43 results on '"S. Prohira"'
Search Results
2. Observation of an Unusual Upward-Going Cosmic-Ray-like Event in the Third Flight of ANITA
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P. W. Gorham, B. Rotter, P. Allison, O. Banerjee, L. Batten, J. J. Beatty, K. Bechtol, K. Belov, D. Z. Besson, W. R. Binns, V. Bugaev, P. Cao, C. C. Chen, C. H. Chen, P. Chen, J. M. Clem, A. Connolly, L. Cremonesi, B. Dailey, C. Deaconu, P. F. Dowkontt, B. D. Fox, J. W. H. Gordon, C. Hast, B. Hill, K. Hughes, J. J. Huang, R. Hupe, M. H. Israel, A. Javaid, J. Lam, K. M. Liewer, S. Y. Lin, T. C. Liu, A. Ludwig, L. Macchiarulo, S. Matsuno, C. Miki, K. Mulrey, J. Nam, C. J. Naudet, R. J. Nichol, A. Novikov, E. Oberla, M. Olmedo, R. Prechelt, S. Prohira, B. F. Rauch, J. M. Roberts, A. Romero-Wolf, J. W. Russell, D. Saltzberg, D. Seckel, H. Schoorlemmer, J. Shiao, S. Stafford, J. Stockham, M. Stockham, B. Strutt, G. S. Varner, A. G. Vieregg, S. H. Wang, and S. A. Wissel
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Antarctic surface reflectivity calculations and measurements from the ANITA-4 and HiCal-2 experiments
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S. Prohira, A. Novikov, P. Dasgupta, P. Jain, S. Nande, P. Allison, O. Banerjee, L. Batten, J. J. Beatty, K. Belov, D. Z. Besson, W. R. Binns, V. Bugaev, P. Cao, C. Chen, P. Chen, J. M. Clem, A. Connolly, L. Cremonesi, B. Dailey, C. Deaconu, P. F. Dowkontt, B. D. Fox, J. Gordon, P. W. Gorham, C. Hast, B. Hill, R. Hupe, M. H. Israel, J. Lam, T. C. Liu, A. Ludwig, S. Matsuno, C. Miki, M. Mottram, K. Mulrey, J. Nam, R. J. Nichol, E. Oberla, K. Ratzlaff, B. F. Rauch, A. Romero-Wolf, B. Rotter, J. Russell, D. Saltzberg, D. Seckel, H. Schoorlemmer, S. Stafford, J. Stockham, M. Stockham, B. Strutt, K. Tatem, G. S. Varner, A. G. Vieregg, S. A. Wissel, F. Wu, and R. Young
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- 2018
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4. Constraints on the diffuse high-energy neutrino flux from the third flight of ANITA
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P. W. Gorham, P. Allison, O. Banerjee, L. Batten, J. J. Beatty, K. Bechtol, K. Belov, D. Z. Besson, W. R. Binns, V. Bugaev, P. Cao, C. C. Chen, C. H. Chen, P. Chen, J. M. Clem, A. Connolly, L. Cremonesi, B. Dailey, C. Deaconu, P. F. Dowkontt, B. D. Fox, J. W. H. Gordon, C. Hast, B. Hill, S. Y. Hsu, J. J. Huang, K. Hughes, R. Hupe, M. H. Israel, K. M. Liewer, T. C. Liu, A. B. Ludwig, L. Macchiarulo, S. Matsuno, C. Miki, K. Mulrey, J. Nam, C. Naudet, R. J. Nichol, A. Novikov, E. Oberla, S. Prohira, B. F. Rauch, J. M. Roberts, A. Romero-Wolf, B. Rotter, J. W. Russell, D. Saltzberg, D. Seckel, H. Schoorlemmer, J. Shiao, S. Stafford, J. Stockham, M. Stockham, B. Strutt, M. S. Sutherland, G. S. Varner, A. G. Vieregg, S. H. Wang, and S. A. Wissel
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Modeling and Validating RF-Only Interferometric Triggering with Cosmic Rays for BEACON
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K. Hughes, Cosmin Deaconu, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Harm Schoorlemmer, Eric Oberla, Andrew Ludwig, A. C. Cummings, Andrew Zeolla, S. Prohira, D. Southall, K. Mulrey, Abigail G. Vieregg, Stephanie Wissel, Enrique Zas, A. Romero-Wolf, Washington Rodrigues de Carvalho, and Z. Curtis-Ginsberg
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Beamforming ,Physics ,COSMIC cancer database ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,business.industry ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Detector ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Cosmic ray ,Interferometry ,Optics ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Antenna (radio) ,Neutrino ,business ,Lepton - Abstract
When Earth-skimming tau neutrinos interact within the Earth, they generate upgoing tau leptons that can decay in the atmosphere, forming extensive air showers. The Beamforming Elevated Array for COsmic Neutrinos (BEACON) is a novel detector concept that utilizes a radio interferometer atop a mountain to search for the radio emission due to these extensive air showers. The prototype, located at the White Mountain Research Station in California, consists of 4 crossed-dipole antennas operating in the 30-80 MHz range and uses a directional interferometric trigger for reduced thresholds and background rejection. The prototype will first be used to detect down-going cosmic rays to validate the detector model. A Monte-Carlo simulation was developed to predict the acceptance of the prototype to cosmic rays, as well as the expected rate of detection. In this simulation, cosmic ray induced air showers with random properties are generated in an area around the prototype array. It is then determined if a given shower triggers the array using radio emission simulations from ZHAireS and antenna modelling from XFdtd. Here, we present the methodology and results of this simulation.
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- 2021
6. Application of parabolic equation methods to in-ice radiowave propagation for ultra high energy neutrino detection experiments
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J. J. Beatty, Patrick Allison, Nick van Eijndhoven, Rose S Stanley, Dieder Van den Broeck, Krijn D. de Vries, A. Nozdrina, S. Prohira, Chung-Yun Kuo, K. Mulrey, Vesna Lukic, Cosmin Deaconu, John Ralston, Jiwoo Nam, Thomas Meures, Enrique Huesca Santiago, Jorge Torres, Amy Connolly, D. Z. Besson, Paramita Dasgupta, U. Latif, Simona Toscano, Dylan Frikken, Cade Sbrocco, Stephanie Wissel, Simon De Kockere, C. Hast, and Eric Oberla
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Physics ,High energy ,Neutrino detector ,Radiowave propagation ,Computational physics - Published
- 2021
7. Discovering the Highest Energy Neutrinos with the Payload for Ultrahigh Energy Observations (PUEO)
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Abigail G. Vieregg, Q. Abarr, P. Allison, J Ammerman Yebra, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, J. J Beatty, D. Z Besson, P. Chen, Y. Chen, X. Cheng, J. M Clem, A. Connolly, L. Cremonesi, C. Deaconu, J. Flaherty, D. Frikken, P. W Gorham, C. Hast, C. Hornhuber, J. J Huang, K. Hughes, A. Hynous, Y. Ku, C-Y. Kuo, T. C Liu, Z. Martin, C. Miki, J. Nam, R. J Nichol, K. Nishimura, A. Novikov, A. Nozdrina, E. Oberla, S. Prohira, R. Prechelt, B. F Rauch, J. M Roberts, A. Romero-Wolf, J. W Russell, D. Seckel, J. Shiao, D. J.B. Smith, D. Southall, G. S Varner, S-H. Wang, Y-H. Wang, S. A Wissel, R. Young, E. Zas, and A. Zeolla
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Physics ,biology ,Payload ,Phased array ,Point source ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astronomy ,biology.organism_classification ,Earth's magnetic field ,Tau neutrino ,Pueo ,Neutrino ,Energy (signal processing) - Abstract
The Payload for Ultrahigh Energy Observations (PUEO) is a NASA Long-Duration Balloon Mission that has been selected for concept development. PUEO has unprecedented sensitivity to ultra-high energy neutrinos above $10^{18}$ eV. PUEO will be sensitive to both Askaryan emission from neutrino-induced cascades in Antarctic ice and geomagnetic emission from upward-going air showers that are a result of tau neutrino interactions. PUEO is also especially well-suited for point source and transient searches. Compared to its predecessor ANITA, PUEO achieves better than an order-of-magnitude improvement in sensitivity and lowers the energy threshold for detection, by implementing a coherent phased array trigger, adding more channels, optimizing the detection bandwidth, and implementing real-time filtering. Here we discuss the science reach and plans for PUEO, leading up to a 2024 launch.
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- 2021
8. Searching for RF-Only Triggered Cosmic Ray Events with the High-Elevation BEACON Prototype
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Harm Schoorlemmer, S. Prohira, Andrew Ludwig, Zachery Curtis-Ginsberg, Austin Cummings, Andrew Zeolla, Cosmin Deaconu, Kaeli Hughes, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Stephanie Wissel, Andrew Romero-Wolf, Washington Rodrigues de Carvalho, Abigail G. Vieregg, K. Mulrey, Enrique Zas, Eric Oberla, and Daniel Southall
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Beamforming ,Physics ,COSMIC cancer database ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Detector ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Cosmic ray ,Interferometry ,Tau neutrino ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Neutrino ,Lepton ,Remote sensing - Abstract
The Beamforming Elevated Array for COsmic Neutrinos (BEACON) is a concept for a neutrino telescope designed to measure tau lepton air showers generated from tau neutrino interactions near the horizon. This detection mechanism provides a pure measurement of the tau flavor of cosmogenic neutrinos, which could be used to set limits on the observed flavor ratios for cosmogenic neutrinos in a manner complimentary to the all-flavor neutrino flux measurements made by other experiments. BEACON is expected to also be capable of detecting cosmic rays through RF-only triggers. BEACON aims to achieve this sensitivity by using mountaintop radio arrays of dual-polarized antennas operating in the 30-80 MHz band which utilize directional interferometric triggering. BEACON stations are designed to efficiently use a small amount of instrumentation, allowing for deployment in a variety of high-elevation sites. The interferometric trigger provides a natural tool for directional-based anthropogenic RFI rejection at the trigger level, broadening the list for potential station sites. The BEACON prototype has seen continuous design advancements towards improving the mechanical durability and scientific capabilities since its initial deployment at White Mountain Research Station in 2018. Here we present the current prototype’s sensitivity to RF-triggered cosmic-ray background signals. We also present the next generation prototype, which includes scintillating cosmic ray detectors, improved antennas, and refined calibration techniques.
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- 2021
9. Modeling in-ice radio propagation with parabolic equation methods
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J. J. Beatty, Patrick Allison, Rose S Stanley, Thomas Meures, Jiwoo Nam, D. Van den Broeck, Cade Sbrocco, D. Z. Besson, C. Hast, Paramita Dasgupta, Radar Echo Telescope, Simona Toscano, Katie Mulrey, U. Latif, S. Prohira, Vesna Lukic, S. De Kockere, Chung-Yun Kuo, Amy Connolly, John Ralston, A. Nozdrina, Jorge Torres, Dylan Frikken, N. van Eijndhoven, Stephanie Wissel, Cosmin Deaconu, K. D. de Vries, E. Huesca Santiago, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Physics, and Elementary Particle Physics
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Physics ,Current (mathematics) ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Detector ,Finite-difference time-domain method ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Généralités ,Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph) ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Computational physics ,Telescope ,Radio propagation ,Neutrino detector ,law ,physics.comp-ph ,0103 physical sciences ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Radar ,010306 general physics ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,Physics - Computational Physics ,Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ,astro-ph.IM - Abstract
We investigate the use of parabolic equation (PE) methods for solving radio-wave propagation in polar ice. PE methods provide an approximate solution to Maxwell's equations, in contrast to full-field solutions such as finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) methods, yet provide a more complete model of propagation than simple geometric ray-tracing (RT) methods that are the current state of the art for simulating in-ice radio detection of neutrino-induced cascades. PEs are more computationally efficient than FDTD methods, and more flexible than RT methods, allowing for the inclusion of diffractive effects and modeling of propagation in regions that cannot be modeled with geometric methods. We present a new PE approximation suited to the in-ice case. We conclude that current ray-tracing methods may be too simplistic in their treatment of ice properties, and their continued use could overestimate experimental sensitivity for in-ice neutrino detection experiments. We discuss the implications for current in-ice Askaryan-type detectors and for the upcoming Radar Echo Telescope, two families of experiments for which these results are most relevant. We suggest that PE methods be investigated further for in-ice radio applications., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2021
10. Particle-level model for radar based detection of high-energy neutrino cascades
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D. Z. Besson and S. Prohira
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Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Transmitter ,01 natural sciences ,Refraction ,law.invention ,Computational physics ,Neutrino detector ,law ,Particle shower ,0103 physical sciences ,Radio frequency ,Radar ,Antenna gain ,Neutrino ,010306 general physics ,Instrumentation - Abstract
We present a particle-level model for calculating the radio scatter of incident RF radiation from the plasma formed in the wake of a particle shower. We incorporate this model into a software module (“RadioScatter”), which calculates the collective scattered signal using the individual particle equations of motion, accounting for plasma effects, transmitter and receiver geometries, refraction at boundaries, and antenna gain patterns. We find appreciable collective scattering amplitudes with coherent phase for a range of geometries, with high geometric and volumetric acceptance. Details of the calculation are discussed, as well as the implementation of RadioScatter into GEANT4. A laboratory test of our model, currently scheduled at SLAC in 2018, with the goal of measuring the time-dependent characteristics of the reflecting plasma, is also described. Prospects for a future in-ice, high-energy neutrino detector, along with comparison to current detection strategies, are presented.
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- 2019
11. HiCal 2: An instrument designed for calibration of the ANITA experiment and for Antarctic surface reflectivity measurements
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A. Novikov, M. Mottram, D. Z. Besson, O. Banerjee, Eric Oberla, G. S. Varner, Abigail G. Vieregg, D. Seckel, F. Wu, J. W. Russell, Jiwoo Nam, Tsung-Che Liu, J. Stockham, John G. Learned, Chun Hsiung Chen, David Saltzberg, B. Dailey, Konstantin Belov, Cosmin Deaconu, J. J. Beatty, W. R. Binns, L. Batten, Kenneth L. Ratzlaff, Harm Schoorlemmer, Andrew Ludwig, P. F. Dowkontt, B. Rotter, J. M. Clem, S. Stafford, R. Young, Po-Hsun Chen, C. Hast, R. Hupe, Joshua A. Gordon, Stephanie Wissel, B. Strutt, V. Bugaev, B. Hill, M. H. Israel, K. Mulrey, B. D. Fox, L. Cremonesi, P. Cao, J. Roberts, K. Tatem, C. Miki, Brian Rauch, Joe Lam, Peter Gorham, S. Prohira, Kurt Liewer, R. J. Nichol, J. Kowalski, Patrick Allison, Amy Connolly, S. Matsuno, M. Stockham, and Andrew Romero-Wolf
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Physics ,Surface (mathematics) ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,business.industry ,FOS: Physical sciences ,High voltage ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,01 natural sciences ,Reflectivity ,Pulse (physics) ,Optics ,0103 physical sciences ,Calibration ,business ,Instrumentation ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
The NASA supported High-Altitude Calibration (HiCal)-2 instrument flew as a companion balloon to the ANITA-4 experiment in December 2016. Based on a HV discharge pulser producing radio-frequency (RF) calibration pulses, HiCal-2 comprised two payloads, which flew for a combined 18 days, covering 1.5 revolutions of the Antarctic continent. ANITA-4 captured over 10,000 pulses from HiCal, both direct and reflected from the surface, at distances varying from 100-800 km, providing a large dataset for surface reflectivity measurements. Herein we present details on the design, construction and performance of HiCal-2., Comment: Published in NIM-A, final version
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- 2019
12. The Radar Echo Telescope for Neutrinos (RET-N)
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Vesna Lukic, Cade Sbrocco, Enrique Huesca Santiago, Dieder Van den Broeck, John Ralston, Eric Oberla, Thomas Meures, S. Prohira, Jorge Torres, U. Latif, Paramita Dasgupta, C. Hast, A. Nozdrina, K. Mulrey, Simon De Kockere, Nick van Eijndhoven, Cosmin Deaconu, Krijn D. de Vries, Dylan Frikken, J. J. Beatty, Patrick Allison, D. Z. Besson, Chung-Yun Kuo, Stephanie Wissel, Rose S Stanley, Jiwoo Nam, Simona Toscano, and Amy Connolly
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Physics ,Telescope ,law ,Echo (computing) ,Astronomy ,Neutrino ,Radar ,law.invention - Published
- 2021
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13. Toward High Energy Neutrino Detection with the Radar Echo Telescope for Cosmic Rays (RET-CR)
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K. Mulrey, Vesna Lukic, Dieder Van den Broeck, John Ralston, Chung-Yun Kuo, Jorge Torres, Krijn D. de Vries, S. Prohira, Nick van Eijndhoven, Thomas Meures, Enrique Huesca Santiago, Eric Oberla, Paramita Dasgupta, U. Latif, Simon De Kockere, Simona Toscano, J. J. Beatty, Rose S Stanley, Cosmin Deaconu, Jiwoo Nam, Cade Sbrocco, A. Nozdrina, Dylan Frikken, D. Z. Besson, Stephanie Wissel, C. Hast, Patrick Allison, and Amy Connolly
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Physics ,business.industry ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Cosmic ray ,7. Clean energy ,law.invention ,Telescope ,Air shower ,Optics ,Neutrino detector ,law ,Cascade ,Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray ,Radar ,Neutrino ,business ,Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Abstract
The Radar Echo Telescope for Cosmic Rays (RET-CR) is a pathfinder experiment for the Radar Echo Telescope for Neutrinos (RET-N), a next-generation in-ice detection experiment for ultra high energy neutrinos. RET-CR will serve as the testbed for the radar echo method to probe high-energy particle cascades in nature, whereby a transmitted radio signal is reflected from the ionization left in its wake. This method, recently validated at SLAC experiment T576, shows promising preliminary sensitivity to neutrino-induced cascades above the energy range of optical detectors like IceCube. RET-CR intends to use an in-nature test beam: the dense, in-ice cascade produced when the air shower of an ultra high energy cosmic ray impacts a high-elevation ice sheet. This in-ice cascade, orders of magnitude more dense than the in-air shower that preceded it, is similar in profile and density to the expected cascade from a neutrino-induced cascade deep in the ice. RET-CR will be triggered using surface scintillator technology and will be used to develop, test, and deploy the hardware, firmware, and software needed for the eventual RET-N. We present the strategy, status, and design sensitivity of RET-CR, and discuss its application to eventual neutrino detection.
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- 2021
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14. Simulation and Optimisation for the Radar Echo Telescope for Cosmic Rays
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A. Nozdrina, Nick van Eijndhoven, Vesna Lukic, Dieder Van den Broeck, K. Mulrey, C. Hast, Simon De Kockere, Cosmin Deaconu, Eric Oberla, Cade Sbrocco, Thomas Meures, S. Prohira, D. Z. Besson, Jiwoo Nam, Krijn D. de Vries, U. Latif, Paramita Dasgupta, Simona Toscano, J. J. Beatty, Dylan Frikken, Rose S Stanley, John Ralston, Stephanie Wissel, Enrique Huesca Santiago, Chung-Yun Kuo, Jorge Torres, Amy Connolly, Patrick Allison, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, and Physics
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Physics ,business.industry ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Detector ,Transmitter ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Cosmic ray ,law.invention ,Telescope ,Optics ,law ,Radar ,Neutrino ,business ,Event (particle physics) ,Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ,Radio wave - Abstract
The SLAC T-576 beam test experiment showed the feasibility of the radar detection technique to probe high-energy particle cascades in dense media. Corresponding particle-level simulations indicate that the radar method has very promising sensitivity to probe the $>$PeV cosmic neutrino flux. As such, it is crucial to demonstrate the in-situ feasibility of the radar echo method, which is the main goal of the current RET-CR experiment. Although the final goal of the Radar Echo Telescope is to detect cosmic neutrinos, we seek a proof of principle using cosmic-ray air showers penetrating the (high-altitude) Antarctic ice sheet. When an UHECR particle cascade propagates into a high-elevation ice sheet, it produces a dense in-ice cascade of charged particles which can reflect incoming radio waves. Using a surface cosmic-ray detector, the energy and direction of the UHECR can be reconstructed, and as such this constitutes a nearly ideal in-situ test beam to provide the proof of principle for the radar echo technique. RET-CR will consist of a transmitter array, receiver antennas and a surface scintillator plate array. Here we present the simulation efforts for RET-CR performed to optimise the surface array layout and triggering system, which affords an estimate of the expected event rate.
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- 2021
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15. The Radar Echo Telescope for Cosmic Rays: Pathfinder experiment for a next-generation neutrino observatory
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U. Latif, K. D. de Vries, Patrick Allison, John Ralston, A. Nozdrina, C. Hast, Jorge Torres, S. Prohira, Amy Connolly, E. Huesca Santiago, Vesna Lukic, S. De Kockere, N. van Eijndhoven, Cosmin Deaconu, Jiwoo Nam, Chung-Yun Kuo, D. Van den Broeck, Dylan Frikken, Cade Sbrocco, J. J. Beatty, Stephanie Wissel, Katie Mulrey, Rose S Stanley, Thomas Meures, Paramita Dasgupta, Eric Oberla, Simona Toscano, D. Z. Besson, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Physics, and Elementary Particle Physics
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Astronomy ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Cosmic ray ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,law.invention ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Telescope ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,Observatory ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Radar ,010306 general physics ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,Physics ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,astro-ph.HE ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,hep-ex ,Echo (computing) ,Pathfinder ,13. Climate action ,Neutrino ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,astro-ph.IM - Abstract
The Radar Echo Telescope for Cosmic Rays (RET-CR) is a recently initiated experiment designed to detect the englacial cascade of a cosmic-ray initiated air shower via in-ice radar, toward the goal of a full-scale, next-generation experiment to detect ultra high energy neutrinos in polar ice. For cosmic rays with a primary energy greater than 10 PeV, roughly 10% of an air-shower's energy reaches the surface of a high elevation ice-sheet ($\gtrsim$2 km) concentrated into a radius of roughly 10 cm. This penetrating shower core creates an in-ice cascade many orders of magnitude more dense than the preceding in-air cascade. This dense cascade can be detected via the radar echo technique, where transmitted radio is reflected from the ionization deposit left in the wake of the cascade. RET-CR will test the radar echo method in nature, with the in-ice cascade of a cosmic-ray initiated air-shower serving as a test beam. We present the projected event rate and sensitivity based upon a three part simulation using CORSIKA, GEANT4, and RadioScatter. RET-CR expects $\sim$1 radar echo event per day.
- Published
- 2021
16. A search for ultrahigh-energy neutrinos associated with astrophysical sources using the third flight of ANITA
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K. Mulrey, John Clem, David Zeke Besson, Kurt Liewer, B. D. Fox, P. Cao, R. Prechelt, C. Naudet, Jiwoo Nam, K. Hughes, Chun Hsiung Chen, N. Wang, B. Strutt, K. McBride, Michael Sutherland, Jarred Matthew Roberts, Eric Oberla, Christian Miki, D. Seckel, Konstantin Belov, H. Schoorlemmer, R. Hupe, S. Stafford, Abigail G. Vieregg, Tsung-Che Liu, S. H. Wang, W. R. Binns, J. J. Beatty, J. J. Huang, O. Banerjee, Alexander Novikov, B. Dailey, G. S. Varner, M. H. Israel, P. Allison, Pisin Chen, V. Bugaev, Paul Dowkontt, David Saltzberg, P. W. Gorham, Luca Macchiarulo, Berkeley Hill, L. Cremonesi, C. Hast, Stephanie Wissel, J. W. H. Gordon, J. W. Russell, S. Y. Hsu, Cosmin Deaconu, J. Stockham, Andrew Ludwig, A. Connolly, S. Matsuno, M. Stockham, L. Batten, Andrew Romero-Wolf, S. Prohira, R. J. Nichol, Brian Rauch, Yung-Yaw Chen, J. Ripa, B. Rotter, and J. Shiao
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Physics ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Antarctic ice sheet ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Supernova ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,13. Climate action ,0103 physical sciences ,Potential source ,Ultrahigh energy ,Neutrino ,Neutrino astronomy ,Blazar ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope - Abstract
The ANtarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) long-duration balloon experiment is sensitive to interactions of ultra high-energy (E > 10^{18} eV) neutrinos in the Antarctic ice sheet. The third flight of ANITA, lasting 22 days, began in December 2014. We develop a methodology to search for energetic neutrinos spatially and temporally coincident with potential source classes in ANITA data. This methodology is applied to several source classes: the TXS 0506+056 blazar and NGC 1068, the first potential TeV neutrino sources identified by IceCube, flaring high-energy blazars reported by the Fermi All-Sky Variability Analysis, gamma-ray bursts, and supernovae. Among searches within the five source classes, one candidate was identified as associated with SN 2015D, although not at a statistically significant level. We proceed to place upper limits on the source classes. We further comment on potential applications of this methodology to more sensitive future instruments., 23 pages, 7 figures, version accepted to JCAP
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- 2020
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17. Experimental tests of sub-surface reflectors as an explanation for the ANITA anomalous events
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David J. Smith, Tsung-Che Liu, Cosmin Deaconu, R. J. Nichol, Paramita Dasgupta, J. J. Beatty, David Saltzberg, Pisin Chen, P. Allison, L. Batten, Brian Rauch, P. Cao, Alexander Novikov, V. Bugaev, C. Miki, M. H. Israel, Abigail G. Vieregg, S. Prohira, A. Ludwig, John Clem, Stephanie Wissel, W. R. Binns, R. Prechelt, Chun Hsiung Chen, S. Matsuno, David Zeke Besson, G. S. Varner, Eric Oberla, Jiwoo Nam, Peter Gorham, A. Connolly, L. Cremonesi, J. W. Russell, and D. Seckel
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Physics ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Polarity (physics) ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Antarctic ice sheet ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Cosmic ray ,Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Standard Model ,Atmosphere ,Altitude ,13. Climate action ,0103 physical sciences ,Reflection (physics) ,Neutrino ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Abstract
The balloon-borne ANITA [1] experiment is designed to detect ultra-high energy neutrinos via radio emissions produced by in-ice showers. Although initially purposed for interactions within the Antarctic ice sheet, ANITA also demonstrated the ability to self-trigger on radio emissions from ultra-high energy charged cosmic rays [2] (CR) interacting in the Earth's atmosphere. For showers produced above the Antarctic ice sheet, reflection of the down-coming radio signals at the Antarctic surface should result in a polarity inversion prior to subsequent observation at the ∼35–40 km altitude ANITA gondola. Based on data taken during the ANITA-1 and ANITA-3 flights, ANITA published two anomalous instances of upcoming cosmic-rays with measured polarity opposite the remaining sample of ∼50 UHECR signals [3, 4]. The steep observed upwards incidence angles (25–30 degrees relative to the horizontal) require non-Standard Model physics if these events are due to in-ice neutrino interactions, as the Standard Model cross-section would otherwise prohibit neutrinos from penetrating the long required chord of Earth. Shoemaker et al. [5] posit that glaciological effects may explain the steep observed anomalous events. We herein consider the scenarios offered by Shoemaker et al. and find them to be disfavored by extant ANITA and HiCal experimental data. We note that the recent report of four additional near-horizon anomalous ANITA-4 events [6], at >3σ significance, are incompatible with their model, which requires significant signal transmission into the ice.
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- 2020
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18. Weak signal extraction using matrix decomposition, with application to ultra high energy neutrino detection
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S. Prohira
- Subjects
Physics ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,History ,High energy ,Extraction (chemistry) ,Weak signal ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Computer Science Applications ,Education ,Computational physics ,Matrix decomposition ,Neutrino detector ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) - Abstract
In radio-based physics experiments, sensitive analysis techniques are often required to extract signals at or below the level of noise. For a recent experiment at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory to test a radar-based detection scheme for high energy neutrino cascades, such a sensitive analysis was employed to dig down into a spurious background and extract a putative signal. In this technique, the backgrounds are decomposed into an orthonormal basis, into which individual data vectors (signal + background) can be expanded. This expansion is a filter that can extract signals with amplitudes $\sim$1 % of the background. This analysis technique is particularly useful for applications when the exact signal characteristics (spectral content, duration) are not known. In this proceeding we briefly present the results of this analysis in the context of test-beam experiment 576 (T576) at SLAC., Prepared for the ACAT2019 conference. Submitted on behalf of the T576 collaboration
- Published
- 2019
19. The Payload for Ultrahigh Energy Observations (PUEO): a white paper
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Jiwoo Nam, J. M. Clem, Stephanie Wissel, Yixuan Ku, D. Seckel, Andrew Zeolla, C. Xie, D. Z. Besson, Amy Connolly, J. J. Beatty, Z. Martin, C. Hornhuber, K. Hughes, A. Nozdrina, D. Southall, Chung-Yun Kuo, A. Hynous, Alexander Novikov, Y. H. Wang, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, J. Shiao, R. Young, S. H. Wang, K. Nishimura, Remy Prechelt, Y. Chen, Pisin Chen, Peter Gorham, Brian Rauch, Patrick Allison, S. Prohira, Abigail G. Vieregg, L. Cremonesi, J. W. Russell, Jarred Matthew Roberts, J. Ammerman Yebra, Andrew Romero-Wolf, Enrique Zas, C. Hast, D. Frikken, G. S. Varner, Eric Oberla, Quincy Abarr, C. Miki, J. Flaherty, J. J. Huang, R. J. Nichol, Cosmin Deaconu, David J. Smith, and Tsung-Che Liu
- Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Physics ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,biology ,business.industry ,Payload ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,biology.organism_classification ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,Optics ,Neutrino detector ,Ultrahigh energy ,Pueo ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,business ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,Instrumentation ,Mathematical Physics - Abstract
The Payload for Ultrahigh Energy Observations (PUEO) long-duration balloon experiment is designed to have world-leading sensitivity to ultrahigh-energy neutrinos at energies above 1 EeV. Probing this energy region is essential for understanding the extreme-energy universe at all distance scales. PUEO leverages experience from and supersedes the successful Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) program, with an improved design that drastically improves sensitivity by more than an order of magnitude at energies below 30 EeV. PUEO will either make the first significant detection of or set the best limits on ultrahigh-energy neutrino fluxes., Comment: 40 pages, 17 figures. Version accepted to JINST
- Published
- 2021
20. First upper limits on the radar cross section of cosmic-ray induced extensive air showers
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John Belz, Eiji Kido, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Fumiya Shibata, Kazuhiro Machida, R. Ishimori, Takahiro Fujii, Helio Takai, M. Abou Bakr Othman, Maxim Pshirkov, J. H. Kim, W. R. Cho, C. Jayanthmurthy, O. Kalashev, R. W. Springer, Peter Tinyakov, Samuel Blake, Shoichi Ogio, Charlie Jui, Mayuko Minamino, K. Honda, Yasunori Kitamura, Masaaki Tanaka, G. Vasiloff, J. P. Lundquist, Toru Nakamura, Jyunsei Chiba, Kenichi Kadota, Akitoshi Oshima, Dongsu Ryu, Ryuji Takeishi, M. J. Chae, S. Kitamura, Hidemi Ito, K. Nagasawa, Y. Uchihori, Hideaki Shimodaira, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Fumio Kakimoto, T. Matsuyama, D. Z. Besson, M. Allen, Y. J. Kwon, Michiyuki Chikawa, Priti Shah, T. Suzawa, Hideyuki Ohoka, Isaac Myers, K. Oki, Y. Yoneda, N. Inoue, S. I. Lim, M. Ohnishi, Tomohiro Matsuda, S. Prohira, Masato Takita, Suresh Venkatesh, K. Yamazaki, J. Ogura, Mai Takamura, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, R. Yamane, Ahmad RezazadehReyhani, Toshiyuki Nonaka, T. Goto, S. Udo, R. Azuma, Rasha Abbasi, Hiroshi Yamaoka, Pierre Sokolsky, Yuichiro Tameda, B. G. Cheon, John N. Matthews, L. M. Scott, Zach Zundel, Behrouz Farhang-Boroujeny, Takaaki Ishii, Bokkyun Shin, A. Nozato, Y. Hayashi, Sergey Troitsky, Hongsu Kim, A. L. Sampson, K. Kawata, D. C. Rodriguez, V. Kuzmin, S. Kawakami, Akimichi Taketa, K. Martens, H. Kawai, S. Yoshida, Hideki Tanaka, M. Takeda, Daisuke Ikeda, M. Byrne, S. B. Thomas, S. R. Stratton, Shigehiro Nagataki, Tiffany Wong, Masaki Fukushima, J. Lan, Douglas Bergman, Ross Anderson, Kiyoshi Tanaka, Kenta Yashiro, K. Tsutsumi, R. Zollinger, Naoaki Hayashida, M. Abe, S. Kunwar, Igor Tkachev, R. Cady, David Schurig, K. Hibino, H. Yoshii, Y. Tsunesada, Shunsuke Ozawa, Ben Stokes, Elliott Barcikowski, Dmitri Ivanov, Keijiro Mukai, Federico R. Urban, T.-A. Shibata, Gordon Thomson, Tom Stroman, Inkyu Park, K. Kasahara, Masaomi Ono, G. Rubtsov, Takayuki Tomida, W.H. Gillman, H. Tokuno, J. D. Smith, Shingo Kawana, William Hanlon, T. Okuda, J. Yang, and J. C. Hanson
- Subjects
Physics ,Radar cross-section ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Pulse-Doppler radar ,business.industry ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Continuous-wave radar ,Radar engineering details ,Optics ,Radar astronomy ,law ,Radar imaging ,0103 physical sciences ,Radar ,Radar display ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,010306 general physics ,business ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Remote sensing - Abstract
TARA (Telescope Array Radar) is a cosmic ray radar detection experiment colocated with Telescope Array, the conventional surface scintillation detector (SD) and fluorescence telescope detector (FD) near Delta, Utah, U.S.A. The TARA detector combines a 40 kW, 54.1 MHz VHF transmitter and high-gain transmitting antenna which broadcasts the radar carrier over the SD array and within the FD field of view, towards a 250 MS/s DAQ receiver. TARA has been collecting data since 2013 with the primary goal of observing the radar signatures of extensive air showers (EAS). Simulations indicate that echoes are expected to be short in duration (~10 microseconds) and exhibit rapidly changing frequency, with rates on the order of 1 MHz/microsecond. The EAS radar cross-section (RCS) is currently unknown although it is the subject of over 70 years of speculation. A novel signal search technique is described in which the expected radar echo of a particular air shower is used as a matched filter template and compared to waveforms obtained by triggering the radar DAQ using the Telescope Array fluorescence detector. No evidence for the scattering of radio frequency radiation by EAS is obtained to date. We report the first quantitative RCS upper limits using EAS that triggered the Telescope Array Fluorescence Detector., Comment: 21 pages, 30 figures
- Published
- 2017
21. Coherent transition radiation from the geomagnetically-induced current in cosmic-ray air showers: Implications for the anomalous events observed by ANITA
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Krijn D. de Vries, S. Prohira, Physics, and Elementary Particle Physics
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astro-ph.HE ,Physics ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Cosmic ray ,Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Geomagnetically induced current ,Earth's magnetic field ,Air shower ,Transition radiation ,13. Climate action ,Electric field ,0103 physical sciences ,010306 general physics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Zenith ,Radio wave - Abstract
We show that coherent transition radiation from the electrically-neutral transverse geomagnetic current (CTR- GM) in a cosmic-ray air shower provides a natural, standard model, explanation to the recent ``anomalous'' events observed by the ANITA detector. We demonstrate that for zenith angles less than roughly 70 degrees, combined with high surface elevation, the inclusion of CTR-GM can significantly alter the emitted electric field from a cosmic-ray air shower. CTR-GM therefore has to be included in radio emission models to provide a full description of the radio emission from a high-energy cosmic-ray air shower traversing a dielectric boundary., To be published in PRL
- Published
- 2019
22. Comprehensive analysis of anomalous ANITA events disfavors a diffuse tau-neutrino flux origin
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J. J. Beatty, Berkeley Hill, K. Mulrey, L. Batten, R. J. Nichol, L. Cremonesi, Jarred Matthew Roberts, Cosmin Deaconu, S. Matsuno, J. Stockham, G. S. Varner, Peter Gorham, S. H. Wang, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Patrick Allison, S. Stafford, O. Banerjee, B. D. Fox, R. Hupe, Washington Rodrigues de Carvalho, Keith Bechtol, Enrique Zas, Abigail G. Vieregg, S. Prohira, Jiwoo Nam, M. Stockham, Harm Schoorlemmer, C. Miki, Andres Romero-Wolf, Charles J. Naudet, J. J. Huang, M. S. Sutherland, K. Hughes, D. Seckel, B. Dailey, Brian Rauch, C. C. Chen, V. Bugaev, B. Rotter, Paul Dowkontt, M. H. Israel, J. Shiao, J. W. H. Gordon, J. W. Russell, S. Y. Hsu, Chun Hsiung Chen, Andrew Ludwig, P. Cao, Konstantin Belov, Tsung-Che Liu, W. R. Binns, Eric Oberla, David Saltzberg, C. Hast, A. Novikov, D. Z. Besson, B. Strutt, Pisin Chen, Kurt Liewer, Stephanie Wissel, Amy Connolly, Luca Macchiarulo, and J. M. Clem
- Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Pierre Auger Observatory ,Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Flux ,Astrophysics ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,Standard Model ,Air shower ,13. Climate action ,Observatory ,Tau neutrino ,0103 physical sciences ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Neutrino ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,010306 general physics ,Lepton - Abstract
Recently, the ANITA collaboration reported on two upward-going extensive air shower events consistent with a primary particle that emerges from the surface of the ice. These events may be of $\nu_\tau$ origin, in which the neutrino interacts within the Earth to produce a $\tau$ lepton that emerges from the Earth, decays in the atmosphere, and initiates an extensive air shower. In this paper we estimate an upper bound on the ANITA acceptance to a diffuse $\nu_\tau$ flux detected via $\tau$-lepton-induced air showers within the bounds of Standard Model (SM) uncertainties. By comparing this estimate with the acceptance of Pierre Auger Observatory and IceCube and assuming SM interactions, we conclude that a $\nu_\tau$ origin of these events would imply a neutrino flux at least two orders of magnitude above current bounds., Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures
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- 2019
23. Constraints on the ultra-high energy cosmic neutrino flux from the fourth flight of ANITA
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J. J. Beatty, A. Romero-Wolf, Berkeley Hill, J. M. Clem, R. Hupe, P. Cao, J. W. H. Gordon, J. W. Russell, K. M. Liewer, C. Hast, Jiwoo Nam, J. J. Huang, B. Dailey, K. Hughes, W. R. Binns, S. Y. Hsu, Eric Oberla, S. Prohira, G. S. Varner, N. Wang, S. Matsuno, D. Z. Besson, Andrew Ludwig, J. Roberts, O. Banerjee, J. Stockham, Harm Schoorlemmer, Abigail G. Vieregg, R. J. Nichol, Tsung-Che Liu, D. Seckel, B. Rotter, Chun Hsiung Chen, Charles J. Naudet, David Saltzberg, Cosmin Deaconu, L. Batten, M. S. Sutherland, Luca Macchiarulo, P. F. Dowkontt, C. Miki, J. Shiao, Brian Rauch, S. H. Wang, Amy Connolly, Pisin Chen, Stephanie Wissel, Patrick Allison, B. D. Fox, M. Stockham, Jakub Ripa, K. McBride, Peter Gorham, Yang-Fang Chen, Konstantin Belov, Katharine Mulrey, V. Bugaev, Alexander Novikov, S. Stafford, M. H. Israel, L. Cremonesi, and B. Strutt
- Subjects
Physics ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,COSMIC cancer database ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Flux ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,13. Climate action ,0103 physical sciences ,Polar ,Ultrahigh energy ,Neutrino ,Antenna (radio) ,010306 general physics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Event (particle physics) ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,Radio wave - Abstract
The ANtarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) NASA long-duration balloon payload completed its fourth flight in December 2016, after 28 days of flight time. ANITA is sensitive to impulsive broadband radio emission from interactions of ultra-high-energy neutrinos in polar ice (Askaryan emission). We present the results of two separate blind analyses searching for signals from Askaryan emission in the data from the fourth flight of ANITA. The more sensitive analysis, with a better expected limit, has a background estimate of $0.64^{+0.69}_{-0.45}$ and an analysis efficiency of $82\pm2\%$. The second analysis has a background estimate of $0.34^{+0.66}_{-0.16}$ and an analysis efficiency of $71\pm6\%$. Each analysis found one event in the signal region, consistent with the background estimate for each analysis. The resulting limit further tightens the constraints on the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos at energies above $10^{19.5}$ eV., 11 pages, 7 figures
- Published
- 2019
24. Observation of Radar Echoes From High-Energy Particle Cascades
- Author
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C. Hast, Stephanie Wissel, Jiwoo Nam, Thomas Meures, N. van Eijndhoven, U. Latif, D. Z. Besson, K. D. de Vries, Zoe Riesen, Jorge Torres, John P. Ralston, Cade Sbrocco, S. Prohira, A. Nozdrina, J. J. Beatty, Amy Connolly, Chung-Yun Kuo, Patrick Allison, Physics, and Elementary Particle Physics
- Subjects
High energy particle ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,General Physics and Astronomy ,FOS: Physical sciences ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,law.invention ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Nuclear physics ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,law ,Ionization ,0103 physical sciences ,Radar ,010306 general physics ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,astro-ph.HE ,Physics ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,hep-ex ,Neutrino detector ,Cathode ray ,Particle ,Neutrino ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,astro-ph.IM ,Radio wave - Abstract
We report the observation of radar echoes from the ionization trails of high-energy particle cascades. These data were taken at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, where the full electron beam ($\sim$10$^9$ e$^-$ at $\sim$10 GeV/e$^-$) was directed into a plastic target to simulate an ultra high-energy neutrino interaction. This target was interrogated with radio waves, and coherent radio reflections from the cascades were detected, with properties consistent with theoretical expectations. This is the first definitive observation of radar echoes from high-energy particle cascades, which may lead to a viable neutrino detection technology for energies $\gtrsim 10^{16}$ eV., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. The Simulation of the Sensitivity of the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) to Askaryan Radiation from Cosmogenic Neutrinos Interacting in the Antarctic Ice
- Author
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Tsung-Che Liu, David Saltzberg, O. Banerjee, A. Romero-Wolf, S. H. Wang, M. S. Sutherland, Keith Bechtol, Abigail G. Vieregg, L. Batten, R. J. Nichol, Brian Rauch, Po-Hsun Chen, D. Seckel, Luca Macchiarulo, P. F. Dowkontt, R. Hupe, B. Strutt, C. C. Chen, Cosmin Deaconu, Chun Hsiung Chen, S. Y. Lin, J. J. Beatty, Eric Oberla, K. M. Liewer, D. Z. Besson, J. Stockham, G. S. Varner, P. Cao, B. Rotter, S. Matsuno, Harm Schoorlemmer, Amy Connolly, Stephanie Wissel, Berkeley Hill, Jiwoo Nam, C. Miki, K. Hughes, Katharine Mulrey, V. Bugaev, Andrew Ludwig, Alexander Novikov, M. H. Israel, J. W. H. Gordon, J. W. Russell, L. Cremonesi, J. Shiao, W. R. Binns, J. J. Huang, B. Dailey, J. M. Robert, Konstantin Belov, S. Stafford, Patrick Allison, B. D. Fox, M. Stockham, J. Stuhr, K. McBride, Peter Gorham, J. M. Clem, and S. Prohira
- Subjects
Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Monte Carlo method ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Geophysics ,Radiation ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,0103 physical sciences ,Parametrization (atmospheric modeling) ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Transient (oscillation) ,Antenna (radio) ,Neutrino ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Instrumentation ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,Mathematical Physics ,Radio detection ,Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Abstract
A Monte Carlo simulation program for the radio detection of Ultra High Energy (UHE) neutrino interactions in the Antarctic ice as viewed by the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) is described in this article. The program, icemc, provides an input spectrum of UHE neutrinos, the parametrization of the Askaryan radiation generated by their interaction in the ice, and the propagation of the radiation through ice and air to a simulated model of the third and fourth ANITA flights. This paper provides an overview of the icemc simulation, descriptions of the physics models used and of the ANITA electronics processing chain, data/simulation comparisons to validate the predicted performance, and a summary of the impact of published results.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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26. Observation of an Unusual Upward-Going Cosmic-Ray-like Event in the Third Flight of ANITA
- Author
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Charles J. Naudet, L. Batten, Tsung-Che Liu, S. Y. Lin, B. Strutt, David Saltzberg, R. J. Nichol, Eric Oberla, Peter Gorham, Paul Dowkontt, J. Roberts, S. H. Wang, Pisin Chen, P. Cao, Cosmin Deaconu, A. Javaid, Konstantin Belov, S. Matsuno, J. J. Beatty, L. Cremonesi, S. Prohira, J. W. H. Gordon, J. W. Russell, J. J. Huang, A. Novikov, Keith Bechtol, B. Dailey, Abigail G. Vieregg, Andrew Ludwig, Harm Schoorlemmer, J. M. Clem, R. Prechelt, S. Stafford, D. Seckel, Luca Macchiarulo, Stephanie Wissel, Andres Romero-Wolf, J. Stockham, Jiwoo Nam, K. Hughes, W. R. Binns, O. Banerjee, B. Rotter, C. Hast, C. Miki, Berkeley Hill, Patrick Allison, B. D. Fox, C. C. Chen, Chun Hsiung Chen, D. Z. Besson, K. Mulrey, V. Bugaev, M. Olmedo, G. S. Varner, M. Stockham, Brian Rauch, J. Shiao, M. H. Israel, Joe Lam, R. Hupe, Kurt Liewer, and Amy Connolly
- Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Flux ,Cosmic ray ,Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Standard Model ,Air shower ,0103 physical sciences ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Neutrino ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,010306 general physics ,Event (particle physics) ,Charged current ,Lepton - Abstract
We report on an upward traveling, radio-detected cosmic-ray-like impulsive event with characteristics closely matching an extensive air shower. This event, observed in the third flight of the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA), a NASA-sponsored long-duration balloon payload, is consistent with a similar event reported in a previous flight. These events may be produced by the atmospheric decay of an upward-propagating $\tau$-lepton produced by a $\nu_{\tau}$ interaction, although their relatively steep arrival angles create tension with the standard model (SM) neutrino cross section. Each of the two events have $a~posteriori$ background estimates of $\lesssim 10^{-2}$ events. If these are generated by $\tau$-lepton decay, then either the charged-current $\nu_{\tau}$ cross section is suppressed at EeV energies, or the events arise at moments when the peak flux of a transient neutrino source was much larger than the typical expected cosmogenic background neutrinos., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. Supplemental material available from corresponding author by request
- Published
- 2018
27. Prospects for high-elevation radio detection of 0>10 PeV tau neutrinos
- Author
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Mercedes Vasquez, Enrique Zas, Austin Cummings, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, B. Strutt, Washington Rodrigues de Carvalho, Cosmin Deaconu, Caroline Paciaroni, Kaeli Hughes, Joalda Morancy, S. Prohira, Max Stapel-Kalat, Stephanie Wissel, Abigail G. Vieregg, Eric Oberla, Dan Southall, Andres Romero-Wolf, Harm Schoorlemmer, and Andrew Ludwig
- Subjects
Masking (art) ,Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Frequency band ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Detector ,Elevation ,Flux ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,Duty cycle ,0103 physical sciences ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Neutrino ,Energy (signal processing) - Abstract
Tau neutrinos are expected to comprise roughly one third of both the astrophysical and cosmogenic neutrino flux, but currently the flavor ratio is poorly constrained and the expected flux at energies above 1017 eV is low. We present a detector concept aimed at measuring the diffuse flux of tau neutrinos in this energy range via a high-elevation mountaintop detector using the radio technique. The detector searches for radio signals from upgoing air showers generated by Earth-skimming tau neutrinos. Signals from several antennas in a compact array are coherently summed at the trigger level, permitting not only directional masking of anthropogenic backgrounds, but also a low trigger threshold. This design takes advantage of both the large viewing area available at high-elevation sites and the nearly full duty cycle available to radio instruments. We present trade studies that consider the station elevation, frequency band, number of antennas in the array, and the trigger threshold to develop a highly efficient station design. Such a mountaintop detector can achieve a factor of ten improvement in acceptance over existing instruments with 100 independent stations. With 1000 stations and three years of observation, it can achieve a sensitivity to an integrated −2 flux of
- Published
- 2020
28. Design, construction and operation of a low-power, autonomous radio-frequency data-acquisition station for the TARA experiment
- Author
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A. Novikov, D. Z. Besson, M Smirnova, V. Sanivarapu, William Hanlon, J. C. Hanson, John Belz, Helio Takai, W.H. Gillman, M. Byrne, A. Rezazadeh, David Schurig, A. Shustov, Rasha Abbasi, Christopher Allen, R. Young, S. Kunwar, Gordon Thomson, Isaac Myers, S. Prohira, Behrouz Farhang-Boroujeny, and Kenneth L. Ratzlaff
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Transmitter ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy ,Cosmic ray ,Communications system ,7. Clean energy ,law.invention ,Telescope ,Data acquisition ,13. Climate action ,law ,Chirp ,Radio frequency ,Radar ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,Instrumentation ,Remote sensing - Abstract
Employing a 40-kW radio-frequency transmitter just west of Delta, UT, and operating at 54.1 MHz, the TARA (Telescope Array RAdar) experiment seeks radar detection of extensive air showers (EAS) initiated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR). For UHECR with energies in excess of $10^{19}$ eV, the Doppler-shifted "chirps" resulting from EAS shower core radar reflections should be observable above background (dominantly galactic) at distances of tens of km from the TARA transmitter. In order to stereoscopically reconstruct cosmic ray chirps, two remote, autonomous self-powered receiver stations have been deployed. Each remote station (RS) combines both low power consumption as well as low cost. Triggering logic, the powering and communication systems, and some specific details of hardware components are discussed., version accepted for publication in Nucl. Instr. Meth. A
- Published
- 2015
29. Constraints on the diffuse high-energy neutrino flux from the third flight of ANITA
- Author
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Charles J. Naudet, M. S. Sutherland, Brian Rauch, J. J. Huang, B. Dailey, S. Y. Hsu, Andrew Ludwig, Eric Oberla, Katharine Mulrey, J. M. Clem, R. J. Nichol, B. Rotter, V. Bugaev, Berkeley Hill, W. R. Binns, Alexander Novikov, G. S. Varner, Konstantin Belov, J. Shiao, Harm Schoorlemmer, Cosmin Deaconu, Keith Bechtol, S. Prohira, J. W. H. Gordon, J. W. Russell, D. Z. Besson, Abigail G. Vieregg, A. Romero-Wolf, S. Stafford, Jiwoo Nam, D. Seckel, M. H. Israel, O. Banerjee, J. Stockham, Stephanie Wissel, L. Cremonesi, B. Strutt, S. Matsuno, J. J. Beatty, C. C. Chen, Peter Gorham, K. Hughes, Luca Macchiarulo, Chun Hsiung Chen, P. F. Dowkontt, Patrick Allison, C. Hast, L. Batten, Po-Hsun Chen, C. Miki, B. D. Fox, R. Hupe, P. Cao, K. M. Liewer, J. Roberts, M. Stockham, Tsung-Che Liu, David Saltzberg, S. H. Wang, and Amy Connolly
- Subjects
Physics ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,High energy ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Payload ,Signal region ,Flux ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,13. Climate action ,0103 physical sciences ,Antenna (radio) ,Neutrino ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,010306 general physics ,Event (particle physics) ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,Radio wave - Abstract
The Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA), a NASA long-duration balloon payload, searches for radio emission from interactions of ultra-high-energy neutrinos in polar ice. The third flight of ANITA (ANITA-III) was launched in December 2014 and completed a 22-day flight. We present the results of three analyses searching for Askaryan radio emission of neutrino origin. In the most sensitive of the analyses, we find one event in the signal region on an expected a priori background of $0.7^{+0.5}_{-0.3}$. Though consistent with the background estimate, the candidate event remains compatible with a neutrino hypothesis even after additional post-unblinding scrutiny., Comment: 15 pages, 15 figures, Accepted to PRD
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Antarctic Surface Reflectivity Calculations and Measurements from the ANITA-4 and HiCal-2 Experiments
- Author
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J. M. Clem, Peter Gorham, P. Cao, Amy Connolly, Patrick Allison, Harm Schoorlemmer, B. Rotter, B. D. Fox, Konstantin Belov, B. Dailey, Kenneth L. Ratzlaff, O. Banerjee, R. J. Nichol, M. Stockham, C. Hast, Katharine Mulrey, V. Bugaev, Abigail G. Vieregg, Stephanie Wissel, Alexander Novikov, S. Nande, D. Z. Besson, F. Wu, M. H. Israel, Cosmin Deaconu, S. Matsuno, Tsung-Che Liu, G. S. Varner, D. Seckel, J. J. Beatty, P. Jain, M. Mottram, L. Cremonesi, R. Hupe, Paramita Dasgupta, S. Stafford, A. Romero-Wolf, Joshua A. Gordon, David Saltzberg, K. Tatem, L. Batten, W. R. Binns, Joe Lam, S. Prohira, Jiwoo Nam, R. Young, Po-Hsun Chen, Andrew Ludwig, P. F. Dowkontt, B. Strutt, J. W. Russell, Chun Hsiung Chen, Eric Oberla, J. Stockham, Berkeley Hill, Brian Rauch, and C. Miki
- Subjects
Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,business.industry ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Curvature ,01 natural sciences ,Wavelength ,Optics ,Amplitude ,Orders of magnitude (time) ,0103 physical sciences ,Reflection (physics) ,Surface roughness ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,010306 general physics ,business ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,Zenith ,Radio wave - Abstract
The balloon-borne HiCal radio-frequency (RF) transmitter, in concert with the ANITA radio-frequency receiver array, is designed to measure the Antarctic surface reflectivity in the RF wavelength regime. The amplitude of surface-reflected transmissions from HiCal, registered as triggered events by ANITA, can be compared with the direct transmissions preceding them by O(10) microseconds, to infer the surface power reflection coefficient $\cal{R}$. The first HiCal mission (HiCal-1, Jan. 2015) yielded a sample of 100 such pairs, resulting in estimates of $\cal{R}$ at highly-glancing angles (i.e., zenith angles approaching $90^\circ$), with measured reflectivity for those events which exceeded extant calculations. The HiCal-2 experiment, flying from Dec., 2016-Jan., 2017, provided an improvement by nearly two orders of magnitude in our event statistics, allowing a considerably more precise mapping of the reflectivity over a wider range of incidence angles. We find general agreement between the HiCal-2 reflectivity results and those obtained with the earlier HiCal-1 mission, as well as estimates from Solar reflections in the radio-frequency regime. In parallel, our calculations of expected reflectivity have matured; herein, we use a plane-wave expansion to estimate the reflectivity R from both a flat, smooth surface (and, in so doing, recover the Fresnel reflectivity equations) and also a curved surface. Multiplying our flat-smooth reflectivity by improved Earth curvature and surface roughness corrections now provides significantly better agreement between theory and the HiCal 2a/2b measurements., Comment: submitted to Astropart. Phys
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- 2018
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31. Telescope Array Radar (TARA) observatory for Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays
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S. Kunwar, C. Jayanthmurthy, William Hanlon, Rasha Abbasi, Helio Takai, Shane L. Larson, W.H. Gillman, J. C. Hanson, D. Z. Besson, John Belz, Gordon Thomson, Isaac Myers, Avery Tye Gardner, M. Abou Bakr Othman, S. Prohira, D. Von Maluski, Pierre Sokolsky, M. Byrne, Christopher Allen, Behrouz Farhang-Boroujeny, L. Beard, and Kenneth L. Ratzlaff
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Cosmic ray ,Effective radiated power ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Telescope ,Observatory ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray ,Radar ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Instrumentation ,Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ,Remote sensing ,Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Detector ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astronomy ,Depth sounding ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
Construction was completed during summer 2013 on the Telescope Array RAdar (TARA) bi-static radar observatory for Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR). TARA is co-located with the Telescope Array, the largest "conventional" cosmic ray detector in the Northern Hemisphere, in radio-quiet Western Utah. TARA employs an 8 MW Effective Radiated Power (ERP) VHF transmitter and smart receiver system based on a 250 MS/s data acquisition system in an effort to detect the scatter of sounding radiation by UHECR-induced atmospheric ionization. TARA seeks to demonstrate bi-static radar as a useful new remote sensing technique for UHECRs, extending their detection aperture far beyond what is accessible by conventional means. In this report, we describe the design and performance of the TARA transmitter and receiver systems.
- Published
- 2014
32. Probing the radar scattering cross-section for high-energy particle cascades in ice
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Gordon Thomson, S. Prohira, Daisuke Ikeda, U. Latif, Krijn de Vries, Thomas Meures, Krijn D. de Vries, Simona Toscano, Rasha Abbasi, Kael Hanson, David Zeke Besson, Joshua Macy, B. K. Shin, Aongus O'Murchadha, Michael DuVernois, John N. Matthews, and John Belz
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Physics ,Range (particle radiation) ,High energy particle ,law ,Scattering ,Ionization ,Plasma ,Electron ,Neutrino ,Radar ,Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ,law.invention ,Computational physics - Abstract
Recently the radar scattering technique to probe neutrino induced particle cascades above PeV energies in ice was investigated. The feasibility of the radar detection method was shown to crucially depend on several up to now unknown plasma properties, such as the plasma lifetime and the free charge collision rate. To determine these parameters, a radar scattering experiment was performed at the Telescope Array Electron Light Source facility, where a beam of high-energy electrons was directed in a block of ice. The induced ionization plasma was consequently probed using a radar detection set-up detecting over a wide frequency range from 200 MHz up to 2 GHz. First qualitative results of this experiment will be presented.
- Published
- 2017
33. Antarctic Surface Reflectivity Measurements from the ANITA-3 and HiCal-1 Experiments
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Christian Miki, B. Dailey, D. Z. Besson, P. F. Dowkontt, Alexander Novikov, S. Stafford, M. H. Israel, O. Banerjee, J. Kowalski, John G. Learned, B. Strutt, Che-Yu Chen, B. Rotter, G. S. Varner, Peter Gorham, Jiwoo Nam, P. Allison, S. Prohira, Kurt Liewer, R. Young, Paramita Dasgupta, L. Cremonesi, M. Mottram, K. Tatem, R. J. Nichol, J. W. H. Gordon, J. W. Russell, A. Connolly, Harm Schoorlemmer, S. Matsuno, R. Hupe, D. Seckel, F. Wu, Cosmin Deaconu, W. R. Binns, J. J. Beatty, Brian Rauch, V. Bugaev, M. Stockham, Andrew Romero-Wolf, Stephanie Wissel, Pisin Chen, J. Stockham, B. D. Fox, P. Jain, P. Cao, Berkeley Hill, K. Mulrey, John Clem, Kenneth L. Ratzlaff, Tsung-Che Liu, David Saltzberg, J. Lam, Eric Oberla, Abigail G. Vieregg, and Konstantin Belov
- Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Cosmic ray ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Optics ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Surface roughness ,Radar ,010306 general physics ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,Instrumentation ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Physics ,Beam diameter ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,business.industry ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Fresnel equations ,Reflection (physics) ,Antenna (radio) ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,business ,Radio wave - Abstract
The primary science goal of the NASA-sponsored ANITA project is measurement of ultra-high energy neutrinos and cosmic rays, observed via radio-frequency signals resulting from a neutrino- or cosmic ray- interaction with terrestrial matter (atmospheric or ice molecules, e.g.). Accurate inference of the energies of these cosmic rays requires understanding the transmission/reflection of radio wave signals across the ice-air boundary. Satellite-based measurements of Antarctic surface reflectivity, using a co-located transmitter and receiver, have been performed more-or-less continuously for the last few decades. Satellite-based reflectivity surveys, at frequencies ranging from 2--45 GHz and at near-normal incidence, yield generally consistent reflectivity maps across Antarctica. Using the Sun as an RF source, and the ANITA-3 balloon borne radio-frequency antenna array as the RF receiver, we have also measured the surface reflectivity over the interval 200-1000 MHz, at elevation angles of 12-30 degrees, finding agreement with the Fresnel equations within systematic errors. To probe low incidence angles, inaccessible to the Antarctic Solar technique and not probed by previous satellite surveys, a novel experimental approach ("HiCal-1") was devised. Unlike previous measurements, HiCal-ANITA constitute a bi-static transmitter-receiver pair separated by hundreds of kilometers. Data taken with HiCal, between 200--600 MHz shows a significant departure from the Fresnel equations, constant with frequency over that band, with the deficit increasing with obliquity of incidence, which we attribute to the combined effects of possible surface roughness, surface grain effects, radar clutter and/or shadowing of the reflection zone due to Earth curvature effects., updated to match publication version
- Published
- 2017
34. Implementation of a custom time-domain firmware trigger for RADAR-based cosmic ray detection
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S. Prohira, Kenneth L. Ratzlaff, D. Z. Besson, S. Kunwar, and R. Young
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Real-time computing ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Cosmic ray ,computer.software_genre ,01 natural sciences ,Signal ,law.invention ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Telescope ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,ddc:530 ,Time domain ,Radar ,010306 general physics ,Instrumentation ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Firmware ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,computer ,Energy (signal processing) ,Radio wave - Abstract
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research / A 890, 126 - 132 (2018). doi:10.1016/j.nima.2018.02.051, Interest in Radio-based detection schemes for ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) has surged in recent years, owing to the potentially very low cost/detection ratio. The method of radio-frequency (RF) scatter has been proposed as potentially the most economical detection technology. Though the first dedicated experiment to employ this method, the Telescope Array RADAR experiment (TARA) reported no signal, efforts to develop more robust and sensitive trigger techniques continue. This paper details the development of a time-domain firmware trigger that exploits characteristics of the expected scattered signal from an UHECR extensive-air shower (EAS). The improved sensitivity of this trigger is discussed, as well as implementation in two separate field deployments from 2016 to 2017., Published by North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam
- Published
- 2017
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35. Dynamic tunable notch filters for the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA)
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P. F. Dowkontt, A. Novikov, J. J. Beatty, B. Rotter, J. Stockham, J. J. Huang, B. Dailey, O. Banerjee, Stephanie Wissel, C. Miki, D. Z. Besson, Peter Gorham, Amy Connolly, Jiwoo Nam, K. Mulrey, J. Shiao, R. Young, J. Kowalski, Po-Hsun Chen, J. G. Learned, J. W. Russell, Patrick Allison, V. Bugaev, Yung-Yaw Chen, J. Ripa, R. J. Nichol, G. S. Varner, Kurt Liewer, Konstantin Belov, M. Stockham, S. Stafford, Andrew Romero-Wolf, Cosmin Deaconu, Andrew Ludwig, M. H. Israel, P. Cao, S.L. Wang, Brian Rauch, Shih-Chieh Hsu, F. Wu, W. R. Binns, L. Cremonesi, B. Strutt, M. Kovacevich, K. Tatem, R. Hupe, Chun Hsiung Chen, S. Matsuno, Joshua A. Gordon, Jay Roberts, S. Prohira, J. M. Clem, Tsung-Che Liu, David Saltzberg, L. Batten, Abigail G. Vieregg, D. Seckel, J. Lam, and Eric Oberla
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Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Signal processing ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Acoustics ,Amplifier ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Band-stop filter ,01 natural sciences ,Askaryan effect ,13. Climate action ,0103 physical sciences ,Radio frequency ,Transient (oscillation) ,Antenna (radio) ,010306 general physics ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Instrumentation ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,Noise (radio) - Abstract
The Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) is a NASA long-duration balloon experiment with the primary goal of detecting ultra-high-energy ($>10^{18}\,\mbox{eV}$) neutrinos via the Askaryan Effect. The fourth ANITA mission, ANITA-IV, recently flew from Dec 2 to Dec 29, 2016. For the first time, the Tunable Universal Filter Frontend (TUFF) boards were deployed for mitigation of narrow-band, anthropogenic noise with tunable, switchable notch filters. The TUFF boards also performed second-stage amplification by approximately 45 dB to boost the $\sim\,��\mbox{V-level}$ radio frequency (RF) signals to $\sim$ mV-level for digitization, and supplied power via bias tees to the first-stage, antenna-mounted amplifiers. The other major change in signal processing in ANITA-IV is the resurrection of the $90^{\circ}$ hybrids deployed previously in ANITA-I, in the trigger system, although in this paper we focus on the TUFF boards. During the ANITA-IV mission, the TUFF boards were successfully operated throughout the flight. They contributed to a factor of 2.8 higher total instrument livetime on average in ANITA-IV compared to ANITA-III due to reduction of narrow-band, anthropogenic noise before a trigger decision is made., 27 pages, 19 figures
- Published
- 2017
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36. Suggestion of coherent radio reflections from an electron-beam induced particle cascade
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John P. Ralston, A. Nozdrina, Thomas Meures, David Zeke Besson, Jorge Torres, Xinzhe Zuo, K. D. de Vries, Zoe Riesen, Stephanie Wissel, David Saltzberg, C. Hast, Amy Connolly, S. Prohira, U. Latif, Physics, and Elementary Particle Physics
- Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,FOS: Physical sciences ,01 natural sciences ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Nuclear physics ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,Particle shower ,Ionization ,0103 physical sciences ,010306 general physics ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,Physics ,hep-ex ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Généralités ,Cascade ,Cathode ray ,Continuous wave ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Neutrino ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,astro-ph.IM ,Radio wave ,Coherence (physics) - Abstract
Testbeam experiment 576 at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory sought to make the first measurement of coherent radio reflections from the ionization produced in the wake of a high-energy particle shower. The >10 GeV electron beam at the SLAC End Station A was directed into a large high-density polyethylene target to produce a shower analogous to that produced by an EeV neutrino interaction in ice. Continuous wave radio was transmitted into the target, and receiving antennas monitored for reflection of the transmitted signal from the ionization left in the wake of the shower. We detail the first run of the experiment and report on preliminary hints of a signal consistent with a radio reflection at a statistical significance of 2.36σ., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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37. Coherent radar reflections from an electron-beam induced particle cascade
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Stephanie Wissel, Jiwoo Nam, A. Nozdrina, Thomas Meures, S. Prohira, D. Z. Besson, John P. Ralston, Xinzhe Zuo, Simona Toscano, U. Latif, Patrick Allison, Amy Connolly, Zoe Riesen, Krijn de Vries, David Saltzberg, Nick van Eijndhoven, Cade Sbrocco, J. J. Beatty, and Jorge Torres
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Physics ,Range (particle radiation) ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,law.invention ,Nuclear physics ,law ,Particle shower ,Ionization ,Reflection (physics) ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Radio frequency ,Neutrino ,Radar ,Energy (signal processing) - Abstract
Experiment T-576 ran at SLAC in 2018, in development of a new radar-based detection scheme for ultra-high energy neutrinos. In this experiment, the electron beam (N$\sim10^9e^{-}$ at $\sim 10$ GeV) was directed into a plastic target to simulate a $10^{19}$ eV neutrino-induced shower in ice. This shower was interrogated with radio frequency (RF) radiation, in an attempt to measure a radar-like reflection from the ionization produced in the target during the particle shower. This technique could be employed to detect the rare interactions of ultra-high-energy neutrinos in dense material, such as polar ice sheets, extending the extant energy range of detected neutrinos up to EeV and beyond. In this proceeding, we detail the experiment and present results from the analysis and the observation of a signal consistent with a radar signal.
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38. Upward-pointing cosmic-ray-like events observed with ANITA
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S. Hoover, Cosmin Deaconu, Jiwoo Nam, K. Hughes, Johnny S. T. Ng, J. J. Beatty, Christian Miki, J. Lam, D. Walz, M. Mottram, John G. Learned, J. Roberts, R. J. Nichol, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, P. Allison, Daniel A. Goldstein, J. Kowalski, R. Hupe, K. Tatem, S. Stafford, Peter Gorham, B. Strutt, Enrique Zas, Kevin Reil, Tsung-Che Liu, Andrew Ludwig, L. Cremonesi, J. W. H. Gordon, J. W. Russell, A. Javaid, G. S. Varner, Brian Rauch, W. R. Carvalho, B. Dailey, Konstantin Belov, David Saltzberg, H. Schoorlemmer, M. Stockham, P. Miočinović, Abigail G. Vieregg, J. Stockham, C. Hast, R. C. Field, F. Wu, D. Z. Besson, P. F. Dowkontt, B. C. Mercurio, Alexander Novikov, W. R. Binns, O. Banerjee, V. Bugaev, M. H. Israel, Andres Romero-Wolf, S. Prohira, C. J. Naudet, C. L. Hebert, Jason Link, Elizabeth R Lusczek, M. A. DuVernois, M. Rosen, L. L. Ruckman, B. D. Fox, B. Rotter, P. Cao, K. Mulrey, Kurt Liewer, D. Seckel, Amy Connolly, Berkeley Hill, John Clem, Chiang-Mei Chen, Stephanie Wissel, L. Batten, Pisin Chen, K. J. Palladino, and S. Matsuno
- Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Primary (astronomy) ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy ,Cosmic ray ,Neutrino ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Event (particle physics) ,Geology - Abstract
These proceedings address a recent publication by the ANITA collaboration of four upward- pointing cosmic-ray-like events observed in the first flight of ANITA. Three of these events were consistent with stratospheric cosmic-ray air showers where the axis of propagation does not inter- sect the surface of the Earth. The fourth event was consistent with a primary particle that emerges from the surface of the ice suggesting a possible {\tau}-lepton decay as the origin of this event. These proceedings follow-up on the modeling and testing of the hypothesis that this event was of {\tau} neutrino origin., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, presented at the International Cosmic Ray Conference 2017, Busan, South Korea
39. The Radar Echo Telescope for Cosmic Rays: Pathfinder experiment for a next-generation neutrino observatory
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'S. Prohira
40. SiPM-based azimuthal position sensor in ANITA-IV Hi-Cal Antarctic balloon experiment.
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A Novikov, D Besson, I Chernysheva, V Dmitrenko, V Grachev, D Petrenko, S Prohira, A Shustov, S Ulin, Z Uteshev, and K Vlasik
- Published
- 2017
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41. Observation of Radar Echoes from High-Energy Particle Cascades.
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Prohira S, de Vries KD, Allison P, Beatty J, Besson D, Connolly A, van Eijndhoven N, Hast C, Kuo CY, Latif UA, Meures T, Nam J, Nozdrina A, Ralston JP, Riesen Z, Sbrocco C, Torres J, and Wissel S
- Abstract
We report the observation of radar echoes from the ionization trails of high-energy particle cascades. Data were taken at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, where the full electron beam (∼10^{9} e^{-} at ∼10 GeV/e^{-}) was directed into a plastic target to simulate an ultrahigh-energy neutrino interaction. The target was interrogated with radio waves, and coherent radio reflections from the cascades were detected with properties consistent with theoretical expectations. This is the first definitive observation of radar echoes from high-energy particle cascades, which may lead to a viable neutrino detection technology for energies ≳10^{16} eV.
- Published
- 2020
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42. Coherent Transition Radiation from the Geomagnetically Induced Current in Cosmic-Ray Air Showers: Implications for the Anomalous Events Observed by ANITA.
- Author
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de Vries KD and Prohira S
- Abstract
We show that coherent transition radiation from the electrically neutral transverse geomagnetic current (CTR-GM) in a cosmic-ray air shower provides a natural, standard model, explanation to the recent "anomalous" events observed by the ANITA detector. We demonstrate that for zenith angles less than ∼70°, combined with high surface elevation, the inclusion of CTR-GM can significantly alter the emitted electric field from a cosmic-ray air shower. CTR-GM therefore has to be included in the radio emission models to provide a full description of the radio emission from a high-energy cosmic-ray air shower traversing a dielectric boundary.
- Published
- 2019
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43. Observation of an Unusual Upward-Going Cosmic-Ray-like Event in the Third Flight of ANITA.
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Gorham PW, Rotter B, Allison P, Banerjee O, Batten L, Beatty JJ, Bechtol K, Belov K, Besson DZ, Binns WR, Bugaev V, Cao P, Chen CC, Chen CH, Chen P, Clem JM, Connolly A, Cremonesi L, Dailey B, Deaconu C, Dowkontt PF, Fox BD, Gordon JWH, Hast C, Hill B, Hughes K, Huang JJ, Hupe R, Israel MH, Javaid A, Lam J, Liewer KM, Lin SY, Liu TC, Ludwig A, Macchiarulo L, Matsuno S, Miki C, Mulrey K, Nam J, Naudet CJ, Nichol RJ, Novikov A, Oberla E, Olmedo M, Prechelt R, Prohira S, Rauch BF, Roberts JM, Romero-Wolf A, Russell JW, Saltzberg D, Seckel D, Schoorlemmer H, Shiao J, Stafford S, Stockham J, Stockham M, Strutt B, Varner GS, Vieregg AG, Wang SH, and Wissel SA
- Abstract
We report on an upward traveling, radio-detected cosmic-ray-like impulsive event with characteristics closely matching an extensive air shower. This event, observed in the third flight of the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA), a NASA-sponsored long-duration balloon payload, is consistent with a similar event reported in a previous flight. These events could be produced by the atmospheric decay of an upward-propagating τ lepton produced by a ν_{τ} interaction, although their relatively steep arrival angles create tension with the standard model neutrino cross section. Each of the two events have a posteriori background estimates of ≲10^{-2} events. If these are generated by τ-lepton decay, then either the charged-current ν_{τ} cross section is suppressed at EeV energies, or the events arise at moments when the peak flux of a transient neutrino source was much larger than the typical expected cosmogenic background neutrinos.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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