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1. The ITER Equatorial Visible/Infra-Red Wide Angle Viewing System: Status of design and R&D

Author: Delphine Keller, V. Martin, Esther Rincon, P. Martín, Christophe Guillon, S. Salasca, Eric Gauthier, C. Hidalgo, Yann Corre, Rafael Vila, Roger Reichle, Yannick Peneliau, Luis Rios, A. Manzanares, M. Proust, Frederic Le Guern, Frederic Micolon, S. Larroque, Florence Labasse, Fernando Mota, Marc Ferlet, Javier Alonso, Fabrice Benoit, Marie-Hélène Aumeunier, David Blanchet, T. Loarer, E. Delchambre, José L. Pablos, Bertrand Peluso, M. Medrano, Didier van Houtte, Bruno Cantone, and Eduardo de La Cal
Subjects: Sight, Electronic system-level design and verification, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Conceptual design, Mechanical Engineering, Shutter, Divertor, Detector, Systems engineering, General Materials Science, Port (computer networking), Civil and Structural Engineering, Compensation (engineering)
Abstract: The Equatorial Visible/Infra-Red Wide Angle Viewing System (WAVS) is one of the ITER key diagnostics owing to its role in machine investment protection through the monitoring of Plasma Facing Components (PFCs) by Infra-Red thermography and visible imaging. Foreseen to be installed in 4 equatorial port plugs to maximize the coverage of divertor, first wall, heating antennas and upper strike zone, the WAVS will likely be composed of 15 lines of sight and 15 optical systems transferring the light along several meters from the PFCs through the port plug and interspace up to detectors located in the port cell. After a conceptual design phase led by ITER Organization, the design is being further developed through a Framework Partnership Agreement signed between the European Domestic Agency, Fusion for Energy, and a consortium gathering CEA, CIEMAT (with INTA as third party) and Bertin Technologies company. The next design step is the System Level Design (SLD) which will enable to consolidate the WAVS specifications as well as the performance realistically achievable (taking into account ITER and project constraints). The SLD has been preceded by a preparatory phase aiming at clarifying the WAVS functions and identifying critical prototyping. The outcomes of this preparatory phase are reported in this paper. First a review by the consortium of the WAVS measurement specifications is presented, for the purpose of a clearer separation of measurement parameters mandatory for machine protection (with stringent requirements) from those relevant for machine control and physics studies. Secondly the main features of the diagnostic are summarized, including a description of its current design, a preliminary analysis of its interfaces and a high level functional analysis. Finally the status of the R&D which may be necessary to validate the diagnostic design is presented. On the one hand, this R&D could consist in testing materials and coatings of optical components to characterize their behavior under the harsh environment of ITER. On the other hand R&D activities could concern prototyping and testing of subsystems of the diagnostic which have been identified as critical, such as the first mirrors and their associated devices (shutter and cleaning system) and the differential movement compensation system.
Published: 2015

2. The WEST project: Testing ITER divertor high heat flux component technology in a steady state tokamak environment

Author: Marianne Richou, Yann Corre, Jérôme Bucalossi, James Paul Gunn, F. Ferlay, Delphine Keller, H. Dougnac, J.-M. Travere, M. Lipa, P. Garin, Rémy Nouailletas, Lena Delpech, D. Douai, A. Pilia, A. Grosman, Ch. Gil, P. Moreau, Patrick Mollard, Frederic Micolon, O. Meyer, C. Fenzi, A. Martinez, S. Larroque, L. Doceul, F. Faisse, F. Samaille, X. Courtois, M. Firdaouss, E. Tsitrone, D. Guilhem, Caroline Hernandez, L. Gargiulo, Eric Nardon, Clarisse Bourdelle, Marc Missirlian, F. Leroux, M. Chantant, D. van Houtte, T. Batal, Ph. Lotte, and S. Salasca
Subjects: Steady state, Tokamak, Mechanical Engineering, Nuclear engineering, Divertor, Flux, Tore Supra, law.invention, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Heat flux, law, Component (UML), Environmental science, General Materials Science, High heat, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: The WEST project recently launched at Cadarache consists in transforming Tore Supra in an X-point divertor configuration while extending its long pulse capability, in order to test the ITER divertor technology. The implementation of a full tungsten actively cooled divertor with plasma facing unit representative of ITER divertor targets will allow addressing risks both in terms of industrial-scale manufacturing and operation of such components. Relevant plasma scenarios are foreseen for extensive testing under high heat load in the 10–20 MW/m2 range and ITER-like fluences (1000 s pulses). Plasma facing unit monitoring and development of protection strategies will be key elements of the WEST program. WEST is scheduled to enter into operation in 2016, and will provide a key facility to prepare and be prepared for ITER.
Published: 2014

3. IR thermography diagnostics for the WEST project

Author: Frederic Micolon, M. Joanny, M.-H. Aumeunier, S. Salasca, H. Roche, M. Jouve, X. Courtois, and C. Balorin
Subjects: Ir thermography, Tokamak, Mechanical Engineering, Nuclear engineering, Divertor, Tore Supra, Water leak, law.invention, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, Material Degradation, Thermography, General Materials Science, Civil and Structural Engineering, Safety monitoring
Abstract: To operate long plasma discharge in tokamak equipped with actively cooled plasma facing components (PFC), infrared (IR) thermography is a key diagnostic. Indeed IR data are used for both PFC safety monitoring, to avoid material degradation and water leak, and various physics studies on plasma-wall interaction. The IR monitoring is becoming even more crucial with today metallic PFCs. This is the case for the WEST project (Tungsten (W) Environment for Steady State Tokamak), which aims at installing a W divertor in Tore Supra (TS), in order to operate the 1st tokamak with a full W actively cooled divertor in long plasma discharges. The IR thermography system for the WEST project described in this paper will consist of a set of 3 different diagnostics: (1) Six cameras located in upper ports viewing the full W divertor, which reuse a part of the existing diagnostic of TS. (2) Five novel views located behind the inner protection panels for the antennas monitoring, based on an innovative imaging fibers bundle technology. (3) A tangential wide angle view located in a median port, for the upper divertor and first wall monitoring.
Published: 2014

4. The WEST Project: Challenges of Diagnostic Integration

Author: Pascal Devynck, Dominique Raulin, Emmanuelle Tsitrone, Jérôme Bucalossi, P. Lotte, F. Samaille, James Paul Gunn, C. Gil, Philippe Jacques Moreau, Jean-Pierre Chenevois, Marie-Hélène Aumeunier, Bruno Cantone, Marc Missirlian, X. Courtois, O. Meyer, J.-Y. Pascal, Lena Delpech, J. C. Giacalone, Yann Corre, S. Salasca, Christel Fenzi, Jean-Claude Patterlini, Maryline Joanny, and Frederic Micolon
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Computer science, business.industry, Divertor, Tore Supra, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention, Upgrade, law, Special care, Aerospace engineering, business, High heat
Abstract: The W -for tungsten- environment in steady-state tokamak (WEST) project consists in transforming the French tokamak Tore Supra into an X-point divertor one and aims at testing the ITER technology of actively cooled high heat flux tungsten components during ITER-relevant long pulses. In addition to the integration in the vacuum vessel of a lower divertor and an upper one, this metamorphosis has a strong impact on diagnostics initially present in Tore Supra. Indeed, the introduction of a divertor in the upper part of the machine leads to block the lines of sight (LOS) of diagnostics previously installed in the upper ports. Therefore, new diagnostics playing a paramount role for the safe tokamak operation need to be implemented, such as an infrared (IR) thermography diagnostic for the protection of plasma-facing components (PFCs) and heating antennas, and a visible spectroscopy system for the protection of tungsten PFCs. Besides, several existing diagnostics need to be modified to adapt their LOS to the new divertor targets and plasma shape. This paper presents the main issues linked to the integration of diagnostics deriving from the WEST project. First, the changes involved by the upgrade on the set of diagnostics currently implemented in Tore Supra are described. Then, a particular focus is put on the integration of the two new optical systems, namely the IR system and the visible spectroscopy one. These two systems being located within the vacuum vessel, a special care must be paid to their design, to allow them to withstand their harsh environmental conditions. Other new or updated fundamental diagnostics are also briefly presented. Finally, the resulting new implementation of diagnostics envisaged to reach the scientific and technological goals of the WEST project is described.
Published: 2014

5. Results of an integration study of a diagnostics port plug in ITER

Author: P. Varela, Gabor Porempovics, Bruno Cantone, G. Kocsis, Michael Walsh, A. Grosman, B. Esposito, Guillaume Perrollaz, Fabio Moro, S. Salasca, C. Hidalgo, K. Patel, Rosaria Villari, Maurizio Angelone, Daniele Morocco, Daniel Nagy, Yuri Krivchenkov, Esther Rincon, Angelone, M., Villari, R., Morocco, D., Moro, F., and Esposito, B.
Subjects: Tokamak, Port plugs, Computer science, Integration, Mechanical engineering, Port (circuit theory), computer.software_genre, law.invention, law, ITER, Shield, Metallic materials, General Materials Science, Plug-in, Diagnostic, Spark plug, Diagnostics, Civil and Structural Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Shield module, Shield modules, Port plug, Radiation shielding, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Electromagnetic shielding, computer
Abstract: Diagnostics in ITER are mandatory to characterize the parameters of plasma and study its interactions with plasma-facing components. Diagnostics components in the vicinity of the plasma are supported by metallic structures called port plugs. At the tokamak mid-plane, these components are installed in port plugs through intermediate structures called drawers. Apart from hosting the diagnostics, the port plugs act as shielding against neutrons and gammas, in order to limit the nuclear loads in crucial components (such as diagnostics and superconducting coils) as well as the dose levels in the controlled zones of the tokamak. The radiation shielding function of the port plugs is ensured through an optimized mixture of heavy metallic materials and water, forming shielding blocks surrounding the diagnostics and called Diagnostic Shield Modules (DSMs). These DSMs constitute the rear part of the drawers (the front part being composed of the Diagnostic First Wall). This paper presents the main results of a study performed in Europe on the integration of a particular diagnostics port plug, the Equatorial Port Plug 1 (EPP1). The paper first provides the results of the EPP1 diagnostics integration analysis. In a second step it focuses on the design of the EPP1 DSMs and summarizes the major results of a thorough set of analyses aiming at studying the DSMs behaviour under different loads, suggesting recommendations to improve their current design. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2013

6. Impact of the layout of the ITER Radial Neutron Camera in-port system on the measurement of the neutron emissivity profile

Author: Daniele Marocco, G. Brolatti, S. Salasca, Bruno Cantone, Fabio Moro, R. Villari, Basilio Esposito, Villari, R., Brolatti, G., Esposito, B., Moro, F., and Marocco, D.
Subjects: Physics, Neutron transport, Design, business.industry, Neutronic, Mechanical Engineering, Detector, Equatorial Port Plug, ITER, Neutronics, Radial Neutron Camera, Analysis, Port (circuit theory), Collimated light, Core (optical fiber), Optics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Neutron flux, Emissivity, General Materials Science, Neutron, business, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: The Radial Neutron Camera (RNC), located in the ITER Equatorial Port Plug 1 (EPP1), is designed to provide the neutron emissivity profile through the measurement of the neutron flux along several collimated channels. The present design of the RNC is based on collimating structures: an ex-port system viewing the plasma core and an in-port system composed by two detector cassettes viewing the upper and lower plasma edges. A design of the EPP1 in which the diagnostics are installed in three completely independent vertical drawers is under study. In this frame, space optimization and integration issues suggest two possible solutions for the layout of the in-port RNC cassettes: the first one in which both cassettes are located in a side drawer; the second one in which the two cassettes lie in the central drawer, on opposite sides of the ex-port RNC cut-out. This paper describes the work performed to assess the impact of the two different in-port system layouts on the capability of the RNC to measure the neutron emissivity profile by means of MCNP and diagnostic performance calculations. The results of the analysis provide guidelines for the integration of the RNC into the EPP1 showing that the proximity of the in-port cassettes to the ex-port cut-out strongly increases the amount of uncollimated and scattered neutrons at the detector positions, thus reducing the diagnostic measurement capability. © 2013 Euratom-ENEA Association sulla Fusione.
Published: 2013

7. Neutronic analysis of the ITER Equatorial Port Plug 1

Author: S. Salasca, Daniele Marocco, G. Brolatti, Bruno Cantone, Fabio Moro, M. Dapena-Febrer, L. Petrizzi, Basilio Esposito, and R. Villari
Subjects: Physics, Neutron transport, Spectrometer, Mechanical Engineering, Nuclear engineering, Divertor, Port (circuit theory), law.invention, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, Neutron flux, Electromagnetic shielding, General Materials Science, Neutron, Spark plug, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: The ITER Equatorial Port 1 will host the following diagnostic systems: the Radial Neutron Camera (RNC), the High Resolution Neutron Spectrometer (HRNS), the Gamma Ray Spectrometer, the Hard X-Rays Monitor, the Pressure Gauges, the Bolometers, the Equatorial Visible/Infrared Wide Angle Viewing System (WAVS), the Neutron Flux Monitor (NFM), the Motional Stark Effect (MSE) system and the Divertor Impurity Monitor (DIM). These diagnostics are integrated inside the Port Plug, a water-cooled stainless steel support structure, which also includes Diagnostic Shielding Modules, designed to provide enough radiation shielding capabilities, to protect the diagnostic systems and to reduce the dose level in the Port Interspace. A new concept for the design of the Port Plug is under consideration: it is based on the installation of the diagnostics inside vertical drawers, completely independent from each other, that are inserted in the Port Plug structure through guiding rails. The paper presents the results of three-dimensional neutronic analyses performed with MCNP5 Monte Carlo code in support of the Port Plug design and integration. The reference ITER MCNP 40° model “Alite” has been updated including the details of the drawers and three diagnostics. Nuclear heating radial profiles have been produced for different toroidal and poloidal positions to be used as input for thermal and thermo-mechanical analyses. 3-D Neutron flux maps have been calculated in order to assess the effect of radiation streaming through all gaps (between the drawers, around the Port Plug and along the diagnostic penetrations) and to provide an estimate of the shielding effectiveness of the new Port Plug concept.
Published: 2012

8. Achievements on Engineering and Manufacturing of ITER First-Mirror Mock-ups

Author: C. Thellier, J. J. Fermé, S. Salasca, Laurent Marot, Ernst Meyer, J.-M. Travere, M. Joanny, G. Gallay, and C. Cammarata
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, business.industry, Polishing, Plasma, Surface finish, Sputter deposition, engineering.material, Condensed Matter Physics, Optics, Coating, Surface roughness, engineering, Plasma diagnostics, business, Adaptive optics
Abstract: Most of ITER optical diagnostics will be equipped with in-vessel metallic mirrors as plasma viewing components. These mirrors will be exposed to severe plasma environment and must withstand these conditions without change of their optical properties. This implies important research and developments on the design and manufacturing of such components. Therefore, investigations on engineering and manufacturing have been carried out on diagnostic mirrors toward the development of full-scale stainless steel and TZM (Mo-based alloy) ITER mirrors. Several-micrometer coatings of rhodium and molybdenum have been deposited on the components to ensure long-lasting of the mirrors exposed to an environment which could be dominated by charge-exchange neutral flux. Three major issues have been addressed and reported in this paper: First, investigations have been performed on the design and manufacturing of the integrated cooling system to limit the mirror optical surface deformation due to radiations from the plasma and nuclear heating. For the thermomechanical design of the mock-ups, a plasma radiation flux of 0.5 MW/m2 and a neutron head load of 7 MW/m3 have been considered. Second, the polishing capability of full-scale (109 mm in diameter) metallic mirrors has been demonstrated: The mock-up surface front error is lower than 0.1 μm root mean square, and the mirrors exhibit low roughness (Ra
Published: 2012

9. Recent technical advancements of the ITER Equatorial Visible/InfraRed Diagnostic

Author: Sarah Dastrevigne, Hugo Arnichand, Miguel Dapena, Christian Dechelle, Gilles Belhabib, S. Salasca, and Vivien Legrand
Subjects: Nuclear heating, Infrared, Computer science, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Detector, Port (computer networking), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Visible infrared, Visible range, General Materials Science, Aerospace engineering, business, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: The Equatorial Visible/InfraRed Diagnostic is one of the key diagnostics of ITER, due to its crucial role for the machine protection, through the determination of plasma facing components temperatures (infrared range) and the first wall survey (visible range). Due to its location (close to the plasma) and its complexity (two types of wavelength must be transferred from the plasma to the detectors), the development of this diagnostic needs to address a lot of non-trivial issues. Significant technical advancements have been performed since a few years. This paper focuses on the recent progress made on the design and integration of the diagnostic. After a short description of the system, this paper shows the changes proposed for its integration in the port plugs where it is installed and the improvements brought to its design. It also presents the first results of a neutronic analysis which aims at optimizing the geometry of the dog leg mirrors forming a labyrinth for the neutrons in the port plug.
Published: 2011

10. Development of equatorial visible/infrared wide angle viewing system and radial neutron camera for ITER

Author: Tonio Pinna, Chris Walker, Luigino Petrizzi, Luciano Bertalot, Yuri Kaschuck, S. Salasca, R. Villari, C. Hidalgo, Yann Corre, Florian Pasdeloup, Szilveszter Tulipan, Rafael Vila, Basilio Esposito, J.M. Travere, A. Manzanares, Daniele Marocco, Carlos A. Silva, Eduardo de La Cal, Gabor Hordosy, G. Brolatti, Andre Neto, Fabio Moro, Maryline Davi, Sandor Recsei, José L. Pablos, Marco Riva, Christian Ingesson, Daniel Nagy, Christian Dechelle, and Roger Reichle
Subjects: Physics, Tokamak, Plasma parameters, business.industry, Infrared, Mechanical Engineering, Port (circuit theory), Fusion power, law.invention, Optics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, Visible infrared, General Materials Science, Development (differential geometry), Neutron, business, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: The exploitation of ITER tokamak will require diagnostics for machine protection, inputs to plasma control systems, evaluation and analysis of plasma parameters and performances. The equatorial visible/infrared wide angle viewing system and the radial neutron camera are the two main diagnostics of Procurement Package 11 (PP11), one of the diagnostic procurements under the responsibility of Europe, which also contains Equatorial Port Plug 1 and seven other diagnostics supplied by Europe or other ITER partners and integrated in the same Port Plug. Significant progress has recently been made in the development of the equatorial visible/infrared wide angle viewing system and the radial neutron camera. This paper gives an overview of the major technical achievements on these two diagnostics and points out the urgent needed R&D activities.
Published: 2009

11. ITER CODAC interface for the visible and infra-red wide angle viewing cameras

Author: Horacio Fernandes, J.B. Lister, Jorge Sousa, Andre Neto, Carlos A. Silva, C. Hidalgo, José L. Pablos, S. Salasca, and J.M. Travere
Subjects: Tokamak, Infrared, business.industry, Computer science, Mechanical Engineering, Interface (computing), ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Fusion power, law.invention, Optics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, General Materials Science, Plant system, business, Host (network), Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: The amount of data generated by the infra-red and visible cameras at ITER is expected to be considerably larger than most diagnostics. ITER will have 12 infra-red cameras plus 12 visible cameras in four different equatorial port plugs. Each of the ports will have a Plant System Host (PSH) that will provide a standard image of the plant system to the ITER's Control and Data Access and Communication (CODAC) system.
Published: 2009

12. Engineering activities on the ITER representative diagnostic equatorial port plug

Author: L. Doceul, Vincent Pilard, L. Meunier, Chris Walker, S. Salasca, J.-P. Martins, Alexis Terra, E. Ciattaglia, Pierre Bidaud, Mathieu Ogéa, Christian Dechelle, and F. Jullien
Subjects: Tokamak, Computer science, Mechanical Engineering, Mechanical engineering, Port (computer networking), Finite element method, law.invention, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Closure (computer programming), law, Shield, Electromagnetic shielding, Water cooling, General Materials Science, Spark plug, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: Most of ITER diagnostic systems are integrated in port plugs, which are water cooled stainless steel structures inserted into the vacuum vessel ports. The port plug must provide basic functions such as neutron and gamma shielding, supporting the first wall armour (BSM), closing the vacuum vessel ports, while supporting the diagnostic equipments. ITER diagnostic port plug must resist a severe environment like high temperature due to neutron interaction with the structures and high electromechanical loading during disruptions events. CEA has contributed to the design and integration tasks in the frame of the representative equatorial port plug EQ#01, in particular on the engineering, structural and thermal finite element analysis. These detailed analyses have highlighted some design issues which were worked out through different solutions. This paper contains a description of the engineering activities performed such as: - The static mechanical calculations of the top plate closure system under disruption load. - The static mechanical calculations of the BSM attachment to the port plug. These two first studies led to design changes proposals which significantly improved the behaviour of the structures but also showed that the safety margin with respect to design limits is quite low. - The design of a Diagnostic Shield Module (DSM) integrated inside the port plug and a proposition of attachment scheme, with respect to disruption loads. The manufacturing of the DSM has been taken into account, as well as diagnostic integration inside the structure and maintenance aspects. - The thermal assessment of the port plug under neutronic load during normal operation, with the optimization of the cooling system. The maximum temperature calculated in normal operation has been reduced from 900 °C to less than 400 °C in the front plate; and the cooling arrangement at the back of the port plug has been simplified without important temperature increase.
Published: 2009

13. CEA engineering studies and integration of the ITER diagnostic port plugs

Author: G. Tremblay, Christian Ingesson, L. Doceul, C. Bruyere, Ph. Chappuis, E. Ciattaglia, E. Thomas, Chris Walker, C. Portafaix, and S. Salasca
Subjects: Armour, Computer science, Mechanical Engineering, Nuclear engineering, Blanket, Structural dynamics, Port (computer networking), law.invention, Engineering studies, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Conceptual design, law, Electromagnetic shielding, General Materials Science, Spark plug, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: Most of the ITER diagnostic system is integrated in port plugs, which are water cooled stainless steel structures inserted into the vacuum-vessel ports. The port plug must perform basic functions such as providing neutron and gamma shielding, supporting the first wall armour and shielding blanket material, closing the vacuum vessel ports, while supporting the diagnostic equipment. CEA has contributed to the engineering activities on the port plugs and has more particularly focused on the design and diagnostic integration in the representative equatorial port plug Eq#01. The specific CEA contributions have been the engineering, structural and thermal analysis. These detailed analyses have highlighted some design issues which were worked out through different solutions. This paper contains a description of the engineering activities performed such as: the conceptual design of the Eq#01 port plug, the static mechanical calculations, the dynamic calculation to estimate the dynamic amplification factor due to the resonance phenomenon, the thermal assessment under the neutronic load and the seismic response of the port plug inside the vacuum vessel.
Published: 2007

14. The Mid-Infrared Instrument for the James Webb Space Telescope, III: MIRIM, The MIRI Imager

Author: G. Olofsson, F. Gougnaud, Karl D. Gordon, Samuel Ronayette, C. H. R. Chen, Didier Leboeuf, M. García-Marín, Etienne Renotte, Y. Longval, Martyn Wells, Tom Ray, Daniel Dicken, P. Bouchet, Pierre Guillard, Kay Justtanont, Alistair Glasse, Oliver Krause, J. Sykes, P. O. Lagage, E. Bauwens, Ph. Galdemard, M. P. Thelen, Jean-Michel Reess, Laurent Martin, Emmanuel Mazy, Ö. H. Detre, Silvia Scheithauer, David W. Wright, R. Gastaud, J. L. Auguères, Jérôme Amiaux, Michael E. Ressler, J. A. D. L. Blommaert, V. Moreau, Didier Dubreuil, G. S. Wright, S. Salasca, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physics, Astrophysics, and Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Group
Subjects: Pixel, Spectrometer, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Wavelength range, Low resolution, James Webb Space Telescope, Mid infrared, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Operational requirements, Space and Planetary Science, Mechanical design, Environmental science, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Remote sensing
Abstract: In this article, we describe the MIRI Imager module (MIRIM), which provides broad-band imaging in the 5 - 27 microns wavelength range for the James Webb Space Telescope. The imager has a 0"11 pixel scale and a total unobstructed view of 74"x113". The remainder of its nominal 113"x113" field is occupied by the coronagraphs and the low resolution spectrometer. We present the instrument optical and mechanical design. We show that the test data, as measured during the test campaigns undertaken at CEA-Saclay, at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, and at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, indicate that the instrument complies with its design requirements and goals. We also discuss the operational requirements (multiple dithers and exposures) needed for optimal scientific utilization of the MIRIM., Comment: 29 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2015

15. Langmuir probes design for the actively cooled divertor baffle in WEST

Author: J. P. Gunn, T. Batal, S. Salasca, Jean-Yves Pascal, Giuseppe Di Gironimo, Yann Corre, Maurizio Cacace, Cacace, Maurizio, Batal, Tristan, Corre, Yann, Di Gironimo, Giuseppe, Gunn, Jamie P., Pascal, Jean-Yve, and Salasca, Sophie
Subjects: Tokamak, Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Nuclear engineering, Divertor, Baffle, Plasma, Tore Supra, law.invention, symbols.namesake, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, symbols, Limiter, Langmuir probe, Electron temperature, General Materials Science, WEST, Tore Supra, Diagnostics, Divertor, Baffle, Langmuir probes, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: The WEST project (W-Environment in Steady-State Tokamak) aims to transform the Tore Supra limiter configuration to an x-point divertor, providing a test bed for ITER-like plasma-facing components (actively cooled W monoblocs) under high heat flux, steady-state plasma irradiation. The lower divertor includes an actively cooled, W-coated CuCrZr baffle to provide neutral compression and improve particle exhaust. As part of the new diagnostic equipment of Tore Supra within WEST project, a set of Langmuir probes will find place on the baffle in order to provide plasma flux and electron temperature measurements for physics studies and real-time machine protection functions during steady-state discharges. On the baffle top surface, irradiation coming from the plasma, energetic ripple-ions losses, photons and energetic neutrals from charge exchange reactions produce power fluxes up to 3 MW/m2, representing a challenge for the Langmuir probes operating conditions. In this paper Copper–Chrome–Zirconium (CuCrZr) cylindrical probe concept design is proposed. Finite element thermo-mechanical analysis (FEA) confirmed the consistency of this solution under the steady-state plasma condition in the worst case (highest thermal load).
Published: 2015

16. Diagnostic integration issues in the tore supra upgrade project WEST

Author: S. Salasca, E. Tsitrone, M.-H. Aumeunier, J.-Y. Pascal, J. P. Gunn, C. Gil, F. Samaille, X. Courtois, J. P. Chenevois, P. Devynck, Ph. Lotte, Jérôme Bucalossi, O. Meyer, Frederic Micolon, Lena Delpech, C. Fenzi, Yann Corre, J. C. Giacalone, Ph. Moreau, Marc Missirlian, D. Raulin, and M. Joanny
Subjects: Engineering, Tokamak, Plasma heating, business.industry, Divertor, Tore Supra, law.invention, Upgrade, law, Forensic engineering, Plasma diagnostics, Special care, Aerospace engineering, business, High heat
Abstract: The WEST project (W - for tungsten - Environment in Steady-state Tokamak) consists in transforming the French tokamak Tore Supra into an X-point divertor one and aims at testing the ITER technology of actively cooled high heat flux tungsten components during ITER-relevant long pulses. In addition to the integration in the vacuum vessel of a lower divertor and an upper one, this metamorphosis has a strong impact on diagnostics initially present in Tore Supra. Indeed the introduction of a divertor in the upper part of the machine leads to block the lines of sight of diagnostics previously installed in the upper ports. Therefore new diagnostics playing a paramount role for the safe tokamak operation need to be implemented, such as an infrared thermography diagnostic for the protection of plasma-facing components (PFCs) and heating antennas, and a visible spectroscopy system for the protection of tungsten PFCs. Besides several existing diagnostics need to be modified to adapt their lines of sight to the new divertor targets and plasma shape. This paper presents the main issues linked to the integration of diagnostics deriving from the WEST upgrade project. First the changes involved by the upgrade on the set of diagnostics currently implemented in Tore Supra are described. Then a particular focus is put on the integration of the two new optical systems, namely the infrared system and the visible spectroscopy one. These two systems being located within the vacuum vessel, a special care must be paid to their design, to allow them to withstand their harsh environmental conditions. Other new or updated fundamental diagnostics are also briefly presented. Finally the resulting new implementation of diagnostics envisaged to reach the scientific and technological goals of the WEST project is described.
Published: 2013

17. Thermo-mechanical analysis of ITER first mirrors and its use for the ITER equatorial visible∕infrared wide angle viewing system optical design

Author: C. Thellier, Laurent Marot, B. Cantone, S. Salasca, G. Perrollaz, M. Joanny, C. Zeile, O. Buravand, J.-M. Travere, J. J. Fermé, and M. Dapena
Subjects: Radiation flux, Materials science, Infrared, Nuclear engineering, Water cooling, Neutron, Plasma diagnostics, Plasma, Deformation (meteorology), Instrumentation, Particle detector
Abstract: ITER first mirrors (FMs), as the first components of most ITER optical diagnostics, will be exposed to high plasma radiation flux and neutron load. To reduce the FMs heating and optical surface deformation induced during ITER operation, the use of relevant materials and cooling system are foreseen. The calculations led on different materials and FMs designs and geometries (100 mm and 200 mm) show that the use of CuCrZr and TZM, and a complex integrated cooling system can limit efficiently the FMs heating and reduce their optical surface deformation under plasma radiation flux and neutron load. These investigations were used to evaluate, for the ITER equatorial port visible/infrared wide angle viewing system, the impact of the FMs properties change during operation on the instrument main optical performances. The results obtained are presented and discussed.
Published: 2012

18. Contribution of Tore Supra in preparation of ITER

Author: B. Saoutic, J. Abiteboul, L. Allegretti, S. Allfrey, J.M. Ané, T. Aniel, A. Argouarch, J.F. Artaud, M.H. Aumenier, S. Balme, V. Basiuk, O. Baulaigue, P. Bayetti, A. Bécoulet, M. Bécoulet, M.S. Benkadda, F. Benoit, G. Berger-by, J.M. Bernard, B. Bertrand, P. Beyer, A. Bigand, J. Blum, D. Boilson, G. Bonhomme, H. Bottollier-Curtet, C. Bouchand, F. Bouquey, C. Bourdelle, S. Bourmaud, C. Brault, S. Brémond, C. Brosset, J. Bucalossi, Y. Buravand, P. Cara, V. Catherine-Dumont, A. Casati, M. Chantant, M. Chatelier, G. Chevet, D. Ciazynski, G. Ciraolo, F. Clairet, M. Coatanea-Gouachet, L. Colas, L. Commin, E. Corbel, Y. Corre, X. Courtois, R. Dachicourt, M. Dapena Febrer, M. Davi Joanny, R. Daviot, H. De Esch, J. Decker, P. Decool, P. Delaporte, E. Delchambre, E. Delmas, L. Delpech, C. Desgranges, P. Devynck, T. Dittmar, L. Doceul, D. Douai, H. Dougnac, J.L. Duchateau, B. Dugué, N. Dumas, R. Dumont, A. Durocher, F.X. Duthoit, A. Ekedahl, D. Elbeze, M. El Khaldi, F. Escourbiac, F. Faisse, G. Falchetto, M. Farge, J.L. Farjon, M. Faury, N. Fedorczak, C. Fenzi-Bonizec, M. Firdaouss, Y. Frauel, X. Garbet, J. Garcia, J.L. Gardarein, L. Gargiulo, P. Garibaldi, E. Gauthier, O. Gaye, A. Géraud, M. Geynet, P. Ghendrih, I. Giacalone, S. Gibert, C. Gil, G. Giruzzi, M. Goniche, V. Grandgirard, C. Grisolia, G. Gros, A. Grosman, R. Guigon, D. Guilhem, B. Guillerminet, R. Guirlet, J. Gunn, O. Gurcan, S. Hacquin, J.C. Hatchressian, P. Hennequin, C. Hernandez, P. Hertout, S. Heuraux, J. Hillairet, G.T. Hoang, C. Honore, M. Houry, T. Hutter, P. Huynh, G. Huysmans, F. Imbeaux, E. Joffrin, J. Johner, L. Jourd'Heuil, Y.S. Katharria, D. Keller, S.H. Kim, M. Kocan, M. Kubic, B. Lacroix, V. Lamaison, G. Latu, Y. Lausenaz, C. Laviron, F. Leroux, L. Letellier, M. Lipa, X. Litaudon, T. Loarer, P. Lotte, S. Madeleine, P. Magaud, P. Maget, R. Magne, L. Manenc, Y. Marandet, G. Marbach, J.L. Maréchal, L. Marfisi, C. Martin, G. Martin, V. Martin, A. Martinez, J.P. Martins, R. Masset, D. Mazon, N. Mellet, L. Mercadier, A. Merle, D. Meshcheriakov, O. Meyer, L. Million, M. Missirlian, P. Mollard, V. Moncada, P. Monier-Garbet, D. Moreau, P. Moreau, L. Morini, M. Nannini, M. Naiim Habib, E. Nardon, H. Nehme, C. Nguyen, S. Nicollet, R. Nouilletas, T. Ohsako, M. Ottaviani, S. Pamela, H. Parrat, P. Pastor, A.L. Pecquet, B. Pégourié, Y. Peysson, I. Porchy, C. Portafaix, M. Preynas, M. Prou, J.M. Raharijaona, N. Ravenel, C. Reux, P. Reynaud, M. Richou, H. Roche, P. Roubin, R. Sabot, F. Saint-Laurent, S. Salasca, F. Samaille, A. Santagiustina, Y. Sarazin, A. Semerok, J. Schlosser, M. Schneider, M. Schubert, F. Schwander, J.L. Ségui, G. Selig, P. Sharma, J. Signoret, A. Simonin, S. Song, E. Sonnendruker, F. Sourbier, P. Spuig, P. Tamain, M. Tena, J.M. Theis, D. Thouvenin, A. Torre, J.M. Travère, E. Tsitrone, J.C. Vallet, E. Van Der Plas, A. Vatry, J.M. Verger, L. Vermare, F. Villecroze, D. Villegas, R. Volpe, K. Vulliez, J. Wagrez, T. Wauters, L. Zani, D. Zarzoso, X.L. Zou, Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMaP), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dept. Accelerateurs - XFEL, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut universitaire des systèmes thermiques industriels (IUSTI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Matériaux et Mécanique des Composants (EDF R&D MMC), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Association EURATOM-CEA (CEA/DSM/DRFC), Département de Recherche sur la Fusion Contrôlée (DRFC), Laboratoire d'Interaction Laser Matière (LILM), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, School of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Division, ITER organization (ITER), CEA Cadarache, Centre de Thermique de Lyon (CETHIL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEA ISIS, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques de la Ville - FR 2488 (IRSTV), Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-EC. ARCHIT. NANTES-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eau et Environnement (IFSTTAR/GERS/EE), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre of Molecular and Structural Biomedicine (CBME)/Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), University of Algarve [Portugal], Laboratoire Lasers, Plasmas et Procédés photoniques (LP3), Centre d'Histoire 'Espaces et Cultures' (CHEC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers (CRCNA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Laennec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Faculté de Médecine d'Angers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre d'investigation clinique en cancérologie (CI2C), IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] (MATEIS), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire d'Etude des Matériaux en Milieux Agressifs (LEMMA), Université de La Rochelle (ULR), CMCR des Massues, Croix rouge française, Laboratoire Procédés et Ingénierie en Mécanique et Matériaux (PIMM), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et Procédés Propres (M2P2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Réserve Naturelle Nationale Baie St-Brieuc, Réserves Naturelles de France-Réserves Naturelles de France, Géoazur (GEOAZUR 6526), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Direction des Jardins botaniques et zoologiques, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Department of Information Technology (INTEC), Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Ambiente e per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile (DIASS), Dipartimento Ingn Ambiente & Sviluppo Soste, Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Equipe Dynamique des Systemes Complexes, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1, Technische Universität Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Laboratoire de physique des milieux ionisés et applications (LPMIA), Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (UNICANCER/CRCL), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Service de Chimie Physique (SCP), Laboratoire des Adaptations Physiologiques aux Activités Physiques (LAPHAP), Université de Poitiers, Institut d'Electronique du Solide et des Systèmes ( InESS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique ( IRFM ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés ( SIMaP ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) ( LMD ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -École polytechnique ( X ) -École des Ponts ParisTech ( ENPC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies ( FEMTO-ST ), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard ( UTBM ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques ( ENSMM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institut universitaire des systèmes thermiques industriels ( IUSTI ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ), EDF - R&D Department MMC and MAI, EDF R&D ( EDF R&D ), EDF ( EDF ) -EDF ( EDF ), Association EURATOM-CEA ( CEA/DSM/DRFC ), Département de Recherche sur la Fusion Contrôlée ( DRFC ), Laboratoire d'Interaction Laser Matière ( LILM ), Département de Physico-Chimie ( DPC ), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas ( LPP ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Observatoire de Paris-École polytechnique ( X ) -Sorbonne Universités-PSL Research University ( PSL ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Jean Lamour ( IJL ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) ( DPHN ), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers ( IRFU ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, ITER [St. Paul-lez-Durance], ITER, Centre de Thermique de Lyon ( CETHIL ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Electronique et des Technologies de l'Information ( CEA-LETI ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Grenoble Alpes [Saint Martin d'Hères], Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand ( ICCF ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Sigma CLERMONT ( Sigma CLERMONT ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques de la Ville ( IRSTV ), Université d'Angers ( UA ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ) -École Centrale de Nantes ( ECN ) -Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -EC. ARCHIT. NANTES-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Eau et Environnement ( IFSTTAR/GERS/EE ), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux ( IFSTTAR ) -PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans ( UNAM ), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires ( PIIM ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies ( LIST ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier ( ISEM ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Lasers, Plasmas et Procédés photoniques ( LP3 ), Centre d'Histoire 'Espaces et Cultures' ( CHEC ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ), École des hautes études en sciences sociales ( EHESS ), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes ( CHU Nantes ), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie / Nantes - Angers ( CRCNA ), CHU Angers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes ( CHU Nantes ) -Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Hôpital Laennec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Faculté de Médecine d'Angers, Centre d'investigation clinique en cancérologie ( CI2C ), IFP Energies nouvelles ( IFPEN ), Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] ( MATEIS ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution ( ESE ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Etude des Matériaux en Milieux Agressifs ( LEMMA ), Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes ( ISCR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Croix-rouge française, Procédés et Ingénierie en Mécanique et Matériaux [Paris] ( PIMM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] ( CNAM ), Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique - Laboratoire d'Hyperfréquences et Caractérisation ( IMEP-LAHC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et Procédés Propres ( M2P2 ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Ecole Centrale de Marseille ( ECM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Géoazur ( GEOAZUR ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Réserve de la Haute Touche, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ), Department of Information Technology ( INTEC ), Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Ambiente e per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile ( DIASS ), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier ( ICGM ICMMM ), Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier ( ENSCM ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Physique des milieux ionisés et applications ( LPMIA ), Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 ( UHP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon ( CRCL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) ( BRGM ), Catalyse par les métaux, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers ( IC2MP ), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Service de Chimie Physique ( SCP ), Laboratoire des Adaptations Physiologiques aux Activités Physiques ( LAPHAP ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-EC. ARCHIT. NANTES-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Nuclear and High Energy Physics, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], Plasma parameters, Ripple, Plasma, Tore Supra, Collisionality, Condensed Matter Physics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Computational physics, symbols.namesake, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Langmuir probe, Electron temperature, 010306 general physics, Power density
Abstract: International audience; Tore Supra routinely addresses the physics and technology of very long-duration plasma discharges, thus bringing precious information on critical issues of long pulse operation of ITER. A new ITER relevant lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) launcher has allowed coupling to the plasma a power level of 2.7 MW for 78 s, corresponding to a power density close to the design value foreseen for an ITER LHCD system. In accordance with the expectations, long distance (10 cm) power coupling has been obtained. Successive stationary states of the plasma current pro le have been controlled in real-time featuring (i) control of sawteeth with varying plasma parameters, (ii) obtaining and sustaining a `hot core' plasma regime, (iii) recovery from a voluntarily triggered deleterious magnetohydrodynamic regime. The scrape-off layer (SOL) parameters and power deposition have been documented during L-mode ramp-up phase, a crucial point for ITER before the X-point formation. Disruption mitigation studies have been conducted with massive gas injection, evidencing the difference between He and Ar and the possible role of the q = 2 surface in limiting the gas penetration. ICRF assisted wall conditioning in the presence of magnetic eld has been investigated, culminating in the demonstration that this conditioning scheme allows one to recover normal operation after disruptions. The effect of the magnetic eld ripple on the intrinsic plasma rotation has been studied, showing the competition between turbulent transport processes and ripple toroidal friction. During dedicated dimensionless experiments, the effect of varying the collisionality on turbulence wavenumber spectra has been documented, giving new insight into the turbulence mechanism. Turbulence measurements have also allowed quantitatively comparing experimental results with predictions by 5D gyrokinetic codes: numerical results simultaneously match the magnitude of effective heat diffusivity, rms values of density uctuations and wavenumber spectra. A clear correlation between electron temperature gradient and impurity transport in the very core of the plasma has been observed, strongly suggesting the existence of a threshold above which transport is dominated by turbulent electron modes. Dynamics of edge turbulent uctuations has been studied by correlating data from fast imaging cameras and Langmuir probes, yielding a coherent picture of transport processes involved in the SOL.
Published: 2011

19. The ITER VIS/IR wide angle viewing system: Challenges and on-going R&D

Author: Vincent Martin, Monique Thonnat, J-J Ferme, S. Salasca, Francois Bremond, J.-M. Travere, M. Joanny, M. Jouve, M.-H Aumeunier, Laurent Marot, D. Chabaud, and V. Moncada
Subjects: Radiation flux, Tokamak, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Materials science, law, Neutron flux, Nuclear engineering, Divertor, Nuclear fusion, Context (language use), Plasma diagnostics, Fusion power, law.invention
Abstract: The ITER tokamak is the next generation fusion device which will allow studying burning plasma obtained by a Deuterium-Tritium (D-T) fusion reaction during hundreds of seconds. ITER vacuum vessel real-time protection will be mandatory during plasma operation to avoid water leaks and critical plasma facing components degradation. The protection system will be based on a wide angle viewing system (WAVS) composed with 18 visible (VIS) and 18 infrared (IR) cameras covering 80 % of the vacuum vessel which will be one of the major imaging systems of ITER. Compared to protection systems routinely used on current tokamaks and based on imaging (VIS and/or IR), new constraints must be taken into account because of their influence on the system performance: the harsh environment (high neutron flux) and the metallic plasma facing components (both first wall and divertor). In this new demanding context, we have achieved three mandatory R&D studies starting from the understanding of the source of signals by using realistic photonic simulation up to real-time processing strategy taken into account first order optical design constraints to define what type of performance could be reached for ITER vacuum vessel protection.
Published: 2011

20. Progress on the integration of ITER diagnostics equatorial port plugs in Europe

Author: J. Nemeth, Fabio Moro, C. Zeile, D. Nagy, P. Varela, B. Cantone, Basilio Esposito, G. Perrollaz, Daniele Marocco, J.-M. Travere, G. Brolatti, R. Villari, M. Joanny, S. Salasca, M. Dapena, M.-H Aumeunier, and Esther Rincon
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Engineering, Thermonuclear fusion, Installation, Computer science, business.industry, Electromagnetic shielding, Electrical engineering, Mechanical engineering, Port (circuit theory), Plasma diagnostics, Condensed Matter Physics, business
Abstract: Diagnostics in International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) are supported by big structures called port plugs, the second main function of which is to ensure a sufficient shielding against neutrons and gammas. Regarding the integration of diagnostics in equatorial port plugs, a new approach is under study, which consists in installing the diagnostics in “drawers”. This paper describes the recent work which has been performed in Europe on the integration of diagnostics in drawers in the Equatorial Port Plug 1 (EPP1). First, the methodology which has been followed to progress on the integration of the diagnostics in this port plug is described, and the resulting arrangement of diagnostics is shown. Then, a special attention is paid to the integration of the two main diagnostics of EPP1, namely the visible/infrared wide angle viewing system and the radial neutron camera. Finally, the preliminary design of the drawers of EPP1, in particular the shielding modules around the diagnostics, is presented, and the preliminary results of the analyses performed to validate this design are provided.
Published: 2011

21. Achievements on engineering and manufacturing of ITER first mirrors mock-ups

Author: Laurent Marot, C. Cammarata, C. Thellier, J. J. Fermé, J.-M. Travere, Ernst Meyer, S. Salasca, G. Gallay, and M. Joanny
Subjects: Engineering, Important research, Optical diagnostics, Materials preparation, business.industry, Optical materials, Metallurgy, Mechanical engineering, Plasma diagnostics, Mock ups, business, Deuterium plasma, Charge exchange
Abstract: Most of ITER optical diagnostics will be equipped with in-vessel metallic mirrors as plasma viewing components. These mirrors will be exposed to severe plasma environment which implies important research and developments on their design and manufacturing.
Published: 2011

22. Investigation of steady-state tokamak issues by long pulse experiments on Tore Supra

Author: Nicolas Crouseilles, R. Guirlet, J. Hourtoule, W. Xiao, J. L. Gardarein, Frédéric Schwander, E. Delchambre, A. Martinez, F. Bouquey, D. Boilson, M. Richou, L. Allegretti, V. Lamaison, T. Loarer, B. Lacroix, A. Vatry, W. Zwingmann, D. Ciazynski, J. Decker, P. Hertout, A. Bécoulet, R. Abgrall, M. Chatelier, B. Guillerminet, J. Lasalle, Yannick Marandet, M. Lipa, S. Nicollet, C. Reux, F. Benoit, E. Delmas, P. Reynaud, J. Y. Journeaux, F. Jullien, H. Bottollier-Curtet, Y. Buranvand, M. Schneider, D. Moreau, Karl Vulliez, M. Tena, P. Pastor, C. Le Niliot, S. Balme, G. Falchetto, V. Martin, L. Svensson, S. H. Hong, C. Laviron, M. Houry, J. M. Theis, S. Madeleine, T. Hutter, T. Salmon, L. Manenc, C. Bouchand, M. Davi, S. Rosanvallon, N. Dolgetta, Pascale Roubin, Eric Nardon, L.-G. Eriksson, B. Pégourié, D. Douai, O. Chaibi, Patrick Mollard, Didier Mazon, J. P. Gunn, Marie Farge, M. Prou, M. Thonnat, L. Begrambekov, J. Garcia, Philippe Ghendrih, L. Colas, Jacques Blum, J. Clary, P. Spuig, C. Gil, M. Kocan, Ph. Lotte, Paolo Angelino, B. Saoutic, M. Ottaviani, P. Devynck, X. Courtois, L. Doceul, Gilles Berger-By, Patrick Tamain, Marc Missirlian, K. Schneider, Yanick Sarazin, Lena Delpech, J.M. Ané, Pascale Hennequin, A. Durocher, Patrick Maget, P. Huynh, David Henry, P. Decool, Marc Goniche, F. Clairet, Julien Hillairet, A. Geraud, J. Signoret, Stéphane Heuraux, P. Bayetti, T. Gerbaud, X. L. Zou, Y. Peysson, H. Parrat, L. Million, Jérôme Bucalossi, S. Hacquin, Clarisse Bourdelle, F. Samaille, Bernard Bertrand, E. Sonnendruker, G. Chevet, A. Simonin, Ph. Cara, J. L. Maréchal, J. Johner, M. S. Benkadda, J. C. Hatchressian, R. Magne, J. Schlosser, A. Grosman, F. Brémond, R. Masset, Estelle Gauthier, S. Song, G. Giruzzi, M. Nannini, Caroline Hernandez, H.P.L. de Esch, P. Garibaldi, R. J. Dumont, Stanislas Pamela, M. Geynet, C. Nguyen, L. Zani, A. Casati, Cyrille Honoré, G. Gros, Fabrice Rigollet, A. Argouarch, Yann Corre, A. Marcor, H. Dougnac, E. Tsitrone, C. Grisolia, D. Pacella, Guillaume Latu, Céline Martin, T. Aniel, G. Darmet, R. Daviot, J.P. Martins, J. L. Farjon, P. Magaud, A. Ekedahl, Francesca Turco, D. Elbeze, P. Beyer, S. Carpentier, Roger Reichle, F. Faisse, X. Litaudon, R. Guigon, F.G. Rimini, F. Linez, L. Gargiulo, C. Fenzi-Bonizec, G. Marbach, Alexandre Torre, P. Monier-Garbet, N. Ravenel, Laure Vermare, J.-M. Travere, Xavier Garbet, R. Mitteau, H. Roche, C. Desgranges, V. Moncada, F. Villecroze, Jean-François Luciani, G. Ciraolo, F. Kazarian, J. Roth, C. Brosset, F. Saint-Laurent, H. Nehme, T. Parisot, Nicolas Fedorczak, F. Escourbiac, D. Guilhem, J. L. Duchateau, P. Moreau, O. Meyer, D. Yu, A. L. Pecquet, V. Petrzilka, E. Trier, Roland Sabot, G. T. A. Huysmans, G. T. Hoang, E. Joffrin, L. Meunier, P. Chantant, C. Portafaix, D. Voyer, J. C. Vallet, S. Salasca, J. L. Segui, A. Santagiustina, J.F. Artaud, G. Dunand, M. Lennholm, Frederic Imbeaux, V. Grandgirard, A. Escarguel, F. Leroux, Y. Lausenaz, P. Chappuis, V. Basiuk, F. Lott, Hinrich Lütjens, Sylvain Brémond, D. Villegas, Marina Becoulet, Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux (IMB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Association EURATOM-CEA (CEA/DSM/DRFC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), and Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, fusion, Tokamak, MHD, Nuclear engineering, Cyclotron, Ultra-high vacuum, Electron, Tore Supra, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, 52.35, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, Magnetic confinement fusion, plasma heating, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Magnetohydrodynamics
Abstract: The main results of the Tore Supra experimental programme in the years 2007–2008 are reported. They document significant progress achieved in the domain of steady-state tokamak research, as well as in more general issues relevant for ITER and for fusion physics research. Three areas are covered: ITER relevant technology developments and tests in a real machine environment, tokamak operational issues for high power and long pulses, and fusion plasma physics. Results presented in this paper include test and validation of a new, load-resilient concept of ion cycotron resonance heating antenna and of an inspection robot operated under ultra-high vacuum and high temperature conditions; an extensive experimental campaign (5 h of plasma) aiming at deuterium inventory and carbon migration studies; real-time control of sawteeth by electron cyclotron current drive in the presence of fast ion tails; ECRH-assisted plasma start-up studies; dimensionless scalings of transport and turbulence; transport experiments using active perturbation methods; resistive and fast-particle driven MHD studies. The potential role of Tore Supra in the worldwide fusion programme before the start of ITER operation is also discussed.
Published: 2009

23. On the operational specifications and associated R&D for the VIS/IR diagnostic for ITER

Author: Roger Reichle, J.-M. Travere, E. de la Cal, M. Joanny, Yann Corre, S. Salasca, J.L. de Pablos, and A. Manzanares
Subjects: Optics, Robustness (computer science), Computer science, business.industry, Temporal resolution, Calibration, Image processing, business, Image resolution, Luminance, Temperature measurement, Maintenance engineering, Reliability engineering
Abstract: The measurement requirements which have been defined for ITER are being associated to specific diagnostics for which they are guidelines for the development - not technical specifications. As intermediate step we consider the definition of operational specifications and the associated R&D. This step is elucidated here for the example of the Visible and Infrared diagnostic at the equatorial plane of ITER. The measurement requirements are given in terms of temperature and spectral luminance ranges, spatial coverage and temporal and spatial resolution. The operational specifications have to take the harsh environment, the difficulties of the measurements and the operational role of the diagnostic into account. We find three distinct levels of operational performances in ascending order of difficulty to realize but arguably descending order of indispensability for operational purposes: qualitative imaging, quantitative imaging and the deliverance of precise temperature and flux data. This ordering helps us to prioritize the R&D work and the degree of required robustness and availability for certain functions of the diagnostic. The R&D ranges from first mirror and radiation hardness investigations of refractive optical material which is elaborated in some detail here and the development of cognitive image processing for the first level over the development of a multi-color approach and advanced calibration and maintenance methods for the second level to in situ measurements of optical and thermal properties and complex image processing including the use of data from other diagnostics for the third level. Photon-flux modeling and tokamak testing is important for all stages. It seems desirable that the diagnostic should comply from the onset with the second performance level. The third level could be reached later.
Published: 2009

24. Concept And Development Of Instruments For ITER Thermography

Author: R. Reichle, J. M. Badie, C. Balorin, S. Carpentier, Y. Corre, M. Davi, E. Delchambre, C. Desgrange, F. Escourbiac, S. Fougerolle, J. L. Gardarein, E. Gauthier, S. Gicquel, D. Guilhem, D. Hernandez, M. Jouve, C. Le Niliot, Th. Loarer, A. Martin, S. Martinez, J. P. Martins, J. B. Migozzi, J. C. Patterlini, C. Pocheau, F. Rigollet, H. Roche, J. L. Sans, S. Salasca, J. M. Travere, C. Walker, Giuseppe Gorini, Francesco P. Orsitto, Elio Sindoni, and Marco Tardocchi
Subjects: Optics, Materials science, Plasma heating, business.industry, Thermography, Iter tokamak, Systems engineering, business
Abstract: We give here a short overview of the status of the development for ITER thermography as performed by the CEA‐Cadarache and some of its collaboration partners. The topics that have been included in this synthesis are the status of the optical design, the role of multi‐wavelength mesurements, multicolour pyroreflectometry, photothermal methods, and reflection simulations and measurements.
Published: 2008

25. Study of the performance of ALICE slat chambers in the dimuon tracking system

Author: F. Orsini, A. De Falco, Alberto Masoni, M. Tuveri, H. Borel, G. Puddu, J.C. Lugol, S. Salasca, P. De Girolamo, P. Ageron, L. Serra, S. Serci, H. Carduner, L. Luquin, E. Siddi, D. Jourde, M.P. Macciotta, M. Dialinas, G. L. Usai, A. Baldisseri, L. Tocco, Jean-Pierre Cussonneau, M. Arba, J. Gosset, D. Marras, and C. Cicalo
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Meson, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Measure (physics), High voltage, Tracking system, Tracking (particle physics), Nuclear physics, Muon spectrometer, ALICE (propellant), Nuclear Experiment, business
Abstract: The ALICE muon spectrometer will be employed to measure the production of vector mesons in Pb-Pb collisions. In this paper we show some results concerning a test of an ALICE tracking chamber prototype. Performance such as resolution and efficiency as a function of high voltage are reported.
Published: 2005

26. Engineering and manufacturing of ITER first mirror mock-ups

Author: C. Cammarata, Laurent Marot, B. Passier, J.-M. Travere, S. Salasca, J. J. Fermé, C. Thellier, M. Joanny, G. Gallay, and Yann Corre
Subjects: Materials science, Mockup, Polishing, Mechanical engineering, Mock ups, Plasma diagnostics, Substrate (printing), Thin film, Instrumentation, Surface finishing, Manufacturing capability
Abstract: Most of the ITER optical diagnostics aiming at viewing and monitoring plasma facing components will use in-vessel metallic mirrors. These mirrors will be exposed to a severe plasma environment and lead to an important tradeoff on their design and manufacturing. As a consequence, investigations are carried out on diagnostic mirrors toward the development of optimal and reliable solutions. The goals are to assess the manufacturing feasibility of the mirror coatings, evaluate the manufacturing capability and associated performances for the mirrors cooling and polishing, and finally determine the costs and delivery time of the first prototypes with a diameter of 200 and 500 mm. Three kinds of ITER candidate mock-ups are being designed and manufactured: rhodium films on stainless steel substrate, molybdenum on TZM substrate, and silver films on stainless steel substrate. The status of the project is presented in this paper.
Published: 2010

27. Fast imaging system on Tore Supra

Author: G. Agarici, A. Géraud, S. Bremond, C. Reux, S. Salasca, J. M. Verger, J. P. Chenevois, T. Alarcon, M. Geynet, and J. B. Migozzi
Subjects: Physics, Pixel, business.industry, Optical measurements, Plasma, Tore Supra, Frame rate, Start up, Optics, Light emission, Plasma diagnostics, Atomic physics, business, Instrumentation
Abstract: A new endoscope aiming at transferring the image of a poloidal section of the Tore Supra plasma to a fast camera able to record frames at a speed up to 4800 frames per second at full resolution, or much faster for a limited number of pixel, has been installed on Tore Supra. First movies showing the light emission associated to fast phenomena such as plasma start up, disruptions or gas and pellet injections have been produced.
Published: 2009

28. Progress of the ITER equatorial vis/IR wide angle viewing system optical design

Author: Roger Reichle, F. Jullien, E. de la Cal, J. B. Migozzi, S. Salasca, D. Guilhem, J.L. de Pablos, Yann Corre, J.-M. Travere, A. Manzanares, and M. Davi
Subjects: Large field of view, Tokamak, business.industry, Computer science, Spectral bands, Tracking (particle physics), Temperature measurement, law.invention, Design phase, Optics, Runaway electrons, law, Plasma diagnostics, business, Instrumentation
Abstract: The equatorial vis/IR wide angle viewing system is present in four ITER diagnostic equatorial ports. This instrument will cover a large field of view with high spatial and temporal resolutions, to provide real time temperature measurements of plasma facing components, spectral data in the visible range, information on runaway electrons, and pellet tracking. This diagnostic needs to be reliable, precise, and long lasting. Its design is driven by both the tokamak severe environment and the high performances required for machine protection. The preliminary design phase is ongoing. Paramount issues are being tackled, relative to wide spectral band optical design, material choice, and optomechanical difficulties due to the limited space available for this instrument in the ports, since many other diagnostics and services are also present. Recent progress of the diagnostic optical design and status of associated R&D are presented.
Published: 2008

29. Science and technology research and development in support to ITER and the Broader Approach at CEA

Author: A. Bécoulet, G.T. Hoang, J. Abiteboul, J. Achard, T. Alarcon, J. Alba-Duran, L. Allegretti, S. Allfrey, S. Amiel, J.M. Ané, T. Aniel, G. Antar, A. Argouarch, A. Armitano, J. Arnaud, D. Arranger, J.F. Artaud, D. Audisio, M. Aumeunier, E. Autissier, L. Azcona, A. Back, A. Bahat, X. Bai, B. Baiocchi, D. Balaguer, S. Balme, C. Balorin, O. Barana, D. Barbier, A. Barbuti, V. Basiuk, O. Baulaigue, P. Bayetti, C. Baylard, S. Beaufils, A. Beaute, M. Bécoulet, Z. Bej, S. Benkadda, F. Benoit, G. Berger-By, J.M. Bernard, A. Berne, B. Bertrand, E. Bertrand, P. Beyer, A. Bigand, G. Bonhomme, G. Borel, A. Boron, C. Bottereau, H. Bottollier-Curtet, C. Bouchand, F. Bouquey, C. Bourdelle, J. Bourg, S. Bourmaud, S. Brémond, F. Bribiesca Argomedo, M. Brieu, C. Brun, V. Bruno, J. Bucalossi, H. Bufferand, Y. Buravand, L. Cai, V. Cantone, B. Cantone, E. Caprin, T. Cartier-Michaud, A. Castagliolo, J. Belo, V. Catherine-Dumont, G. Caulier, J. Chaix, M. Chantant, M. Chatelier, D. Chauvin, J. Chenevois, B. Chouli, L. Christin, D. Ciazynski, G. Ciraolo, F. Clairet, R. Clapier, H. Cloez, M. Coatanea-Gouachet, L. Colas, G. Colledani, L. Commin, P. Coquillat, E. Corbel, Y. Corre, J. Cottet, P. Cottier, X. Courtois, I. Crest, R. Dachicourt, M. Dapena Febrer, C. Daumas, H.P.L. de Esch, B. De Gentile, C. Dechelle, J. Decker, P. Decool, V. Deghaye, J. Delaplanche, E. Delchambre-Demoncheaux, L. Delpech, C. Desgranges, P. Devynck, J. Dias Pereira Bernardo, G. Dif-Pradalier, L. Doceul, Y. Dong, D. Douai, H. Dougnac, N. Dubuit, J.-L. Duchateau, L. Ducobu, B. Dugue, N. Dumas, R. Dumont, A. Durocher, F. Duthoit, A. Ekedahl, D. Elbeze, A. Escarguel, J. Escop, F. Faïsse, G. Falchetto, J. Farjon, M. Faury, N. Fedorzack, P. Féjoz, C. Fenzi, F. Ferlay, P. Fiet, M. Firdaouss, M. Francisquez, B. Franel, J. Frauche, Y. Frauel, R. Futtersack, X. Garbet, J. Garcia, J. Gardarein, L. Gargiulo, P. Garibaldi, P. Garin, D. Garnier, E. Gauthier, O. Gaye, A. Geraud, M. Gerome, V. Gervaise, M. Geynet, P. Ghendrih, I. Giacalone, S. Gibert, C. Gil, S. Ginoux, L. Giovannangelo, S. Girard, G. Giruzzi, C. Goletto, R. Goncalves, R. Gonde, M. Goniche, R. Goswami, C. Grand, V. Grandgirard, B. Gravil, C. Grisolia, G. Gros, A. Grosman, J. Guigue, D. Guilhem, C. Guillemaut, B. Guillerminet, Z. Guimaraes Filho, R. Guirlet, J. P. Gunn, O. Gurcan, F. Guzman, S. Hacquin, F. Hariri, F. Hasenbeck, J.C. Hatchressian, P. Hennequin, C. Hernandez, P. Hertout, S. Heuraux, J. Hillairet, C. Honore, G. Hornung, M. Houry, I. Hunstad, T. Hutter, P. Huynh, V. Icard, F. Imbeaux, M. Irishkin, L. Isoardi, J. Jacquinot, J. Jacquot, G. Jiolat, M. Joanny, E. Joffrin, J. Johner, P. Joubert, L. Jourd'Heuil, M. Jouve, C. Junique, D. Keller, C. Klepper, D. Kogut, M. Kubič, F. Labassé, B. Lacroix, Y. Lallier, V. Lamaison, R. Lambert, S. Larroque, G. Latu, Y. Lausenaz, C. Laviron, R. Le, A. Le Luyer, C. Le Niliot, Y. Le Tonqueze, P. Lebourg, T. Lefevre, F. Leroux, L. Letellier, Y. Li, M. Lipa, J. Lister, X. Litaudon, F. Liu, T. Loarer, G. Lombard, P. Lotte, M. Lozano, J. Lucas, H. Lütjens, P. Magaud, P. Maget, R. Magne, J.-F. Mahieu, P. Maini, P. Malard, L. Manenc, Y. Marandet, G. Marbach, J.-L. Marechal, L. Marfisi, M. Marle, C. Martin, V. Martin, G. Martin, A. Martinez, P. Martino, R. Masset, D. Mazon, N. Mellet, L. Mercadier, A. Merle, D. Meshcheriakov, P. Messina, O. Meyer, L. Millon, M. Missirlian, J. Moerel, D. Molina, P. Mollard, V. Moncada, P. Monier-Garbet, D. Moreau, M. Moreau, P. Moreau, P. Morel, T. Moriyama, Y. Motassim, G. Mougeolle, D. Moulton, G. Moureau, D. Mouyon, M. Naim Habib, E. Nardon, V. Négrier, J. Nemeth, C. Nguyen, M. Nguyen, L. Nicolas, T. Nicolas, S. Nicollet, E. Nilsson, B. N'Konga, F. Noel, A. Nooman, C. Norscini, R. Nouailletas, P. Oddon, T. Ohsako, F. Orain, M. Ottaviani, M. Pagano, F. Palermo, S. Panayotis, H. Parrat, J.-Y. Pascal, C. Passeron, P. Pastor, J. Patterlini, K. Pavy, A.-L. Pecquet, B. Pégourié, C. Peinturier, T. Pelletier, B. Peluso, V. Petrzilka, Y. Peysson, E. Pignoly, R. Pirola, C. Pocheau, E. Poitevin, V. Poli, S. Poli, F. Pompon, I. Porchy, C. Portafaix, M. Preynas, P. Prochet, M. Prou, A. Ratnani, D. Raulin, N. Ravenel, S. Renard, B. Ricaud, M. Richou, G. Ritz, H. Roche, P. Roubin, C. Roux, K. Ruiz, F. Sabathier, R. Sabot, A. Saille, F. Saint-Laurent, R. Sakamoto, S. Salasca, T. Salmon, F. Samaille, S. Sanchez, A. Santagiustina, B. Saoutic, Y. Sarazin, P. Sardain, J. Schlosser, M. Schneider, J. Schwob, J. Segui, N. Seguin, G. Selig, D. Serret, J. Signoret, A. Simonin, M. Soldaini, B. Soler, C. Soltane, S. Song, F. Sourbier, J. Sparagna, P. Spitz, P. Spuig, A. Storelli, A. Strugarek, P. Tamain, M. Tena, J. Theis, O. Thomine, D. Thouvenin, A. Torre, L. Toulouse, J. Travère, E. Tsitrone, B. Turck, J. Urban, J.-C. Vallet, J. Vallory, A. Valognes, J. Van Helvoirt, S. Vartanian, J.-M. Verger, L. Vermare, C. Vermare, D. Vezinet, K. Vicente, J. Vidal, N. Vignal, T. Vigne, F. Villecroze, E. Villedieu, B. Vincent, B. Volpe, D. Volpe, R. Volpe, J. Wagrez, H. Wang, T. Wauters, O. Wintersdorff, E. Wittebol, B. Zago, L. Zani, D. Zarzoso, Y. Zhang, W. Zhong, X.L. Zou, Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Engineering, Tokamak, business.industry, Superconducting magnet, Tore Supra, Condensed Matter Physics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Phase (combat), 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Procurement, Runaway electrons, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Systems engineering, 010306 general physics, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Équipe 107 : Physique des plasmas chauds; International audience; In parallel to the direct contribution to the procurement phase of ITER and Broader Approach, CEA has initiated research & development programmes, accompanied by experiments together with a significant modelling effort, aimed at ensuring robust operation, plasma performance, as well as mitigating the risks of the procurement phase. This overview reports the latest progress in both fusion science and technology including many areas, namely the mitigation of superconducting magnet quenches, disruption-generated runaway electrons, edge-localized modes (ELMs), the development of imaging surveillance, and heating and current drive systems for steady-state operation. The WEST (W Environment for Steady-state Tokamaks) project, turning Tore Supra into an actively cooled W-divertor platform open to the ITER partners and industries, is presented.

30. Thermo-mechanical analysis of ITER first mirrors and its use for the ITER equatorial visible∕infrared wide angle viewing system optical design.

Author: Joanny M, Salasca S, Dapena M, Cantone B, Travère JM, Thellier C, Fermé JJ, Marot L, Buravand O, Perrollaz G, and Zeile C
Abstract: ITER first mirrors (FMs), as the first components of most ITER optical diagnostics, will be exposed to high plasma radiation flux and neutron load. To reduce the FMs heating and optical surface deformation induced during ITER operation, the use of relevant materials and cooling system are foreseen. The calculations led on different materials and FMs designs and geometries (100 mm and 200 mm) show that the use of CuCrZr and TZM, and a complex integrated cooling system can limit efficiently the FMs heating and reduce their optical surface deformation under plasma radiation flux and neutron load. These investigations were used to evaluate, for the ITER equatorial port visible∕infrared wide angle viewing system, the impact of the FMs properties change during operation on the instrument main optical performances. The results obtained are presented and discussed.
Published: 2012
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31. Engineering and manufacturing of ITER first mirror mock-ups.

Author: Joanny M, Travère JM, Salasca S, Corre Y, Marot L, Thellier C, Gallay G, Cammarata C, Passier B, and Fermé JJ
Abstract: Most of the ITER optical diagnostics aiming at viewing and monitoring plasma facing components will use in-vessel metallic mirrors. These mirrors will be exposed to a severe plasma environment and lead to an important tradeoff on their design and manufacturing. As a consequence, investigations are carried out on diagnostic mirrors toward the development of optimal and reliable solutions. The goals are to assess the manufacturing feasibility of the mirror coatings, evaluate the manufacturing capability and associated performances for the mirrors cooling and polishing, and finally determine the costs and delivery time of the first prototypes with a diameter of 200 and 500 mm. Three kinds of ITER candidate mock-ups are being designed and manufactured: rhodium films on stainless steel substrate, molybdenum on TZM substrate, and silver films on stainless steel substrate. The status of the project is presented in this paper.
Published: 2010
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32. Fast imaging system on Tore Supra.

Author: Géraud A, Salasca S, Verger JM, Alarcon T, Agarici G, Bremond S, Chenevois JP, Geynet M, Migozzi JB, and Reux C
Abstract: A new endoscope aiming at transferring the image of a poloidal section of the Tore Supra plasma to a fast camera able to record frames at a speed up to 4800 frames per second at full resolution, or much faster for a limited number of pixel, has been installed on Tore Supra. First movies showing the light emission associated to fast phenomena such as plasma start up, disruptions or gas and pellet injections have been produced.
Published: 2009
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33. Progress of the ITER equatorial vis/IR wide angle viewing system optical design.

Author: Davi M, Corre Y, Guilhem D, Jullien F, Reichle R, Salasca S, Travère JM, de la Cal E, Manzanares A, de Pablos JL, and Migozzi JB
Abstract: The equatorial vis/IR wide angle viewing system is present in four ITER diagnostic equatorial ports. This instrument will cover a large field of view with high spatial and temporal resolutions, to provide real time temperature measurements of plasma facing components, spectral data in the visible range, information on runaway electrons, and pellet tracking. This diagnostic needs to be reliable, precise, and long lasting. Its design is driven by both the tokamak severe environment and the high performances required for machine protection. The preliminary design phase is ongoing. Paramount issues are being tackled, relative to wide spectral band optical design, material choice, and optomechanical difficulties due to the limited space available for this instrument in the ports, since many other diagnostics and services are also present. Recent progress of the diagnostic optical design and status of associated R&D are presented.
Published: 2008
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33 results on '"S. Salasca"'

1. The ITER Equatorial Visible/Infra-Red Wide Angle Viewing System: Status of design and R&D

2. The WEST project: Testing ITER divertor high heat flux component technology in a steady state tokamak environment

3. IR thermography diagnostics for the WEST project

4. The WEST Project: Challenges of Diagnostic Integration

5. Results of an integration study of a diagnostics port plug in ITER

6. Impact of the layout of the ITER Radial Neutron Camera in-port system on the measurement of the neutron emissivity profile

7. Neutronic analysis of the ITER Equatorial Port Plug 1

8. Achievements on Engineering and Manufacturing of ITER First-Mirror Mock-ups

9. Recent technical advancements of the ITER Equatorial Visible/InfraRed Diagnostic

10. Development of equatorial visible/infrared wide angle viewing system and radial neutron camera for ITER

11. ITER CODAC interface for the visible and infra-red wide angle viewing cameras

12. Engineering activities on the ITER representative diagnostic equatorial port plug

13. CEA engineering studies and integration of the ITER diagnostic port plugs

14. The Mid-Infrared Instrument for the James Webb Space Telescope, III: MIRIM, The MIRI Imager

15. Langmuir probes design for the actively cooled divertor baffle in WEST

16. Diagnostic integration issues in the tore supra upgrade project WEST

17. Thermo-mechanical analysis of ITER first mirrors and its use for the ITER equatorial visible∕infrared wide angle viewing system optical design

18. Contribution of Tore Supra in preparation of ITER

19. The ITER VIS/IR wide angle viewing system: Challenges and on-going R&D

20. Progress on the integration of ITER diagnostics equatorial port plugs in Europe

21. Achievements on engineering and manufacturing of ITER first mirrors mock-ups

22. Investigation of steady-state tokamak issues by long pulse experiments on Tore Supra

23. On the operational specifications and associated R&D for the VIS/IR diagnostic for ITER

24. Concept And Development Of Instruments For ITER Thermography

25. Study of the performance of ALICE slat chambers in the dimuon tracking system

26. Engineering and manufacturing of ITER first mirror mock-ups

27. Fast imaging system on Tore Supra

28. Progress of the ITER equatorial vis/IR wide angle viewing system optical design

29. Science and technology research and development in support to ITER and the Broader Approach at CEA

30. Thermo-mechanical analysis of ITER first mirrors and its use for the ITER equatorial visible∕infrared wide angle viewing system optical design.

31. Engineering and manufacturing of ITER first mirror mock-ups.

32. Fast imaging system on Tore Supra.

33. Progress of the ITER equatorial vis/IR wide angle viewing system optical design.

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33 results on '"S. Salasca"'

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