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The paper analyzes legal approaches to solving key problems of human rights implementation in the conditions of mass exploitation of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in the public space. Within the framework of the study, the emphasis is placed on the features of the legal regulation of the use of artificial intelligence systems for remote biometric identification. The use of these systems is currently only beginning to acquire a regulatory legal framework and law enforcement practice in most countries. The study analyzes several different models of legal regulation that are typical of individual countries and regions, such as the United Kingdom, the United States, China, the EU and Russia.In the UK, the use of real-time facial recognition systems in public spaces is allowed, but the set of scenarios and situations of their use is significantly limited by legislation and law enforcement practice. In the United States, both at the federal and state levels, there are no general rules that form a unified legal approach to regulating the area in question. The EC has developed a draft Regulation on Harmonized AI Rules (Artificial Intelligence Act), which is supposed to prohibit the use of AI systems for remote biometric identification of individuals in real time in public places. There is no special regulatory regulation of this sphere of public relations in the PRC. The development of these systems in China is controlled by the state, which, due to the high centralization of power, leads to the risk of human rights violations and the creation of an atmosphere of total surveillance of citizens without any legally established framework and restrictions. In Russia, the state is actively deploying these systems at the federal and regional levels in the absence of a specialized regulatory framework. Human rights are protected only by the general norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and legislation, law enforcement practice is mainly aimed at ensuring the interests of the state.

The relevance of the study of the general principles and patterns of legal regulation of access storage processes and data protection of genome sequencing in foreign countries is determined by the need to develop a general concept of legal regulation of this type of activity in Russia. The purpose of this study is to develop the system-forming principles and patterns of access storage and data protection of genome sequencing in Russia. To achieve this goal, tasks were set and solved to identify and study the general principles and patterns of legal regulation of access storage processes and data protection of genome sequencing in foreign countries. The international documents regulating the features of regulation of access storage processes and data protection of genome-wide sequencing, the doctrinal sources of Great Britain, the USA, France, Israel, and Japan are studied. Methods used: general philosophical, general scientific, private scientific, special (structural-legal, comparative-legal, formal-legal). The general principles for the formation of the concept of legal regulation of genome sequencing in Russia are proposed. It was revealed that the creation of a universal regulatory regulator aimed at protecting the subject of personal data in view of the prevalence of public interests over private ones and the constant expansion of the scope of application of genetic data obtained as a result of genome-wide sequencing is the main problem in developing a legal regulation mechanism in the studied area. For the first time, the authors determine the basic principles for developing the concept of genome-wide sequencing in Russia, including: recognition of human rights and human dignity as the highest value, the necessity of researchers’ responsibility for the well-being of participants in view of the obtained research results, the mandatory informed consent of which should be voluntary, permanent, their right to get acquainted with the results obtained if it concerns their health, access to such information, ensuring the right to non-knowledge of research results and others.

The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the need to resolve ethical problems that arise in the framework of legal regulation of genome-wide sequencing in Russia and foreign countries. The purpose of this research is to form ethical principles that should become a reference point for law - making in this area. In order to achieve this goal, we have solved the tasks of studying the normative legal acts of Russia and a number of foreign countries from an ethical point of view. General scientific, private scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge (system-structural, formal-legal) are used. In order to comply with the ethical boundaries of legal regulation, to store access and protect full-genome sequencing data in Russia and foreign countries, it is proposed to develop a set of restrictions that prevent possible discrimination on genetic grounds, to create the necessary conditions for the inadmissibility of disclosure of personalized data, disclosure of information about a genetic disease to the subject and his relatives, as well as the boundaries of editing the genome of a human embryo. For the first time, the authors substantiate the need to establish clear ethical boundaries in the implementation of genome-wide sequencing in Russia based on foreign experience.

The issues of the formation of self-regulatory organizations in the provision of medical services to the population are considered. Among the self-regulatory organizations, there are practically no organizations in the field of genomic counseling. The issue of prospects for the emergence in the Russian Federation of organizations providing services for decoding the genome (exome) based on the principles of self-regulation and in accordance with Russian legislation is discussed. The necessity of forming an association of specialists in the field of genomic research is expressed.

The paper deals with the problems of development of professional and ethical requirements in the field of information sharing about the progress and results of genetic research. The author substantiates the conclusion about the need to adopt such requirements at the level of self-regulatory organizations of geneticists These requirements should include the provisions on additional information, providing information about secondary and random test results in specific cases where the potential benefit for the patient is significant, but the additional load on the specialist is not too noticeable. The requirements should contain a list of specific genetic abnormalities and diseases related to random and secondary results of the study and reported regardless of the patient’s will, as well as the procedure and role of all involved parties (specialists and patients) in the process of disclosure of the results of the study.

The article analyzes the current state of the legal regulation of social relations existing among the Russian Cossacks at the level of constitutent entities of the Russian Federation. The author examines the legal form of regulating social relations and the content of normative legal acts adopted in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation regarding the Russian Cossacks. The paper concludes that there is a need to develop a more effective mechanism of participation of constituent entities of the Federation in the legislative process on issues of joint jurisdiction at the federal level. The author highlights the need to apply a model legislation in order to unify the provisions of regional normative legal acts. The paper focuses on the importance of a clearer definition of the legal status of the Cossacks who have assumed obligations to carry out public service, including taking into account the possibility of using physical force, special means, and cold weapons that they have the right to wear as elements of national clothing.

The relevance of the study of the general principles and patterns of legal regulation of access storage processes and data protection of genome sequencing in foreign countries is determined by the need to develop a general concept of legal regulation of this type of activity in Russia. The purpose of this study is to develop the system-forming principles and patterns of access storage and data protection of genome sequencing in Russia. To achieve this goal, tasks were set and solved to identify and study the general principles and patterns of legal regulation of access storage processes and data protection of genome sequencing in foreign countries. The international documents regulating the features of regulation of access storage processes and data protection of genome-wide sequencing, the doctrinal sources of Great Britain, the USA, France, Israel, and Japan are studied. Methods used: general philosophical, general scientific, private scientific, special (structural-legal, comparative-legal, formal-legal). The general principles for the formation of the concept of legal regulation of genome sequencing in Russia are proposed. It was revealed that the creation of a universal regulatory regulator aimed at protecting the subject of personal data in view of the prevalence of public interests over private ones and the constant expansion of the scope of application of genetic data obtained as a result of genome-wide sequencing is the main problem in developing a legal regulation mechanism in the studied area. For the first time, the authors determine the basic principles for developing the concept of genome-wide sequencing in Russia, including: recognition of human rights and human dignity as the highest value, the necessity of researchers' responsibility for the well-being of participants in view of the obtained research results, the mandatory informed consent of which should be voluntary, permanent, their right to get acquainted with the results obtained if it concerns their health, access to such information, ensuring the right to non-knowledge of research results and others.