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Resumen: Antecedentes y objetivo: Las medidas de resultado reportadas por el paciente (PROM) son herramientas de interés creciente en la población deportiva. El propósito de este estudio fue realizar la adaptación transcultural y análisis de confiabilidad del 4-Domain Sports Patient-Reported Outcome Measure (4DSP) al español. Métodos: Se ejecutó un protocolo de adaptación transcultural en seis etapas para obtener la versión en español del 4DSP (S-4DSP). Posteriormente, se aplicó el cuestionario a una población de 108 deportistas posoperados de reconstrucción de ligamento cruzado anterior (RLCA). Se aplicó nuevamente el cuestionario luego de 30 días. Se evaluó la aceptabilidad, efecto piso y techo, consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach) y reproducibilidad (correlación intraclase). Resultados: La S-4DSP fue respondida completamente por 108 participantes (edad media 34 ± 10,75, 26% mujeres) alcanzando una aceptabilidad de 100%. No se detectó efecto piso. El análisis estadístico entregó un alfa de Cronbach global para el cuestionario de 0,65, y desagregado por dominios de 0,88, 0,72, 0,27, 0,68 para el primer, segundo, tercer y cuarto dominio, respectivamente. El estudio de correlación intraclase alcanzó un máximo de 0,94 y un mínimo de 0,48 en la primera y quinta preguntas, respectivamente. Conclusión: El S-4DSP es una herramienta confiable y útil para evaluar deportistas de habla hispana posterior a una RLCA. Abstract: Background: Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) are tools of increasing interest in the sports population. The purpose of this study was to perform the cross-cultural adaptation and reliability analysis of the 4 Domain Sports Patient-Reported Outcome Measure (4 DSP) into Spanish. Methods: A six-stage cross-cultural adaptation protocol was executed to obtain the Spanish version of the 4 DSP (S-4DSP). Subsequently, the questionnaire was administered to a population of 108 postoperative athletes with ACL (Anterior Cruciate Ligament) injuries. The questionnaire was administered again after 30 days. Acceptability, floor and ceiling effects, internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), and reproducibility (Intraclass Correlation) were evaluated. Results: The S-4DSP was fully completed by 108 participants (mean age 34 ± 10.75, 26% women), achieving 100% acceptability. No floor effect was detected. The statistical analysis yielded a global Cronbach's alpha for the questionnaire of 0.65, and domain-specific alphas of 0.88, 0.72, 0.27, and 0.68 for the first, second, third, and fourth domains, respectively. The Intraclass Correlation test reached a maximum of 0.94 and a minimum of 0.48 for the first and fifth questions, respectively. Conclusions: The S-4DSP is a reliable and useful tool for evaluating Spanish-speaking athletes after ACL reconstruction.

Background: Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) are tools of increasing interest in the sports population. The purpose of this study was to perform the cross-cultural adaptation and reliability analysis of the 4 Domain Sports Patient-Reported Outcome Measure (4 DSP) into Spanish. Methods: A six-stage cross-cultural adaptation protocol was executed to obtain the Spanish version of the 4 DSP (S-4DSP). Subsequently, the questionnaire was administered to a population of 108 postoperative athletes with ACL (Anterior Cruciate Ligament) injuries. The questionnaire was administered again after 30 days. Acceptability, floor and ceiling effects, internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), and reproducibility (Intraclass Correlation) were evaluated. Results: The S-4DSP was fully completed by 108 participants (mean age 34 ± 10.75, 26% women), achieving 100% acceptability. No floor effect was detected. The statistical analysis yielded a global Cronbach's alpha for the questionnaire of 0.65, and domain-specific alphas of 0.88, 0.72, 0.27, and 0.68 for the first, second, third, and fourth domains, respectively. The Intraclass Correlation test reached a maximum of 0.94 and a minimum of 0.48 for the first and fifth questions, respectively. Conclusions: The S-4DSP is a reliable and useful tool for evaluating Spanish-speaking athletes after ACL reconstruction. Resumen: Antecedentes y objetivo: Las medidas de resultado reportadas por el paciente (PROM) son herramientas de interés creciente en la población deportiva. El propósito de este estudio fue realizar la adaptación transcultural y análisis de confiabilidad del 4-Domain Sports Patient-Reported Outcome Measure (4DSP) al español. Métodos: Se ejecutó un protocolo de adaptación transcultural en seis etapas para obtener la versión en español del 4DSP (S-4DSP). Posteriormente, se aplicó el cuestionario a una población de 108 deportistas posoperados de reconstrucción de ligamento cruzado anterior (RLCA). Se aplicó nuevamente el cuestionario luego de 30 días. Se evaluó la aceptabilidad, efecto piso y techo, consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach) y reproducibilidad (correlación intraclase). Resultados: La S-4DSP fue respondida completamente por 108 participantes (edad media 34 ± 10,75, 26% mujeres) alcanzando una aceptabilidad de 100%. No se detectó efecto piso. El análisis estadístico entregó un alfa de Cronbach global para el cuestionario de 0,65, y desagregado por dominios de 0,88, 0,72, 0,27, 0,68 para el primer, segundo, tercer y cuarto dominio, respectivamente. El estudio de correlación intraclase alcanzó un máximo de 0,94 y un mínimo de 0,48 en la primera y quinta preguntas, respectivamente. Conclusión: El S-4DSP es una herramienta confiable y útil para evaluar deportistas de habla hispana posterior a una RLCA.

Abstract In Rosaceae species, two gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) mechanisms are described, the Prunus self-recognition system and the Maleae (Malus/Pyrus/Sorbus) non-self- recognition system. In both systems the pistil component is a S-RNase gene, but from two distinct phylogenetic lineages. The pollen component, always a F-box gene(s), in the case of Prunus is a single gene, and in Maleae there are multiple genes. Previously, the Rosa S-locus was mapped on chromosome 3, and three putative S-RNase genes were identified in the R. chinensis ‘Old Blush’ genome. Here, we show that these genes do not belong to the S-locus region. Using R. chinensis and R. multiflora genomes and a phylogenetic approach, we identified the S-RNase gene, that belongs to the Prunus S-lineage. Expression patterns support this gene as being the S-pistil. This gene is here also identified in R. moschata, R. arvensis, and R. minutifolia low coverage genomes, allowing the identification of positively selected amino acid sites, and thus, further supporting this gene as the S-RNase. Furthermore, genotype–phenotype association experiments also support this gene as the S-RNase. For the S-pollen GSI component we find evidence for multiple F-box genes, that show the expected expression pattern, and evidence for diversifying selection at the F-box genes within an S-haplotype. Thus, Rosa has a non-self-recognition system, like in Maleae species, despite the S-pistil gene belonging to the Prunus S-RNase lineage. These findings are discussed in the context of the Rosaceae GSI evolution. Knowledge on the Rosa S-locus has practical implications since genes controlling floral and other ornamental traits are in linkage disequilibrium with the S-locus.

Background. Fine roots play a crucial in ecosystem functioning as they supply nutrients and water to plants and represent one of the main pathways for carbon transfer to the soil. Objective. This study assessed the vertical distribution of fine root density and analyzed its relationship with soil properties from a land use change perspective in three vegetation cover types (tropical mountain cloud forest, grassland, coffee crop). Methodology. Soil samples of known volume per horizon were extracted from the soil profile. In laboratory, fine roots (≤ 2 mm in diameter) were tweezers picked, rinsed with water and subsequently oven-dried (70 °C), and weighed. While, the soil was air-dried for chemical analysis. Results. In all soil profiles, average fine root density was greater in grassland (16.06 kg m-3 ± 3.5, average ± SE) than in tropical mountain cloud forest (8.45 kg m-3 ± 1.3), and coffee crop (2.73 kg m-3 ± 0.44). On average, grassland, tropical mountain cloud forest, and coffee crop showed 78.4%, 73.2%, and 65%, respectively, of fine root density on the first soil horizon. Implications. Soil properties were strong predictors of fine root density variation. For example, there was a significant positive correlation between fine root density and soil organic carbon, total soil nitrogen, and effective cation exchange capacity (nutrient availability) in all vegetation covers. A significant negative correlation was observed between fine root density and pH in tropical mountain cloud forest but was not correlated in grassland and coffee crop. In all vegetation covers, there was a significant negative correlation between fine root density and soil bulk density and a strong positive correlation between it and soil water content at field capacity. Conclusion. This research contributes data that will improve our understanding of fine root density-soil interactions in a changing regional environment.

AbstractIntroduction Neurosensory disorders may be considered as a complication from surgical procedures, such as dental implants and mandibular osteotomy [1–3]. In these cases, the orofacial damage can involve general and professional patient impairments. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been reported to be effective in reducing neurosensory recovery time, while promoting nerve regeneration [4,5]. This study aimed to analyse the LLLT impact on postsurgical neurosensory recovery, namely for dental and maxillofacial surgery patients.Materials and methods Patients previously submitted to dental and/or maxilofacial rehabilitation at Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra/Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, were selected. Anamnesis, examination and neurosensory evaluation were performed to determine the presence and location of neurosensory disorder. The elected orofacial area was irradiated using a continuous wave diode laser at 660 nm (SIROLaser Blue; Sirona, Bensheim, Germany) in two sessions per week, until satisfactory results were achieved. The measure of health-related quality of life was performed by EQ-5D-5L questionnaire, before and after the LLLT treatment. This study was approved by the ethics committee of Faculty of Medicine of the University of Coimbra and the informed consent document was performed.Results Two patients (both Female, Age 22) were selected. Treatment lasted approximately 1 months in both cases. The mean score before and after treatment (0–100 scale), of the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire was 70.0–95.5.The recovery of the neurosensory disorder allowed the quality improvement in all 5 dimensions: mobility, self-care, daily activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. No reactions or side-effects were reported.Discussion and conclusions 5 dimensions of health quality were analysed and the severity level degrees were related with the corporal/patient impairment. The results supported the use of LLLT as an effective treatment option by accelerating the recovery of postsurgical neurosensory disturbances, improving the patient’s health.

Children's writing depends on strategic and self-regulated behaviors as well as on attention and transcription skills. Despite the well-established effectiveness of interventions based on the self-regulated strategy development model (SRSD), little is known about their effects when combined with the explicit teaching and systematic training of attention or transcription. This study compared the effects of SRSD interventions that taught students a planning strategy and how to use it compose text, with additional components of attention (via focused meditation exercises) or transcription (via copy and alphabet exercises). We used a quasi-experimental design with three groups of Portuguese third graders: SRSD + attention (n = 42), SRSD + transcription (n = 37), and wait list (n = 34). Measures of transcription, executive functions, motivation, written production, and academic achievement were collected before and after the interventions. Analyses of co-variance revealed that the SRSD + transcription group surpassed the others in terms of handwriting fluency as well as in terms of spelling accuracy, though only among the weakest spellers at pretest. Moreover, in comparison to the wait list group, both SRSD groups showed better planning skills, wrote more complete texts, and displayed better executive functioning at posttest. After the intervention, though the SRSD + transcription group produced better texts than their peers, the SRSD + attention group achieved better academic performance, but only among those with poorer grades at pretest. Regarding motivation, we only found an effect of the SRSD + transcription intervention on self-efficacy for ideation, among students with lower self-efficacy at pretest. These findings suggest the importance of articulating writing and self-regulation strategies with attention and transcription training in early schooling.

Abstract Background The horn fly (Haematobia irritans) is an obligate blood feeder that causes considerable economic losses in livestock industries worldwide. The control of this cattle pest is mainly based on insecticides; unfortunately, in many regions, horn flies have developed resistance. Vaccines or biological control have been proposed as alternative control methods, but the available information about the biology or physiology of this parasite is rather scarce. Results We present a comprehensive description of the salivary and midgut transcriptomes of the horn fly (Haematobia irritans), using deep sequencing achieved by the Illumina protocol, as well as exploring the virome of this fly. Comparison of the two transcriptomes allow for identification of uniquely salivary or uniquely midgut transcripts, as identified by statistically differential transcript expression at a level of 16 x or more. In addition, we provide genomic highlights and phylogenetic insights of Haematobia irritans Nora virus and present evidence of a novel densovirus, both associated to midgut libraries of H. irritans. Conclusions We provide a catalog of protein sequences associated with the salivary glands and midgut of the horn fly that will be useful for vaccine design. Additionally, we discover two midgut-associated viruses that infect these flies in nature. Future studies should address the prevalence, biological effects and life cycles of these viruses, which could eventually lead to translational work oriented to the control of this economically important cattle pest.

Background: In maternal PKU, protein substitute (PS) is provided by phenylalanine (PHE)-free l-amino acids (AA), but glycomacropeptide-based protein substitute (GMP) is an alternative consideration. Objective: To describe the first Portuguese Maternal Phenylketonuria (MPKU) partially managed with GMP. Case report: A 31 year old MPKU female with classical PKU (mutations P281L/P281L), diagnosed by newborn screening, had a lifelong history of poor metabolic control. She has a history of partial bicornuate uterus and had a previous miscarriage in the first trimester. Pre-conception, her median blood PHE was 462 μmol/L but throughout pregnancy the median reduced to 258 μmol/L. GMP provided 30 g/day protein equivalent (46 mg/day PHE). Total protein equivalent from PS increased from 58 to 86 g/day during pregnancy but AA provided all additional protein equivalent intake. Both GMP and AA were well tolerated with no morning sickness. Normal morphologic evaluation and adequate fetal growth with cephalic biometry near the 5th percentile was determined. The infant was born at 39.3 weeks: weight 2570 g (3rd percentile), length 47.5 cm (10th percentile) and head circumference (HC) of 31.5 cm (1st percentile). In the neonatal period, the infant had craniofacial dimorphism with metopic suture prominence. Father also had bitemporal narrowing. By 12 months of age, the infant's weight (15th percentile), length (50th percentile) and HC (10th–50th percentile) were normal although bitemporal narrowing persisted. Conclusions: This is the first case reporting the use of GMP in MPKU. Its PHE content did not adversely affect metabolic control although it only provided part of the PS intake. Some intrauterine development delay occurred in the last trimester, although we consider that this is unlikely to be associated with MPKU syndrome or the use of GMP. More published data is essential to examine the impact of using GMP in MPKU on morning sickness severity and aversion, maternal weight gain, blood amino acid concentrations and variability of blood PHE concentrations.

The effects of the restriction of the advised daily feed intake (ADFI) during 1 or 2 weeks on broiler body weight (BW) and carcass composition were studied. A total of 150 1-day-old male broilers (Ross-308) were randomly allotted to a control and four experimental treatments with three replicates per treatment. Broilers were subjected to a feeding restriction equal to 75 and 50 % of ADFI, either for a 7- or a 14-day period, between the 7th and 14th and 7th and 21th day of age, respectively. The BW and carcass composition were determined on day 42. From the findings, neither of the two levels of restriction nor the two time intervals had significant effects (P > 0.05) on the BW or breast and leg weight and proportion, liver and most of the body components. However, the feeding treatments show a tendency (P = 0.078) to influence the BW, with birds fed 75 % of ADFI for 14 day being heavier than the control group. For eviscerated carcass weight, an effect (P = 0.002) was observed, with birds fed 75 % of ADFI for 14 day having heavier carcasses (P < 0.05) than those in control group. The abdominal fat, both with regard to weight and proportion, was slightly influenced by dietary treatments (P > 0.05). From our results, it can be concluded that the applied feeding restrictions have a neutral or slightly beneficial effect on broiler growth traits and carcass composition.

Os cadinhos filtrantes (porosidade 1) originalmente usados na técnica in vitro semi-automática de produção de gases estabelecida no Laboratório de Produção de Gases da Escola de Veterinária da UFMG podem ocasionar interferências nos estudos de quantificação da degradação de alimentos, principalmente os ricos em amido, devido à obstrução dos poros da placa filtrante pelo material residual após fermentação. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a substituição dos cadinhos filtrantes por sacos F57 (Ankom(r)) visando a realização de experimentos in vitro para descrição da cinética de fermentação e degradação ruminal. Esta substituição causou a redução do peso/volume da amostra incubada e desta forma, interferiu na relação pressão (P) / volume (V) e consequentemente inviabilizou a utilização de equação previamente estabelecida por Mauricio et al. (2003). Desta forma, objetivou-se neste estudo estabelecer equação para estimar o volume de gases produzidos a partir de dados de P e V obtidos pela fermentação de sorgo forrageiro, incluindo partes da planta e planta inteira, incubados em sacos F57 (Ankom(r)). Foram quantificados 474 dados simultâneos de pressão e volume os quais variaram de 0 a 4.670 psi e os de volume entre 0 e 38mL. A equação relacionando P e V obtida foi: V (mL) = 0.747 (s.e. 0.0733) + 7.23 P (s.e. 0.1165) + 0.101 P2 (s.e. 0.0372), (R2 = 0.99). O desenvolvimento desta equação viabilizou a utilização dos sacos F57 (Ankom(r)) pela na técnica in vitro semi-automática de produção de gases e, portanto permitindo a quantificação dos resíduos da fermentação favorecendo a acurácia dos resultados.

Se exploró un posible efecto protector del genoma por parte de un derivado de la uva (vino Tannat). Se utilizaron poblaciones celulares haploides y diploides de Saccharomyces cerevisiae como modelo eucariota. Muestras celulares se expusieron a H2O2 en medio nutriente. El ADN se analizó por densitometría láser, luego de su aislamiento y separación por electroforesis con campos pulsados. Se aplicó la distribución de Poisson para la determinación de roturas dobles. El número de roturas dobles del ADN y la frecuencia mutagénica aumentaron en función de la dosis de H2O2, disminuyendo la probabilidad de sobrevida. La combinación de H2O2 con vino Tannat aumentó significa-tivamente la probabilidad de sobrevida y disminuyó el número de roturas dobles. No se observó efecto mutagénico por el vino Tannat. Estos efectos pudieron simularse utilizando altas concentraciones de α-tocoferol. Los resultados indican que un derivado de Vitis vinifera puede, en ciertas condiciones, disminuir las dobles roturas de ADN producidas por el H2O2 e incrementar las probabilidades de sobrevida celular. Los blancos involucrados podrían ser, entre otros, componentes intracelulares de las cascadas redox y/o enzimas de reparación del ADN.The aim of this work was to analyse a possible genome protection provided by a grape derivative (Tannat wine) in yeast cell populations exposed to H2O2. Haploid and diploid strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used as eukaryotic model. Cell samples were exposed to H2O2 in a nutrient medium. Chromosomal DNA was analysed after isolation and separation by pulsed field electrophoresis. Double strand breaks were determined by laser densitometry and application of Poisson distribution. Both haploid and diploid cells showed H2O2 dose dependent DNA fractionation, as well as an increase of lethal -and mutation- events. Upon combination of the Tannat wine and H2O2 a significant decrease of double strand breaks was observed, in association with an increase in surviving fractions. No mutagenic effect was observed after wine exposure. Part of the observations regarding protective wine effect were simulated by exposure to high concentrations of α-tocopherol. Present results indicate that a grape derivative could act as a genome protector increasing cell survival probabilities. Among others, the involved molecular targets could be components of transduction redox cascades as well as DNA repair enzymes.

The prediction of solid-liquid equilibrium is important to describe the phase’s formation and the compositions of many chemical processes. The separation processes, which need the solid-liquid phase data, have been explored for many years, but now, with the high and new technological developments, the theoretical and practical interest in this area was increased. This work has a theoretical and computational character, whose objective is the study and application of an optimization technique for the solid-liquid equilibrium calculation. Interested of binary and ternary fatty mixtures with natural origin, this work can be applied for different profiles’ mixtures of fatty acids, triglycerides and ethyl esters using the minimization of Gibbs energy free of the systems. So, it is necessary the improvement of the thermodynamic models capable to precisely represent the equilibrium, wich was a represented by a non-linear program, and convexity analysis ensure of optimal solution found is the global optimum. The software GAMS and Microsoft Excel were used for the equilibrium problem implementation, where the description of phases was done based in known thermodynamics models. The solid phase was characterized using a modified Slaughter and Doherty model and liquid phase with Margules 2 – suffixes. In this work the on liquid phase, the Margules model assume two forms: Margules Asymmetric (MA), where the Margules parameters are different; and Margules Symmetric (MS), with equal Margules parameters, after was used Wilson Model (W) too. In this work specifically, it was calculated the equilibrium points for mixtures contain: ethyl and methyl laurate and miristate, ethyl estearate, palmitic acid and tristearin. Experimental data was used in comparative mode of binary mixtures, with good agreement between experimental and calculated points; new equilibrium dates was predicted and obtained of ternary mixtures, and the parameters model also was discovery. The results are described in form of phase diagrams for binary mixtures and surfaces of equilibrium for ternary mixtures, where the equilibrium data and the parameters model was calculated based in the square errors, that are nearly of the experimental data.

This work has a theoretical and computational character, whose objective is the study and application of an optimization technique for the solid-liquid equilibrium calculation. Focused on binary and ternary fatty mixtures with natural origin, this work can also be applied for different mixtures of fatty acids, triglycerides and ethyl esters using the minimization of Gibbs Energy of the systems. This problem was formulated as a non-linear program, and convexity analysis ensured that the optimal solution found was the global optimum. The equilibrium problem was implemented in software GAMS in addition of Microsoft Excel, where the description of phases was done based on two thermodynamic models. The solid phase was characterized using a modified Slaughter and Doherty model, while the liquid phase was modeled with Margules 2 – suffixes and the Wilson Model. In the liquid phase, the Margules model assumes two forms: Margules Asymmetric, where the Margules parameters are different, and Margules Symmetric, with equal Margules parameters. In this work specifically, it was calculated the equilibrium points with some combinations of myristic, palmitic and capric acids; ethyl laurate, miristate and palmitate; tripalmitin and tristearin was calculated. Experimental data was used in comparative mode of binary mixtures, with good agreement between experimental and calculated points; new equilibrium data were predicted and obtained for ternary mixtures, and the parameters model also was determined. The results were described in the form of phase diagrams for binary mixtures and surfaces of equilibrium for ternary mixtures, where the equilibrium data and the parameters model were calculated based on the square errors, and fitted well to the experimental data.

Determinar la frecuencia de alteraciones citogenéticas (micronúcleos y aberraciones cromosómicas y la estandarización y aplicación de la nueva metodología del Challenge Assay), para evaluar el posible efecto mutagénico de los plaguicidas en las floricutoras en la Sabana de Bogotá. Las enfermedades genéticas como las malformaciones y el cáncer pueden ser el resultado directo de daño a nivel del DNA, el cual podría ser originado por más de 700.000 químicos diferentes vertidos por la industria al medio ambiente.