Search

In the present investigation, a study was consisting of six female parents and three male parents were effected in line × tester (6 x 3) program. The resulting 18 F1s were evaluated along with the nine parents and one check (PKV Green Gold) in Randomized Block Design with three replications during the Kharif-2014. The observations on five randomly selected plants in each replication were recorded for four characters viz; days to 50 percent flowering, days to maturity, grain yield per plant (g), and seeds per pods. A considerable amount of heterosis was observed for all characters. The highest heterotic effect was observed in BM-2002-1 x AKM-0603 (145.93percent) for grain yield per plant. The hybrids showed significant positive heterosis over check PKV green gold for all the characters under study. The cross combination BPMR-145 x AKM-10-07 for earliness and grain yield per plant is recommended for heterosis breeding for earliness and to boost low yield levels of green gram.

The location of care for many brain-injured patients has changed since 2012 following the development of major trauma centres. Advances in management of ischaemic stroke have led to the urgent transfer of many more patients. The basis of care has remained largely unchanged, however, with emphasis on maintaining adequate cerebral perfusion as the key to preventing secondary injury. Organisational aspects and training for transfers are highlighted, and we have included an expanded section on paediatric transfers. We have also provided a table with suggested blood pressure parameters for the common types of brain injury but acknowledge that there is little evidence for many of our recommendations. These guidelines remain a mix of evidence-based and consensus-based statements. We have received assistance from many organisations representing clinicians who care for these patients, and we believe our views represent the best of current thinking and opinion. We encourage departments to review their own practice using our suggestions for audit and quality improvement.

Anaesthetists are thought to be at increased risk of suicide amongst the medical profession. The aims of the following guidelines are: increase awareness of suicide and associated vulnerabilities, risk factors and precipitants; to emphasise safe ways to respond to individuals in distress, both for them and for colleagues working alongside them; and to support individuals, departments and organisations in coping with a suicide.

There has been an increase in the number of units providing anaesthesia for magnetic resonance imaging and the strength of magnetic resonance scanners, as well as the number of interventions and operations performed within the magnetic resonance environment. More devices and implants are now magnetic resonance imaging conditional, allowing scans to be undertaken in patients for whom this was previously not possible. There has also been a revision in terminology relating to magnetic resonance safety of devices. These guidelines have been put together by organisations who are involved in the pathways for patients needing magnetic resonance imaging. They reinforce the safety aspects of providing anaesthesia in the magnetic resonance environment, from the multidisciplinary decision making process, the seniority of anaesthetist accompanying the patient, to training in the recognition of hazards of anaesthesia in the magnetic resonance environment. For many anaesthetists this is an unfamiliar site to give anaesthesia, often in a remote site. Hospitals should develop and audit governance procedures to ensure that anaesthetists of all grades are competent to deliver anaesthesia safely in this area.

Following a 2-3-month period of publicity, anaesthetists were invited to participate in an online survey that was administered by a third party company on behalf of the Association of Anaesthetists and ran between 3 September and 31 October 2018. Anaesthetists working in the UK or Ireland were asked about the presence or absence of welfare/support structures or resources in their workplace in the case of mental illness, addiction and/or suicide. Anaesthetists working anywhere in the world were also asked for their experiences of a colleague's suicide, defined as a colleague's taking his or her own life - whether intentional or not - while practising as an anaesthetist in the UK or Ireland, in the same department and at the same time as the respondent. Respondents were also asked about experiences of other suicides not meeting this definition. A total of 3638 responses were received. Most respondents were unaware of the existence of policies/guidance on mental illness, addiction or suicide, or of welfare leads, within their Trust or department. A total of 1916 cases of suicide meeting the survey's definition were reported by 1397 respondents, although the actual number of discrete cases is unknown because of likely multiple reporting of the same cases. A third of respondents who reported a suicide had experience of more than one case. Most reports were of suicide in the last 10 years, and most reported cases involved anaesthetic drugs. Deficiencies were noted in the support available and in the way the deaths were handled, although examples of good support were also described. A further 1715 respondents reported suicides that did not meet the primary definition. Overall, 92% of respondents reporting suicide experienced it through work, and 41% outside of work (total > 100% as some reported both). Although unable to provide estimates of suicide rates, or numerical associations between the features of the deaths, this survey highlights the considerable emotional and mental burden of suicide on anaesthetists.

Summary Pre-hospital emergency anaesthesia with oral tracheal intubation is the technique of choice for trauma patients who cannot maintain their airway or achieve adequate ventilation. It should be carried out as soon as safely possible, and performed to the same standards as in-hospital emergency anaesthesia. It should only be conducted within organisations with comprehensive clinical governance arrangements. Techniques should be straightforward, reproducible, as simple as possible and supported by the use of checklists. Monitoring and equipment should meet in-hospital anaesthesia standards. Practitioners need to be competent in the provision of in-hospital emergency anaesthesia and have supervised pre-hospital experience before carrying out pre-hospital emergency anaesthesia. Training programmes allowing the safe delivery of pre-hospital emergency anaesthesia by non-physicians do not currently exist in the UK. Where pre-hospital emergency anaesthesia skills are not available, oxygenation and ventilation should be maintained with the use of second-generation supraglottic airways in patients without airway reflexes, or basic airway manoeuvres and basic airway adjuncts in patients with intact airway reflexes.

Blood transfusion can be life-saving. Anaesthetists regularly request and administer blood components to their patients. All anaesthetists must be familiar with indications and appropriate use of blood and blood components and their alternatives, but close liaison with haematology specialists and their local blood sciences laboratory is encouraged. Considerable changes in approaches to optimal use of blood components, together with the use of alternative products, have become apparent over the past decade, leading to a need to update previous guidelines and adapt them for the use of anaesthetists working throughout the hospital system.

Five lines were crossed with 10 testers in L x T mating design to estimate the combining ability for seed yield in sunflower. Non-additive genetic variance played a predominant role in the inheritance of all the characters studied viz. , days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height, head diameter, number of seeds per head, 100 seed weight, seed yield per plant, hull content, volume weight and oil content. The lines CMS-148 and CMS-607 and testers SVR-467, SVR-490 and SVR-491 can be considered as superior parents in the present study as they recorded high per se performance with positively significant general combining ability effect for seed yield per plant. Good general combiners for seed yield were also the good general combiners for one or more yield contributing traits.Among the 50 hybrids evaluated, crosses viz. , CMS-107 x SVR-472, CMS-378 x SVR-444 and CMS-351 x SVR-495 were considered as superior hybrids as they recorded high per se performance and significant specific combining ability effect for seed yield per plant.

Studies on genetic variability, character association and path co-efficient analysis were conducted on 40 rice genotypes. Analysis of variance revealed considerable variability among the genotypes for all the characters. A high genotypic and phenotypic co-efficient of variation was observed for grain yield per plant, straw yield per plant, productive tillers per plant, spikelets per panicle, harvest index, 1000 grain weight, number of panicles per running meter, spikelet fertility, plant height, days to 50 per cent flowering and panicle length. Spikelets per panicle showed the highest broad sense heritability (95.81%). Grain yield per plant showed high value of heritability coupled with low genetic advance. The genotypic correlations among the yield traits and their path co-efficient were estimated. The grain yield per plant showed significant positive correlation with harvest index, 1000 grain weight, straw yield per plant, plant height and productive tillers per plant. The traits days to maturity, plant height, straw yield per plant and harvest index had moderate to high positive direct effect on grain yield per plant. The study revealed that genetic improvement of grain yield in rice is admissible by selecting characters having high positive correlation and positive direct effect.

Genetic diversity was assessed in 40 genotypes of rice for 12 quantitative characters including grain yield using Mahalanobis D 2 statistics. The D 2 values between all possible pairs of 40 genotypes ranged from 26.32 to 404.814. The results revealed that 40 genotypes were grouped into 8 clusters with substantial divergence between them. Cluster I was very large comprising 24 genotypes followed by cluster II with 10 genotypes, while clusters III to VIII were solitary clusters. The maximum inter-cluster distance was obtained between cluster VI and VII (D = 20.12) followed by those between cluster VII and VIII (D = 18.56) which may serve as potential parents for hybridization, whereas, minimum between cluster III and IV (D = 5.13). The highest intra cluster distance was recorded for cluster II (D = 7.96) and lowest for cluster I (D = 6.62). The genotypes in the cluster VI had lowest mean value (89.67) for days to 50 per cent flowering indicating their use in breeding program for development of early maturing varieties. Cluster VIII recorded high grain yield per plant showing its potential for yield improvement. The characters number of spikelets per panicle and days to 50 per cent flowering contributed maximum in the manifestation of genetic divergence. RDN-20, RDN-11, Phule Radha, RDN-18 and RDN-5 may serve as potential donors for future hybridization programmes.

developed a new algorithm for route discovery, nodes management, and mobility handling for on-demand cache routing on mobile Ad-Hoc networks (MANET). We used Ad- Hoc On demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol as the better known reactive protocol, as well as using Link State algorithm of the Optimize Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol together. We used two levels of caches memory L-1 and L-2 along with link state routing table for each node. Which maintaining by using the algorithm of OLSR, which working under the AODV protocol. For mobility handling, we used link state algorithm working under AODV to manage node addition, deletion and movement in the network efficiently. We used the Network simulator NS-2 version 2.29 to show the results comparing with the AODV used just cache memory, and comparing with AODV without cache memory. The results shows that our algorithms outperform comparing with AODV without cache memories, and AODV with two levels of cache memory on packet delivery rate, where the link state routing protocol is used to distribute and maintain routing information among various nodes within a domain by using two messages which are Hello messages and Topology Control messages (TC) .

The splash and spill effects caused by the impact of a ball dropped from a height into a granular medium held in a small open container are examined. Different granular media, namely rice, mustard seeds, cream of wheat and plastic beads are used. The quantity of spilled-over granular matter ( W , grams) is measured as a function of the ball-drop height and compared for different cases. Digital pictures of the splash process are also recorded. The quantity W is seen to vary approximately linearly with the energy of impact. Interestingly, a distinct upward jump is seen in the spilled quantity at specific impact energy in the case of mustard seeds, which have spherical shape and also exhibit some charging effects. Similar jump was also confirmed for the case of plastic beads with broadly similar properties. Although the parameters such as mass per grain and packing density for the case of mustard seeds are intermediate between those for rice and cream of wheat, the spill quantity for comparable impact energy is considerably higher in the former case. The possible reasons for this non-monotonicity of behavior are discussed in terms of the differences in grain shapes and properties. Experiments are also performed using plastic beads of the same type but with four different sizes to explore the dependence of spilled quantity on bead size. The container size dependence is also examined for various bead types. Interesting systematics are seen, which are discussed qualitatively.

We have studied the physical properties of epitaxial La0.67−xPrxCa0.33MnO3(LPCMO) (x=0.13, 0.20, 0.27) thin films under different type and degree of substrate induced biaxial strain. Films with thickness of 300, 600, and 1000 A grown on crystalline NdGaO3 (negligible strain), LaAlO3 (compressive strain), and SrTiO3 (tensile strain) by pulsed laser deposition are examined. Our data suggest occurrence of metastable phase mixtures in these films, with the volume fractions controlled by strain. In particular, melting of the charge ordered phase is seen to occur in thin films on SrTiO3 at fields as low as 1 T, in the low temperature regime. The deviation of ρ(T) from the effective medium theory further indicates that LPCMO thin films cannot be described as simple metal–insulator mixtures.

Thin films of Sr2FeMoO6 have been deposited on single-crystalline and polycrystalline SrTiO3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition from a stoichiometric target. In order to obtain high-quality films, the deposition parameters were systematically optimized. The films grown under optimized conditions show properties comparable to those of bulk Sr2FeMoO6 single crystals. Surprisingly, polycrystalline films obtained by depositing on polycrystalline SrTiO3 substrates do not show any significant low-field magnetoresistance (MR), contrary to expectations for a spin-polarized material. However, after controlled annealing-induced alteration of the grain-boundary properties, a development of the low-field MR feature is clearly observed. The occurrence of the low-field MR is accompanied by nonlinearity in the current-voltage characteristics. These results are analyzed in the light of the prevalent understanding of the properties of this double perovskite material.

The influence of aluminum doping at Mn-site in La0.75Ca0.25MnO3 has been investigated, in the light of magnetotransport, and structural properties. As the aluminum concentration increases, the metal–insulator transition temperature (TP) decreases while activation energy in the insulating region (T>TP), resistivity and maximum value of magnetoresistance (MR) increases. The unit cell volume decreases slightly as the aluminum concentration increases. The observed results are analyzed in term of defect clustering due to aluminum doping at Mn-site induced random spin disorder and local strain and its effect on the magnetotransport properties.

The oxygen content of La0.5Ca0.5MnOy was tuned by annealing the samples at high temperatures in flowing nitrogen with graphite powder nearby. The reduction of oxygen content has dramatic effect on the electrical transport and magnetic properties. The samples with y=2.983, 2.83, and 2.803 show an insulator-metal transition, and an unusual temperature and magnetic-field dependence of the magnetoresistance. The paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition also shifts to lower temperatures and the antiferromagnetic transition at lower temperature is suppressed. The results are discussed in terms of the effect of oxygen vacancies on the various properties of La0.5Ca0.5MnOy. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.

We present a detailed study of synthesis by pulsed laser ablation and the magnetic characterization of nanosized powders of iron oxides and strontium ferrite. In the case of iron oxide, it is found that the particle formation and their growth take place in the gas phase before reaching the cold finger (used as substrate for condensation). However, in the case of strontium ferrite, the as-condensed material is amorphous, and requires annealing at high temperature to induce nanoparticle growth. Very high values of intrinsic coercive field (∼6665±10 Oe) are realized for the strontium ferrite powder having an average particle size of about 35 nm. The temperature variation of coercive field and remanence of the nanosized powders is found to be substantially different from those of the corresponding bulk materials.

We report the results of systematic studies of the effect of thin film deposition conditions, such as deposition temperature, oxygen pressure during deposition, etc., on the microstructural, magnetic, and microwave properties of pulsed laser deposited epitaxial thin films of barium ferrite on single crystal sapphire substrates. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidths are very sensitive to the presence of defects and inhomogeneities and therefore change markedly with the variation of deposition parameters. After careful optimization of the deposition conditions, relatively narrow resonance lines were realized in these films. For further improvement in the film quality, these films were annealed at elevated temperatures in flowing oxygen. As a result of the high degree of epitaxy, good stoichiometry, and reduced concentration of defects, FMR linewidths as small as 37 Oe were obtained in films deposited at 920 °C and subsequently annealed at 1000 °C in an oxygen atmosphere.

The influence of swift heavy ion (SHI) irradiation on transport properties of epitaxial thin films of La0.75Ca0.25MnO3 (LCMO) is studied. The films were irradiated with 90 MeV16O beams and 250 MeV107 Ag beams at different fluence values. In the case of 90 MeV16O ions LCMO specimens were irradiated to 1011-1014 ions/cm2 and for 250 MeV107Ag ions with 1010–1013 ions/cm2. A systematic variation in Curie temperature (T c) or resistivity peak temperature (T p) has been observed. It has been noted that for both types of ions the T p increased for the specimen irradiated at 1011 ions/cm2 fluence. Further increase of fluence decreased the T p value and at higher fluence (1014 ions/cm2 for 90 MeV16O and 1013 ions/cm2 for 250 MeV107 Ag ions) the specimens showed no metal-to-insulator transition even at low temperature down to 77K. They show completely semiconducting behavior with high resistance values. These results are discussed in terms of SHI irradiation-induced structural distrotion and strain on thin...

Epitaxial films of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 have been irradiated with 90 MeV oxygen ions at different dose values ranging from 1011–1014 ions/cm2. The structural, magnetization, and magnetotransport properties have been studied as a function of the ion dose. It is found that the properties change gradually up to a dose of 1013 ions/cm2; however, drastic changes occur when the sample is irradiated at the higher dose of 1014 ions/cm2. Specifically, this sample exhibits a large, nearly temperature independent magnetoresistance in the low temperature regime. The Rutherford backscattering channeling data bring out the presence of defects in the irradiated films. The x-ray diffraction data, the temperature dependence of resistivity and magnetization, and the low temperature magnetic hysterisis data collectively indicate the presence of two different phases in the sample irradiated at 1014 ions/cm2. The surface morphology of this film, observed by atomic force microscopy, exhibits swelling, presumably due to subsurface cl...

The consequences of 85 MeV 16 O ion irradiations on the magnetization behavior of micron-sized and nano-sized powders of hexagonal ferrite (SrFe 12 O 19 ) are examined. The powders were characterized by vibrating sample magnetometery (VSM), Mossbauer spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Significant changes in hysteresis loop features are observed after irradiation in the case of micron-sized powders, whereas no change is seen in the case of nano-sized powders. The issue of stability of defect states in small systems based on the consideration of elastic energy is discussed.

The goal of proposed method is to enhance the safety and security by identifying the abandoned objects in the environment under consideration. This paper mainly exploits some of the properties of image processing and embedded system to implement the Video Analytics based robust and simple Security System for the surveillance of environment for twenty four hours a day. Proposed method supports a human operator by automatically detecting abandoned objects and drawing operator's attention to such events. This method is based on the various methods of the image processing and pattern recognition such as Gaussian Mixture model, Absolute background subtraction, image segmentation, connected component analysis and Histogram of oriented gradient. The algorithm evaluation is done on the hardware platform viz. Friendly Arm and INTEL's IVI board. Here we find results which explain whether the accuracy and reliability can be achieved at the cost of processing power. This is done to reduce the cost of system. Abandoned object can be decided by time basis. Proposed algorithm fits for the PETS2006 dataset and works real time. We have used OpenCV as software platform.

Ultrafine/nanosize powders of iron oxide have been synthesized from a sintered α- Fe 2 O 3 target by pulsed excimer laser ablation and cold condensation. The influence of target porosity and temperature of condensation on the formation of nanosize particles has been studied. The nanosize powders have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry and scanning electron microscopy. It is shown that the formation of ultrafine/nanosize particles is strongly governed by the target porosity, whereas, the temperature of condensation, over a range from 27°C to −130°C, does not affect the magnetic properties of the nanoparticles.

Pulsed-laser-deposited polycrystalline/amorphous films of mixed-valent manganites [La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 (LCMO), La0.5Sr0.5MnO3 (LSMO), La0.5Ba0.5MnO3 (LBMO), and (La0.6Pr0.4)0.67Ca0.33MnO3 (LPCMO)] grown at low temperature (450 °C) on single crystal (001) silicon substrate are evaluated for uncooled bolometric applications. It is shown that the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) and electrical noise (Sv) depend on the chemical composition. The optimum performance is found for LCMO with TCR of ∼7% K−1 and spectral noise ∼8.9×10−13 V2/Hz. In LBMO and LSMO the noise is much lower, but so is the TCR (1.5%–2% K−1). In LPCMO the TCR is high (∼10% K−1) and the noise is as well.

The effect of 200 MeV Ag ion irradiation on the temperature and field dependence of critical current density (JC) of high quality MgB2 thin films is studied. Substantial increase in JC is observed over a certain field range for the film irradiated at a dose of 1012 ions/cm2. Our analysis suggests that columnar defects are not formed under irradiation conditions used in these studies, which correspond to an electronic energy loss of about 16 keV/nm. Defects clusters are likely to be responsible for the observed improvement in JC.

Transparent conducting films of SnO2 are grown on single-crystal R-Al2O3 substrates by the pulsed electron beam deposition (PED) technique, and their electrical, optical, and microstructural properties are compared with the films grown by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD). In PED, the pulsed electron beam used for ablation is generated by a channel-spark system with discharge voltage of 12 kV, current ∼1 kA, and pulse duration of ∼100 ns. The PED films are highly oriented, show good epitaxy, and are highly transparent with transmittance of ∼80% in the visible and IR range. The measured band gap is close to 3.9 eV. It is shown that the PED film properties compare well with those of PLD films, with the 119Sn Mossbauer spectroscopy showing comparable local environments in the two.

An all-perovskite ferroelectric field-effect transistor with a ferroelectric Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 (PZT) gate and a colossal magnetoresistive La0.8Ca0.2MnO3 (LCMO) channel has been successfully fabricated by pulsed-laser deposition on Si. A clear and square channel resistivity hysteresis loop, commensurate with the ferroelectric hysteresis loop of PZT, is observed. A maximum modulation of 20% after an electric field poling of 1.5×105 V/cm, and 50% under a magnetic field of 1 T, are achieved near the metal-insulator transition temperature of the LCMO channel. A data retention time of at least one day is measured. The effects of electric and magnetic fields on the LCMO channel resistance are discussed within the framework of phase separation scenario.

Ferromagnetism is observed at and above room temperature in pulsed laser deposited epitaxial films of Co-doped Ti-based oxide perovskite (La1-xSrxTiO3-d). The system has the characteristics of an intrinsic diluted magnetic semiconductor (metal) at low concentrations (

The effect of simultaneous substitution of Nd and Ca in the antiferromagnetic insulator, LaMnO3, is studied by x-ray diffraction, magnetoresistance, and magnetization measurements. X-ray powder diffraction patterns of La1−2xNdxCaxMnO3 polycrystalline bulk samples for x=0.2, 0.33, and 0.4 confirm the single-phase formation of orthorhombic perovskite structure (space group Pbnm). The unit cell volume decreases with increasing Nd/Ca substitution. Changes in the temperature dependence of resistivity from semiconducting to metallic, and an increase of the ferromagnetic transition temperature, are observed in this series with increasing x. For x=0.2, 0.33, and 0.4, the metal-insulator transition temperature (Tp) is 72, 140, and 155 K, respectively, and the magnetoresistance (MR) observed in this system in 2 T applied magnetic field around Tp is 35%, 99% and 65%, respectively. The MR of 99% for the x=0.33 sample is promising for practical device applications where MR at low fields is of special interest. The mag...

Epitaxial thin films of ferromagnet/insulator/ferromagnet layers (La0.7Ca0.3MnO3/LaAlO3/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3) of different thickness were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition. Microstructural analysis shows island growth on the thicker film surface. dc magnetization study demonstrates the strong signature of domain wall freezing for the composite film. An interesting feature is a cusp/upturn in field-cooled curve in the composite film-1, much below TB, the blocking temperature. The low temperature cusp disappears in the composite film-2. We suggest that a quasistable charge ordering via spin localization at low temperature, especially for film-1, is the origin of this feature.

Both ferromagnetic (FM) and charge-ordered domain structures of (La/sub 1-x/Pr/sub x/)/sub 0.67/Ca/sub 0.33/MnO/sub 3/ thin film were detected by magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and electric force microscopy (EFM) operated at low temperatures near the peak resistance temperature (T/sub p/). The in-plane-like FM domains of submicrometer size emerge below T/sub p/, and their magnetic interaction with an MFM tip becomes stronger as the temperature is reduced. Charge-ordered insulating regions have the strong electrostatic interaction with an EFM tip near T/sub p/, and the interaction correlates well with the temperature dependence of resistivity of the film.

A commercial atomic force microscope/magnetic force microscope (MFM) was modified to cool magnetic samples down to around 100 K under a high vacuum while maintaining its routine imaging functionality. MFM images of a 120 nm thick La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 film on a LaAlO3 substrate at low temperature show the paramagnetic-to-ferromagnetic phase transition. Evolution of magnetic domains and magnetic ripples with decreasing temperature are also observed near the edge of a 20 nm thick patterned Co film on a Si substrate.

A prominent theme in inorganic materials research is the creation of uniformly flat thin films and heterostructures over large wafers, which can subsequently be lithographically processed into functional devices. This letter proposes an approach that will lead to thin film topographies that are directly counter to the above-mentioned philosophy. Recent years have witnessed considerable research activity in the area of self-assembly of materials, stimulated by observations of self-organized behavior in biological systems. We have fabricated uniform arrays of nonplanar surface features by a spontaneous assembly process involving the oxidation of simple metals, especially under constrained conditions on a variety of substrates, including glass and Si. In this letter we demonstrate the pervasiveness of this process through examples involving the oxidation of Pd, Cu, Fe, and In. The feature sizes can be controlled through the grain size and thickness of the starting metal thin film. Finally, we demonstrate how...

We report on the effects of using SrFe7Al5O19 as a buffer layer for growth of high-quality epitaxial barium-ferrite thin films on sapphire substrates. X-ray diffraction studies reveal that the buffer layer causes the interfacial strains in the barium-ferrite films to relax. As a result, the ferromagnetic resonance linewidth decreases even in the as-deposited case. However, the more striking result is the drastic reduction in the linewidth that occurs when the barium-ferrite film is deposited on the buffer layer and subsequently annealed at 1000 °C for 2 h, allowing the observation of a large number of spin-wave resonances (up to the 15th mode), indicating an improvement in both the surface and interface characteristics.

A systematic study of the magnetic properties and the Hall effect was performed on pulsed laser deposited 5% cobalt doped $(\mathrm{La},\mathrm{Sr})\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ thin films, especially grown at high substrate temperature. The system is found to be superparamagnetic in nature as evidenced by several protocols of magnetic measurements. Nevertheless, the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) is observed in the system, the profile of the measured Hall resistivity vs magnetic field being found to be identical to the magnetic hysteresis loops. This highlights the limitations of AHE as a tool to test the intrinsic nature of ferromagnetism in a diluted magnetic system, supporting our previous report for the $\mathrm{Co}:\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ case [S. R. Shinde et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 166601 (2004)]. It is believed that the magnetic clusters polarize nearby electrons and the nonzero polarization leads to a net transverse current because of the spin dependent scattering, which gives rise to the observed AHE. We found that the magnitude of the AHE signal observed in the current extrinsic diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) is much lower (by a few orders of magnitude) than that found in the intrinsic long range ferromagnetic ordered DMS, which raises the possibility for using this magnitude, rather than the occurrence of AHE, as a criterion for intrinsic or extrinsic diluted magnetic system.