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The purpose of this study is to get an overview of the role of accountants in terms of existing literature in relation to information related to Environmental Social Governance (ESG). In addition to the role of accountants, the role of the audit committee is also needed as an independent party in order to minimize the opportunities for accountants and management to commit fraud. Methods: The research method in this article is qualitative research with a literature review approach obtained from articles and journals from pre-existing research. Literature review is a form of literature research by reading various types of books, journals, and the like related to the topic of discussion in research to produce a scientific paper, such as research articles, dissertations, theses, and others. Results: Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) information disclosure practices are one of the good strategies to implement for companies, because disclosure of this information is needed to shape a company's image. In order to care and increase awareness of the social environment and surrounding governance. This makes Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) a tool for companies to gain legitimacy from the community and stakeholders, where it will cause a positive response in the community by giving confidence in the use of company products, and also trust when investing in the company.

The land registry system is one of the crucial aspects of any government. Proper and reliable land management is essential for economic growth and governance. The traditional land registry model lacks many essential requirements and mired with a different type of malpractices and security concerns. Blockchain technology has been proposed as a possible solution to counter these malpractices and security concerns. Even though there are many advantages of using blockchain in the land registry, still there are some concerns and challenges that need to be reviewed and addressed for successful blockchain implementation in the land registry. This paper reviews the current state of blockchain implementation in the land registry and the existing project being implemented in different countries. It further highlights the requirements, implications and challenges for successfully implementing blockchain in the land registry system. This paper provides a future direction for new implementations.

This morphological and immunohistochemical study demonstrates that tumors currently known as "middle ear adenomas" are truly well-differentiated epithelial neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) composed of cells comparable to normal intestinal L cells, and therefore, these tumors resemble hindgut NETs. These tumors show consistent expression of glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, PYY, and the transcription factor SATB2, as well as generic neuroendocrine markers and keratins. The same L cell markers are expressed by cells within the normal middle ear epithelium. These markers define a valuable immunohistochemical profile that can be used for differential diagnosis of middle ear neoplasms, particularly in distinguishing epithelial NETs from paragangliomas. The discovery of neuroendocrine cells expressing the same markers in non-neoplastic middle ear mucosa opens new areas of investigation into the physiology of the normal middle ear and the pathophysiology of middle ear disorders.

Background: Amyloidosis is a protein misfolding disorder that leads to the deposition of beta-pleated sheets of a fibrillar derivative of various protein precursors. Identification of the type of precursor protein is integral in treatment decision-making. The presence of two different types of amyloid in the same patient is unusually rare, and there are no previous reports of two different types of amyloid deposition in the ligamentum flavum (LF) in the same patient. Case Description: Here, we describe two patients with spinal stenosis who underwent laminectomies and were found to have AL and ATTR amyloid deposits in the LF. Conclusion: As the spine is becoming recognized as a site for ATTRwt amyloid deposition, patients undergoing spinal decompression surgery may potentially benefit from evaluation for amyloidosis in the LF.

BACKGROUND Paragangliomas (PGLs) are rare neoplasms that may be associated with hereditary PGL syndromes and variable risk of metastasis. Middle ear adenomas are extremely rare tumors with no known hereditary predisposition and extremely low risk of metastasis. Although often easily differentiated, they may share clinical and pathological features that misdirect and confuse the diagnosis. OBSERVATIONS The authors discussed a 35-year-old woman with left-sided hearing loss and bleeding from the external ear canal who presented to an outside hospital. She underwent resection of a middle ear and mastoid mass, initially diagnosed as a middle ear adenoma with neuroendocrine features, with later mastoidectomy and ligation of the sigmoid sinus with microsurgical excision of persistent tumor in the jugular foramen and temporal bone. Histopathologically, her tumor was vascular, composed of benign-appearing epithelioid cells with “salt and pepper” neuroendocrine chromatin arranged in vague nests. Lesional cells were GATA3-immunopositive, glucagon-negative, and succinate dehydrogenase-immunonegative, consistent with PGL rather than middle ear adenoma, and required further workup for hereditary PGL syndromes. LESSONS This case demonstrates potential challenges in differentiating a PGL from a middle ear adenoma. The authors offer clinical, histopathological, and imaging principles to aid in diagnosis and workup.

ChromoUpdate is a texture transfer system for fast design iteration. For the early stages of design, ChromoUpdate provides a fast grayscale preview that enables a texture to be transferred in under one minute. Once designers are satisfied with the grayscale texture, ChromoUpdate supports designers in coloring the texture by transitioning individual pixels directly to a desired target color. Finally, if designers need to make a change to the color texture already transferred, ChromoUpdate can quickly transition individual pixels from one color to a new target color. ChromoUpdate accomplishes this by (1) using a UV projector rather than a UV LED, which enables pixels to be saturated individually rather than resetting the entire texture to black, and (2) providing two new texture transfer algorithms that allow for fast grayscale previews and color-to-color transitions. Our evaluation shows a significant increase in texture transfer speed for both the grayscale preview (89%) and color-to-color updates (11%).

ObjectivesInforming research participants of the results of studies in which they took part is viewed as an ethical imperative. However, there is little guidance in the literature about how to do this. The Fluoxetine Or Control Under Supervision trial randomised 3127 patients with a recent acute stroke to 6 months of fluoxetine or placebo and was published in the Lancet on 5 December 2018. The trial team decided to inform the participants of the results at exactly the same time as the Lancet publication, and also whether they had been allocated fluoxetine or placebo. In this report, we describe how we informed participants of the results.DesignIn the 6-month and 12-month follow-up questionnaires, we invited participants to provide an email address if they wished to be informed of the results of the trial. We re-opened our trial telephone helpline between 5 December 2018 and 31 March 2019.SettingUK stroke services.Participants3127 participants were randomised. 2847 returned 6-month follow-up forms and 2703 returned 12-month follow-up forms; the remaining participants had died (380), withdrawn consent or did not respond.ResultsOf those returning follow-up questionnaires, a total of 1845 email addresses were provided and a further 50 people requested results to be sent by post. Results were sent to all email and postal addresses provided; 309 emails were returned unrecognised. Seventeen people replied, of whom three called the helpline and the rest responded by email.ConclusionIt is feasible to disseminate results of large trials to research participants, though only around 60% of those randomised wanted to receive the results. The system we developed was efficient and required very little resource, and could be replicated by trialists in the future.Trial registration numberISRCTN83290762; Post-results.

In most situations in the real world, once an object is fabricated, the color is permanent and cannot be changed again. For the Emerging Technologies exhibit, we will present a technology to create re-programmable multi-color textures that are made from a single material only. This technology is based on photochromic dyes that can switch their appearance from transparent to colored when exposed to the light of a certain wavelength. By mixing cyan, magenta, and yellow (CMY) photochromic dyes into a single solution and leveraging the different absorption spectra of each dye, we can control each color channel in the solution separately. Our approach can transform single-material fabrication techniques, such as coating, into high-resolution multi-color processes. In addition, as the color-changing process is fully reversible, users can recolor objects multiple times.

International audience; The HCI community has a strong and growing interest in shape-changing interfaces (SCIs) that can offer dynamic af-fordance. In this context, there is an increasing need for HCI researchers and designers to form close relationships with disciplines such as robotics and material science in order to be able to truly harness the state-of-the-art in morphing technologies. To help these synergies arise, we present Morphino: a card-based toolkit to inspire shape-changing interface designs. Our cards bring together a collection of morphing mechanisms already established in the multidisciplinary literature and illustrate them through familiar examples from nature. We begin by detailing the design of the cards, based on a review of shape-change in nature; then, report on a series of design sessions conducted to demonstrate their usefulness in generating new ideas and in helping end-users gain a better understanding of the possibilities for shape-changing materials.

Re-programmable materials, such as those which can change their color in response to external stimuli, hold the promise for a future in which objects will re-configure according to a user's needs. In this course, we will provide participants with an in-depth understanding of color-changing materials, brainstorm novel applications in HCI, discuss technical solutions to realize participants' ideas, and conduct a hands-on session with one color-changing system from our prior works. Our team is uniquely positioned to host this workshop since we combine expertise in materials, optics, computational geometry, and personal fabrication. At the end of this course, we will summarize the results as a research agenda for future work on re-programmable color-changing materials.

© 2020 ACM. We present Sprayable User Interfaces: room-sized interactive surfaces that contain sensor and display elements created by airbrushing functional inks. Since airbrushing is inherently mobile, designers can create large-scale user interfaces on complex 3D geometries where existing stationary fabrication methods fail. To enable Sprayable User Interfaces, we developed a novel design and fabrication pipeline that takes a desired user interface layout as input and automatically generates stencils for airbrushing the layout onto a physical surface. After fabricating stencils from cardboard or projecting stencils digitally, designers spray each layer with an airbrush, attach a microcontroller to the user interface, and the interface is ready to be used. Our technical evaluation shows that Sprayable User Interfaces work on various geometries and surface materials, such as porous stone and rough wood. We demonstrate our system with several application examples including interactive smart home applications on a wall and a soft leather sofa, an interactive smart city application, and interactive architecture in public office spaces.

© 2020 Association for Computing Machinery. We present NURBSforms: A modular shape-changing interface for prototyping curved surfaces. Each NURBSform module represents an edge of variable curvature that, when joined together with other modules, enables designers to construct surfaces and adjust their curvature interactively. NURBSform modules vary their curvature using active and passive shape memory materials: An embedded shape memory alloy (SMA) wire increases the curvature when heated, while an elastic material recovers the flat shape when the SMA wire cools down. A hall effect sensor on each module allows users to vary the curvature by adjusting the distance of their hand. In addition, NURBSforms provides functions across multiple modules, such as ?save', ?reset', and ?load', to facilitate design exploration. Since each module is self-contained and individually controllable, NURBSform modules scale well and can be connected into large networks of curves representing various geometries. By giving examples of different NURBSforms assemblies, we demonstrate how the modularity of NURBSforms, together with its integrated computational support, enables designers to quickly explore different versions of a shape in a single integrated design process.

Ni nanoparticle-added Ni x /(Cu0.5Tl0.5)Ba2Ca2 Cu3 O 10-δ superconductor composites are synthesized at normal pressure by two-step solid-state reaction method. The idea for adding ferromagnetic nanoparticles was to create artificial pinning centers at grain boundaries. The samples have shown orthorhombic crystal structure in which the cell parameters increase with an increase in the added concentration of Ni nanoparticles. This shows that due to the higher reactivity, Ni nanoparticles partially diffuse into the unit cell of (Cu0.5Tl0.5)Ba2Ca2Cu3 O 10-δ superconductors. This also indicates as an evidence of the occupancy of these nanoparticles at grain boundaries. A metallic variation of resistivity from room temperature down to the onset of superconductivity is a typical feature of these samples with T c (R = 0) varying between 92 and 94 K. The magnitude of diamagnetism is significantly enhanced in 7 and 10% nanoparticle-added samples. The enhanced magnetization of ferromagnetic nanoparticles at reduced temperature plays a vital role in reducing the diamagnetism of nanosuperconductor composites. The softening of apical oxygen modes of type Cu(1)–OA–Cu(2) has confirmed the diffusion of Ni nanoparticles into the unit cell of the final compound. The excess conductivity analyses of conductivity data have shown that the values of B c (0), B c1, and J c are enhanced with the addition of Ni nanoparticles in the final compound. Variation of superconducting properties was attributed to pair breaking due to spin scattering across these ferromagnetic Ni nanoparticles. This shows that added Ni nanoparticles act as efficient pinning centers, which is also confirmed by the suppression of the London penetration depth.

In this paper, we present a method to create re-programmable multi-color textures that are made from a single material only. The key idea builds on the use of photochromic inks that can switch their appearance from transparent to colored when exposed to light of a certain wavelength. By mixing cyan, magenta, and yellow (CMY) photochromic dyes into a single solution and leveraging the different absorption spectra of each dye, we can control each color channel in the solution separately. Our approach can transform single-material fabrication techniques, such as coating, into high-resolution multi-color processes. We discuss the material mixing procedure, modifications to the light source, and the algorithm to control each color channel. We then show the results from an experiment in which we evaluated the available color space and the resolution of our textures. Finally, we demonstrate our user interface that allows users to transfer virtual textures onto physical objects and show a range of application examples.

There is a desire to increase cattle production on Sumbawa Island but anecdotal reports from farmers indicate that calf mortality can be high. The aim of this paper is to report the occurrence and common causes of calf mortality, as well as to determine if colostral antibody transfer is sufficient in new-born calves. Personal interviews were conducted with 27 farmers. Immunoglobulins were measured in neonatal calves (n=18) using the FASTest IgG Bovine kit. The presence of various pathogens was investigated in fecal samples from calves (n=12) with signs of diarrhea between 1-2 months of age using the FASTest D4T bovine kit and the presence of gastrointestinal parasites was investigated using fecal floatation from pre-weaned calves (3 weeks-3 months of age; n=62). From the questionnaire calf losses ranged from 10–27%, with most losses occurring in older calves. Only one of the 18 calves demonstrated an insufficient concentration of IgG in serum, indicating the possibility of failure of passive transfer from the dam. Of the samples tested from scouring calves, 7 out of 12 samples tested positive for one of the microorganisms causing general diarrhoea in calves. A range of different gastrointestinal nematode parasites were found although very few coccidial oocysts were seen. The results of these studies indicate that calf mortality is high and will be a limitation on the production of beef cattle for slaughter in the Dompu region of Sumbawa Island. Further investigation is required to determine which pathogens are the cause of this calf loss.

(CoFe2O4)x/Cu0.5Tl0.5Ba2Ca2Cu3O10−δ {(CoFe2O4)x/CuTl-1223}; (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) nanoparticles-superconductor composites were synthesized by solid–state reaction technique and dissipative mechanism was investigated by infield measurements and analysis. Activation energy {Uo(H)} was calculated from Arrhenius plots of infield resistivity measurements. The infield resistive properties of superconductors depend upon the fluxoid motion, which causes resistive transition broadening by shifting Tc (0) towards lower temperature values. The enhancement of transition broadening is attributed to spread of upper critical field in vortex state and dissipation process with applied magnetic field. Addition of magnetic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles reduces the fluxoid motion by introducing nano-sized defects in the host CuTl-1223 superconducting matrix, which act as effective flux pinning centers. An overall increase in the activation energy Uo(H) has been observed with increasing contents of magnetic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles, which elucidate the enhanced flux pinning with increasing CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles content up to x = 1.5 wt. % in CuTl-1223 superconducting matrix.

In this paper, we study the effects of the Kerr medium on the detection of a weak classical force acting on an optomechanical oscillator which is coupled purely dissipatively. We find that force sensing better than the standard quantum limit (SQL) of the mechanical oscillator can be achieved in the presence of Kerr medium. We show that increasing the strength of Kerr nonlinearity not only improves the force sensitivity but also increases the measurement bandwidth. Moreover, our results also show that the influence of thermal noise on force sensing is smaller in the presence of optical Kerr medium, thus making the system more robust against thermal fluctuations.

This perspective details the grand challenges of designing and manufacturing multifunctional materials to impart autonomous property recovery. The susceptibility of advanced engineering composites to brittle fracture has led to the emergence of self-healing materials. This functionality has been demonstrated in bulk polymers and fibre-reinforced composites; most recently through the addition of vascular networks into the host material. These network systems enable the healing agents to be transported over long distances and provide a means by which both the resin and hardener can be replenished, thus overcoming the inherent limitations of capsule-based systems. To date, vascule fabrication methods include machining, fugitive scaffold processes, a lost-wax process and the vaporisation of sacrificial components, but recent developments in additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have paved the way for more efficient, bio-inspired vascular designs (VDs) to be realised. This perspective reviews the current progress in vascular self-healing and discusses how AM technologies and new design methods can be exploited in order to fabricate networks that are optimised for fluid transport and structural efficiency. The perspective culminates in the discussion of eight grand challenges across three thematic areas: ‘VD’, ‘Healing Chemistry’ and ‘AM’, that are likely to have major breakthroughs and socio/economic impact as these technologies are developed further in the next 10–15 years.

With the proliferation of flexible displays and the advances in smart materials, it is now possible to create interactive devices that are not only flexible but can reconfigure into any shape on demand. Several Human Computer Interaction (HCI) and robotics researchers have started designing, prototyping and evaluating shape-changing devices, realising, however, that this vision still requires many engineering challenges to be addressed. On the material science front, we need breakthroughs in stable and accessible materials to create novel, proof-of-concept devices. On the interactive devices side, we require a deeper appreciation for the material properties and an understanding of how exploiting material properties can provide affordances that unleash the human interactive potential. While these challenges are interesting for the respective research fields, we believe that the true power of shape-changing devices can be magnified by bringing together these communities. In this paper we therefore present a review of advances made in shape-changing materials and discuss their applications within an HCI context.

SweepScreen is a digital paintbrush enabling the printing of low-fidelity lasting free form images. It is made of a row of electromagnets that turn on and off in a specific pattern while the user sweeps across the magnetophoretic surface, thus producing a custom image. Despite being low fidelity (black & white, static images), SweepScreen works on passive surfaces to create bistable images. It can therefore replace physical paper on notice boards, packaging or other labeling systems. It can also be used to fast prototype static free form displays to better understand interactions with new display form factors. This could be of interest for the shape-changing community which struggles to access manufactured free form displays. We present our concept and proof-of-concept prototypes that can print images on flat free form surfaces. We show the results of performance evaluations to test the viability of the device and finish with a discussion about current limitations.

This review covers biological activity of secondary metabolites, coumarin and their derivatives on different organisms (pests, pathogens, weeds), as well as their applications in agriculture as eco-friendly pesticides and weed control agents. Naturally occurring coumarins have shown biological and allelopathic potential on a broad range of organisms. Coumarin inhibits seed germination, root growth, morphology, histology, water uptake, respiration, photosynthesis, cell elongation, cell división and differentiation. Coumarin demonstrate excellent insecticidal potential against eggs, larvae and adult insects. Coumarin showed antifeedent responses in a wide range of memebers from invertebrates to vertebrates. The information provided in this review also shed light on further research and development of coumarin and its derivatives as potential plant protection lead compounds to control weeds and harmful pests. RESUMO: Esta revisão da literatura abrange a atividade biológica da cumarina enquanto metabólito secundário e seus derivados em diferentes organismos (pragas, agentes patogênicos, plantas daninhas), bem como suas aplicações na agricultura como pesticidas ecológicos e agentes de controle de plantas daninhas. As cumarinas de ocorrência natural mostraram potencial biológico e alelopático em uma ampla gama de organismos. A cumarina inibe a germinação das sementes, o crescimento radicular, a morfologia, a histologia, a absorção de água, a respiração, a fotossíntese, o alongamento celular, a divisão celular e a diferenciação. Além disso, ela demonstra excelente potencial inseticida contra ovos, larvas e insetos adultos, tendo apresentado resposta antialimentar em ampla gama de membros de invertebrados e vertebrados. As informações contidas nesta revisão também evidenciam novas pesquisas e o desenvolvimento da cumarina e seus derivados como potenciais compostos protetores de plantas para controle de plantas daninhas e pragas prejudiciais.

Self-healing materials have emerged as an alternative solution to the repair of damage in fibre-reinforced composites. Recent developments have largely focused on a vascular approach, due to the ability to transport healing agents over long distances and continually replenish from an external source. However fracture of the vascular network is required to enable the healing agents to infiltrate the crack plane, ceasing its primary function in transporting fluid and preventing the repair of any further damage events. Here we present a novel approach to vascular self-healing through the development and integration of 3D printed, porous, thermoplastic networks into a thermoset matrix. This concept exploits the inherently low surface chemistry of thermoplastic materials, which results in adhesive failure between the thermoplastic network and thermoset matrix on arrival of a propagating crack, thus exposing the radial pores of the network and allowing the healing agents to flow into the damage site. We investigate the potential of two additive manufacturing techniques, fused deposition modeling (FDM) and stereolithography, to fabricate free-standing, self-healing networks. Furthermore, we assess the interaction of a crack with branched network structures under static indentation in order to establish the feasibility of additive manufacture for multi-dimensional 3D printed self-healing networks.Copyright © 2017 by ASME

5-[(4-Chlorophenoxy)methyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol owing to the presence of –SH group is expected to have a significant reducing potential, which could be translated into antioxidant activity and to prove this, the present study explored the antioxidant potential and binding pattern of this compound to oxidative stress-related protein targets. The antioxidant properties were determined using in vitro methods with ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene as standards while interactions of 5-[(4-chlorophenoxy)methyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol with protein tyrosine kinase 2-β and glutathione reductase were determined using online software, Mcule 1-Click Docking, 3DLigandSite and COACH. The antioxidant activity of 5-[(4-chlorophenoxy)methyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol was found to be 89.30±0.013, 81.20±0.002, 80.52±0.016, 54.81±0.007, 52.87±0.008, 34.44±0.019 and 19.91±0.014 % in hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, phosphomolybdenum assay, nitric oxide scavenging assay, reducing power assay, ferric thiocyanate assay and β-carotene bleaching assay, respectively. In all these assays, EC50 of 5-[(4-chlorophenoxy)methyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol ranged from 0.32-0.93 mg/ml. The docking results indicated excellent binding to protein tyrosine kinase 2-β and glutathione reductase, maximum for the latter. The results of the present study revealed that 5-[(4-chlorophenoxy)methyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol has the propensity to abrogate oxidation by inducing endogenous defence system and preventing radical chain reactions, hence might be considered a potential antioxidant for further investigations.

We have synthesized Ti-doped (Tl $$_{1-x}$$ Ti $$_{x})$$ Ba $$_{2}$$ Ca $$_{2}$$ Cu $$_{3}$$ O $$_{y}$$ (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) superconductors at normal pressure. The samples have shown $$T_\mathrm{c}$$ onset at 117, 118, 113, 110, and 115 K and the $$T_\mathrm{c}$$ $$(R=0)$$ at 103, 96, 94, 97, and 106 K and the onset of diamagnetism around 109, 100, 98, 111, 100 K, respectively. The apical oxygen-related phonon modes are observed around 485 and 540 cm $$^{-1 }$$ , and the planar oxygen modes at 600 cm $$^{-1}$$ . These phonon modes are softened with the increase concentration of Ti in the final compound showing that Ti is incorporated into the (Tl $$_{1-x}$$ Ti $$_{x})$$ Ba $$_{2}$$ Ca $$_{2}$$ Cu $$_{3}$$ O $$_{y}$$ (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) samples. The excess conductivity analysis of these samples has shown an enhancement in the values of the parameters such as $$\xi _{\mathrm{c}(0)}$$ , J, and $$V_\mathrm{F}$$ with the doping of Ti. We proposed that the doping of Ti in the $$( {\mathrm{Tl}_{1-{\textit{x}}} \mathrm {Ti}_{{x}} })\mathrm{Ba}_2 \mathrm{O}_{4-\delta } $$ charge reservoir layer facilitates the charge transfer mechanism for conducting CuO $$_{2}$$ planes which in turn enhance the values of aforementioned superconductivity parameters. The values of superconductivity parameters such as $$B_\mathrm{c(0), }$$ $$B_\mathrm{c1(0), }$$ $$B_\mathrm{c2(0)}$$ , and $$J_\mathrm{c}$$ (0) are, however, suppressed with Ti doping. We suggested this to be arising from the weakening of flux pinning character in the final compound. These results have shown that the oxygen defect density in (Tl $$_{1-x}$$ Ti $$_{x})$$ Ba $$_{2}$$ Ca $$_{2}$$ Cu $$_{3}$$ O $$_{y}$$ samples is significantly suppressed with Ti doping.