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1. The Effects of Email Performance-Based Feedback on Teacher Candidate Implementation of a Multiple Stimulus without Replacement Preference Assessment

Author

Emma S. Sipila-Thomas, Matthew T. Brodhead, and Ashley N. Walker

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of performance-based feedback delivered via email on teacher candidates' implementation of a multiple stimulus without replacement (MSWO) preference assessment with an adult confederate. Six participants enrolled in a special education teacher preparation program were recruited to participate. After exposure to an introductory MSWO training video, participant fidelity of MSWO administration was measured. Following baseline, performance feedback was delivered via e-mail to each participant after the completion of each research session. Results indicate that performance feedback delivered via e-mail improved fidelity of implementation for all six participants. Implications and future directions are discussed.

Published
2024
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2. An Evaluation of Fidelity of Implementation of a Manualized Social-Play Intervention

Author

Emma S. Sipila-Thomas, Matthew T. Brodhead, Joshua B. Plavnick, and Allison N. White

Abstract

In this study, we evaluated three lessons from a manualized social play skills intervention, Play20. Play20 is a focused intervention that is designed to improve early social skill development in children with autism spectrum disorder through naturalistic play. First, we evaluated the procedural fidelity of instructor implementation of Play20, and we also evaluated the effects of an added instructor self-monitoring checklist in further improving instructor behavior. Finally, we evaluated the effects of Play20 on child play outcomes. Instructor procedural fidelity increased in the presence of the Play20 lessons, and further improved in the presence of the instructor self-monitoring checklist. Child outcomes moderately improved as well. Implications and future directions are discussed.

Published
2021
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3. A Comparison of Manual Sign and Speech Generating Devices in the Natural Environment

Author

Matthew T. Brodhead, Lauren F. Brouwers, Emma S. Sipila-Thomas, and Mandy J. Rispoli

Abstract

Between 30 and 50% of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) do not develop vocal language deemed functionally acceptable to meet their daily communication needs. As a result, individuals with ASD may require intervention alternatives to vocal speech, such as augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). However, very little is known about how members of the public may respond to forms of AAC. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how two commonly used AAC formats, manual sign and a selection-based speech generating device (SGD), result in access to reinforcement in the natural environment. To do this, we approached naïve adults (i.e., individuals unfamiliar with the aims of the study) and asked questions that were likely to result in reinforcement. We measured whether or not naïve adults accurately responded to each question, and we collected additional descriptive information about their reaction to that form of AAC. This study has important implications for social validity and long-term considerations of AAC.

Published
2020
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6. The Effects of Email Performance-Based Feedback on Teacher Candidate Implementation of a Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement Preference Assessment

Author

Emma S. Sipila-Thomas, Matthew T. Brodhead, and Ashley N. Walker

Subjects
Developmental and Educational Psychology, Education
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of performance-based feedback delivered via email on teacher candidates' implementation of a multiple stimulus without replacement (MSWO) preference assessment with an adult confederate. Six participants enrolled in a special education teacher preparation program were recruited to participate. After exposure to an introductory MSWO training video, participant fidelity of MSWO administration was measured. Following baseline, performance feedback was delivered via e-mail to each participant after the completion of each research session. Results indicate that performance feedback delivered via e-mail improved fidelity of implementation for all six participants. Implications and future directions are discussed.The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10864-022-09496-z.

Published
2022

7. Spartan Caregiver Support: Program Description and Key Findings During Michigan’s Stay-At-Home Order

Author

Allison N. White, Matthew T. Brodhead, Emma S. Sipila-Thomas, David Ray G. Miranda, Holly M. Long, and Marisa H. Fisher

Subjects
Psychology (miscellaneous), Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to describe a university program, Spartan Caregiver Support, that provided free on-demand telehealth services to caregivers of people with autism during the State of Michigan’s 2020 Stay-at-Home order.Method: Participants (n=17) were caregivers of people with autism residing within the State of Michigan. Participants engaged with program members over video-conference technology, where participants received specific advice to support social and behavioral needs.Results: We found that caregivers reported a variety of social and behavioral concerns, including concerns related to problem behavior, social/play skills, school/academics, and daily living.Conclusions: This program description provides a framework for how to deliver on-demand telehealth support to caregivers of people with autism, especially during moments of crisis or emergency.

Published
2022
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8. A methodological review of preference displacement research

Author

Allison N. White, Isaac J. Melanson, Emma S. Sipila-Thomas, and Matthew T. Brodhead

Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), business.industry, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Displacement (orthopedic surgery), Structural engineering, Preference assessment, business, Psychology, Preference
Published
2020
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9. A replication of preference displacement research in children with autism spectrum disorder

Author

Emma S. Sipila-Thomas, Alexa J. Foote, Allison N. White, Matthew T. Brodhead, and Isaac J. Melanson

Subjects
050103 clinical psychology, medicine.medical_specialty, Sociology and Political Science, Autism Spectrum Disorder, 05 social sciences, Stimulus (physiology), Audiology, Preference assessment, medicine.disease, Choice Behavior, Philosophy, Leisure Activities, Autism spectrum disorder, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, medicine, Humans, Autism, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Child, Psychology, Applied Psychology
Abstract

The purpose of this paper was to replicate previous research on preference displacement with edible and leisure stimuli. In the present study, the experimenters evaluated preference displacement in 25 children with autism spectrum disorder using combined multiple stimulus without replacement preference assessments that consisted of highly preferred edible and leisure stimuli. In addition, the experimenters used a block randomization procedure to evaluate if assessment order influenced displacement outcomes. The experimenters observed patterns of complete displacement by edible stimuli for four participants and complete displacement by leisure stimuli for two participants; assessment order did not influence outcomes. The results and implications are discussed.

Published
2020
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11. Implementing early intensive behavioral intervention in community settings

Author

Emma S. Sipila, Sarah M. Avendano, M. Y. Savana Bak, Matthew T. Brodhead, Ana D. Dueñas, and Joshua B. Plavnick

Subjects
Strategic planning, Community based intervention, 030506 rehabilitation, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Medicaid, 05 social sciences, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, Nursing, Behavior Therapy, Intervention (counseling), Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Early Intervention, Educational, Autism, Community setting, Humans, Learning, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 0305 other medical science, Psychology, Child, 050104 developmental & child psychology
Abstract

Although research shows early intensive behavioral intervention is efficacious when delivered in university or private intervention centers, little is known about effectiveness or feasibility of disseminating early intensive behavioral intervention to larger communities. The Michigan State University Early Learning Institute was developed to address gaps in distribution of early intensive behavioral intervention to community settings, with an emphasis of serving children and families on Medicaid. This short report describes the Early Learning Institute’s approach and preliminary utilization data among Medicaid families. Results suggest the model has potential for dissemination within community settings and promote utilization among Medicaid children. Lay abstract Although research shows early intensive behavioral intervention can be very beneficial for children with autism spectrum disorder when delivered in university or private intervention centers, little is known about the best way to provide early intensive behavioral intervention within the broader community. The Michigan State University Early Learning Institute was developed to address challenges with providing early intensive behavioral intervention in community settings, with an emphasis on serving children and families on Medicaid. This short report describes the approach taken by the Early Learning Institute and reports data regarding enrollment and utilization among Medicaid families. Results suggest the model has potential to be used within community settings and that children on Medicaid are likely to consistently attend their treatment sessions.

Published
2020

12. Training Front-Line Employees to Conduct Visual Analysis Using a Clinical Decision-Making Model

Author

Kate B. LaLonde, Marisa H. Fisher, Katie Wolfe, M. Y. Savana Bak, Matthew T. Brodhead, Kailie J. Kipfmiller, and Emma S. Sipila

Subjects
Visual perception, 05 social sciences, Applied psychology, 050301 education, Front line, Education, Clinical decision making, Order (business), Developmental and Educational Psychology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Behavioral interventions, Psychology, 0503 education, 050104 developmental & child psychology
Abstract

Behavior analysts visually analyze graphs to interpret data in order to make data-based decisions. Though front-line employees implement behavioral interventions on a daily basis, they are not often trained to interpret these data. A clinical decision-making model may aid front-line employees in learning how to interpret graphs. A multiple-baseline-across-participants design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a clinical decision-making model on the percentage of correct responses when interpreting line graphs. All of the participants increased their percentage of correct responses after the introduction of the clinical decision-making model. Two of the eight participants required additional feedback. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Published
2019
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13. A Pilot Evaluation of a Treatment Package to Teach Social Conversation via Video-Chat

Author

M. Y. Savana Bak, Emma S. Sipila, Mandy Rispoli, So Yeon Kim, and Matthew T. Brodhead

Subjects
Adult, Male, Autism Spectrum Disorder, media_common.quotation_subject, Applied psychology, Video Recording, Pilot Projects, Interpersonal communication, Single-subject design, computer.software_genre, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Videoconferencing, Social skills, Behavior Therapy, mental disorders, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Conversation, Child, media_common, Video chat, Communication, 05 social sciences, medicine.disease, Autism spectrum disorder, Autism, Female, Psychology, computer, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Computer-Assisted Instruction
Abstract

By engaging with family members through video-chat technology, children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may access additional opportunities to develop social connections to build familial cohesion and access emotional support. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a behavioral intervention package in teaching social conversation via video-chat. Using a non-concurrent multiple-baseline across participants with an embedded alternating treatments design, three seven-year-old males with ASD were taught two variations of a social conversation. Their conversation skills generalized to unfamiliar adults, some of whom had no prior experience with children with ASD. When visual supports were removed, participants appropriately varied their social conversations. Social conversations continued to occur 2 weeks following the completion of the study. Results and implications are discussed.

Published
2019

14. Oral and Poster Papers Submitted for Presentation at the 5th Congress of the EUGMS 'Geriatric Medicine in a Time of Generational Shift September 3–6, 2008 Copenhagen, Denmark

Author

M. T. Lonergan, B. Hovmand, M. Sánchez Cuervo, M. Tange Kristensen, C. Yau, Stefano Volpato, K. Christensen, K. Guha, J. Duggan, Y. Sawayama, J. F. M. de Jonghe, R. Rosenberg, K. Goupal, N. R. Jørgensen, P. Jordá, H. Kubšová, B. Riou, M. Monami, L. Özdemir, B. R. Duus, J. M. Fernandez Ibanez, Add Neuromed Study, S. Maertens, R. Winder, N. Akdemir, Carmelinda Ruggiero, F. Cambien, D. Bonnet, G. Barban, M. Fuentes, C. Datu, B. Ni Mhaille, D. G. Seymour, Toshio Hayashi, S. Lord, I. Kjeken, E. J. Schaefer, I. Raducanu, E. Tung, A. Truyols Bonet, D. Power, N. Morel, S. Edwards, C. Vigder, K. Promsopa, C. Geny, L. Derame, A. Dukat, A. Vilches-Moraga, K. Lihavainen, Z. Yang, R. M. Pircalabu, P. Huber, C. Eddy, A. Cella, C. Napoli, A. B. L. Pedersen, A. Fedeli, I. Sleiman, P. Weber, W. Kitisomprayoonkul, E. L. Marcus, K. Given, J. Sinclair-Cohen, S. O. Mahony, S. Vinkler, M. Krogseth, S. Otaguro, C. V. U. Øresund, D. Schoevaerdts, R. Pircalabu, B. Brack, H. Sasaki, F. Retornaz, I. Ionescu, M. Dubiel, J. Florian, L. Rokkedal, N. Quinlan, G. Dell’aquila, B. Way, C. Ionescu, T. Bermejo Vicedo, P. Eikelenboom, D. O’neill, T. Koga, A. Kachhia, M. R. Padilla Clemente, G. Batist, K. Moynier Vantieghem, P. Moerland, J. M. Bjordal, A. Pilotto, M. Michelet, R. Shafiei, Mirko Petrovic, J. Sulicka, J. Wagle, T. B. Wyller, J. Hrubanová, B. Stensrød, R. Ferretti, E. Turcu, S. Opris, A. Moreira, A. Zamora Mur, F J Martín Sánchez, N. Cogan, Marcello Maggio, Y. Kreslov, D. Ni Chroinin, G. Hanson, L. Kaiser, P. A. Kocaturk, S. Trainor, P. Takahashi, D. R. Collins, L. Campos, A. Björg Jönsdóttir, M. Cappuccio, V. Massart, T. Pattison, G. Notaridis, S. L. Ktvelä, S. Ghiorghe, Ruth Piers, L. Viati, M. Hollmann, Anja Velghe, Mikko P. Björkman, A. Zwinderman, K. Damkjær, P. Marsden, G. Cuneo, N. Bartoli, P. Gómez De Abia, A. Vilches Moraga, P. Campbell, Didem Sener Dede, B. Kirby, J. Oristrell, C. O’regan, T. Sander Pedersen, A. Hickey, R. Rozzini, B. Jansen, G. Fisher, N. Vogt-Ferrier, E. Kovari, B. Gasperini, K. Kalisvaart, N. Rye Jørgensen, K. Soda, U. Muster, K. Overgaard, J. Duiez-Domingo, M. Urbano, A. Oto, M. C. Cavallini, R. J. Van Marum, F. Gozukara, M. Cabrera Orozco, M. T. Olcoz-Chiva, A. Colvez, M. Di Bari, I. Cilesi, M. Migale, W. He, C. Dwyer, S. Engels, F. Hermmann, D. Small, Adam L. Gordon, Roberto Bernabei, R. Hnidei, C. Gonzalez-Rios, L. B. Husted, B. Dallapiccola, A. Moreau, R. Baron, U. Sveen, D. Chaiwanichsiri, A. Lopez Sierra, D. Villaneau, A. Mathur, G. Vedel Sørensen, P. Hemmi, F. Lattanzio, T. Frühwald, C. Marquis, A. Forest, B. Dalla Piccola, S. Lee, E. Ogawa, F. Coindreau, C. Rada, F. Lally, M. Yamada, K. Bakker, F. Comte, L. C. P. G. M. De Groot, H. L. Jørgensen, A. T. Isk, P. Schwarz, E. Portegijs, M. Kawakami, P. Giannakopoulos, A. Escolante Melich, M. O’ Connor, M. Rafanelli, P. Abete, M. Trabucchi, G. Clpaera, J. Vierendeels, M. Ramos, A. Salpakoski, G. Ziere, M. Ai, T. Fujisawa, K. I. Sørensen, C. Berard, K. Cobbaert, R. Fellin, M. Angel Mas, Phyo K. Myint, Burcu Balam Yavuz, K. Benmedjahed, P. Lampela, S. White, L. del Bianco, E. O. Ospedali Galliera, A. Frøland, L. Kozlov, M. T. Pacitti, P. Dave, B. Oeser, K. Kanaya, M. Rachita, Jean-Pierre Michel, Nadia Sourial, D. O’ Mahony, A. A. Piette, H. O’brien, K. Eiklid, A. J. Cruz-Jentoft, C. Shou, T. Bruun Wyller, J. Geerts, J. Korevaar, A. H. Johansen, P. Nimann Kannegaard, T. Korfitsen, A. Ayub, P. Baker, C. Scarcelli, A. Juszczak, L. S. Seest, A. Blundell, S. Bandinelli, P. A. F. Jansen, A. Maraviglia, E. S. Cankurtaran, B. Orhan, J. Vanakoski, K. J. Kalisvaart, M. Sakai, J. Oh, M. Henry, I. Kiviranta, S. Sanders, T. Mariani, A. H. Ranhoff, Mehmet Cankurtaran, B. Böhmdorfer, A. Tekeira, A. Lund, A. M. J. Maclullich, J. Hayashi, M. J. Lopez-Sanchez, S. M. I. Park, S. Willicombe, B. L. Langdahl, E. Lupeanu, A. Michael, R. Dias, G. Berrut, E. Ruffolo, D. Giet, Marianne Schroll, G. Onose, S. D. Shenkin, J. Driesen, T. Katsuya, C. Moe, M. San-Martin, Koenraad Vandewoude, A. Bambi, E. Shelley, C. Lamanna, B. Mc Eniry, B. Yoo, C. Colombi, H. Ekstrom, P. Gallagher, O. Mkhailova, A. Hnidei, F. P. Cariello, I. Moy, J. M. Vega Andion, G. Balci, F. Orso, W. Schrauwen, Patrizia Mecocci, J. L. Gallais, J. Saunders, M. Koefoed, J. Petrovicova, E. Paredes-Galan, C. Gutiérrez Fernández, Simon Lovestone, N. Berg, N. Weerasuriya, S. Biswas, K. Van Puyvelde, C. Chamot, T. Rantanenv, C. Rosen, K. O’connor, J. Ryg, L. Le Saint, D. A. Jones, M. Boncinelli, S. Baldasseroni, P. Barbisoni, E. Jones, C. F. Ambien, N. Dzerovych, P. Barry, A. Falanga, M. T. Olcoz Chiva, A. Skerris, S. Samandel, Antonio Cherubini, N. Binkley, A. Landi, P. Belli, G. Ditloto, M. Mellingsaeter, K. Wieczorowska-Tobis, L. Alonso Boix, C. Fernandez, V. Strelkova, G. Carmona, S. Amici, S. Mehrabian, J. Lietava, M. Iso-Aho, M. Masotti, I. G. Ftta, J. Carbonero Malberti, I. Carriere, A. Toornvliet, N. Grygoryeva, J. Soubeyrand, M. Cavalieri, Z. Malla, K. D. Pedersen, G. Clapera, J. M. Anton, N. R. Chopra, P. Eiken, S. Kapucu, G. Ventura, E. Cirinei, O. Vazquez, M. Checa, M. Filipa Seabra Pereira, R. Sylvest Mortensen, A. Osawa, J. Cunniffe, M. White, V. Batalha, A. Chatterjee, K. Bjøro, D. Zintchouk, E. Guillemard, R. Vreeswijk, C. Quinn, B. Romboli, G. Pepe, F. Simonsen, B. Morosanu, S. S. Celik, E. Kaykov, C. Bouras, B. Schousboe, N. van der Velde, P. Mowinckel, L. Toutous Trellu, J. Frimann, N. Vergis, T. Wulff, M. Salonoja, H. Doruk, A. Gonzalez, Dominique Benoit, L. Santos, Y. Ben-Israel, B. Grandal Leiros, F. Addante, C. Twomey, C. Sieber, C. Bonomini, P. Ziccardi, D. Carratelli, T. Jørgensen, F. Kasagi, A. Cebrian, M. Frisher, M. S. Brandt, W. Hussain, J. Mora, M. Alen, Maurits Vandewoude, C. Lidy, M. Burke, M. Mørch, A. Lyager, F. Huwez, J González Del Castillo, M. Cankuran, C. Prete, S. Anniss, S. Briggs, E. Bozoglu, S. Sipila, C. Fernandez Rios, H. Nomura, N. Faucher, L. Al-Dhahi, M. Gross, M. G. Longo, C. Schiaffini, H. Petersen, S. Crane, K. Brixen, C. Yucel, A. Leiro Manso, B. Yavuz, J. Petermans, W. Nielsen, T. Jokinen, C. L. Tofteng, D. Wan-Chow-Wah, B. Fantino, I. Barat, M. J. Lopez Sanchez, A. E. Larsen, E. Farrelly, S. Rostoft Kristjansson, J. M. Vega-Andion, V. Andrei, E. Pressel, B. Ni Bhuachalla, Steven Boonen, D. Simoni, M. G. Matera, E. Santillo, R. Sival, Dirk Vogelaers, Anna Skalska, S. Van Der Mark, H. Hirai, V. M. Chisciotti, R. Scoyni, M. Kallinen, A. Lopez-Sierra, E. Paredes Galan, D. Hagedorn, J. B. Lauritzen, Sölve Elmståhl, P. Mikes, M. Cohen, T. Vahlberg, L. E. Matzen, Gerda Verschraegen, H. Blain, E. Rees, R. Melton, T. L. J. Tammela, D. Aw, R. Miralles, E. Lopilato, M. van Zutphen, S. Ghorghe, N. Nissen, M. Lopponen, A. Oestergaard, A. Sorva, F. O’sullivan, M. Vanmeerbeek, A. Sclater, V. Juliebo, M.E. Fuentes Ferrer, S. Prada, E. Bryden, I. Maeve Rea, N. Furusyo, K. Cho, H. Cronin, F. Tigoulet, V. Povoroznyuk, F. Paris, P. Clarkson, P. E. Cotter, S. Rodriguez-Justo, F. Mazzella, E. de Waele, S. Trasciatti, O. Beauchet, E. Mannucci, K. N. Raun, C. Verdejo, S. Pautex, M. M. Mørch, P. Giniès, R. Garavan, J. Nobrega, S. Kinsella, L. Skippari, Howard Bergman, J. E. B. Jensen, T. Lee, P. Godart, B. Montero Errasquin, C. Nyhuus, Reijo S. Tilvis, G. Mancioli, D. Dawe, M. D’imperio, I. Miralles, J. Serra, M. Baglioni, C. Fallon, Y. Tatsukawa, J. Forristall, J. C. Leners, G. D’onofrio, J. de Backer, K. Flekkøy, L. Kyne, V. Dubois-Ferrière, C. Ryan, M. P. Sibret, A. Nesbakken, V. Ochiana, T. Iwamoto, E. Lotti, M. Marchionni, A. Clemmensen, J. Puustinen, S. Amor Andres, L. Wileman, Anette Hylen Ranhoff, S. Gillett, F. Lauretani, M. Gullo, H. Meluzínová, M. Seidahamd, P. de Antonio, A. Sgadari, E. Jespersen, A. Morelli, Palacios Huertas, C. Fraguglia, A. S. Rigaud, H. E. Andersen, B. Wizner, D. Fedak, J. Boddaert, Shaun T. O'Keeffe, D. O. ’Neill, B. Felli, C. Morales Ballesteros, S. Mcintosh, P. Such, O. Akyol, I. S. Young, J. M. Guralnik, A. Leiro-Manso, L. P. D’ambrosio, S. Rooij, G. Gold, H. Lee, C. Sohrt, A. Egan, D. Susanne Nielsen, C. Gravina, P. Rinaldi, C. Lestrup, S. F. Syed Farooq, M. Nuotio, L. Rexach Cano, C. Maraldi, F. Mangiaasche, Z. Mikes, E. M. Damsgaard, C. Di Serio, S. Pecchioni, S. Caplan, E. Gonzalez, M. Baccini, Y. Caine, J. Gladman, J. M. Ribera, B. Lundgren, V. Sharma, M. Morocutti, Sara Ercolani, B. H. C. Stricker, C. Popescu, M. Carpena-Ruiz, M. Verny, B. Hofman, A. Ungar, Y. Kumei, E. Topikova, L. Franceschi, S. Hussain, V. Serafini, K. Shipman, F. Sioulis, T. Coughlan, S. Bhat, B. Comert, K. Engedal, B. Kream, A. Iguchi, D. F. Vitale, M. Fornal, K. Kristiansen, I. Palma-Reis, E. Sixt, C. H. Foss, R. Rizzoli, M. Bartley, B. Fure, P. Freitas, C. Fernández Alonso, R. Njemini, F. Kelleher, A. Zamora Catevilla, S. Hoeck, F. Rashidi, J.M. Ribera Casado, M. Honing, A. Rajska-Neumann, B. D. Pedersen, A. Martins, C. M. J. Van Der Linden, D. Sharpe, R. Grue, Denis O'Mahony, J. Van der Heyden, J. Cristoffersen, Marianna Noale, U. Sommeregger, V. Goffredo, A. Qvist, Y. Akkuþ, M. T. E. Puts, M. Luque, M. P. De Antonio García, T. Takagi, N. Carroll, A. Salakowski, M. Belladonna, A. Hylen Ranhoff, S. Otokozawa, C. Ekdahl, E. Delgado Silveira, Stijn Blot, H. Mcgee, U. Senin, G. C. Parisi, S. Pedersen, F. Rengo, A. Renom, E. Vestbo, Y. Akkus, G. Van Hal, S. Murphy, V. Ducasse, G. Ryzhak, M. I. Arranz Peña, W. Knol, V. Lesauskaite, F. Patacchini, S. Abe, M. Narro-Vidal, C. Lund, N. Hayashi, M. van Breemen, H. Ohnishi, M. Torrente-Carballido, B. Bogen, H. Kayihan, Z. Tuna, C. Verdejo-Bravo, B. Battacharya, F. M. Borgbjerg, Kudret Aytemir, A. C. Drenth-Van Maanen, F. Gori, O. Duems, T.J.M. van der Cammen, Servet Ariogul, P. Villarroel, M. Kat, N. Petitpierre, I. Akyar, M. Franceschi, M. Ohishi, S. Cassano, Roy L. Soiza, T. Patel, A. M. Herghelegiu, M. Clarfield, S. Ballentyne, L. Lambertucci, Cm. Pena, A. Bayer, A. Salam, E. Moriarty, C. Roux, Y. Takasugi, M. García, C. Rodriguez-Pascual, P. Mikus, Y. Akyar, M. Torrente Carballido, V. Vayda, F. Rønholt, M. Khayat, K. Ina, O. Hazer, M. Falconer, H. N. Jacobsen, R. Custureri, H. Kasem, T. Bandholm, A. Allue Bergua, M. Levi, R. Rehman, M. Monette, C. Verdejo Bravo, O. Millot, N. Caffrey, Y. Kano, C. Cherubini, J. Kolesar, S. Maeshima, J. Fox, P. Aarnio, E. Henderson, J. Monette, M. MacMahon, L. Rytter, J. Nurminen, A. Abbas, A. S. Whitehead, G. Longobardi, Zekeriya Ulger, M. Hamada, A. Sofia Duque, Luigi Ferrucci, P. Lavikainen, J. Kennedy, I. Saez, E. Hegarty, Stefania Maggi, J. Touchon, A. Chandra, A. Bhangu, M. Labib, A. Rnould, A. Bojan, S. Mukherjee, N. Ferrara, F. Raschilas, G. Popescu, C. Annweiler, D. Hevey, D. Seripa, C. Danneels, I. Crome, M. Karlsson, Y. Kamiya, C. Carvell, I. Trani, T. van der Ploeg, G. Zulian, J. Bencke, V. Curran, P. Gherasim, B. Sejtved, R. Meade, Rose Anne Kenny, V. Curiale, A. Yu-Ballard, E. Azevedo, A. Leiros, P. Gil Gregorio, J. Gonzalez Armengol, H. Rakugi, M. C. Esculier, O. Poire, R. Raz, R. Gugliotta, M. Carpena Ruiz, Tony Mets, Ivan Bautmans, T. Karasevskaya, P. Eoin Cotter, T. Masud, C. Jeandel, K. Leckie, J. P. Lopes, R. Isoaho, A. E. Evans, F. Lacoin, C. Cho, B. Vincent, M. Lazaro, R. Cecchetti, M. Carpena, A. Kavanagh, S. Juhl Pedersen, Niccolò Marchionni, C. Swine, François Herrmann, G. O. Kavas, F. J. Garcia Garcia, S. Quintela, G. I. Prada, C. Hertogh, S. Sun Kapucu, P. Granberg, S. Byrne, R. Mcdermott, R. Van Der Stichele, A. M. Mello, A. Waldir Bezerra, J. de Jonghe, L. F. Moreno Ramiez, A. de Tena Fontaneda, M. H. Saldanha, H. Kehlet, G. V. Sørensen, M. Jylhä, J. Silvestre, K. Czabanowska, L. Gowran, F. Albertí Homar, M. de Saint-Hubert, R. Huupponen, P. le Lous, T. Bertsch, P. Dieppe, R. Topor-Madry, R. Van Gara, W. Bemelmans, V. Polcarová, C. Donnellan, B. Jørgensen, G. Leandro, S. L. Kivela, C. Boubakri, Sirpa Hartikainen, K. Ferguson, Z. Barrou, E. Costanzi, H. Hilleret, L. Danbaek, A. O’hanlon, C. Hürny, O. G. Olaru, V. Seux, C. Divoy, M. Mowe, E. Holm, H. J. Heppner, J. Martin, M. Isik, B. Gryglewska, A. Lilja, E. Romero, I. Pillay, V. Kijowska, M. Therese Lonergan, A. Alfaro Acha, M. Uyanik, A. Gabelle, P. Bueso, S. Sinha, M. Corritore, T. Shingo, E. Lacey, L. Cascavilla, R. Sulkava, K. Terumalai, S. Pellerito, Gaetano Crepaldi, R. Moe-Nilssen, Francesco Cacciatore, J. Breda, J. M. Del Rey, J. Teixeira, N. B. Nielsen, E. Granot, D. Speijer, S. A. Anstey, G. Masotti, I. G. Fita, S. Krajèík, P. Brynningsen, S. Maeda, N. Vanden Noortgate, J. Wiersinga, M. Teixeira Veríssimo, J. Cooke, N. Van Den Noortgate, K. Daly, M. M. Bisschop, A. Galmés Truyols, W.A. van Gool, J. Fernandez Soria, C. Sánchez Castellano, A. M. Cervera, E. Mossello, T. Lindhardt, C. Boulanger, E. Oziol, C. Hendriksen, A. M. Pazienza, L. Farner, P. Bastiani, F. Horgan, A. Deniz, P. Ammann, H. Takeoka, J. Lauritsen, L. Sandvik, S. S. Kapucu, I. Nakagawa, A. Jung, L. Brewer, Anne-Marie Schott, S. Zanieri, A. Teixeira, G. Parisi, P. Lund Nielsen, J. Holckova, P. Alcalde, B. Whelan, K. Toyoda, B. Dieudonne, G. Guerra, Meltem Halil, E. Garcia-Villar, R. Paz Maya, C. E. Mogensen, M. O’connor, A. Bonnerup Vind, L. Vich Martorell, F. Tarantini, Katarzyna Szczerbińska, I. Ozerov, R. Turk, M. Kamigaki, E. Mirewska, H. Bayes, S. Arino, P. Lyngholm-Kxærby, B.C. van Munster, F. Konishi, A. Morrione, C. Pena, P. Harbig, D. Gradinaru, F. Kee, B. Knold, L. Aiello, T. de Man, Renaat Peleman, Taina Rantanen, P. Birschel, P. Crome, R. Meyling, V. Khavinson, D. H. Kim, T. Luukkaala, Q. Garcia, K. Elkholy, D. Gillain, M. L. Seux, S. Greffard, P. Kjear, S. Sihvonen, Patricia M. Kearney, Tomasz Grodzicki, F. Favier, Dominique Vandijck, E. Palummeri, F. Caldi, Y. Parel, E. Jorge, L. O’connor, S. Dahlin Ivanoff, L. Tiret, K. Adie, G. Lucchetti, M. Lauridsen, A. C. Berggren, M. Simon, D. Adane, P. O. Lang, and V. Niro

Subjects
Gerontology, Geriatrics, 0303 health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, Nutrition and Dietetics, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, Geriatrics gerontology, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Alternative medicine, Medicine (miscellaneous), 03 medical and health sciences, Presentation, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Geriatrics and Gerontology, business, Quality of Life Research, media_common
Published
2008
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15. Overview of ASDEX upgrade results in view of ITER and DEMO

Author

H. Zohm, E. Alessi, C. Angioni, N. Arden, V. Artigues, M. Astrain, O. Asunta, M. Balden, V. Bandaru, A. Banon Navarro, M. Bauer, A. Bergmann, M. Bergmann, J. Bernardo, M. Bernert, A. Biancalani, R. Bielajew, R. Bilato, G. Birkenmeier, T. Blanken, V. Bobkov, A. Bock, L. Bock, T. Body, T. Bolzonella, N. Bonanomi, A. Bortolon, B. Böswirth, C. Bottereau, A. Bottino, H. van den Brand, M. Brenzke, S. Brezinsek, D. Brida, F. Brochard, J. Buchanan, A. Buhler, A. Burckhart, Y. Camenen, B. Cannas, P. Cano Megías, D. Carlton, M. Carr, P. Carvalho, C. Castaldo, A. Castillo Castillo, A. Cathey, M. Cavedon, C. Cazzaniga, C. Challis, A. Chankin, A. Chomiczewska, C. Cianfarani, F. Clairet, S. Coda, R. Coelho, J.W. Coenen, L. Colas, G. Conway, S. Costea, D. Coster, T. Cote, A.J. Creely, G. Croci, D.J. Cruz Zabala, G. Cseh, I. Cziegler, O. D’Arcangelo, A. Dal Molin, P. David, C. Day, M. de Baar, P. de Marné, R. Delogu, P. Denner, A. Di Siena, M. Dibon, J.J. Dominguez-Palacios Durán, D. Dunai, M. Dreval, M. Dunne, B.P. Duval, R. Dux, T. Eich, S. Elgeti, A. Encheva, B. Esposito, E. Fable, M. Faitsch, D. Fajardo Jimenez, U. Fantz, M. Farnik, H. Faugel, F. Felici, O. Ficker, A. Figueredo, R. Fischer, O. Ford, L. Frassinetti, M. Fröschle, G. Fuchert, J.C. Fuchs, H. Fünfgelder, S. Futatani, K. Galazka, J. Galdon-Quiroga, D. Gallart Escolà, A. Gallo, Y. Gao, S. Garavaglia, M. Garcia Muñoz, B. Geiger, L. Giannone, S. Gibson, L. Gil, E. Giovannozzi, I. Girka, O. Girka, T. Gleiter, S. Glöggler, M. Gobbin, J.C. Gonzalez, J. Gonzalez Martin, T. Goodman, G. Gorini, T. Görler, D. Gradic, G. Granucci, A. Gräter, G. Grenfell, H. Greuner, M. Griener, M. Groth, O. Grover, A. Gude, L. Guimarais, S. Günter, D. Hachmeister, A.H. Hakola, C. Ham, T. Happel, N. den Harder, G. Harrer, J. Harrison, V. Hauer, T. Hayward-Schneider, B. Heinemann, P. Heinrich, T. Hellsten, S. Henderson, P. Hennequin, M. Herschel, S. Heuraux, A. Herrmann, E. Heyn, F. Hitzler, J. Hobirk, K. Höfler, S. Hörmann, J.H. Holm, M. Hölzl, C. Hopf, L. Horvath, T. Höschen, A. Houben, A. Hubbard, A. Huber, K. Hunger, V. Igochine, M. Iliasova, J. Illerhaus, K. Insulander Björk, C. Ionita-Schrittwieser, I. Ivanova-Stanik, S. Jachmich, W. Jacob, N. Jaksic, A. Jansen van Vuuren, F. Jaulmes, F. Jenko, T. Jensen, E. Joffrin, A. Kallenbach, J. Kalis, A. Kappatou, J. Karhunen, C.-P. Käsemann, S. Kasilov, Y. Kazakov, A. Kendl, W. Kernbichler, E. Khilkevitch, M. Kircher, A. Kirk, S. Kjer Hansen, V. Klevarova, F. Klossek, G. Kocsis, M. Koleva, M. Komm, M. Kong, A. Krämer-Flecken, M. Krause, I. Krebs, A. Kreuzeder, K. Krieger, O. Kudlacek, D. Kulla, T. Kurki-Suonio, B. Kurzan, B. Labit, K. Lackner, F. Laggner, A. Lahtinen, P. Lainer, P.T. Lang, P. Lauber, M. Lehnen, L. Leppin, E. Lerche, N. Leuthold, L. Li, J. Likonen, O. Linder, H. Lindl, B. Lipschultz, Y. Liu, Z. Lu, T. Luda Di Cortemiglia, N.C. Luhmann, T. Lunt, A. Lyssoivan, T. Maceina, J. Madsen, A. Magnanimo, H. Maier, J. Mailloux, R. Maingi, O. Maj, E. Maljaars, V. Maquet, A. Mancini, A. Manhard, P. Mantica, M. Mantsinen, P. Manz, M. Maraschek, C. Marchetto, M. Markl, L. Marrelli, P. Martin, F. Matos, M. Mayer, P.J. McCarthy, R. McDermott, G. Meng, R. Merkel, A. Merle, H. Meyer, M. Michelini, D. Milanesio, V. Mitterauer, P. Molina Cabrera, M. Muraca, F. Nabais, V. Naulin, R. Nazikian, R.D. Nem, R. Neu, A.H. Nielsen, S.K. Nielsen, T. Nishizawa, M. Nocente, I. Novikau, S. Nowak, R. Ochoukov, J. Olsen, P. Oyola, O. Pan, G. Papp, A. Pau, G. Pautasso, C. Paz-Soldan, M. Peglau, E. Peluso, P. Petersson, C. Piron, U. Plank, B. Plaum, B. Plöckl, V. Plyusnin, G. Pokol, E. Poli, A. Popa, L. Porte, J. Puchmayr, T. Pütterich, L. Radovanovic, M. Ramisch, J. Rasmussen, G. Ratta, S. Ratynskaia, G. Raupp, A. Redl, D. Réfy, M. Reich, F. Reimold, D. Reiser, M. Reisner, D. Reiter, B. Rettino, T. Ribeiro, D. Ricci, R. Riedl, J. Riesch, J.F. Rivero Rodriguez, G. Rocchi, P. Rodriguez-Fernandez, V. Rohde, G. Ronchi, M. Rott, M. Rubel, D.A. Ryan, F. Ryter, S. Saarelma, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, O. Samoylov, L. Sanchis Sanchez, J. Santos, O. Sauter, G. Schall, A. Schlüter, J. Scholte, K. Schmid, O. Schmitz, P.A. Schneider, R. Schrittwieser, M. Schubert, C. Schuster, N. Schwarz, T. Schwarz-Selinger, J. Schweinzer, F. Sciortino, O. Seibold-Benjak, A. Shabbir, A. Shalpegin, S. Sharapov, U. Sheikh, A. Shevelev, G. Sias, M. Siccinio, B. Sieglin, A. Sigalov, A. Silva, C. Silva, D. Silvagni, J. Simpson, S. Sipilä, A. Snicker, E. Solano, C. Sommariva, C. Sozzi, M. Spacek, G. Spizzo, M. Spolaore, A. Stegmeir, M. Stejner, D. Stieglitz, J. Stober, U. Stroth, E. Strumberger, G. Suarez Lopez, W. Suttrop, T. Szepesi, B. Tál, T. Tala, W. Tang, G. Tardini, M. Tardocchi, D. Terranova, M. Teschke, E. Thorén, W. Tierens, D. Told, W. Treutterer, G. Trevisan, M. Tripský, P. Ulbl, G. Urbanczyk, M. Usoltseva, M. Valisa, M. Valovic, S. van Mulders, M. van Zeeland, F. Vannini, B. Vanovac, P. Varela, S. Varoutis, T. Verdier, G. Verdoolaege, N. Vianello, J. Vicente, T. Vierle, E. Viezzer, I. Voitsekhovitch, U. von Toussaint, D. Wagner, X. Wang, M. Weiland, D. Wendler, A.E. White, M. Willensdorfer, B. Wiringer, M. Wischmeier, R. Wolf, E. Wolfrum, Q. Yang, C. Yoo, Q. Yu, R. Zagórski, I. Zammuto, T. Zehetbauer, W. Zhang, W. Zholobenko, A. Zibrov, M. Zilker, C.F.B. Zimmermann, A. Zito, S. Zoletnik, the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team, and the ASDEX Upgrade Team

Subjects
tokamak, MHD stability, transport modelling, radiative exhaust, disruption physics, ELM free scenarios, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Experiments on ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) in 2021 and 2022 have addressed a number of critical issues for ITER and EU DEMO. A major objective of the AUG programme is to shed light on the underlying physics of confinement, stability, and plasma exhaust in order to allow reliable extrapolation of results obtained on present day machines to these reactor-grade devices. Concerning pedestal physics, the mitigation of edge localised modes (ELMs) using resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) was found to be consistent with a reduction of the linear peeling-ballooning stability threshold due to the helical deformation of the plasma. Conversely, ELM suppression by RMPs is ascribed to an increased pedestal transport that keeps the plasma away from this boundary. Candidates for this increased transport are locally enhanced turbulence and a locked magnetic island in the pedestal. The enhanced D-alpha (EDA) and quasi-continuous exhaust (QCE) regimes have been established as promising ELM-free scenarios. Here, the pressure gradient at the foot of the H-mode pedestal is reduced by a quasi-coherent mode, consistent with violation of the high-n ballooning mode stability limit there. This is suggestive that the EDA and QCE regimes have a common underlying physics origin. In the area of transport physics, full radius models for both L- and H-modes have been developed. These models predict energy confinement in AUG better than the commonly used global scaling laws, representing a large step towards the goal of predictive capability. A new momentum transport analysis framework has been developed that provides access to the intrinsic torque in the plasma core. In the field of exhaust, the X-Point Radiator (XPR), a cold and dense plasma region on closed flux surfaces close to the X-point, was described by an analytical model that provides an understanding of its formation as well as its stability, i.e., the conditions under which it transitions into a deleterious MARFE with the potential to result in a disruptive termination. With the XPR close to the divertor target, a new detached divertor concept, the compact radiative divertor, was developed. Here, the exhaust power is radiated before reaching the target, allowing close proximity of the X-point to the target. No limitations by the shallow field line angle due to the large flux expansion were observed, and sufficient compression of neutral density was demonstrated. With respect to the pumping of non-recycling impurities, the divertor enrichment was found to mainly depend on the ionisation energy of the impurity under consideration. In the area of MHD physics, analysis of the hot plasma core motion in sawtooth crashes showed good agreement with nonlinear 2-fluid simulations. This indicates that the fast reconnection observed in these events is adequately described including the pressure gradient and the electron inertia in the parallel Ohm’s law. Concerning disruption physics, a shattered pellet injection system was installed in collaboration with the ITER International Organisation. Thanks to the ability to vary the shard size distribution independently of the injection velocity, as well as its impurity admixture, it was possible to tailor the current quench rate, which is an important requirement for future large devices such as ITER. Progress was also made modelling the force reduction of VDEs induced by massive gas injection on AUG. The H-mode density limit was characterised in terms of safe operational space with a newly developed active feedback control method that allowed the stability boundary to be probed several times within a single discharge without inducing a disruptive termination. Regarding integrated operation scenarios, the role of density peaking in the confinement of the ITER baseline scenario (high plasma current) was clarified. The usual energy confinement scaling ITER98( p,y ) does not capture this effect, but the more recent H20 scaling does, highlighting again the importance of developing adequate physics based models. Advanced tokamak scenarios, aiming at large non-inductive current fraction due to non-standard profiles of the safety factor in combination with high normalised plasma pressure were studied with a focus on their access conditions. A method to guide the approach of the targeted safety factor profiles was developed, and the conditions for achieving good confinement were clarified. Based on this, two types of advanced scenarios (‘hybrid’ and ‘elevated’ q -profile) were established on AUG and characterised concerning their plasma performance.

Published
2024
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16. Overview of the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation programme in support of ITER and DEMO

Author

E. Joffrin, M. Wischmeier, M. Baruzzo, A. Hakola, A. Kappatou, D. Keeling, B. Labit, E. Tsitrone, N. Vianello, the ASDEX Upgrade Team, JET Contributors, the MAST-U Team, the TCV Team, the WEST Team, the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team:, D. Abate, J. Adamek, M. Agostini, C. Albert, F.C.P. Albert Devasagayam, S. Aleiferis, E. Alessi, J. Alhage, S. Allan, J. Allcock, M. Alonzo, G. Anastasiou, E. Andersson Sunden, C. Angioni, Y. Anquetin, L. Appel, G.M. Apruzzese, M. Ariola, C. Arnas, J.F. Artaud, W. Arter, O. Asztalos, L. Aucone, M.H. Aumeunier, F. Auriemma, J. Ayllon, E. Aymerich, A. Baciero, F. Bagnato, L. Bähner, F. Bairaktaris, P. Balázs, L. Balbinot, I. Balboa, M. Balden, A. Balestri, M. Baquero Ruiz, T. Barberis, C. Barcellona, O. Bardsley, S. Benkadda, T. Bensadon, E. Bernard, M. Bernert, H. Betar, R. Bianchetti Morales, J. Bielecki, R. Bilato, P. Bilkova, W. Bin, G. Birkenmeier, R. Bisson, P. Blanchard, A. Bleasdale, V. Bobkov, A. Boboc, A. Bock, K. Bogar, P. Bohm, T. Bolzonella, F. Bombarda, N. Bonanomi, L. Boncagni, D. Bonfiglio, R. Bonifetto, M. Bonotto, D. Borodin, I. Borodkina, T.O.S.J. Bosman, C. Bourdelle, C. Bowman, S. Brezinsek, D. Brida, F. Brochard, R. Brunet, D. Brunetti, V. Bruno, R. Buchholz, J. Buermans, H. Bufferand, P. Buratti, A. Burckhart, J. Cai, R. Calado, J. Caloud, S. Cancelli, F. Cani, B. Cannas, M. Cappelli, S. Carcangiu, A. Cardinali, S. Carli, D. Carnevale, M. Carole, M. Carpita, D. Carralero, F. Caruggi, I.S. Carvalho, I. Casiraghi, A. Casolari, F.J. Casson, C. Castaldo, A. Cathey, F. Causa, J. Cavalier, M. Cavedon, J. Cazabonne, M. Cecconello, L. Ceelen, A. Celora, J. Cerovsky, C.D. Challis, R. Chandra, A. Chankin, B. Chapman, H. Chen, M. Chernyshova, A.G. Chiariello, P. Chmielewski, A. Chomiczewska, C. Cianfarani, G. Ciraolo, J. Citrin, F. Clairet, S. Coda, R. Coelho, J.W. Coenen, I.H. Coffey, C. Colandrea, L. Colas, S. Conroy, C. Contre, N.J. Conway, L. Cordaro, Y. Corre, D. Costa, S. Costea, D. Coster, X. Courtois, C. Cowley, T. Craciunescu, G. Croci, A.M. Croitoru, K. Crombe, D.J. Cruz Zabala, G. Cseh, T. Czarski, A. Da Ros, A. Dal Molin, M. Dalla Rosa, Y. Damizia, O. D’Arcangelo, P. David, M. De Angeli, E. De la Cal, E. De La Luna, G. De Tommasi, J. Decker, R. Dejarnac, D. Del Sarto, G. Derks, C. Desgranges, P. Devynck, S. Di Genova, L.E. di Grazia, A. Di Siena, M. Dicorato, M. Diez, M. Dimitrova, T. Dittmar, L. Dittrich, J.J. Domínguez Palacios Durán, P. Donnel, D. Douai, S. Dowson, S. Doyle, M. Dreval, P. Drews, L. Dubus, R. Dumont, D. Dunai, M. Dunne, A. Durif, F. Durodie, G. Durr Legoupil Nicoud, B. Duval, R. Dux, T. Eich, A. Ekedahl, S. Elmore, G. Ericsson, J. Eriksson, B. Eriksson, F. Eriksson, S. Ertmer, A. Escarguel, B. Esposito, T. Estrada, E. Fable, M. Faitsch, N. Fakhrayi Mofrad, A. Fanni, T. Farley, M. Farník, N. Fedorczak, F. Felici, X. Feng, J. Ferreira, D. Ferreira, N. Ferron, O. Fevrier, O. Ficker, A.R. Field, A. Figueiredo, N. Fil, D. Fiorucci, M. Firdaouss, R. Fischer, M. Fitzgerald, M. Flebbe, M. Fontana, J. Fontdecaba Climent, A. Frank, E. Fransson, L. Frassinetti, D. Frigione, S. Futatani, R. Futtersack, S. Gabriellini, D. Gadariya, D. Galassi, K. Galazka, J. Galdon, S. Galeani, D. Gallart, A. Gallo, C. Galperti, M. Gambrioli, S. Garavaglia, J. Garcia, M. Garcia Munoz, J. Gardarein, L. Garzotti, J. Gaspar, R. Gatto, P. Gaudio, M. Gelfusa, J. Gerardin, S.N. Gerasimov, R. Gerru Miguelanez, G. Gervasini, Z. Ghani, F.M. Ghezzi, G. Ghillardi, L. Giannone, S. Gibson, L. Gil, A. Gillgren, E. Giovannozzi, C. Giroud, G. Giruzzi, T. Gleiter, M. Gobbin, V. Goloborodko, A. González Ganzábal, T. Goodman, V. Gopakumar, G. Gorini, T. Görler, S. Gorno, G. Granucci, D. Greenhouse, G. Grenfell, M. Griener, W. Gromelski, M. Groth, O. Grover, M. Gruca, A. Gude, C. Guillemaut, R. Guirlet, J. Gunn, T. Gyergyek, L. Hagg, J. Hall, C.J. Ham, M. Hamed, T. Happel, G. Harrer, J. Harrison, D. Harting, N.C. Hawkes, P. Heinrich, S. Henderson, P. Hennequin, R. Henriques, S. Heuraux, J. Hidalgo Salaverri, J. Hillairet, J.C. Hillesheim, A. Hjalmarsson, A. Ho, J. Hobirk, E. Hodille, M. Hölzl, M. Hoppe, J. Horacek, N. Horsten, L. Horvath, M. Houry, K. Hromasova, J. Huang, Z. Huang, A. Huber, E. Huett, P. Huynh, A. Iantchenko, M. Imrisek, P. Innocente, C. Ionita Schrittwieser, H. Isliker, P. Ivanova, I. Ivanova Stanik, M. Jablczynska, S. Jachmich, A.S. Jacobsen, P. Jacquet, A. Jansen van Vuuren, A. Jardin, H. Järleblad, A. Järvinen, F. Jaulmes, T. Jensen, I. Jepu, S. Jessica, T. Johnson, A. Juven, J. Kalis, J. Karhunen, R. Karimov, A.N. Karpushov, S. Kasilov, Y. Kazakov, P.V. Kazantzidis, W. Kernbichler, HT. Kim, D.B. King, V.G. Kiptily, A. Kirjasuo, K.K. Kirov, A. Kirschner, A. Kit, T. Kiviniemi, F. Kjær, E. Klinkby, A. Knieps, U. Knoche, M. Kochan, F. Köchl, G. Kocsis, J.T.W. Koenders, L. Kogan, Y. Kolesnichenko, Y. Kominis, M. Komm, M. Kong, B. Kool, S.B. Korsholm, D. Kos, M. Koubiti, J. Kovacic, Y. Kovtun, E. Kowalska Strzeciwilk, K. Koziol, M. Kozulia, A. Krämer Flecken, A. Kreter, K. Krieger, U. Kruezi, O. Krutkin, O. Kudlacek, U. Kumar, H. Kumpulainen, M.H. Kushoro, R. Kwiatkowski, M. La Matina, M. Lacquaniti, L. Laguardia, P. Lainer, P. Lang, M. Larsen, E. Laszynska, K.D. Lawson, A. Lazaros, E. Lazzaro, M.Y.K. Lee, S. Leerink, M. Lehnen, M. Lennholm, E. Lerche, Y. Liang, A. Lier, J. Likonen, O. Linder, B. Lipschultz, A. Listopad, X. Litaudon, E. Litherland Smith, D. Liuzza, T. Loarer, P.J. Lomas, J. Lombardo, N. Lonigro, R. Lorenzini, C. Lowry, T. Luda di Cortemiglia, A. Ludvig Osipov, T. Lunt, V. Lutsenko, E. Macusova, R. Mäenpää, P. Maget, C.F. Maggi, J. Mailloux, S. Makarov, K. Malinowski, P. Manas, A. Mancini, D. Mancini, P. Mantica, M. Mantsinen, J. Manyer, M. Maraschek, G. Marceca, G. Marcer, C. Marchetto, S. Marchioni, A. Mariani, M. Marin, M. Markl, T. Markovic, D. Marocco, S. Marsden, L. Martellucci, P. Martin, C. Martin, F. Martinelli, L. Martinelli, J.R. Martin Solis, R. Martone, M. Maslov, R. Masocco, M. Mattei, G.F. Matthews, D. Matveev, E. Matveeva, M.L. Mayoral, D. Mazon, S. Mazzi, C. Mazzotta, G. McArdle, R. McDermott, K. McKay, A.G. Meigs, C. Meineri, A. Mele, V. Menkovski, S. Menmuir, A. Merle, H. Meyer, K. Mikszuta Michalik, D. Milanesio, F. Militello, A. Milocco, I.G. Miron, J. Mitchell, R. Mitteau, V. Mitterauer, J. Mlynar, V. Moiseenko, P. Molna, F. Mombelli, C. Monti, A. Montisci, J. Morales, P. Moreau, J.M. Moret, A. Moro, D. Moulton, P. Mulholland, M. Muraglia, A. Murari, A. Muraro, P. Muscente, D. Mykytchuk, F. Nabais, Y. Nakeva, F. Napoli, E. Nardon, M.F. Nave, R.D. Nem, A. Nielsen, S.K. Nielsen, M. Nocente, R. Nouailletas, S. Nowak, H. Nyström, R. Ochoukov, N. Offeddu, S. Olasz, C. Olde, F. Oliva, D. Oliveira, H.J.C. Oliver, P. Ollus, J. Ongena, F.P. Orsitto, N. Osborne, R. Otin, P. Oyola Dominguez, D.I. Palade, S. Palomba, O. Pan, N. Panadero, E. Panontin, A. Papadopoulos, P. Papagiannis, G. Papp, V.V. Parail, C. Pardanaud, J. Parisi, A. Parrott, K. Paschalidis, M. Passoni, F. Pastore, A. Patel, B. Patel, A. Pau, G. Pautasso, R. Pavlichenko, E. Pawelec, B. Pegourie, G. Pelka, E. Peluso, A. Perek, E. Perelli Cippo, C. Perez Von Thun, P. Petersson, G. Petravich, Y. Peysson, V. Piergotti, L. Pigatto, C. Piron, L. Piron, A. Pironti, F. Pisano, U. Plank, B. Ploeckl, V. Plyusnin, A. Podolnik, Y. Poels, G. Pokol, J. Poley, G. Por, M. Poradzinski, F. Porcelli, L. Porte, C. Possieri, A. Poulsen, I. Predebon, G. Pucella, M. Pueschel, P. Puglia, O. Putignano, T. Pütterich, V. Quadri, A. Quercia, M. Rabinski, L. Radovanovic, R. Ragona, H. Raj, M. Rasinski, J. Rasmussen, G. Ratta, S. Ratynskaia, R. Rayaprolu, M. Rebai, A. Redl, D. Rees, D. Refy, M. Reich, H. Reimerdes, B.C.G. Reman, O. Renders, C. Reux, D. Ricci, M. Richou, S. Rienacker, D. Rigamonti, F. Rigollet, F.G. Rimini, D. Ripamonti, N. Rispoli, N. Rivals, J.F. Rivero Rodriguez, C. Roach, G. Rocchi, S. Rode, P. Rodrigues, J. Romazanov, C.F. Romero Madrid, J. Rosato, R. Rossi, G. Rubino, J. Rueda Rueda, J. Ruiz Ruiz, P. Ryan, D. Ryan, S. Saarelma, R. Sabot, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, L. Sanchis, A. Sand, J. Santos, K. Särkimäki, M. Sassano, O. Sauter, G. Schettini, S. Schmuck, P. Schneider, N. Schoonheere, R. Schramm, R. Schrittwieser, C. Schuster, N. Schwarz, F. Sciortino, M. Scotto D’Abusco, S. Scully, A. Selce, L. Senni, M. Senstius, G. Sergienko, S.E. Sharapov, R. Sharma, A. Shaw, U. Sheikh, G. Sias, B. Sieglin, S.A. Silburn, C. Silva, A. Silva, D. Silvagni, B. Simmendefeldt Schmidt, L. Simons, J. Simpson, L. Singh, S. Sipilä, Y. Siusko, S. Smith, A. Snicker, E.R. Solano, V. Solokha, M. Sos, C. Sozzi, F. Spineanu, G. Spizzo, M. Spolaore, L. Spolladore, C. Srinivasan, A. Stagni, Z. Stancar, G. Stankunas, J. Stober, P. Strand, C.I. Stuart, F. Subba, G.Y. Sun, H.J. Sun, W. Suttrop, J. Svoboda, T. Szepesi, G. Szepesi, B. Tal, T. Tala, P. Tamain, G. Tardini, M. Tardocchi, D. Taylor, G. Telesca, A. Tenaglia, A. Terra, D. Terranova, D. Testa, C. Theiler, E. Tholerus, B. Thomas, E. Thoren, A. Thornton, A. Thrysoe, Q. TICHIT, W. Tierens, A. Titarenko, P. Tolias, E. Tomasina, M. Tomes, E. Tonello, A. Tookey, M. Toscano Jiménez, C. Tsironis, C. Tsui, A. Tykhyy, M. Ugoletti, M. Usoltseva, D.F. Valcarcel, A. Valentini, M. Valisa, M. Vallar, M. Valovic, SI. Valvis, M. van Berkel, D. Van Eester, S. Van Mulders, M. van Rossem, R. Vann, B. Vanovac, J. Varela Rodriguez, J. Varje, S. Vartanian, M. Vecsei, L. Velarde Gallardo, M. Veranda, T. Verdier, G. Verdoolaege, K. Verhaegh, L. Vermare, G. Verona Rinati, J. Vicente, E. Viezzer, L. Vignitchouk, F. Villone, B. Vincent, P. Vincenzi, M.O. Vlad, G. Vogel, I. Voitsekhovitch, I. Voldiner, P. Vondracek, N.M.T. VU, T. Vuoriheimo, C. Wade, E. Wang, T. Wauters, M. Weiland, H. Weisen, N. Wendler, D. Weston, A. Widdowson, S. Wiesen, M. Wiesenberger, T. Wijkamp, M. Willensdorfer, T. Wilson, A. Wojenski, C. Wuethrich, I. Wyss, L. Xiang, S. Xu, D. Yadykin, Y. Yakovenko, H. Yang, V. Yanovskiy, R. Yi, B. Zaar, G. Zadvitskiy, L. Zakharov, P. Zanca, D. Zarzoso, Y. Zayachuk, J. Zebrowski, M. Zerbini, P. Zestanakis, C. F. B. Zimmermann, M. Zlobinski, A. Zohar, V.K. Zotta, X. Zou, M. Zuin, M. Zurita, and I. Zychor

Subjects
JET, ASDEX Upgrade, MAST-U, TCV, WEST, Tokamak Exploitation Task Force, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Within the 9th European Framework programme, since 2021 EUROfusion is operating five tokamaks under the auspices of a single Task Force called ‘Tokamak Exploitation’. The goal is to benefit from the complementary capabilities of each machine in a coordinated way and help in developing a scientific output scalable to future largre machines. The programme of this Task Force ensures that ASDEX Upgrade, MAST-U, TCV, WEST and JET (since 2022) work together to achieve the objectives of Missions 1 and 2 of the EUROfusion Roadmap: i) demonstrate plasma scenarios that increase the success margin of ITER and satisfy the requirements of DEMO and, ii) demonstrate an integrated approach that can handle the large power leaving ITER and DEMO plasmas. The Tokamak Exploitation task force has therefore organized experiments on these two missions with the goal to strengthen the physics and operational basis for the ITER baseline scenario and for exploiting the recent plasma exhaust enhancements in all four devices (PEX: Plasma EXhaust) for exploring the solution for handling heat and particle exhaust in ITER and develop the conceptual solutions for DEMO. The ITER Baseline scenario has been developed in a similar way in ASDEX Upgrade, TCV and JET. Key risks for ITER such as disruptions and run-aways have been also investigated in TCV, ASDEX Upgrade and JET. Experiments have explored successfully different divertor configurations (standard, super-X, snowflakes) in MAST-U and TCV and studied tungsten melting in WEST and ASDEX Upgrade. The input from the smaller devices to JET has also been proven successful to set-up novel control schemes on disruption avoidance and detachment.

Published
2024
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17. Experimental and numerical investigation of the Doppler-shifted resonance condition for high frequency Alfvén eigenmodes on ASDEX Upgrade

Author

R. Ochoukov, R. Bilato, V. Bobkov, H. Faugel, A. Kappatou, P. Schneider, M. Weiland, M. Dreval, S. Sipilä, R. Dendy, T. Johnson, Ye Kazakov, K.G. McClements, D. Moseev, M. Salewski, ASDEX Upgrade Team, and EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team

Subjects
ASDEX upgrade, Alfven instability, fast ions, GAE, ICE, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

The Doppler-shifted resonance condition for high frequency Alfvénic eigenmodes has been extensively studied on ASDEX Upgrade in the presence of one or a combination of two neutral beam injected (NBI) fast ion populations. In general, only centrally deposited NBI sources drive these modes, while off-axis sources globally stabilize the mode activity. For the case of a single central NBI source, the observed trend is: the highest frequency modes are driven by the lowest energy and lowest pitch angle NBI sources, in line with the expectation from the Doppler-shifted resonance condition. The expected mode frequencies are determined analytically from the two-fluid cold plasma dispersion relation and the most unstable frequency relation, while the mode growth rates are estimated using the fast ion slowing down distribution functions from the ASCOT code. The overall mode frequency trend in a source-to-source variation is tracked, although a systematic overestimate of ∼1 MHz is observed. Possible causes of this overestimate include the finite size of the resonant fast ion drift orbit and non-linear effects such as mode sideband formation. Alternatively, the expected mode frequencies are determined by tracking the growth rate maxima trajectories, this method improves the agreement with the experimentally measured values. A combination of two central mode-driving NBI sources results in the suppression of the mode driven by the lowest energy and the lowest pitch angle NBI source. Computing the analytically expected mode frequency following the method outlined above, again, generally tracks the experimentally observed trend. The mode’s Alfvénic nature allows for a practical application to track the core hydrogen fraction by following the mode frequency changes in response to a varying ion mass density. Such application is demonstrated in a discharge where the average ion mass is varied from ∼2 m _p to ∼1.5 m _p (where m _p is the proton mass) via a hydrogen puff in a deuterium plasma, in the presence of a strong mode activity. The expected mode frequency changes are computed from the existence of the resonance condition, and the values track the measured results with an offset of ∼0.5 MHz. Overall, the results suggest an intriguing possibility to monitor and control the D-T ion fraction in the core of a fusion reactor in real time using a non-invasive diagnostic.

Published
2024
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18. Report on Discussion Group 4: Exploration and Science

Author

S. Sipila and E. Pino

Subjects
Competition (economics), Discussion group, business.industry, Political science, Advisory committee, Agency (sociology), Space industry, Session (computer science), Public relations, Space (commercial competition), business
Abstract

The session was launched with a discussion of the role of the scientific community in defining a science mission to acquire the information needed for research. Those present agreed that the benefits of such missions to the general public, as taxpayers and “customers”, should be stressed to ensure support for these science efforts. One participant opined that, although science is a driving force for defining space programmes, it will always be in direct competition with the commercial needs of the industry. This led to a discussion of the interactions between governments and space agencies with regard to funding exploratory missions. It was generally agreed that the science community can benefit from commercial participation. According to S. Garneau, the Canadian Science Advisory Committee recently advised the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) not to commercialise the space industry, but to continue supporting science programmes by providing the necessary funds. Civil programmes should not take away from the commercial programmes; instead they should encourage public/private partnerships by funding enabling technologies at the early stages of their development.

Published
2002
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19. Analysis of high frequency Alfvén eigenmodes observed in ASDEX Upgrade plasmas in the presence of RF-accelerated NBI ions

Author

R. Ochoukov, S. Sipilä, R. Bilato, V. Bobkov, M. Dreval, M. Weiland, R. Dendy, H. Faugel, T. Johnson, A. Kappatou, Y. Kazakov, K.G. McClements, D. Moseev, M. Salewski, P. Schneider, ASDEX Upgrade Team, and EUROfusion MST1 Team

Subjects
Alfven eigenmodes, ICE, ASDEX Upgrade, plasma instabilities, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

High frequency Alfvén eigenmodes in the ion cyclotron frequency range are actively researched on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak (AUG). The general properties of this particular mode type are: ( a ) the mode is beam-driven and, if excited, can persist for the entire duration of the beam-on time window; ( b ) the mode is sub-cyclotron with the frequency ω ∼0.5 ω _ci , where ω _ci corresponds to the on-axis cyclotron frequency of the beam ions; ( c ) the mode propagates in the counter-current/counter-injection direction; and ( d ) the field-aligned (∼toroidal) mode number is large: | n _// | ∼50. It has been observed on AUG that radio frequency- (RF)-acceleration of beam-injected ions at the 3rd cyclotron harmonic significantly expands the number of excited modes. In this work we demonstrate how this observation is consistent with the global Alfvén eigenmode (GAE) behavior. The RF-driven fast ion population is modeled using a combination of an orbit-following Monte Carlo code (ASCOT-RFOF) and an electro-magnetic wave code (TORIC). The application of this code combination is a first to model beam-ion RF-acceleration at the 3rd cyclotron harmonic. The RF-accelerated fast ion distributions are then used to analytically calculate anisotropy-driven mode growth rates. We see that the region of positive (unstable) growth rates is expanded by RF-accelerated fast ions in both the frequency and the mode number directions for the GAEs, consistent with the measurements. Although the compressional Alfvén eigenmode growth rates are also positive for our particular fast ion distributions, the growth rate values are ∼3 orders of magnitude lower. The plasma conditions on AUG are more destabilizing to the GAEs. Overall, our results are consistent with the observation of similar modes on other conventional tokamaks, namely JT-60U and DIII-D.

Published
2023
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21. A tailored counseling and home-based rehabilitation program to increase physical activity and improve mobility among community-dwelling older people after hospitalization: protocol of a randomized controlled trial

Author

K. Turunen, L. Aaltonen, J. Kumpumäki, E. Portegijs, S. Keikkala, M.-L. Kinnunen, T. Finni, S. Sipilä, and R. Nikander

Subjects
Physical activity, Sedentary behavior, Rehabilitation, Clinical trial, Mobility, Aging, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract

Abstract Background Physical activity (PA) decreases during hospitalization. In particular, the amount of PA engaged in by older people who are hospitalized following musculoskeletal injury is likely to be limited for months after discharge home. Given the importance of an active lifestyle for their recovery and the prevention of future adverse outcomes, there is clearly a need for interventions to increase PA. This article describes the protocol of a randomized controlled trial set up to investigate the effects of a physical activity oriented home rehabilitation program (ProPA) on PA and the restoration of mobility in community-dwelling older people. Methods Men and women aged 60 years or older hospitalized due to a musculoskeletal injury or disorder in the back or lower limbs are recruited. After discharge from hospital to home, participants are randomized into a six-month ProPA program or a standard care (control) group. The ProPA program consists of a motivational interview, goal attainment process, guidance for safe walking, a progressive home exercise program and physical activity counseling. In addition, frail participants who are not able to go outdoors alone receive support from volunteers. Primary outcomes are PA measured using a 3-dimentional accelerometer, and mobility assessed by the Short Physical Performance Battery and self-reports. Secondary outcomes are life space mobility, participation restriction, fear of falling, pain, mood, and grip strength. Information on barriers to and enablers of PA participation are also collected. Data on mortality and use of health services are collected from the national register. In this 6-month intervention, all participants are assessed in their homes at baseline and after three and six months, and at 12 months after randomization they will receive a follow-up questionnaire. Discussion This study investigates the effects of a rehabilitation program on PA and mobility among older people at risk for increased sedentary time and mobility problems. If positive effects are observed, the program can be considered for incorporation into the health care system and thereby contribute to the rehabilitation of older people who have recently been discharged from hospital. Trial registration ISRCTN13461584 . Registered 27 January 2016.

Published
2017
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25. Lipoma blind

Author

S, SIPILA

Subjects
Neoplasms, Humans, Cecal Neoplasms, Lipoma, Cecum, Medical Records
Published
1957

26. Malignant tumour of the pericardium

Author

A, RAUTAKOSKI and S, SIPILA

Subjects
Heart Neoplasms, Neoplasms, Pleural Neoplasms, Thymus Neoplasms, Pericardium
Published
1958

27. Overview of JET results

Author

F. Romanelli, F. Laxaback, I. Abel, V. Afanesyev, G. Agarici, K. M. Aggarwal, M. Airila, R. Akers, T.h. Alarcon, A. Alexeev, A. Alfier, P. Allan, S. Almaviva, A. Alonso, M. Alonso, B. Alper, H. Altmann, D. Alves, V. Amosov, G. Anda, F. Andersson, E. Andersson Sund́en, V. Andreev, Y. Andrew, M. Angelone, M. Anghel, A. Anghel, C. Angioni, G. Apruzzese, N. Arcis, P. Arena, A. Argouarch, M. Ariola, A. Armitano, R. Armstrong, G. Arnoux, S. Arshad, G. Artaserse, J. F. Artaud, A. Ash, E. Asp, O. Asunta, C. V. Atanasiu, G. Atkins, M. D. Axton, C. Ayres, A. Baciero, V. Bailescu, B. Baiocchi, R. A. Baker, I. Balboa, C. Balorin, N. Balshaw, J. W. Banks, Y. F. Baranov, D. Barbier, I. L. Barlow, M. A. Barnard, R. Barnsley, L. Barrena, L. Barrera, M. Baruzzo, V. Basiuk, G. Bateman, P. Batistoni, N. Baumgarten, L. Baylor, B. Bazylev, P. S. Beaumont, K. Beausang, M. B́ecoulet, N. Bekris, M. Beldishevski, A. C. Bell, F. Belli, M. Bellinger, P. S. A. Belo, ́.E. Belonohy, P. E. Bennett, N. A. Benterman, G. Berger By, H. Bergsåker, H. Berk, J. Bernardo, B. Bertrand, M. N. A. Beurskens, B. Bieg, B. Bienkowska, T. Biewer, T. M. Biewer, M. Bigi, R. Bilato, J. Bird, J. Bizarro, T. R. Blackman, P. Blanchard, E. Blanco, J. Blum, V. Bobkov, A. Boboc, D. Boilson, I. Bolshakova, T. Bolzonella, L. Boncagni, G. Bonheure, X. Bonnin, D. Borba, A. Borthwick, A. Botrugno, C. Boulbe, F. Bouquey, C. Bourdelle, K. v. Bovert, M. Bowden, T. Boyce, H. J. Boyer, A. Bozhenkov, R. J. Brade, J. M. A. Bradshaw, J. Braet, V. Braic, G. C. Braithwaite, C. Brault, H. Braune, B. Breizman, S. Bremond, P. D. Brennan, A. Brett, J. Breue, S. Brezinsek, M. D. J. Bright, F. Briscoe, M. Brix, M. Brombin, B. C. Brown, D. P. D. Brown, A. Bruschi, J. Brzozowski, J. Bucalossi, M. A. Buckley, T. Budd, R. Budny, R. V. Budny, P. Bunting, P. Buratti, G. Burcea, P. R. Butcher, R. J. Buttery, R. Caç̃ao, G. Calabr`o, C. P. Callaghan, J. P. Caminade, P. G. Camp, D. C. Campling, J. Canik, B. Cannas, A. J. Capel, P. J. Card, A. Cardinali, T. Carlstrom, P. Carman, D. Carralero, L. Carraro, T. Carter, B. B. Carvalho, P. Carvalho, A. Casati, C. Castaldo, J. Caughman, R. Cavazzana, M. Cavinato, M. Cecconello, F. E. Cecil, A. Cenedese, C. Centioli, R. Cesario, C. D. Challis, M. Chandler, C. Chang, A. Chankin, I. T. Chapman, D. J. Child, P. Chiru, G. Chitarin, I. Chugonov, I. Chugunov, D. Ciric, F. Clairet, R. H. Clarke, R. Clay, M. Clever, J. P. Coad, P. A. Coates, V. Cocilovo, S. Coda, R. Coelho, J. Coenen, I. Coffey, L. Colas, M. Cole, S. Collins, S. Combs, J. Compan, J. E. Conboy, S. Conroy, N. Cook, S. P. Cook, D. Coombs, S. R. Cooper, Y. Corre, G. Corrigan, S. Cortes, D. Coster, G. F. Counsell, X. Courtois, M. Cox, T. Craciunescu, S. Cramp, F. Crisanti, O. Croft, K. Crombe, B. J. Crowley, N. Cruz, L. Cupido, M. Curuia, R. A. Cusack, A. Czarnecka, S. Dalley, E. T. Daly, A. Dalziel, D. Darrow, O. David, N. Davies, J. J. Davis, I. E. Day, C. Day, R. De Angelis, G. deArcas, M. R. de Baar, E. delaCal, E. de la Luna, J. L. de Pablos, G. De Temmerman, P. C. de Vries, F. Degli Agostini, E. Delabie, D. del Castillo Negrete, L. Delpech, G. Denisov, A. J. Denyer, R. F. Denyer, S. Devaux, P. Devynck, L. Di Matteo, L. DiPace, P. J. Dirken, A. Dnestrovskiy, D. Dodt, K. Dominiczak, S. E. Dorling, D. Douai, A. P. Down, P. T. Doyle, J. R. Drake, T. Dreischuh, V. Drozdov, P. Dumortier, D. Dunai, I. Duran, F. Durodíe, K. Dylst, R. Eaton, T. Edlington, A. M. Edwards, D. T. Edwards, P. K. Edwards, T.h. Eich, A. Ekedahl, T. Elevant, A. Elfimov, B. Ellingboe, C. G. Elsmore, B. Emmoth, G. Ericsson, L. G. Eriksson, A. Eriksson, B. Esposito, H. G. Esser, T. Estrada, E. A. Evangelidis, G. E. Evans, G. D. Ewart, D. T. Ewers, G. Falchetto, D. Falie, J. G. A. Fanthome, D. Farina, J. W. Farthing, A. Fasoli, B. Faugeras, N. Fedorczak, R. C. Felton, C. Fenzi, H. Fernandes, J. A. Ferreira, J. Ferreira, J. Ferron, J. A. Fessey, L. Figini, A. Figueiredo, J. Figueiredo, P. Finburg, K. H. Finken, U. Fischer, N. Fitzgerald, J. Flanagan, C. Fleming, A. Fonseca, A. D. Forbes, O. Ford, A. Formisano, D. Fraboulet, R. J. Francis, L. Frassinetti, R. Fresa, J. P. Friconneau, D. Frigione, J. C. Fuchs, K. Fullard, W. Fundamenski, M. Furno Palumbo, J. Gafert, K. Ǵal, R. Galṽao, S. Garavaglia, X. Garbet, J. Garcia, M. Gar cia Munoz, W. Gardner, P. Garibaldi, D. Garnier, L. Garzotti, M. Gatu Johnson, P. Gaudio, E. Gauthier, J. W. Gaze, D. F. Gear, J. Gedney, S. J. Gee, M. Gelfusa, E. Genangeli, S. Gerasimov, A. Geraud, T. Gerbaud, M. Gherendi, N. Ghirelli, J. C. Giacalone, L. Giacomelli, C. S. Gibson, C. Gil, S. J. Gilligan, C. G. Gimblett, D. Gin, E. Giovannozzi, C. Giroud, G. Giruzzi, S. Glowacz, J. Godwin, J. K. Goff, P. Gohil, V. Goloborod’ko, B. Gonçalves, M. Goniche, S. Gonzales, S. M. Gonźalezde Vicente, A. Goodyear, N. Gorelenkov, G. Gorini, R. Goulding, B. Graham, D. Graham, M. E. Graham, G. Granucci, J. Graves, N. R. Green, H. Greuner, E. Grigore, F. S. Griph, C. Grisolia, G. Gros, G. Grossetti, M. Groth, S. Gr̈unhagen, M. P. Gryaznevich, R. Guirlet, B. Gulejova, J. Gunn, A. Gupta, P. Guzdar, P. Hacek, L. J. Hackett, S. Hacquin, B. Haist, A. Hakola, S. J. Hall, S. P. HallworthCook, D. T. Hamilton, H. Han, R. C. Handley, S. Harding, J. D. W. Harling, D. Harting, M. J. Harvey, T. D. V. Haupt, E. Havlickova, N. C. Hawkes, R. Hawryluk, J. H. Hay, N. Hayashi, P. W. Haydon, I. R. Hayward, S. Hazel, P. J. L. Heesterman, W. Heidbrink, J. Heikkinen, C. Hellesen, T. Hellsten, O. N. Hemming, T. C. Hender, M. Henderson, C. Hennig, V. Hennion, C. Hidalgo, S. Higashijima, J. W. Hill, M. Hill, K. Hill, J. Hillairet, D. Hillis, T. Hirai, M. Hitchin, J. Hobirk, C. Hogan, C. H. A. Hogben, G. M. D. Hogeweij, I. C. Hollingham, R. Holyaka, D. A. Homfray, G. Honeyands, S. H. Hong, C. Hopf, B. A. Horn, A. R. Horton, L. D. Horton, S. P. Hotchin, M. R. Hough, W. Houlberg, D. F. Howell, M. Hron, A. Huber, T. M. Huddleston, Z. Hudson, M. Hughes, M. Ḧuhnerbein, C. C. Hume, A. J. Hunt, C. L. Hunter, T. S. Hutchinson, S. Huygen, G. Huysmans, V. Hyn̈onen, S. Ide, R. Igreja, C. Illescas, F. Imbeaux, D. Ivanova, E. Ivings, S. Jachmich, G. Jackson, P. Jacquet, K. Jakubowska, M. Jakubowski, P. V. James, R. J. E. Jaspers, S. Jednorog, I. Jenkins, M. A. C. Jennison, C. Jeskins, O. Jin Kwon, E. Joffrin, M. F. Johnson, R. Johnson, T. Johnson, D. Jolovic, V. Jonauskas, E. M. Jones, G. Jones, H. D. Jones, T. T. C. Jones, M. Jouvet, C. Juṕen, I. Kachtchouk, J. Kaczmarczyk, A. Kallenbach, J. K̈allne, D. Kalupin, S. Ḱalvin, G. Kamelander, R. Kamendje, A. Kappatou, S. Karttunen, W. Kasparek, I. Katramados, M. Kaufmann, G. Kaveney, A. S. Kaye, M. J. Kear, D. L. Keeling, D. Kelliher, M. Kempenaars, P. Khilar, N. G. Kidd, M. Kiisk, K. M. Kim, R. F. King, D. J. Kinna, V. Kiptily, G. Kirnev, N. Kirneva, K. Kirov, A. Kirschner, R. Kisielius, D. Kislov, G. Kiss, T. Kiviniemi, G. Kizane, A. Klein, A. Klix, M. Knaup, K. Kneuper, H. Kneupner, P. J. Knight, S. J. Knipe, M. Kocan, F. K̈ochl, G. Kocsis, C. Konz, T. Koppitz, A. Korotkov, H. R. Koslowski, V. Kotov, M. D. Kovari, K. Kovarik, G. Kramer, A. Krasilnikov, V. Krasilnikov, S. Kraus, A. Kreter, K. Krieger, A. Kritz, Y. Krivchenkov, U. Kruezi, M. Krychowiak, S. Krylov, I. Ksiazek, M. Kubic, S. Kuhn, W. K̈uhnlein, T. Kurki Suonio, A. Kurowski, B. Kuteev, A. Kuyanov, R. La Haye, M. Laan, C. Labate, A. Lachichi, N. Lam, P. Lang, M. T. Large, I. Lassiwe, J. R. Last, K. D. Lawson, M. Laxåback, R. A. Layne, E. Lazzaro, F. LeGuern, B. LeBlanc, H. J. Leggate, M. Lehnen, M. Leigheb, I. Lengar, M. Lennholm, E. Lerche, C. N. Lescure, Y. Li, A. Li Puma, Y. Liang, J. Likonen, Y. Lin, J. Linke, S. A. Linstead, B. Lipshultz, X. Litaudon, A. G. Litvak, Y. Liu, T. Loarer, A. Loarte, R. C. Lobel, P. J. Lomas, F. D. Long, J. L̈onnroth, D. J. Looker, J. Lopez, P.h. Lotte, M. J. Loughlin, A. B. Loving, C. Lowry, T. Luce, R. M. A. Lucock, A. Lukanitsa, A. M. Lungu, C. P. Lungu, A. Lyssoivan, P. Macheta, A. S. Mackenzie, M. Macrae, G. Maddaluno, G. P. Maddison, J. Madsen, P. Maget, C. Maggi, H. Maier, J. Mailloux, M. Makowski, C. J. Manning, M. Mansfield, M. E. Manso, P. Mantica, M. Mantsinen, M. Maraschek, C. Marchetto, M. A. Marchitti, M. Mardenfeld, J. L. Marechal, M. Marinelli, A. Marinoni, M. Marinucci, J. M̈arki, D. Marocco, C. A. Marren, D. Martin, D. L. Martin, G. Martin, Y. Martin, J. R. Mart́ın Soĺıs, K. Masaki, A. Masiello, M. Maslov, C. Maszl, A. Matilal, M. Mattei, G. F. Matthews, F. Maviglia, C. R. May, M. Mayer, M. L. Mayoral, D. Mazon, C. Mazzotta, E. Mazzucato, P. McCarthy, K. G. McClements, K. McCormick, P. A. McCullen, D. McCune, D. C. McDonald, R. Mcgregor, J. P. Mckivitt, A. Meakins, F. Medina, A. G. Meigs, M. Menard, L. Meneses, S. Menmuir, I. R. Merrigan, P.h. Mertens, A. Messiaen, H. Meyer, M. Miele, P. Migliucci, A. G. Miller, S. F. Mills, J. J. Milnes, K. Min Kim, T. Mindham, F. Mirizzi, E. Mirones, M. Mironov, R. Mitteau, J. Mlynar, P. Mollard, I. Monakhov, P. Monier Garbet, R. Mooney, S. Moradi, D. Moreau, P.h. Moreau, L. Moreira, A. Morgan, P. D. Morgan, C. Morlock, A. Moro, A. W. Morris, G. L. Mort, C. Mrozek, A. Mueck, H. W. M̈uller, M. Murakami, A. Murari, I. Mustata, F. Nabais, E. Nardon, G. Nash, V. Naulin, M. F. F. Nave, R. Nazikian, I. Nedzelski, C. R. Negus, J. D. Neilson, A. Neto, R. Neu, O. Neubauer, G. J. Newbert, M. Newman, K. J. Nicholls, A. Nicolai, L. Nicolas, P. Nieckchen, P. Nielsen, A. H. Nielsen, S. K. Nielsen, G. Nielson, J. Nieto, M. P. S. Nightingale, C. Noble, M. Nocente, M. Nora, H. Nordman, M. Norman, J. M. Noterdaeme, S. Nowak, I. Nunes, F. Ognissanto, T. O’Gorman, S. Olariu, A. Oleynikov, M. O’Mullane, J. Ongena, F. Orsitto, O. I. Oswuigwe, M. Ottaviani, N. Oyama, D. Pacella, K. Paget, S. Palazzo, J. Pamela, S. Pamela, R. Panek, L. Pangione, A. Panin, T.h. Panis, A. Pankin, A. Pantea, V. Parail, T.h. Parisot, A. Parkin, A. Parsloe, B. T. Parsons, R. Pasqualotto, P. Pastor, R. Paterson, M. K. Paul, D. Peach, R. J. H. Pearce, B. J. Pearson, I. J. Pearson, L. C. Pedrick, M. A. Pedrosa, B. Pegourie, R. Pereira, E. Perelli Cippo, G. Pereverzev, A. Perevezentsev, C.h. PerezvonThun, V. Pericoli Ridolfini, A. Perona, Y. Perrot, S. Peruzzo, S. Peschanyy, G. Petravich, L. Petrizzi, V. Petrov, V. Petrzilka, V. Philipps, G. Piazza, F. Piccolo, A. Pietropaolo, M. Pillon, S. D. Pinches, T. Pinna, G. Pintsuk, P. Piovesan, F. Pisano, R. Pitts, B. Plaum, V. Plyusnin, M. Polasik, F. M. Poli, N. Pomaro, O. Pompilian, L. Poncet, P. J. Pool, S. Popovichev, F. Porcelli, M. T. Porfiri, C. Portafaix, A. Pospieszczyk, G. Possnert, G. Prestopino, P. Prior, R. Prokopowicz, I. Proverbio, R. Pugno, M. E. Puiatti, K. Purahoo, V. Pustovitov, T.h. P̈utterich, D. P̈uttmann Kneupner, E. Rachlew, R. Rademaker, T. Rafiq, M. S. J. Rainford, G. Ramogida, K. Rantam̈aki, J. Rapp, J. J. Rasmussen, G. Ratt́a, G. Ravera, M. Reich, R. Reichle, D. Reiser, R. Reiss, D. Reiter, D. Rendell, C. Reux, G. Rewoldt, T. T. Ribeiro, V. Riccardo, D. Richards, F. Rigollet, F. G. Rimini, L. Rios, M. Riva, J. E. C. Roberts, R. J. Robins, D. S. Robinson, S. A. Robinson, D. W. Robson, H. Roche, M. R̈odig, N. Rodionov, V. Rohde, A. Rolfe, M. Romanelli, A. Romano, J. Romero, E. Ronchi, S. Rosanvallon, C.h. Roux, S. Rowe, M. Rubel, L. Ruchko, M. Ruiz, C. Ruset, M. Russell, A. Ruth, L. Ryc, A. Rydzy, F. Ryter, J. Rzadkiewicz, S. Saarelma, F. Sabathier, R. Sabot, S. Sadakov, P. Sagar, G. Saibene, A. Saille, F. Saint Laurent, A. Salmi, R. Salomaa, F. Salzedas, U. Samm, P. Sanchez, S. Sanders, S. G. Sanders, G. Sandford, K. Sandland, P. Sandquist, D. E. G. Sands, M. I. K. Santala, F. Sartori, R. Sartori, O. Sauter, A. Savelyev, A. Savtchkov, S. C. Scales, A. Scarabosio, N. Schaefer, C.h. Schlatter, V. Schmidt, A. Schmidt, O. Schmitz, S. Schmuck, M. Schneider, M. Scholz, K. Scḧopf, B. Schweer, J. Schweinzer, B. Scott, M. Seki, L. Semeraro, A. Semerok, G. Sergienko, F. Serra, M. Sertoli, M. M. J. Shannon, S. E. Sharapov, S. R. Shaw, A. Shevelev, R. Sievering, C. A. Silva, P. A. Simmons, A. Simonetto, D. Simpson, S. Sipila, A. C. C. Sips, A. Sirinelli, H. Sj̈ostrand, D. Skopintsev, K. S.l.a.b.k.o.w.s.k.a., P. G. Smith, J. Snipes, L. Snoj, S. Snyder, S. Soare, E. R. Solano, S. Soldatov, A. Soleto, W. Solomon, C. Soltane, P. Sonato, A. Sopplesa, A. Sorrentino, J. Sousa, C. B. C. Sowden, C. Sozzi, P. Sp̈ah, T. Spelzini, J. Spence, F. Spineanu, P. Spuig, A. Sẗabler, R. D. Stagg, M. F. Stamp, V. Stancalie, P. Stangeby, C. Stan Sion, D. E. Starkey, M. J. Stead, A. V. Stephen, A. L. Stevens, J. Stober, R. B. Stokes, D. Stork, D. Stoyanov, J. Strachan, P. Strand, M. Stransky, D. Strauss, D. Strintzi, W. Studholme, Y. SuNa, F. Subba, H. P. Summers, Y. Sun, C. Surdu Bob, E. Surrey, D. J. Sutton, J. Svensson, D. Swain, B. D. Syme, I. D. Symonds, T. Szepesi, A. Szydlowski, F. Tabares, V. Takalo, H. Takenaga, T. Tala, A. R. Talbot, C. Taliercio, C. Tame, G. Tardini, M. Tardocchi, L. Taroni, G. Telesca, A. Terra, A. O. Terrington, D. Testa, J. M. Theis, J. D. Thomas, P. D. Thomas, P. R. Thomas, V. K. Thompson, H. Thomsen, C. Thomser, A. Thyagaraja, P. A. Tigwell, I. Tiseanu, R. Tivey, J. M. Todd, T. N. Todd, M. Z. Tokar, S. Tosti, P. Trabuc, J. M. Travere, W. Treutterer, P. Trimble, A. Trkov, E. Trukhina, M. Tsalas, H. Tsige Tamirat, E. Tsitrone, D. Tskhakaya jun, O. Tudisco, S. Tugarinov, M. M. Turner, G. Turri, S. G. J. Tyrrell, N. Umeda, B. Unterberg, H. Urano, A. J. Urquhart, I. Uytdenhouwen, A. Vaccaro, A. P. Vadgama, G. Vagliasindi, D. Valcarcel, M. Valisa, J. Vallory, M. Valovic, D. Van Eester, B. van Milligen, G. J. van Rooij, C. A. F. Varandas, S. Vartanian, V. Vdovin, J. Vega, G. Verdoolaege, J. M. Verger, L. Vermare, C. Verona, T.h. Versloot, M. Vervier, J. Vicente, S. Villari, E. Villedieu, F. Villone, J. E. Vince, G. J. Vine, B. Viola, E. Vitale, R. Vitelli, M. Vlad, I. Voitsekhovitch, M. Vrancken, K. Vulliez, C. W. F. Waldon, M. Walker, M. J. Walsh, J. Waterhouse, M. L. Watkins, M. J. Watson, T. Wauters, M. W. Way, C. R. Webb, J. Weiland, H. Weisen, M. Weiszflog, R. Wenninger, A. T. West, J. M. Weulersse, B. Weyssow, M. R. Wheatley, A. D. Whiteford, A. M. Whitehead, A. G. Whitehurst, A. M. Widdowson, R. C. Wieggers, C. Wiegmann, S. Wiesen, A. Wilson, D. Wilson, D. J. Wilson, H. R. Wilson, M. Wischmeier, D. M. Witts, R. C. Wolf, J. Wolowski, P. Woscov, G. M. Wright, J. Wright, G. S. Xu, V. Yavorskij, V. Yerashok, J. Yorkshades, C. Young, D. Young, I. D. Young, X. Yuhong, L. Zabeo, A. Zabolotsky, L. Zaccarian, R. Zagorski, F. S. Zaitsev, S. Zajac, L. Zakharov, R. Zanino, V. Zaroschi, K. D. Zastrow, I. Zatz, B. Zefran, W. Zeidner, M. Zerbini, T. Zhang, Y. Zhu, E. Zilli, O. Zimmermann, V. Zoita, S. Zoletnik, W. Zwingman, JET EFDA Contributors, ALBANESE, Raffaele, AMBROSINO, GIUSEPPE, BELLIZIO, TERESA, CARANNANTE, GIUSEPPE, COCCORESE, VINCENZO, DE TOMMASI, GIANMARIA, MIANO, GIOVANNI, PIRONTI, ALFREDO, QUERCIA, ANTONIO, RUBINACCI, GUGLIELMO, J., Pamela, EMILIA R., Solano, AND JET EFDA, Contributor, J. M., Adam, G., Agarici, M., Agarici, H., Akhter, Albanese, Raffaele, Romanelli, F., Laxaback, F., Abel, I., Afanesyev, V., Agarici, G., Aggarwal, K. M., Airila, M., Akers, R., Alarcon, T. h., Alexeev, A., Alfier, A., Allan, P., Almaviva, S., Alonso, A., Alonso, M., Alper, B., Altmann, H., Alves, D., Ambrosino, Giuseppe, Amosov, V., Anda, G., Andersson, F., Andersson Sund́en, E., Andreev, V., Andrew, Y., Angelone, M., Anghel, M., Anghel, A., Angioni, C., Apruzzese, G., Arcis, N., Arena, P., Argouarch, A., Ariola, M., Armitano, A., Armstrong, R., Arnoux, G., Arshad, S., Artaserse, G., Artaud, J. F., Ash, A., Asp, E., Asunta, O., Atanasiu, C. V., Atkins, G., Axton, M. D., Ayres, C., Baciero, A., Bailescu, V., Baiocchi, B., Baker, R. A., Balboa, I., Balorin, C., Balshaw, N., Banks, J. W., Baranov, Y. F., Barbier, D., Barlow, I. L., Barnard, M. A., Barnsley, R., Barrena, L., Barrera, L., Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V., Bateman, G., Batistoni, P., Baumgarten, N., Baylor, L., Bazylev, B., Beaumont, P. S., Beausang, K., B́ecoulet, M., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, A. C., Belli, F., Bellinger, M., Bellizio, Teresa, Belo, P. S. A., Belonohy, ́. E., Bennett, P. E., Benterman, N. A., Berger By, G., Bergsåker, H., Berk, H., Bernardo, J., Bertrand, B., Beurskens, M. N. A., Bieg, B., Bienkowska, B., Biewer, T., Biewer, T. M., Bigi, M., Bilato, R., Bird, J., Bizarro, J., Blackman, T. R., Blanchard, P., Blanco, E., Blum, J., Bobkov, V., Boboc, A., Boilson, D., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Boncagni, L., Bonheure, G., Bonnin, X., Borba, D., Borthwick, A., Botrugno, A., Boulbe, C., Bouquey, F., Bourdelle, C., Bovert, K. v., Bowden, M., Boyce, T., Boyer, H. J., Bozhenkov, A., Brade, R. J., Bradshaw, J. M. A., Braet, J., Braic, V., Braithwaite, G. C., Brault, C., Braune, H., Breizman, B., Bremond, S., Brennan, P. D., Brett, A., Breue, J., Brezinsek, S., Bright, M. D. J., Briscoe, F., Brix, M., Brombin, M., Brown, B. C., Brown, D. P. D., Bruschi, A., Brzozowski, J., Bucalossi, J., Buckley, M. A., Budd, T., Budny, R., Budny, R. V., Bunting, P., Buratti, P., Burcea, G., Butcher, P. R., Buttery, R. J., Caç̃ao, R., Calabr`o, G., Callaghan, C. P., Caminade, J. P., Camp, P. G., Campling, D. C., Canik, J., Cannas, B., Capel, A. J., Carannante, Giuseppe, Card, P. J., Cardinali, A., Carlstrom, T., Carman, P., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carter, T., Carvalho, B. B., Carvalho, P., Casati, A., Castaldo, C., Caughman, J., Cavazzana, R., Cavinato, M., Cecconello, M., Cecil, F. E., Cenedese, A., Centioli, C., Cesario, R., Challis, C. D., Chandler, M., Chang, C., Chankin, A., Chapman, I. T., Child, D. J., Chiru, P., Chitarin, G., Chugonov, I., Chugunov, I., Ciric, D., Clairet, F., Clarke, R. H., Clay, R., Clever, M., Coad, J. P., Coates, P. A., Coccorese, Vincenzo, Cocilovo, V., Coda, S., Coelho, R., Coenen, J., Coffey, I., Colas, L., Cole, M., Collins, S., Combs, S., Compan, J., Conboy, J. E., Conroy, S., Cook, N., Cook, S. P., Coombs, D., Cooper, S. R., Corre, Y., Corrigan, G., Cortes, S., Coster, D., Counsell, G. F., Courtois, X., Cox, M., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Crisanti, F., Croft, O., Crombe, K., Crowley, B. J., Cruz, N., Cupido, L., Curuia, M., Cusack, R. A., Czarnecka, A., Dalley, S., Daly, E. T., Dalziel, A., Darrow, D., David, O., Davies, N., Davis, J. J., Day, I. E., Day, C., De Angelis, R., Dearcas, G., de Baar, M. R., Delacal, E., de la Luna, E., de Pablos, J. L., De Temmerman, G., DE TOMMASI, Gianmaria, de Vries, P. C., Degli Agostini, F., Delabie, E., del Castillo Negrete, D., Delpech, L., Denisov, G., Denyer, A. J., Denyer, R. F., Devaux, S., Devynck, P., Di Matteo, L., Dipace, L., Dirken, P. J., Dnestrovskiy, A., Dodt, D., Dominiczak, K., Dorling, S. E., Douai, D., Down, A. P., Doyle, P. T., Drake, J. R., Dreischuh, T., Drozdov, V., Dumortier, P., Dunai, D., Duran, I., Durodíe, F., Dylst, K., Eaton, R., Edlington, T., Edwards, A. M., Edwards, D. T., Edwards, P. K., Eich, T. h., Ekedahl, A., Elevant, T., Elfimov, A., Ellingboe, B., Elsmore, C. G., Emmoth, B., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, L. G., Eriksson, A., Esposito, B., Esser, H. G., Estrada, T., Evangelidis, E. A., Evans, G. E., Ewart, G. D., Ewers, D. T., Falchetto, G., Falie, D., Fanthome, J. G. A., Farina, D., Farthing, J. W., Fasoli, A., Faugeras, B., Fedorczak, N., Felton, R. C., Fenzi, C., Fernandes, H., Ferreira, J. A., Ferreira, J., Ferron, J., Fessey, J. A., Figini, L., Figueiredo, A., Figueiredo, J., Finburg, P., Finken, K. H., Fischer, U., Fitzgerald, N., Flanagan, J., Fleming, C., Fonseca, A., Forbes, A. D., Ford, O., Formisano, A., Fraboulet, D., Francis, R. J., Frassinetti, L., Fresa, R., Friconneau, J. P., Frigione, D., Fuchs, J. C., Fullard, K., Fundamenski, W., Furno Palumbo, M., Gafert, J., Ǵal, K., Galṽao, R., Garavaglia, S., Garbet, X., Garcia, J., Gar cia Munoz, M., Gardner, W., Garibaldi, P., Garnier, D., Garzotti, L., Gatu Johnson, M., Gaudio, P., Gauthier, E., Gaze, J. W., Gear, D. F., Gedney, J., Gee, S. J., Gelfusa, M., Genangeli, E., Gerasimov, S., Geraud, A., Gerbaud, T., Gherendi, M., Ghirelli, N., Giacalone, J. C., Giacomelli, L., Gibson, C. S., Gil, C., Gilligan, S. J., Gimblett, C. G., Gin, D., Giovannozzi, E., Giroud, C., Giruzzi, G., Glowacz, S., Godwin, J., Goff, J. K., Gohil, P., Goloborod’Ko, V., Gonçalves, B., Goniche, M., Gonzales, S., Gonźalezde Vicente, S. M., Goodyear, A., Gorelenkov, N., Gorini, G., Goulding, R., Graham, B., Graham, D., Graham, M. E., Granucci, G., Graves, J., Green, N. R., Greuner, H., Grigore, E., Griph, F. S., Grisolia, C., Gros, G., Grossetti, G., Groth, M., Gr̈unhagen, S., Gryaznevich, M. P., Guirlet, R., Gulejova, B., Gunn, J., Gupta, A., Guzdar, P., Hacek, P., Hackett, L. J., Hacquin, S., Haist, B., Hakola, A., Hall, S. J., Hallworthcook, S. P., Hamilton, D. T., Han, H., Handley, R. C., Harding, S., Harling, J. D. W., Harting, D., Harvey, M. J., Haupt, T. D. V., Havlickova, E., Hawkes, N. C., Hawryluk, R., Hay, J. H., Hayashi, N., Haydon, P. W., Hayward, I. R., Hazel, S., Heesterman, P. J. L., Heidbrink, W., Heikkinen, J., Hellesen, C., Hellsten, T., Hemming, O. N., Hender, T. C., Henderson, M., Hennig, C., Hennion, V., Hidalgo, C., Higashijima, S., Hill, J. W., Hill, M., Hill, K., Hillairet, J., Hillis, D., Hirai, T., Hitchin, M., Hobirk, J., Hogan, C., Hogben, C. H. A., Hogeweij, G. M. D., Hollingham, I. C., Holyaka, R., Homfray, D. A., Honeyands, G., Hong, S. H., Hopf, C., Horn, B. A., Horton, A. R., Horton, L. D., Hotchin, S. P., Hough, M. R., Houlberg, W., Howell, D. F., Hron, M., Huber, A., Huddleston, T. M., Hudson, Z., Hughes, M., Ḧuhnerbein, M., Hume, C. C., Hunt, A. J., Hunter, C. L., Hutchinson, T. S., Huygen, S., Huysmans, G., Hyn̈onen, V., Ide, S., Igreja, R., Illescas, C., Imbeaux, F., Ivanova, D., Ivings, E., Jachmich, S., Jackson, G., Jacquet, P., Jakubowska, K., Jakubowski, M., James, P. V., Jaspers, R. J. E., Jednorog, S., Jenkins, I., Jennison, M. A. C., Jeskins, C., Jin Kwon, O., Joffrin, E., Johnson, M. F., Johnson, R., Johnson, T., Jolovic, D., Jonauskas, V., Jones, E. M., Jones, G., Jones, H. D., Jones, T. T. C., Jouvet, M., Juṕen, C., Kachtchouk, I., Kaczmarczyk, J., Kallenbach, A., K̈allne, J., Kalupin, D., Ḱalvin, S., Kamelander, G., Kamendje, R., Kappatou, A., Karttunen, S., Kasparek, W., Katramados, I., Kaufmann, M., Kaveney, G., Kaye, A. S., Kear, M. J., Keeling, D. L., Kelliher, D., Kempenaars, M., Khilar, P., Kidd, N. G., Kiisk, M., Kim, K. M., King, R. F., Kinna, D. J., Kiptily, V., Kirnev, G., Kirneva, N., Kirov, K., Kirschner, A., Kisielius, R., Kislov, D., Kiss, G., Kiviniemi, T., Kizane, G., Klein, A., Klix, A., Knaup, M., Kneuper, K., Kneupner, H., Knight, P. J., Knipe, S. J., Kocan, M., K̈ochl, F., Kocsis, G., Konz, C., Koppitz, T., Korotkov, A., Koslowski, H. R., Kotov, V., Kovari, M. D., Kovarik, K., Kramer, G., Krasilnikov, A., Krasilnikov, V., Kraus, S., Kreter, A., Krieger, K., Kritz, A., Krivchenkov, Y., Kruezi, U., Krychowiak, M., Krylov, S., Ksiazek, I., Kubic, M., Kuhn, S., K̈uhnlein, W., Kurki Suonio, T., Kurowski, A., Kuteev, B., Kuyanov, A., La Haye, R., Laan, M., Labate, C., Lachichi, A., Lam, N., Lang, P., Large, M. T., Lassiwe, I., Last, J. R., Lawson, K. D., Laxåback, M., Layne, R. A., Lazzaro, E., Leguern, F., Leblanc, B., Leggate, H. J., Lehnen, M., Leigheb, M., Lengar, I., Lennholm, M., Lerche, E., Lescure, C. N., Li, Y., Li Puma, A., Liang, Y., Likonen, J., Lin, Y., Linke, J., Linstead, S. A., Lipshultz, B., Litaudon, X., Litvak, A. G., Liu, Y., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Lobel, R. C., Lomas, P. J., Long, F. D., L̈onnroth, J., Looker, D. J., Lopez, J., Lotte, P. h., Loughlin, M. J., Loving, A. B., Lowry, C., Luce, T., Lucock, R. M. A., Lukanitsa, A., Lungu, A. M., Lungu, C. P., Lyssoivan, A., Macheta, P., Mackenzie, A. S., Macrae, M., Maddaluno, G., Maddison, G. P., Madsen, J., Maget, P., Maggi, C., Maier, H., Mailloux, J., Makowski, M., Manning, C. J., Mansfield, M., Manso, M. E., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Maraschek, M., Marchetto, C., Marchitti, M. A., Mardenfeld, M., Marechal, J. L., Marinelli, M., Marinoni, A., Marinucci, M., M̈arki, J., Marocco, D., Marren, C. A., Martin, D., Martin, D. L., Martin, G., Martin, Y., Mart́ın Soĺıs, J. R., Masaki, K., Masiello, A., Maslov, M., Maszl, C., Matilal, A., Mattei, M., Matthews, G. F., Maviglia, F., May, C. R., Mayer, M., Mayoral, M. L., Mazon, D., Mazzotta, C., Mazzucato, E., Mccarthy, P., Mcclements, K. G., Mccormick, K., Mccullen, P. A., Mccune, D., Mcdonald, D. C., Mcgregor, R., Mckivitt, J. P., Meakins, A., Medina, F., Meigs, A. G., Menard, M., Meneses, L., Menmuir, S., Merrigan, I. R., Mertens, P. h., Messiaen, A., Meyer, H., Miano, Giovanni, Miele, M., Migliucci, P., Miller, A. G., Mills, S. F., Milnes, J. J., Min Kim, K., Mindham, T., Mirizzi, F., Mirones, E., Mironov, M., Mitteau, R., Mlynar, J., Mollard, P., Monakhov, I., Monier Garbet, P., Mooney, R., Moradi, S., Moreau, D., Moreau, P. h., Moreira, L., Morgan, A., Morgan, P. D., Morlock, C., Moro, A., Morris, A. W., Mort, G. L., Mrozek, C., Mueck, A., M̈uller, H. W., Murakami, M., Murari, A., Mustata, I., Nabais, F., Nardon, E., Nash, G., Naulin, V., Nave, M. F. F., Nazikian, R., Nedzelski, I., Negus, C. R., Neilson, J. D., Neto, A., Neu, R., Neubauer, O., Newbert, G. J., Newman, M., Nicholls, K. J., Nicolai, A., Nicolas, L., Nieckchen, P., Nielsen, P., Nielsen, A. H., Nielsen, S. K., Nielson, G., Nieto, J., Nightingale, M. P. S., Noble, C., Nocente, M., Nora, M., Nordman, H., Norman, M., Noterdaeme, J. M., Nowak, S., Nunes, I., Ognissanto, F., O’Gorman, T., Olariu, S., Oleynikov, A., O’Mullane, M., Ongena, J., Orsitto, F., Oswuigwe, O. I., Ottaviani, M., Oyama, N., Pacella, D., Paget, K., Palazzo, S., Pamela, J., Pamela, S., Panek, R., Pangione, L., Panin, A., Panis, T. h., Pankin, A., Pantea, A., Parail, V., Parisot, T. h., Parkin, A., Parsloe, A., Parsons, B. T., Pasqualotto, R., Pastor, P., Paterson, R., Paul, M. K., Peach, D., Pearce, R. J. H., Pearson, B. J., Pearson, I. J., Pedrick, L. C., Pedrosa, M. A., Pegourie, B., Pereira, R., Perelli Cippo, E., Pereverzev, G., Perevezentsev, A., Perezvonthun, C. h., Pericoli Ridolfini, V., Perona, A., Perrot, Y., Peruzzo, S., Peschanyy, S., Petravich, G., Petrizzi, L., Petrov, V., Petrzilka, V., Philipps, V., Piazza, G., Piccolo, F., Pietropaolo, A., Pillon, M., Pinches, S. D., Pinna, T., Pintsuk, G., Piovesan, P., Pironti, Alfredo, Pisano, F., Pitts, R., Plaum, B., Plyusnin, V., Polasik, M., Poli, F. M., Pomaro, N., Pompilian, O., Poncet, L., Pool, P. J., Popovichev, S., Porcelli, F., Porfiri, M. T., Portafaix, C., Pospieszczyk, A., Possnert, G., Prestopino, G., Prior, P., Prokopowicz, R., Proverbio, I., Pugno, R., Puiatti, M. E., Purahoo, K., Pustovitov, V., P̈utterich, T. h., P̈uttmann Kneupner, D., Quercia, Antonio, Rachlew, E., Rademaker, R., Rafiq, T., Rainford, M. S. J., Ramogida, G., Rantam̈aki, K., Rapp, J., Rasmussen, J. J., Ratt́a, G., Ravera, G., Reich, M., Reichle, R., Reiser, D., Reiss, R., Reiter, D., Rendell, D., Reux, C., Rewoldt, G., Ribeiro, T. T., Riccardo, V., Richards, D., Rigollet, F., Rimini, F. G., Rios, L., Riva, M., Roberts, J. E. C., Robins, R. J., Robinson, D. S., Robinson, S. A., Robson, D. W., Roche, H., R̈odig, M., Rodionov, N., Rohde, V., Rolfe, A., Romanelli, M., Romano, A., Romero, J., Ronchi, E., Rosanvallon, S., Roux, C. h., Rowe, S., Rubel, M., Rubinacci, Guglielmo, Ruchko, L., Ruiz, M., Ruset, C., Russell, M., Ruth, A., Ryc, L., Rydzy, A., Ryter, F., Rzadkiewicz, J., Saarelma, S., Sabathier, F., Sabot, R., Sadakov, S., Sagar, P., Saibene, G., Saille, A., Saint Laurent, F., Salmi, A., Salomaa, R., Salzedas, F., Samm, U., Sanchez, P., Sanders, S., Sanders, S. G., Sandford, G., Sandland, K., Sandquist, P., Sands, D. E. G., Santala, M. I. K., Sartori, F., Sartori, R., Sauter, O., Savelyev, A., Savtchkov, A., Scales, S. C., Scarabosio, A., Schaefer, N., Schlatter, C. h., Schmidt, V., Schmidt, A., Schmitz, O., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Scholz, M., Scḧopf, K., Schweer, B., Schweinzer, J., Scott, B., Seki, M., Semeraro, L., Semerok, A., Sergienko, G., Serra, F., Sertoli, M., Shannon, M. M. J., Sharapov, S. E., Shaw, S. R., Shevelev, A., Sievering, R., Silva, C. A., Simmons, P. A., Simonetto, A., Simpson, D., Sipila, S., Sips, A. C. C., Sirinelli, A., Sj̈ostrand, H., Skopintsev, D., K. S. l. a. b. k. o. w. s. k. a., Smith, P. G., Snipes, J., Snoj, L., Snyder, S., Soare, S., Solano, E. R., Soldatov, S., Soleto, A., Solomon, W., Soltane, C., Sonato, P., Sopplesa, A., Sorrentino, A., Sousa, J., Sowden, C. B. C., Sozzi, C., Sp̈ah, P., Spelzini, T., Spence, J., Spineanu, F., Spuig, P., Sẗabler, A., Stagg, R. D., Stamp, M. F., Stancalie, V., Stangeby, P., Stan Sion, C., Starkey, D. E., Stead, M. J., Stephen, A. V., Stevens, A. L., Stober, J., Stokes, R. B., Stork, D., Stoyanov, D., Strachan, J., Strand, P., Stransky, M., Strauss, D., Strintzi, D., Studholme, W., Suna, Y., Subba, F., Summers, H. P., Sun, Y., Surdu Bob, C., Surrey, E., Sutton, D. J., Svensson, J., Swain, D., Syme, B. D., Symonds, I. D., Szepesi, T., Szydlowski, A., Tabares, F., Takalo, V., Takenaga, H., Tala, T., Talbot, A. 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D., Zatz, I., Zefran, B., Zeidner, W., Zerbini, M., Zhang, T., Zhu, Y., Zilli, E., Zimmermann, O., Zoita, V., Zoletnik, S., Zwingman, W., JET EFDA Contributors, Romanelli, F, Laxaback, M, Abel, I, Afanesyev, V, Agarici, G, Aggarwal, K, Airila, M, Akers, R, Alarcon, T, Albanese, R, Alexeev, A, Alfier, A, Allan, P, Almaviva, S, Alonso, A, Alonso, M, Alper, B, Altmann, H, Alves, D, Ambrosino, G, Amosov, V, Anda, G, Andersson, F, Andersson Sunden, E, Andreev, V, Andrew, Y, Angelone, M, Anghel, M, Anghel, A, Angioni, C, Apruzzese, G, Arcis, N, Arena, P, Argouarch, A, Ariola, M, Armitano, A, Armstrong, R, Arnoux, G, Arshad, S, Artaserse, G, Artaud, J, Ash, A, Asp, E, Asunta, O, Atanasiu, C, Atkins, G, Axton, M, Ayres, C, Baciero, A, Bailescu, V, Baiocchi, B, Baker, R, Balboa, I, Balorin, C, Balshaw, N, Banks, J, Baranov, Y, Barbier, D, Barlow, I, Barnard, M, Barnsley, R, Barrena, L, Barrera, L, Baruzzo, M, Basiuk, V, Bateman, G, Batiston, P, Baumgarten, N, Baylor, L, Bazylev, B, Beaumont, P, 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Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 52.55.Fa Tokamaks, spherical tokamak, Materials science, Tokamak, Physics and Astronomy (all), Condensed Matter Physics, Física [Ciências exactas e naturais], Cyclotron, law.invention, Bootstrap current, Physical sciences [Natural sciences], law, Physics::Plasma Physics, ITER, divertor, FIS/03 - FISICA DELLA MATERIA, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Jet (fluid), Safety factor, Divertor, 52.50.Qt Plasma heating by radio-frequency field, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, magnetic confinement, Magnetic confinement fusion, Física, 52.55.Rk Power exhaust, JET, overview, Settore FIS/07 - Fisica Applicata(Beni Culturali, Ambientali, Biol.e Medicin), Computational physics, Physical sciences, ICR, ICP, helicons, ___, JET, Beta (plasma physics), Atomic physics, tokamaks
Abstract

Since the last IAEA conference, the scientific programme of JET has focused on the qualification of the integrated operating scenarios for ITER and on physics issues essential for the consolidation of design choices and the efficient exploitation of ITER. Particular attention has been given to the characterization of the edge plasma, pedestal energy and edge localized modes (ELMs), and their impact on plasma facing components (PFCs). Various ELM mitigation techniques have been assessed for all ITER operating scenarios using active methods such as resonant magnetic field perturbation, rapid variation of the radial field and pellet pacing. In particular, the amplitude and frequency of type I ELMs have been actively controlled over a wide parameter range (q(95) = 3-4.8, beta(N)

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28. Handgrip Strength Cannot Be Assumed a Proxy for Overall Muscle Strength.

Author

Yeung SSY, Reijnierse EM, Trappenburg MC, Hogrel JY, McPhee JS, Piasecki M, Sipila S, Salpakoski A, Butler-Browne G, Pääsuke M, Gapeyeva H, Narici MV, Meskers CGM, and Maier AB

Subjects
Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Ambulatory Care Facilities, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Hip Fractures surgery, Hospitals, Humans, Independent Living, Male, Predictive Value of Tests, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sex Factors, Hand Strength physiology, Health Status, Hip Fractures rehabilitation, Muscle Strength physiology
Abstract

Objectives: Dynapenia, low muscle strength, is predictive for negative health outcomes and is usually expressed as handgrip strength (HGS). Whether HGS can be a proxy for overall muscle strength and whether this depends on age and health status is controversial. This study assessed the agreement between HGS and knee extension strength (KES) in populations differing in age and health status., Design: Data were retrieved from 5 cohorts., Setting and Participants: Community, geriatric outpatient clinics, and a hospital. Five cohorts (960 individuals, 49.8% male) encompassing healthy young and older individuals, geriatric outpatients, and older individuals post hip fracture were included., Measures: HGS and KES were measured according to the protocol of each cohort. Pearson correlation was performed to analyze the association between HGS and KES, stratified by sex. HGS and KES were standardized into sex-specific z scores. The agreement between standardized HGS and standardized KES at population level and individual level were assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altman analysis., Results: Pearson correlation coefficients were low in healthy young (male: 0.36 to 0.45, female: 0.45) and healthy older individuals (male: 0.35 to 0.37, female: 0.44), and moderate in geriatric outpatients (male and female: 0.54) and older individuals post hip fracture (male: 0.44, female: 0.57) (P < .05, except for male older individuals post hip fracture [P = .07]). Intraclass correlation coefficient values were poor to moderate in all populations (ie, healthy young individuals [0.41, 0.45], healthy older individuals [0.37, 0.41, 0.44], geriatric outpatients [0.54], and older individuals post hip fracture [0.54]). Bland-Altman analysis showed that within the same population of age and health status, agreement between HGS and KES varied on individual level., Conclusions: At both population and individual level, HGS and KES showed a low to moderate agreement independently of age and health status. HGS alone should not be assumed a proxy for overall muscle strength., (Copyright © 2018 AMDA – The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2018
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30. Association between osteocalcin and cognitive performance in healthy older adults.

Author

Bradburn S, McPhee JS, Bagley L, Sipila S, Stenroth L, Narici MV, Pääsuke M, Gapeyeva H, Osborne G, Sassano L, Meskers CG, Maier AB, Hogrel JY, Barnouin Y, Butler-Browne G, and Murgatroyd C

Subjects
Absorptiometry, Photon, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biomarkers blood, Bone Density, Bone Diseases, Metabolic diagnosis, Bone Diseases, Metabolic epidemiology, Bone Remodeling, Cognition Disorders diagnosis, Cognition Disorders epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Europe, Executive Function, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Episodic, Memory, Short-Term, Neuropsychological Tests, Sex Factors, Young Adult, Aging blood, Aging psychology, Bone Diseases, Metabolic blood, Cognition, Cognition Disorders psychology, Cognitive Aging psychology, Osteocalcin blood
Abstract

Introduction: cognitive deterioration and reductions of bone health coincide with increasing age. We examine the relationship between bone composition and plasma markers of bone remodelling with measures of cognitive performance in healthy adults., Methods: this cross-sectional study included 225 old (52% women, mean age: 74.4 ± 3.3 years) and 134 young (52% women, mean age: 23.4 ± 2.7 years) adult participants from the MyoAge project. Whole body bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Blood analyses included a panel of bone-related peptides (dickkopf-1, osteoprotegerin, osteocalcin (OC), osteopontin, sclerostin, parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor 23), as well as serum calcium and 25-hydroxy vitamin D assays. A selection of cognitive domains (working memory capacity, episodic memory, executive functioning and global cognition) was assessed with a standardised neuropsychological test battery., Results: adjusting for covariates and multiple testing revealed that plasma OC levels were positively associated with measures of executive functioning (β = 0.444, P < 0.001) and global cognition (β = 0.381, P = 0.001) in the older women., Discussion: these correlative results demonstrate a positive association between OC, a factor known to regulate bone remodelling, with cognitive performance in older non-demented women. Further work should address possible mechanistic interpretations in humans., (© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Geriatrics Society.)

Published
2016
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31. Comments on Point:Counterpoint: Estrogen and sex do/do not influence post-exercise indexes of muscle damage, inflammation, and repair.

Author

Pizza FX, Clark BC, De Meersman RE, Phillips SM, Stupka N, Sipila S, Kovanen V, Suominen H, Warren GL, Lowe DA, Miles MP, Sorichter S, Walterspacher S, Sayers SP, and Savage KJ

Subjects
Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Myositis physiopathology, Rats, Sex Factors, Species Specificity, Estrogens physiology, Exercise physiology, Muscle, Skeletal physiology, Myositis metabolism, Regeneration physiology
Published
2009
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32. Postural balance and self-reported balance confidence in older adults with a hip fracture history.

Author

Sihvonen S, Kulmala J, Kallinen M, Alén M, Kiviranta I, and Sipila S

Subjects
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging psychology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mobility Limitation, Recovery of Function, Attitude to Health, Hip Fractures physiopathology, Hip Fractures psychology, Hip Fractures rehabilitation, Postural Balance physiology, Self Efficacy
Abstract

Background: Balance dysfunction and loss of balance confidence have been associated with functional limitations and loss of independency in daily tasks. This study examined various aspects of postural balance and balance confidence between older adults with a hip fracture history and their non-fractured counterparts. A comprehensive assessment of balance capacity in older adults with a hip fracture history may help to identify aspects of postural balance that play an important role in the mobility recovery and the avoidance of further falls., Methods: The present study comprised 79 community-dwelling older adults with a hip fracture history and 31 non-fractured subjects of the same age, who participated in balance tests including both force platform measures and functional balance testing (Berg Balance Scale, BBS). In addition, balance confidence was assessed with the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale., Results: Persons with a hip fracture history had a markedly poorer balance control and were significantly less confident maintaining their balance during daily activities compared to the controls. Sixty percent of the subjects in the hip fracture group versus 87% of the non-fracture group (chi(2) test, p = 0.003) were able to perform the semi-tandem standing with their eyes closed. Significantly lower scores in the BBS (hip fracture group 46.3 vs. non-fracture group 52.9) and ABC (hip fracture group 59.4 vs. non-fracture group 77.5%) tests were found among the hip fracture subjects compared to the controls. In addition, the performance time in the lateral weight-shifting task (hip fracture group 13.4 vs. non-fracture group 8.4 s) was significantly slower compared to the controls., Conclusions: Balance impairments along with the loss of balance confidence are persistent problems among community-dwelling older adults with a history of hip fracture and may contribute to mobility limitations and the risk of falling. These areas of function and behaviour in older adults with a hip fracture history should be taken into consideration when planning effective, well-targeted rehabilitation programs.

Published
2009
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33. Interrelationships between muscle structure, muscle strength, and running economy.

Author

Kyrolainen H, Kivela R, Koskinen S, McBride J, Andersen JL, Takala T, Sipila S, and Komi PV

Subjects
Adult, Connectin, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Humans, Male, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal physiology, Muscle Proteins physiology, Muscle, Skeletal metabolism, Oxygen Consumption, Protein Kinases physiology, Statistics, Nonparametric, Energy Metabolism physiology, Muscle, Skeletal anatomy & histology, Muscle, Skeletal physiology, Running physiology
Abstract

Purpose: The present study was designed to investigate possible differences in running economy (RE) among elite middle-distance runners by examining muscle structure and maximal isometric force (MVC)., Methods: Ten young male runners ran at six different running speeds. During the running bouts, respiratory gases, and blood lactate were measured. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle for analyzing fiber type distribution, muscle fiber area, myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition, activities of a number of metabolic enzymes (citrate synthase, lactate dehydrogenase, phosphofruktokinase, and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase), and titin isoforms., Results: Energy expenditure (EE) increased linearly up to the speed of 6.0 m.s. The relative distribution of the MHC isoforms was MHC I: 67.0%, MHC IIA: 31.5%, and MHC IIX: 1.5%. The present results demonstrated that higher the area of Type II fibers, higher the MVC (r = 0.59, P< 0.05). The amount of MHC II correlated inversely with EE when running close to the competition speed (r = -0.61, P< 0.05). Enzyme activities did not correlate significantly with either RE or EE. Titin analysis revealed that a faster-mobility titin band was observed in all subjects, whereas a lower-mobility titin band was observed only in the most economical runner., Conclusion: Differences in RE among homogeneous group of middle-distance runners were observed at various running speeds. This may partly be explained by differences in muscle fiber distribution, MHC composition, and titin isoforms.

Published
2003
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36. Lipoma blind.

Author

SIPILA S

Subjects
Humans, Cecal Neoplasms, Cecum, Lipoma, Medical Records, Neoplasms
Published
1957

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