Search

Background: Both cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) are recognised environmental toxins that may have devastating effects on plant life, particularly on their photosynthetic pigments. Heavy metal toxicity is one of several abiotic stressors that is especially relevant to investigate because of its impact on crop species growing in close proximity to heavy industrial sites, especially in less developed nations. Methods: The chlorophyll content in barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea) was evaluated across five different Cd and Ni concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/kg of soil) by pot experiment. We measured and compared the influence of Cd and Ni on the chlorophyll content of the leaves of E. frumentacea seedlings at 15, 30 and 45 days of intervals. Result: The results reveal that there was regularly a reduction attributable to Cd and Ni application in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content. Comparatively, the chlorophyll content was higher in Ni stress than Cd stress at all the concentrations ranging from 50 to 250 mg/kg of soil. Based on the results, it was concluded that the chlorophyll content declined progressively with increasing concentrations of Cd and Ni in all day intervals.

Anatomical and histochemical studies of ovary and caryopsis of sorghum reveal the importance of the chalazal complex in transporting nutrients from maternal sources to the filial diploid embryo and triploid endosperm. The presence of starch, protein, lipid, Ca, K, Mg, and Fe in various tissues at different stages of development can be revealed by a variety of histochemical techniques. Vascular supply ends at the base of the ovary and transport occurs through vascular parenchyma, pigment strand and nucellar projection where symplastic continuity is broken. Nutrients unloaded into an apoplastic placental sac then enter the endosperm and embryo through the aleurone transfer cells. The later possess characteristic wall ingrowth. The single layer of aleurone surrounding the endosperm may also help in transport during later stages of grain-filling. Grain-filling in C4 sorghum is compared with other C4 and C3 grasses showing the variety of strategies evolved to transport nutrients into filial tissues. Standardization of terminologies to describe the tissues of the crease region will help in further research and communication.

Human activity recognition (HAR) is a quintessence to empower a robot to distinguish the conduct of a personal care-receiver. As opposed to outward appearances, an activity recognition can see practices of a consideration beneficiary, who might be a senior adult, a youngster, or a chronic patient. Through HAR, a robot tracks the care patient activity and perceive human practices like unhealthy habits and anomalous activities. However, patient activity recognition through simple images is a highly challenging task. Several challenges such as the likeness of unmistakable human behaviors, disorder background, similarities in different human activities may significantly reduce the classification performance. Because of rapid developments in cutting-edge machine learning models, substantial solutions can arise from distinct deep learning algorithms, including convolutional neural network, generative adversarial network. In this chapter, the authors review several cognitive computing approaches in the advancement of human-robot interaction, especially in healthcare industries.

This paper reviews the performance analysis based on image security for digital watermarked images using different techniques in transform domains. Digital watermarking is a technique of embedding data like text or image which is called watermark into digital data. It can be done by using different methods depending upon the digital data. It is examined that the most robust method in providing the security for watermarked images can be achieved by combining DWT with SVD when compared to other methods. Though DWT itself maintains good authenticity, when SVD is added to DWT, it increases the robustness in extracting watermark image. Firstly, DWT is applied to the original image and then SVD is applied to the resultant of DWT image. The steps involved in the algorithm to embed and extract the watermark are explained. Finally, the performance analysis of DWT and DWT with SVD is compared and quality of the image is examined.

Cancer is one of the most difficult types of illnesses today, diagnosing the disease in the early stage is still tough for doctors. Genetic profiling plays a fundamental role in discovering environmental risk factors for cancer. a special mixed layered strategy of option tree and cluster is applied to create a most cancers risk assessment scheme. The proposed gadget is an invaluable device that forecasts certain types of cancers and it’s worth your serious considerations. This research uses statistical tools such as grouping, clustering and estimation to discover the aptitude of cancer patients. We have suggested this cancer prediction method in our paper based on the information-mining strategy. This computer reports the number of human breast cancers in the immediate future. This gadget is checked to be completed with previous clinical knowledge. The aim of this model is to protect the customers and to make it affordable to the person using it. and a predictive model will aid in physical injury prevention and diagnosis. This research helps detect a person’s chances of developing cancer at an early stage of treatment.

Communication is one the important aspects in human life since thousands of years ago; basically, it is the transfer of information or message between two people, places or machines. Information can also be shared among different computers, routers, switches and between networks. Group of interconnected devices is called Network. Devices include computers, routers, switches, servers etc., thus network allows the sharing of data. In order to have the smooth functionality of network, it has be continuously monitored. So, network monitoring is the major role of network, in which it tries to discern low speed or unsuccessful network devices, such as failing routers, servers, switches and other malfunctioning devices. Network monitoring system cautions the occurrence of a network failure to the Network Administrator (NA). Network monitoring is predominantly put through software tools and applications. The constant and secure supervise of a network includes trace and logs of network parameters. The network parameters include data transmission rate, user-time percentages, downtime of the device, uptime of the device, response time to user and error rates. This paper describes the network monitoring using SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol), obtaining required system parameters like RAM usage, CPU usage and Disk usage from device which is to be monitored, storing the system values in database and displaying data using Grafana tool.

In the past two decades, there has been efforts to model a wireless communication channel in an efficient way. Most of the work reported in the literature employs deterministic method to model the channel. Since deterministic method is site specific and results into complex models and therefore is not practically viable to model a general wireless communication channel. This paper discusses the estimation of the parameters of the channel like path loss, doppler frequency shift and phase shift using deterministic and stochastic methods for sum of sinusoids model of the wireless multipath channel. The results are compared for both deterministic and stochastic models for different multipath channels and found that stochastic method of implementing sum of sinusoids model results in low bit error rate. The proposed model is tested for OFDM based transceiver employing QPSK modulation.

This paper investigates different adaptive equalization techniques in three different communication scenarios viz; Underground-to-Underground (UG-UG), Underground-to-Aboveground (UG-AG) and Aboveground-to-Underground (AG-UG), using Mineralogy Based Spectroscopic Dielectric Model (MBSDM) which is preferred over the Peplinski Soil Dielectric model because of its ability to generate Complex Dielectric Constant (CDC) spectra of moist soils with considerably better accuracy and lesser prediction error. BPSK QPSK and 32 QAM modulated signals at 1 GHz are sent through the MBSDM channel. The received signals are equalized using RLS, LMS, and NLMS algorithms. Amongst these algorithms, RLS provides better performance in mitigating the Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) induced by the underground channel in a stationary channel environment as it converges much faster than LMS and NLMS. NLMS performs better than LMS as evidenced by plotting BER vs SNR. This study infers that adaptive equalization techniques help not only in recovering the original signal but also provides a deeper insight about underground channel models for efficient WUSNs.

This paper develops, a channel model forpropagation in Wireless Underground Sensor Network (WUSN) under three different communication scenarios viz: UG-UG, UG-AG and AG-UG, using Mineralogy Based Spectroscopic Dielectric Model (MBSDM). This is preferred over the Peplinski Soil Dielectric model for calculating the values of Complex Dielectric Constant (CDC) for a given soil type based on various parameters inherent to the soil. The path loss captures the effects of environment parameters such as sand or clay content, horizontal distance between two sensor nodes under consideration, burial depth and Volumetric Water Content (VWC) of the soil sample, including system parameters such as the operating frequency of the transmitted signal. This study allows us to realize the path loss and received power varies with the given set of parameters. The propagation characteristics between the sensor nodes are investigated in MATLAB environment.

The paper is about developing a cost effective and simple way to auto dim the head light of automobile using RF communication approach. Vehicles travelling at night usually face a problem of distraction for the drivers when an opposite vehicle(s) with high-beam switched on come about 200 meters apart from each other's vehicle. This project is about automatically diming the head light of opposite vehicles which has high-beam switched-on from high-beam to low-beam. This is done using the RF wave to communicate the proximity of the on-coming vehicles and also a photodiode to detect the overall intensity of the high-beam to the driver. Each vehicle is fitted with the RF transmitter and receiver to detect the proximity of the vehicles. A photodiode is to detect the intensity of the high-beam of the opposite vehicle, after confirming the proximity of the vehicle. Consider Two vehicle 'A' and 'B' travelling opposite direction to each other during night with their high beam switched on, once 'A' and 'B' come to about 200 meter to each other (this triggers the RF communication, the high beam of the 'A' vehicle start affecting the driver of the 'B' vehicle or vice-versa, this is detected by photo diode (which is activated only when RF communication is triggered. To prevent this distraction of the driver, the high-beam of the opposite vehicle is dimed to low-beam.

BACKGROUND: India is a male dominant society and gender discrimination is customized. Habitually females are facing lots of discrimination against them. Some of them are not given enough nutritious food, not allowed to go to school, (denying education), discrimination in admitting girl’s student and boys to convent school, not giving needy health care when the girl child is ill-health. The other issues include early marriage, eve teasing, abortion with the help of scanning techniques, dowry, rape, sexual harassment, divorce. The study of socio-cultural aspects on gender perception among college students and their response of their attitude were evaluated. Sample consisting of 150 girls and 150 boys as respondents belonging to Telugu, Kannada, Tamil and Urdu speaking students from different colleges both unisex and co-education were studied. This study is aimed at assessing the gender perception, 60.6 percent boys felt that the girls are not protected by the parents, 26.6 percent are not protected by the society, and the study was concerned more with the social group interaction and social mobility in the campus. Planning commission must design strategy for the holistic approach of women empowerment in the society by formulating policies and programs; and the government has to improve the female literacy rate.

Combustion is the process of converting the energy stored in chemical bonds to heat energy that can be utilized in a various ways. A good engine is a one which has high efficiency that leads to better performance of the aircraft. In this fast emerging field, fuel exhaust emission has become a hazardous thing to be considered by all leading industries. In addition, the oil crisis has become a problem to aircraft industries. According to the international statistics, both the developed and developing countries are contributing their efforts to important emission of greenhouse gases. In order to improve the efficiency of the combustion process, energy conservation reduces the global oil crises and the emission of harmful gases, HiCOT would be a better technology to produce favorable results. High temperature Combustion Technology (HiCOT) is a promising technology for energy saving, flame stability enhancement and NOx emission reduction. In a conventional HiCOT system, the combustion air is highly preheated by using the recuperative or regenerative heat exchangers. In this project, the combustion air is heated using the recirculation process. Numerical studies have been carried out to investigate the combustion performance of methane–air mixture in a cylindrical combustor using High Temperature Combustion Technology (HiCOT) to predict thermal efficiency and pollutant emission levels of NOx and CO2 at various air inlet temperatures and velocities using CFD simulation. The design process is carried out through ANSYS DESIGN MODULAR. Flow domain, grid generation, CFD simulation, and the post-processing results are obtained using ANSYS WORKBENCH and FLUENT.

The work of this project is to analyze theinsulation materials currently used in the furnace of CPCL refinery which is a crude distillation unit heater to minimize the heat loss through the radiant wall section by substituting them with advanced insulating materials.There are some advanced materials whose properties are well suited for the insulation purpose in the furnace wall which could apparently reduce the heat loss through the walls. The general properties which include weight, thickness, thermal conductivity, are calculated to prove that these materials can be used as a replacement to those of the regular insulation materials.The materials which have been taken for analysis can reduce heat loss and improve thermal efficiency it will not require much maintenance activities compared to the old insulation and installing the new insulation is much easier than old as it can be handled easily.This paper will prove that replaced materials will act as an effective insulation than old type.

Wrightia tinctoria L. leaf hexane, methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water extracts were screened against plant pathogenic bacteria by in vitro . The extracts were tested using disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration. Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed significant antibacterial activity against gram negative bacteria; the MIC was 50 μg/ml for Xanthomonas campestris and Erwina sp. Study shows Wrightia tinctoria leaves possessed potent antimicrobial properties against plant pathogenic bacteria suggesting that the active principles may be useful in the control of plant disease.

Background: The diagnosis of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) requires a high index of suspicion owing to the wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Amongst the different presentations, radiological evidence of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) often leads to diagnostic errors. Methods: Between March 2005 and December 2007, 233 patients with CVST were reviewed at our centre, and this report summarizes 10 cases that presented with SAH. The early clinico-radiological pointers towards a diagnosis of CVST are highlighted and previously published reports are reviewed. Results: The mean age at presentation was 33 years (range 25–50), and the median duration from onset of symptoms to admission was 5 days (range 2–15). In all cases, there was radiological evidence of SAH with or without associated parenchymal bleeding or other signs of CVST. SAH was usually localized, involving the sulci of the cerebral convexity and sparing the basal cisterns. Aetiologically, there were two cases with both hyperhomocysteinaemia and polycythaemia and one case each of antiphospholipid antibody (APLA) syndrome, post-partum state, oral contraceptive use and dehydration because of diarrhoea. Eight patients improved with anticoagulant therapy despite the presence of SAH. Conclusions: Localized SAH (whether focal, unilateral or bilateral), especially when confined to the parasagittal or dorsolateral convexity of the brain and without involvement of the basal cisterns, may provide an early pointer towards an underlying CVST. The presence of predisposing factors for CVST accords a further diagnostic hint.

The major worldwide corporations have been rising to the challenge that the talent management is more complicated and entangled. This study is mainly emphasised on the success of organisation due to obtain talent management and also retain the talent employees in the best way of highlighting selected IT companies. The aim of this research is mainly spotlight on retain the employees by the way of managing their talent in selected IT companies. The sample size has been taken as 150 by using simple random basis. For proofing the hypotheses setting, percentage analysis, mean score analysis, ANOVA analysis, Chi-square analysis and correlation analysis have been used in this research. This study also emphasised regarding the employees are benefited and more equipped with the programmes related to talent management. The analysis mainly focused that majority of the respondents are satisfied with the result of this program.

Background: Chiari malformation with syringomyelia is conventionally managed with foramen magnum decompression and duroplasty. In presence of hydrocephalus, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion has been the initial preferred mode of treatment. Methods: Two patients of Chiari I malformation with syringomyelia who had associated hydrocephalus were initially treated with endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). Results: At follow up, both the patients symptomatically improved. Repeat MRI studies revealed collapse of the syrinx cavity and reduction of the Chiari malformation. Conclusions: Chiari malformation and syrinx associated with hydrocephalus may be effectively managed with endoscopic third ventriculostomy.

Real-Time Systems find their increasing applications in our day to day activities. Though the systems are designed for a specific application but include much other functionality to comfort the users. Most of the systems are hand held and so battery operated. Power consumption is a vital parameter in the design of these real-time systems. To increase the battery life power consumption should be kept optimal. The hardware should be designed to accommodate all the features which are not used at one point of time. So, the software should be designed to control the hardware and also meet the specifications. Real-Time Operating Systems with different scheduling algorithms help the system to effectively manage the hardware and the software. A simulation tool to test the effectiveness of the scheduling algorithm becomes an essential requirement. The objective of this paper is to present a MATLAB based tool for simulation and analysis of Real-Time tasks.

The diagnosis of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) requires a high index of suspicion owing to the wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Amongst the different presentations, radiological evidence of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) often leads to diagnostic errors.Between March 2005 and December 2007, 233 patients with CVST were reviewed at our centre, and this report summarizes 10 cases that presented with SAH. The early clinico-radiological pointers towards a diagnosis of CVST are highlighted and previously published reports are reviewed.The mean age at presentation was 33 years (range 25-50), and the median duration from onset of symptoms to admission was 5 days (range 2-15). In all cases, there was radiological evidence of SAH with or without associated parenchymal bleeding or other signs of CVST. SAH was usually localized, involving the sulci of the cerebral convexity and sparing the basal cisterns. Aetiologically, there were two cases with both hyperhomocysteinaemia and polycythaemia and one case each of antiphospholipid antibody (APLA) syndrome, post-partum state, oral contraceptive use and dehydration because of diarrhoea. Eight patients improved with anticoagulant therapy despite the presence of SAH.Localized SAH (whether focal, unilateral or bilateral), especially when confined to the parasagittal or dorsolateral convexity of the brain and without involvement of the basal cisterns, may provide an early pointer towards an underlying CVST. The presence of predisposing factors for CVST accords a further diagnostic hint.

Midbrain hemorrhage causing isolated fourth nerve palsy is extremely rare. Idiopathic, traumatic and congenital abnormalities are the most common causes of fourth nerve palsy. We report acute isolated fourth nerve palsy in an 18-year-old lady due to a midbrain hemorrhage probably due to a midbrain cavernoma. The case highlights the need for neuroimaging in selected cases of isolated trochlear nerve palsy.

A 128-channel digital correlation receiver has been built for the GEETEE 1, the low-frequency radio telescope situated at Gauribidanur, South India, (latitude 13°36′12′′ N). The receiver uses a modified doublesideband (DSB) technique. The quadrature samples required for a DSB system are obtained by sampling the digitized intermediate frequency (I.F.) signals by two clocks which are separated in time by one quarter of the period of the I.F. The visibilities required for one-dimensional synthesis are measured using one-bit correlators. A technique to measure amplitude information for the signal using a threshold detector and a one-bit correlator has been developed. The receiver has been successfully used for continuum, spectral-line and pulsar observations. The antenna system of GEETEE and its configuration for one dimensional synthesis are also described in this paper

Background. Cutaneous sensitivity to the tuberculin antigen is thought to indicate latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Some guidelines suggest treating end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients for LTBI on the basis of tuberculin positivity. The prevalence of tuberculin sensitivity and cutaneous anergy in Indian patients with ESRD and the utility of the tuberculin test for predicting post-transplant tuberculosis are not known. Methods. We prospectively studied cutaneous tuberculin reactivity and anergy in 108 ESRD patients and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Mumps antigen and tetanus toxoid were used as control antigens. Patients who failed to react to all antigens were classified as anergic. Seventy-nine patients underwent living donor kidney transplants and were followed-up for approximately 2 years. Results. About 44% of ESRD patients and 66% of controls showed tuberculin reactivity (P ¼ 0.0018). The prevalence of anergy was significantly higher in the ESRD population (44% vs 16%, P

Ghee (clarified butter) has generally been assumed to be hypercholesterolaemic on the basis of its composition but there is hardly any study to support or refute the assumption. The present study was conducted on sixty-three healthy, young, physically active adult volunteers (52 male, 11 female). The study design was that of a randomized controlled trial with a parallel design. After a lead-in period of 2 wk, the subjects were randomly divided into two groups, Group A (n = 30; 25 male, 5 female) and Group B (n = 33; 27 male, 6 female). Group A (experimental) consumed for 8 wk a diet in which ghee provided 10% of the energy intake. The only other visible fat in the diet was mustard oil, and total energy from fats was 25% of the energy intake. Group B (control) consumed for 8 wk a similar diet except that all visible fat came from mustard oil. The serum total cholesterol level showed a significant rise in the experimental group at 4 wk; the rise persisted at 8 wk. A similar rise was also seen in HDL cholesterol. Hence the total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio did not show any significant change. In the control group, there was a trend towards a fall in LDL cholesterol but the change was not significant. The study does not indicate any adverse effect of ghee on lipoprotein profile. However, more studies are needed on older subjects, hyperlipidaemic subjects, and on subjects following less healthy lifestyles before the results of this study can be extrapolated to the general population.

A randomised controlled trial with a parallel design was conducted on 24 healthy young volunteers who were divided into two groups. After a lead-in period of 2 wk, the experimental group (n = 11; 9 male, 2 female) had for 8 wk a lactovegetarian diet providing about 25% of the energy intake in the form of fat, of which ghee provided 10 en% and the remaining fat energy came from mustard oil and invisible fat. The control group (n = 13; 8 male, 5 female) had a similar diet except that all visible fat was in the form of mustard oil. In neither group was there any significant change in the serum lipid profile at any point in time. At 8 wk, 2 volunteers in the experimental group, and 1 volunteer in the control group had more than 20% rise in serum total cholesterol as compared to their 0 wk values. There was also an appreciable increase in HDL cholesterol at 8 wk in the experimental group, but it was not statistically significant. Consuming ghee at the level of 10 en% in a vegetarian diet generally has no effect on the serum lipid profile of young, healthy, physically active individuals, but a few individuals may respond differently.