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This work presents the design of low rate and low power sensor node in wireless based sensor network for early detection and monitoring of fire in environment. It uses the DHT11 digital temperature – humidity sensor for measurement and MSP430 microcontroller for processing and implementing best algorithm from the comparison algorithm and DST algorithm using Dempster-Shaffer Theory for fire detection. The detected information is transmitted to the computer system through XBeepro for short distance wirelessly. The performance of algorithms are analyzed and tested with the metric un_detect fire. The information is shared in real time to the owner/ fire station/ police and all other responsible persons by the computer system using teamviewer software through Internet. The DST has more software design complexity than comparison algorithm. But it gives better performance than comparison.

Gaussian mixed model, LK optical flow method and background subtraction from foreground method are used to extract the fire and smoke region in foreground of video image. Multi feature of fire characteristics are used to extract the information. Colour feature of suspected region are extracted according to the colour model RGB and HSI spaces. Background blur feature is extracted using two dimensional discrete wavelet transform. If smoke appears in scene, the contour edge of the background would become blurry. The motion direction feature is extracted using LK optical flow method and gaussion mixed model. The DHT 11 digital temperature - humidity sensor in sensor node is used to extract temperature and humidity values for measurement and TIMSP430 micro controller for processing the information. The video node and sensor node extracted information are combined to detect the possibility of fire in the area during worst season conditions. By this method, the accuracy of fire and smoke detection is improved even in the worst environmental condition such as rainy weather. From the simulated and experimental results, the proposed method improves the accuracy and detection rate. Combination of sensor output and video output give excellent value in finding smoke or fire from videos. They reduces false detection rate of detecting smoke from non-smoke videos. It can be used in outdoor large environment.

Fire alarm system is based on detection of fire from video acquisition input data. This is done with the help of digital image processing techniques and embedded vision. It is based on vision-based fire detection system. This approach integrates colour, spatial, temporal and motion information to locate fire regions in video frames. The characteristics of burning flame and spatial temporal features of smoke combination is used to remove spurious fake fire regions. This video based fire alarm systems has stages such as frame conversion, fire and smoke colour detection, motion detection, spatial temporal analysis. Fire alarm will be activated when the system detects the occurrence of fire in a certain position and time interval surpasses the threshold.

This paper proposes an effective method to detect smoke in videos. The technique background subtraction is used to segment moving regions in fire video frame. The fuzzy c-means (FCM) method is used to cluster only smoke regions from these moving regions. Experimental results show that the proposed smoke detection algorithm performs well than the conventional smoke detection algorithms in terms of accuracy of smoke detection. It also provides low false alarm rate and high reliability in open and large spaces. The true positive value of all smoke frames and its percentage of overall smoke detection rate is more than 85%. The false positive value of non-smoke frames and its percentage of overall smoke detection rate is less than 10%. Hence overall smoke detection rate is increased.

Internet of Things (IoT) provide a good chance to build powerful system in fire industry. The growing ubiquity of radio-frequency identification (RFID), wireless sensor network and mobile give fire area related applications by high leveraging level. This paper review about the current research, technologies and applications of IoT in flre related industries. This paper done a survey of identifying research trends and challenges in fire industries and summarizes systematically. The fire IoT aims to connect different things over the networks related with fire. Service Oriented Architecture is applied to support fire IoT. In that layers interact each other for monitoring fire and products. This paper functionally realizes some of the layer required for fire monitoring and industry. Sensing layer is functionally realized with WSN node with sensors, RFID tagged device and Video node for fire and product monitoring. All things such as sensor network, mobile network are connected together in the network layer. Service layer and interface layer are used to realize Mobile node data, WSN node data display and graph display for the fire related parameters.

Sensor networks have the potential to impact many aspects of medical care greatly. By outfitting patients with wireless, wearable vital sign sensors, collecting detailed real-time data on physiological status can be greatly simplified. In this article, we propose the system architecture for smart sensor platform based on advanced wireless sensor networks. An emerging application for wireless sensor networks involves their use in medical care. In hospitals or clinics, outfitting every patient with tiny, wearable wireless vital sign sensors would allow doctors, nurses and other caregivers to continuously monitor the status of their patients. In an emergency or disaster scenario, the same technology would enable medics to more effectively care for a large number of casualties. First responders could receive immediate notifications on any changes in patient status, such as respiratory failure or cardiac arrest. Wireless sensor network is a set of small, autonomous devices, working together to solve different ...