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The organ of vision is one of the target organs, which is negatively influenced by a number of harmful factors of the working environment and the labor process. Under their influence, the functioning of the visual analyzer can be disrupted, the risk of developing various diseases and injuries increases. The problem of the ophthalmopathology development in persons employed in hazardous industries is relevant, since the protection of the health of the working-age population is of great socio-economic importance. The proposed review of the literature presents the structure and frequency of occurrence of ophthalmopathology in workers of the cement industry, oil refining and petrochemical industries, metallurgical industry, coal and mining industries, manganese ore industry, synthetic rubber production, rubber technical products, synthetic ethyl alcohol, bakery, aviation production, also workers of the underground and railways of the main professions, including those who service underground tunnels. The data of the nosological structure of ophthalmopathology of various hazardous industries workers in Ukraine, India, and some African countries are presented. Among the professionally conditioned pathology of the vision organ, diseases of the anterior part of the eyeball are most common: chronic conjunctivitis, blepharitis, blepharoconjunctivitis, dry eye syndrome. In the general diseases’s structure of the vision organ, the first place is occupied by anomalies of refraction (from 14.3 to 88.9 %). The share of eye injuries ranges from 4 to 12.5 %. The frequency of occurrence of various ophthalmopathologies increases among workers with more than 10–15 years professional experience, which is typical for all industries and industries; there is also a direct connection between diseases of the organ of vision and the class of harmfulness of working conditions.

Цель работы — изучить эффективность комплексного лечения химических ожогов глаз с использованием фотодинамической терапии (ФДТ) и инстилляций виксипина по данным импрессионной цитологии (ИЦ) и биохимическим показателям слезной жидкости (СЖ). Материал и методы. Обследовано и пролечено 104 пациента (146 глаз) в возрасте от 18 до 72 лет с ожогом глаз I, II и III степени. К стандартному лечению добавлена ФДТ (I группа, 35 пациентов, 48 глаз) и сочетание ФДТ с инстилляциями препарата Виксипин (Солофарм, Россия) — глазные капли (II группа, 32 пациента, 46 глаз). Группу сравнения (стандартная терапия) составили 37 пациентов (52 глаза). Эффективность лечения оценивалась с помощью ИЦ и биохимических анализов СЖ на 7-й день лечения.Результаты. Исходные данные ИЦ свидетельствуют о смещении показателей цитограммы в сторону ядерных структур, во всех группах ядерно-цитоплазматическое отношение (ЯЦО) составило в среднем 0,068. В результате лечения у пациентов основных (I и II) групп определялось преобладание репаративных процессов в эпителиальных клетках, при этом ЯЦО увеличилось до 0,290 ± 0,010 в I и 0,320 ± 0,014 во II группе, что превышало в 3,9 и 4,5 раза соответственно аналогичные показатели в группе сравнения. Уровень стабильных метаболитов оксида азота в СЖ при добавлении виксипина достоверно снизился по отношению к значениям до лечения в 1,59 раза и составил 4,21 ± 0,32 мк моль/л. Данный показатель оказался в 1,23 раза ниже, чем в I группе, и приблизился к нормативным показателям (3,52 ± 0,23), превышая их в 1,19 раза. Заключение. Добавление ФДТ и виксипина к стандартному лечению химических ожогов глаз усиливает регенерацию ожоговой поверхности, нормализует показатели анти

Purpose. To study the effectiveness and tolerability of sodium cromoglycate (Uzbekistan) in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. Material and methods. 60 patients (120 eyes) with allergic conjunctivitis aged 18 to 60 years (28 men and 32 women), were divided into two homogeneous groups with similar clinical manifestations. The main group (30 patients), in addition to basic treatment, received instillations of sodium cromoglycate, 2 drops 4 times a day for 4 weeks. The control group (30 patients) received a foreign medication of the same group, instilled in the same way. Results. The patients of both groups revealed a comparable therapeutic effect. By the end of the treatment course, substantial positive changes were observed and the symptoms of allergic inflammation disappeared. The treatment effectiveness was 95.9 and 97.6 % in the main and the control groups, respectively. Conclusion. The use of domestic medication of the sodium cromoglycate group reduces the patients’ subjective complaints and helps achieve a maximum therapeutic effect at a price affordable by the patient and the clinic. No side effects or cases of intolerance to the drug of sodium cromoglycate group used have been revealed.

To evaluate the efficiency of modern imaging methods of meibomian gland ducts and determine the tear film break-up time (TFBUT) during therapy in patients with the secondary dry eye syndrome (SDES) of allergic etiology.Material and methods. 66 patients aged 38.0 ± 1.5 with SDES after allergic conjunctivitis were examined. The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the therapy administered. The main group (n = 33) received Oftalron as tear replacement therapy for 20 days, 2 drops, 2 times a day. The patients of the comparison group (n = 33) used Super Optic HydroBalance for 20 days, 2 drops 2 times a day. The control group consisted of 25 healthy subjects without eye pathology. All subjects underwent Schirmer’s tests I and II, as well as TFBUT and meibography on an automatic refractokeratometer HRK-9000A (Huvitz, Korea).Results. In both SDES groups, a significant decrease of the OSDI (Ocular Surface Disease Index) in the treatment process was observed (p ≤ 0.05), which corresponded to low intensity of SDES symptoms. In both groups morphofunctional changes of meibomian glands of 1 and 2 stages prevailed. The most significant dynamics was observed in TFBUT results, they were significantly lower in comparison with the similar indexes in the patients of the control group.Conclusion. Specific modes of autorefractokeratometer HRK-9000A allow receiving objective information about the condition of the tear film and high-quality imaging of meibomian glands, which allow expanding possibilities of complex diagnostics of various forms of DES.

Purpose. To compare hypotensive efficiency and safety of fixed combinations of drugs treating primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Material and methods. We conducted a randomized prospective clinical trial which involved 80 patients (158 eyes) divided into 4 groups) and lasted six months. The patients received timolol 0.5 % + travoprost 0.004 % (group1), timolol 0.5 % + brimonidine 0.2 % (group 2), timolol 0.5 %+brinzolamide 1 % (group 3) and timolol 0.5 % + pilocarpin 2 % (group 4). Results. All fixed drug combinations compared were found to produce a hypotensive effect in the treatment of POAG patients. Over 6 months, IOP dropped by 20.6 % to 33.1 % against the initial level. The best and the longest-lasting effect was achieved when the first combination, timolol+travoprost (jointly called duotrav), was used. Conclusion. The Duotrav combination should be prescribed for long-term treatment of POAG and ocular hypertension. Timolol + brimonidine and timolol + brinzolamide are the most effective in short-term therapy of POAG and ocular hypertension, as well as in the pre-operative period prior to surgeries of glaucoma with high IOP. After normal IOP values have been obtained, the patient should be prescribed Duotrav, which is a more stable combination. Travoprost 0.004 %/timolol with 0.5 % is more effective, stabile and safe combination and recommend for long-term therapy of. Even though the combination of timolol and pilocarpin is not generally recommended for POAG therapy, it can be used for short-term inexpensive POAG and ocular hypertension treatment // Russian Ophthalmological Journal, 2016; 4: 5-10. doi: 10.21516/2072-0076-2016-9-4-5-10.