parents’ concerns about this transition to a back-to-school routine. Objectives 1) To learn about the mental health challenges for children, adolescents, and young adults returning to school after the beginning of the COVID pandemic. 2) To identify the factors and challenges that parents and caregivers face during the COVID regarding the return of their children to school. Methods We conducted a literature search using relevant medical subject heading (MeSH) terms in PubMed, PubMed Central, Web of Science, and Medline databases. We identified all published relevant articles until June 4, 2021. After a thorough review of relevant published articles until October 30, 2022, we included 5 articles in our qualitative synthesis. Results A cross-sectional study in China measured depression, anxiety, and social support in back-to-school students via PHQ-9, GAD-7, and SSQ, respectively. They found a significant rise in anxiety and depression among these students. This correlation was weak at higher social support. Data collected from 15 children’s hospitals found that students want to participate actively in returning to school and the recovery process as they are concerned about their future, family, and society. Another 2021 cross-sectional study in Texas revealed that parents are concerned about their children’s health and prefer an onsite-virtual hybrid learning setup over in-person learning (Limbers C. A. et al. The Journal of school health 2021; 91(1), 3–8.). Parents in Italy favored school reopening with reduced student numbers (70.1%), social distancing within classes (45.3%), and masks as they were concerned about their children due to COVID (Pierantoni, L et al. 2021; Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992), 110(3), 942–943 ). Fewer White parents were supportive of a mask mandate for students and staff members (62.5%) than parents of ethnicities like Hispanic (79.5%, p= 0.026) and other racial/ethnic groups (66.9%, p = 0.041) (Gilbert, L. K. et al. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report 2020; 69(49), 1848–1852). Conclusions The return to school after COVID is challenging for students and parents due to the rise in anxiety and depression in children. Social support has been found to be protective of children’s mental health. Future well-designed studies should identify challenges and factors that can help safeguard children’s mental health and develop appropriate policies. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects about 9.4% (6.4 million) children in the United States. Pharmacological treatment, including stimulants, is a known therapy for ADHD. However, its possible subtherapeutic effectiveness, residual symptoms, and adverse effects have prompted us to explore the current evidence of Yoga as an add-on therapy that has shown synergistic effects in recent studies. Objectives 1) We aim to assess Yoga’s efficacy as an add-on treatment for ADHD. 2) Assess the current evidence of Yoga as an add-on therapy for ADHD. Methods We searched PubMed, PubMed Central, Medline, Web of Science, and Biosis databases with the keywords “Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity” (MeSH) and “ADHD” in the context of “Yoga” (MeSH). Identified 4 relevant studies that were published until September 30, 2022. Results A study by Jensen et al. found improvement in impulsivity, hyperactivity, and restlessness in the ADHD with medications patient group after 20 Yoga sessions. Study utilized Conners’ Parents Rating Scales and found improvement in the Yoga group on Oppositional, Global Index Emotional Lability, Global Index Total, Global Index Restless/Impulsive, and ADHD Index scale, changes associated with the number of sessions (Jensen et al. J Atten Disord 2004; 7 205-216). In another study, children with ADHD showed significant improvement after 8 weeks of 16 Yoga sessions in accuracy rate and reaction time in the Visual Pursuit Test and Determination Test (Chou et al. Peer J 2017; 5 e2883). A nine-year-old male case showed improvement in inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms on Vanderbilt Assessment Scales from parents and teachers after 6 months of Yoga practice (Gunaseelan et al. Cureus 2021; 5, e2883). Another 6-week Yoga intervention randomized trial in pre-school ADHD children showed significant improvement in hyperactivity and inattention with fewer distractibility errors of omission and faster reaction time (Cohen et al. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2018; 39 200). Conclusions The results suggest that Yoga has beneficial effects as an adjunct treatment to pharmacotherapy in ADHD for reducing hyperactivity and inattentiveness. Additionally, studies indicate its effectiveness in managing stress, anxiety, energy levels, and impulse control by staying focused with the help of breath and mind control. To explore the full spectrum of benefits and effectiveness of Yoga as an add-on therapy for ADHD patients, we recommend robust well-design future studies. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Let $K=Q(\sqrt{d})$ be a quadratic field with discriminant $d$. It is shown that $\sum\limits_{(\frac{d}{p})=+1,_{p~ prime}}\frac{1}{p}$ and $\sum\limits_{(\frac{d}{q})=-1,_{q~ prime}}\frac{1}{q}$ are both divergent. Two different approaches are given to show the divergence: one using the Dedekind Zeta function and the other by Tauberian methods. It is shown that these two divergences are equivalent. It is shown that the divergence is equivalent to $L_{d}(1)\neq 0$(de la Vall\'{e}e Poussin's Theorem).We prove that the series $\sum\limits_{(\frac{d}{p})=+1,_{p~ prime}}\frac{1}{p^{s}}$ and $\sum\limits_{(\frac{d}{q})=-1,_{q~ prime}}\frac{1}{q^{s}}$ have singularities on all the imaginary axis(analogue of Landau-Walfisz theorem)

Introduction Adolescents patients presenting with mood disorders, including disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD), often present with the comorbid disorders such as oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Objectives 1) Evaluate the association between suicide in adolescents and various mood disorders. 2) To study the impact of comorbid conditions in DMDD on suicide ideation and attempt in adolescents. Methods We used 2016-2017 National Inpatient Sample dataset to select patients with mood disorders. Rao Scott adjusted Chi-Square test used to compare the groups with SPSS v26. Results In this study, 15195 patients were in the DMDD group (Mean age:12.1,F: 38%) and 219205 in the ‘other mood disorders’ group (Mean age:14.4,F:67%). The odds of SI/SA were two times more in patients with the ‘other type of mood disorder’ (OR:2.07, 95%CI: 1.77-2.14). Patients with the primary diagnosis of DMDD sub-classified into four groups (Group 1: DMDD only (n=5160), Group 2: DMDD+ADHD (n=7240), Group 3: DMDD +ODD (n=700), and Group 4: DMDD+ADHD+ODD (n=2095). SI/SA was prevalent in 30.8%, 26.0%, 22.9% and 26.3% in Group 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively (p: 0.03). SI/SA was more prevalent in females compared to males (31.3% vs. 25.2%). An increase of 1 year in age was associated with a higher SI/SA (OR:1.05, 95%CI:1.01-1.08, 0.01). The SI/SA odds were 5% more in female patients (OR:1.27, p:0.01). Conclusions The study reveals that the risk of suicide ideation or suicide attempt is almost twice in the adolescent with mood disorders without DMDD compared to the DMDD group. Disclosure No significant relationships.

Abstract Background ATLAS evaluated the efficacy and safety of the PARP inhibitor rucaparib in patients with previously treated locally advanced/unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC). Methods Patients with UC were enrolled independent of tumor homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) status and received rucaparib 600 mg BID. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed objective response rate (RECIST v1.1) in the intent-to-treat and HRD-positive (loss of genome-wide heterozygosity ≥10%) populations. Key secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and safety. Disease control rate (DCR) was defined post-hoc as the proportion of patients with a confirmed complete or partial response (PR), or stable disease lasting ≥16 weeks. Results Of 97 enrolled patients, 20 (20.6%) were HRD-positive, 30 (30.9%) HRD-negative, and 47 (48.5%) HRD-indeterminate. Among 95 evaluable patients, there were no confirmed responses. However, reductions in the sum of target lesions were observed, including 6 (6.3%) patients with unconfirmed PR. DCR was 11.6%; median PFS was 1.8 months (95% CI, 1.6–1.9). No relationship was observed between HRD status and efficacy endpoints. Median treatment duration was 1.8 months (range, 0.1–10.1). Most frequent any-grade treatment-emergent adverse events were asthenia/fatigue (57.7%), nausea (42.3%), and anemia (36.1%). Of 64 patients with data from tumor tissue samples, 10 (15.6%) had a deleterious alteration in a DNA damage repair pathway gene, including four with a deleterious BRCA1 or BRCA2 alteration. Conclusions Rucaparib did not show significant activity in unselected patients with advanced UC regardless of HRD status. The safety profile was consistent with that observed in patients with ovarian or prostate cancer. Trial registration This trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03397394). Date of registration: 12 January 2018. This trial was registered in EudraCT (2017–004166-10).

The present note investigates the effects of chemical reaction and Soret effects on hydromagnetic laminar viscous pulsating flow in a porous channel with slip and convective boundary conditions. The governing equations are solved analytically and the expressions for velocity, temperature, concentration, Nusselt number and Sherwood number distributions are obtained. The effects of various pertinent parameters on flow variables have been discussed numerically and explained graphically. Analysis indicates that the temperature distribution decreases for a given increase in heat transfer Biot number and Prandtl number while it increases with an increase in Hartmann number. Further, the concentration distribution increases with an increase in the mass transfer Biot number, Soret number and the heat transfer Biot number, while it decreases for a given increase in the chemical reaction parameter.

In the present investigation, an analytical analysis has been carried out to study the influence of chemical reaction on MHD flow of a nanofluid in an expanding or contracting porous pipe in the presence of heat source/sink. The pipe wall expands or contracts uniformly at a time dependent rate. Similarity transformations have been invoked to reduce the governing flow equations into coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations. An analytical approach, namely the homotopy analysis method (HAM) is employed to obtain the analytical solutions of the ordinary differential equations. The convergence of the obtained series solutions is analyzed. The effects of various physical parameters such as wall expansion ratio, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter, Lewis number, chemical reaction parameter and heat source/sink parameter on flow variables have been discussed. Further, for the case of hydrodynamic viscous fluid, we find a good agreement between the HAM solutions and solutions already reported in the literature.

The influence of elasticity of flexible walls on peristaltic transport of a dusty fluid with heat and mass transfer in a horizontal channel in the presence of chemical reaction has been investigated under long wavelength approximation. Expressions have been constructed for stream function, temperature and concentration by using perturbation technique. The effects of various parameters on heat and mass transfer characteristics of the flow are discussed through graphs.

The present work investigates the effects of thermal-diffusion and diffusion-thermo on MHD flow of viscous fluid between expanding or contracting rotating porous disks with viscous dissipation. The partial differential equations governing the flow problem under consideration have been transformed by a similarity transformation into a system of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations. An analytical approach, namely the homotopy analysis method is employed in order to obtain the solutions of the ordinary differential equations. The effects of various emerging parameters on flow variables have been discussed numerically and explained graphically. Comparison of the HAM solutions with the numerical solutions is performed.

This paper attempts to provide information for policymakers and soil conservation planners in the form of district-wise soil erosion risk (SER) maps prepared for the state of Telangana, India. The SER values for each district were computed by extracting the information on grid-wise soil erosion and soil loss tolerance limit values existing on the country-scale in a GIS environment. The objectives of the study were to (i) identify the areas of the state with a high erosion risk, and (ii) identify areas with an urgent need of conservation measures. The results reveal that around 69 % of the state has a negligible risk of soil erosion above the tolerance limits, and does not call for immediate soil conservation measures. The remaining area (2.17 M ha) requires conservation planning. Four districts, viz. Adilabad, Warangal, Khammam, and Karimnagar are the most risk-prone with more than one-quarter of their total geographical areas showing net positive SER values. In order to obtain a clearer picture and categorize the districts based on their extent of vulnerability, weighted erosion risk values were computed. Adilabad, Warangal, and Khammam were identified as the worst-affected districts in terms of soil erosion, and therefore are in need of immediate attention of natural resource conservation.

The present paper deals with the influence of thermophoretic particle deposition on the MHD mixed convective heat and mass transfer flow in a vertical channel in the presence of radiative heat flux with thermal-diffusion and diffusion-thermo effects. The resulting nonlinear coupled equations are solved under appropriate boundary conditions using the homotopy analysis method. The influence of involved parameters on heat and mass transfer characteristics of the fluid flow is presented graphically. It is noted that fluid velocity is an increasing function of radiation parameter, Dufour number, Buoyancy ratio parameter and mixed convection parameter whereas the magnetic parameter, thermophoresis constant, Soret number and Schimidt number lead to suppress the velocity. The fluid temperature increases with increasing radiation parameter and Dufour number. The convergence of homotopy analysis method (HAM) solutions is discussed and a good agreement is found between the analytical and the numerical solution.

Decades of hypothesis-driven and/or first-principles research have been applied towards the discovery and explanation of the mechanisms that drive climate phenomena, such as western African Sahel summer rainfall~variability. Although connections between various climate factors have been theorized, not all of the key relationships are fully understood. We propose a data-driven approach to identify candidate players in this climate system, which can help explain underlying mechanisms and/or even suggest new relationships, to facilitate building a more comprehensive and predictive model of the modulatory relationships influencing a climate phenomenon of interest. We applied coupled heterogeneous association rule mining (CHARM), Lasso multivariate regression, and dynamic Bayesian networks to find relationships within a complex system, and explored means with which to obtain a consensus result from the application of such varied methodologies. Using this fusion of approaches, we identified relationships among climate factors that modulate Sahel rainfall. These relationships fall into two categories: well-known associations from prior climate knowledge, such as the relationship with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and putative links, such as North Atlantic Oscillation, that invite further research.

The present study investigates the effects of heat transfer on MHD laminar viscous flow in a pipe with expanding or contracting permeable wall. The pipe wall expands or contracts uniformly at a time dependent rate. The governing equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations by using a similarity transformation. An analytical approach, namely the homotopy analysis method (HAM) is applied in order to obtain the solutions of the ordinary differential equations. The effects of various emerging parameters on flow variables have been discussed numerically and explained graphically. Further, we find a good agreement between the HAM solutions and solutions already reported in the literature.

Let d be a squarefree integer and consider the subclass of primes with Legendre symbol ( d/p ) = +1. It is shown that for x large enough (x; 2x] contain a prime of this type.

Isospectral flat connexions are constructed for higher rank bundles over compact Riemann surfaces

Background: Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection with varying clinical manifestations. Understanding the longitudinal outcomes is crucial for managing and mitigating its impact on individuals and public health. Material and Methods: In this cohort study, 100 participants from the general population were assessed over a defined follow-up period to determine the prevalence, symptomatic status, outbreak frequency, quality of life impact, treatment adherence, and transmission risks. Participants underwent serological testing and completed questionnaires regarding their symptoms, antiviral therapy, and quality of life. Results: Among the 100 participants, 32 tested positive for HSV-2, resulting in a prevalence rate of 32%. Of these, 22 (70%) were symptomatic, while 10 (30%) were asymptomatic. Symptomatic individuals experienced varying outbreak frequencies, with 31% suffering from 4-6 outbreaks annually. Quality of life was significantly impacted in symptomatic individuals across social (64%), psychological (68%), physical (42%), and financial (35%) domains. In the symptomatic group, 75% were on antiviral therapy, which effectively reduced outbreak frequency and severity. Viral shedding was detected in 31% of asymptomatic individuals, while 16% of asymptomatic individuals progressed to symptomatic during follow-up. Two partner transmission cases were recorded. Conclusion: The longitudinal outcomes of HSV-2 infection highlight the varied clinical course and significant psychosocial impact, underscoring the importance of consistent monitoring, individualized management, and effective educational programs to reduce transmission risk and improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]