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Reversible computations, besides quantum computing, have various applications in digital signal processing, nanotechnology and bioinformatics. They are particularly useful in designing low-power devices and improving computational efficiency. Cryptography is vital for protecting sensitive information in fields such as bioinformatics and digital signal processing where private data is frequently exchanged. However, cryptographic algorithms can consume significant power and require large areas, particularly when implemented in hardware. Reversible logic gates offer a potential solution by being more power-efficient and potentially reducing implementation area. Using random numbers as keys for both encryption and decryption in a reversible logic gate-based cryptographic algorithm can enhance security. LSB watermarking is a technique to embed additional metadata into digital media, improving data security. To evaluate the performance of the Field Programmable Gate Array for the Reversible Logic Gate Cryptography Design architecture, comparing it to the other state-of-the-art approach is necessary.

Gingival fenestrations are relatively rare phenomenon which results from exposure of tooth due to loss of the overlying bone and gingiva. If left untreated such lesions may act as a source of infection by providing a nidus for bacteria. This case report describes one such case of mucosal fenestration that was managed well using an interdisciplinary approach which included endodontic retreatment, periapical surgery with regenerative approach in the first stage. After 6 months second stage surgery was performed using connective tissue graft. At one year follow up, complete closure of the mucosal defect was found with substantial bone regeneration.

Nd3+ doped TiO2 and undoped TiO2 were produced by the complication free hydro thermal synthesis process. The doping has reduced the bandgap of the tailored material compared to its purest form. The UV–vis spectroscopy and Photo Fluorescence spectroscopy are employed to study the characteristics of the synthesized material and the results drawn from the characterization vouch that the gap between the CB and VB has minimized. The absorption peak calculated using the spectro-flourometer asserts that Nd3+ doped TiO2 can be utilized well in the UV-A and UV-B regions along with the visible region of the solar light. This expansion in the area will enhance the efficiency of the solar cells.

Theoretical and experimental investigations on the molecular structure of 2-amino-5-chloro-3-nitropyridine (2A5Cl3NP) are presented. The molecular equilibrium geometry of the title molecule is fully optimized. Quantum chemical calculations of the HOMO-LUMO energies, energy gap (ΔE), electron negativity (χ), and chemical potential (μ), global hardness (ƞ), and global softness (S) are calculated for the title molecule. The title compound has a low softness value (0.2770) and the calculated value of electrophilicity index (7.7250) describes the biological activity. The stability and charge delocalization of the title molecule are studied by Natural Bond Orbital Analysis (NBO), Non-Linear Optical (NLO) behaviour in terms of first order hyperpolarizability, dipole moment, anisotropy of polarizability are accounted. The computed values of dipole moment (μ) for 2A5Cl3NP molecule is 3.0173 Debye, polarizability (α) is 1.6017 × 10–23esu, hyperpolarizability (β) is 5.08173 × 10–30esu. The high β value and non-zero value of μ indicate that the title compound might be a good candidate for NLO material. The strength of the interaction between electron donors and electron acceptors is measured by the magnitude of energy of hyper conjugative interactions E (2). The second-order Fock matrix is calculated to study the donor–acceptor interactions in NBO analysis.

The research exploration will comprise of investigating the hyperpolarizability, frontier molecular orbital analysis and NBO, the data analyzed through theoretical methods using Density Functional Theories (DFT) involves the basic principle of solving the Schrodinger equation for many body systems. The results of the organic amine 2–4-difluoroaniline is analyzed and discussed using higher basis set 6-311++G(d, 2p). The energy gap between the HOMO and the LUMO of 2, 4-difluoroaniline is found to be 5.2186 eV. The chemical hardness of the 2, 4-difluoroaniline molecule is found to be 2.6093, indicating that the chemical hardness is very high and hence, the compound is chemically stable. The electrophilicity index of the title molecule using the B3LYP method is 2.3371 for 2, 4-difluoroaniline molecule. Thus the chosen molecule is a potential candidate for NLO applications.

Zinc (Zn) is a mineral that is required for normal plant and human metabolism; nevertheless, Zn deficiency in soil poses a significant threat to long-term agricultural productivity. In this investigation, the impacts of zinc solubilizing bacteria (ZSB) on Zn release, rice plant growth, and yield parameters in the Zn-deficient submerged soil were evaluated. The Zn solubilization capacity of five different bacterial isolates was tested, followed by an incubation study that was conducted for 9 weeks under the submerged condition in the Zn-deficient calcareous sandy clay loam soil. A field experiment was conducted in Zn-deficient soil with randomized block design and replicated thrice to find out the impact of two Zn sources, viz., zinc carbonate (ZnCO3) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) with the efficient ZSB on rice growth and Zn accumulation in the rice grains. Out of five tested bacterial isolates, Bacillus aryabhattai KSB N2K7 released the significantly higher amount of Zn in the liquid medium amended with insoluble Zn sources, such as zinc oxide (ZnO) and zinc carbonate (ZnCO3) of 185.7 mg L–1 and 185.4 mg L–1, respectively. The incubation study revealed that the application of ZnSO4 (25 kg ha–1) with B. aryabhattai KSB N2K7 showed a significantly higher range of Zn release (3.81 to 5.12 mg kg–1) during 9 weeks of incubation as compared with that of ZnCO3 (11 kg ha–1) with B. aryabhattai KSB N2K7 (3.52 to 4.48 mg kg–1). The application of Zn sources with B. aryabhattai KSB N2K7 resulted in a significant increase in plant biometrics. The application of 25 kg ZnSO4 per hectare with B. aryabhattai KSB N2K7 resulted in the significantly higher grain yield of 5806 kg ha–1 than that of treatment containing recommended dose of fertilizers alone. The application of 25 kg ZnSO4 per hectare with B. aryabhattai KSB N2K7 registered significantly higher Zn accumulation in grain compared to all other treatments. Thus, the results demonstrated the crucial role of Bacillus aryabhattai KSB N2K7 in Zn release and rice fortification in the Zn-deficient submerged soil.

Pb1-xCoxFe12O19 nano-crystallites with an average crystal diameter varying between 74 and 86 nm are prepared via sol-gel auto-combustion. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies confirmed the single-phase P63/mmc space group. The surface morphology of the samples carried out using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) revealed the long hexagonal structure of the ferrites. Dielectric characterization is studied from room temperature to 800 K and in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 5 MHz. The ferrites exhibited two transition peaks in this temperature region which are attributed to phase transitions between ferroelectric to anti-ferroelectric and anti-ferroelectric to paraelectric phase. The composition x = 0.75 is suitable for high definition television deflection yokes for it has exhibited the highest dielectric constant, low ac electrical conductivity.