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Background Periodontitis is the common oral condition which affects the periodontium of the teeth that leads to destruction of periodontal ligaments and alveolar bone. Open flap debridement is the surgical procedure which provides access and visibility of the site, application of laser as an adjunct has various advantages. Objective To compare clinical outcomes after open flap debridement with or without diode laser. Method Patients aged 25-45 years diagnosed with infrabony defect ≥ 5 mm visiting Department of Dental Surgery, Bir Hospital. Control group sites were treated with open flap debridement alone, whereas test-groups were treated with Open flap debridement with diode laser. Various parameters like Plaque index, Gingival index, Pocket depth and Clinical attachment level were assessed and compared between groups at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Result The mean plaque and gingival scores improved in both the control and test groups at 3 and 6 months follow up as compared to baseline and was statistically nonsignificant between two groups. Open flap debridement with or without diode laser in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects did not produce significant reduction in pocket depth and gain in clinical attachment level. Conclusion There was no significant differences in the clinical parameters were seen in the surgical flap debridement of infrabony pocket with and without diode laser. Diode laser can be used safely as an adjunct. However, long-term, multicentric, histologic and microbial studies are required.

Mukhadourgandhya is mentioned in many Ayurvedic diseases; likewise, halitosis can be seen in many diseases. Mukhadourgandhya (halitosis) is quite an embarrassing and bothersome condition. Causative factors for Mukhadourgandhya are oral unhygienic, dental causes, throat disorders and non-oral causes like gastritis, etc. Among 10 people, 7 of them show this condition. Using the chlorohexidine solution for gargling shows various side effects. In this present study, Trisugandha Arka, an Ayurvedic formulation mentioned in the Ayurvedic text on Mukhadourgandhya, was selected, and the Arka formulation was prepared as mentioned in the text. Kavala was selected as the mode of administration as this procedure is indicated in Mukhadourgandhya condition. 5 patients of mukhadourgandhya (halitosis) condition were given Trisugandha Arka for Kavala for 7 days. The assessment of the condition was done before and after treatment. The result of the study was assessed after comparing the condition before and after the completion of the study. The Trisugandha Arka has aromatic oil and antimicrobial action and Vata-Kapha Hara properties which prove effective in the condition of Mukhadourgandhya.

Acharya Sushruta has explained 21 vartmaroga (eyelid disorders) in Sushruta Samhita. Blepharitis is an eyelid disorder defined as inflammation of lid margins and is common worldwide. It accounts for 45% of all ophthalmic diseases. Blepharitis has two major types anterior and posterior Blepharitis. Seborrheic Blepharitis is a subtype of anterior Blepharitis. In modern sciences, various antibiotic and steroidal ointments are provided as treatment for Blepharitis, which has its limitations and side effects. Bidalaka is a kriyakalpa (Ayurvedic therapy) advised for treating eyelid disorders due to its direct action and longer contact time with targeted tissues. Punarnava is preferred as a drug of choice for bidalaka in treating inflammation, itching, scaling and redness in Blepharitis with its anti-inflammatory, anti-edematic, anti-tumour, anti-allergic, and anti-bacterial properties. A 27-year-old female patient was diagnosed with Seborrheic blepharitis and is treated with Punarnava bidalaka, where the results prove to be significantly influential based on its clinical assessment.

In this present study, 12(twelve) albino rats divided into two groups. Each group consisting of three males and three females. T1 for control group received only liquid paraffin @ 3ml/kg.b.wt. on alternate day for four injections. T2 group treated with carbon tetrachloride @ 1ml/kg.b.wt. following dilution with liquid paraffin at the ratio of 1: 2 i.e. 3ml/kg.b.wt. subcutaneously on alternate day for four injections. T2 group rats showed decreased reduced glutathione(5%), increased lipid peroxidation(60%) and decreased SGOT(62.4%). The pathological changes in the liver tissue showed fally changes, coagulative necrosis, cirrhosis and hyperplasia of bile duct.

We benchmark and improve the independent electron surface-hopping (IESH) method developed by J. C. Tully's group for nonadiabatic simulations near metal surfaces. We have incorporated decoherence within the IESH method as well as implemented a scheme for the accurate calculation of diabatic populations. We benchmark the original IESH method with the above inclusions for a model system to calculate rate constants and long-time populations. The original IESH method fails to capture the detailed balance for some of the parameters, which is corrected with the inclusion of decoherence and accurate calculation of diabatic populations. Total rate constants are well captured both within the original IESH method as well as within our modified IESH.

Global waste is a rising problem that requires attention. Pyrolysis is a process that converts waste into valuable products like biochar, bio-oil, and gas by heating feeds above 300 °C. Pyrolysis studies mostly concentrate on fuel production and characterization, while biochar studies lack parametric analysis, especially for co-pyrolysis. Little attention is given to the effects of blending ratio and particle size on biochar yield. This research focuses on the pyrolysis of biosolids obtained from gas-to-liquid wastewater treatment, waste cardboard, and co-pyrolysis of blended samples. Pyrolysis was performed using a muffled furnace at temperatures ranging from 350–850 °C , heating rates of 3–10 °C /min, and residence times of 30–180 min to examine biochar yield and properties. Particle sizes and blending ratios were also studied. Proximate and ultimate analyses, metal composition, surface area, and surface charge studies were conducted on biochar samples utilizing analytical instruments. Biosolids had the highest yield followed by mixed samples and cardboard for all conditions, with temperature and blending ratio having the greatest impact on yield. Regarding surface area, the maximum was found to be at 650 °C revealing 10.34, 170.4, and 124.8 m2/g for biosolids, cardboard, and mixed samples, respectively. A significant effect with change in blending ratio and a minimal effect by varying particle size was observed on the biochar yield. For future applications, temperatures below 550 °C can be considered in terms of biochar yield, ash, and metal contents; as heating rate and residence time showed minimal effects on yield, lower points are preferred to conserve energy during pyrolysis. Overall, mixing waste improved quality and yield, making it environmentally beneficial for applications. Graphical abstract

Background The present Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) curriculum under Tribhuvan University - Institute of Medicine (TU-IOM) was last revised twelve-years back. Though the curriculum was built upon internationally approved recommendations on curriculum design, it is ineffectively practiced in most medical schools of Nepal with major focus on didactic teaching-learning. The curriculum, hence, needs effective implementation and revision. Objective To identify the strengths, weaknesses, and areas of improvement in the medical curriculum through student-based feedback and outline the possibility of incorporating newer evidence-based teaching-learning methodologies in Nepal. Method This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. With appropriate ethical approval, a questionnaire was developed and disseminated virtually to all medical students of Nepal under TU from MBBS fourth year onwards. The questionnaire comprised of Likert and close-ended questions. The data analysis was followed after receiving the filled questionnaire through Google forms. Result A total of 337 respondents participated in the study. The most effectively implemented components out of the SPICES model were Integrated learning (I) and Community-based learning (C), with 73.89% and 68.84% responses. There were 94.7% (319) students who favored the incorporation of research in the core curriculum. Only 34.2% (115) students found PowerPoint lectures, the most utilized form of teaching-learning in Nepal, as engaging. The respondents (84.6%) showed a high degree of readiness to incorporate newer evidence-based teaching-learning tools such as flipped learning, blended learning, and peer-to-peer learning. Conclusion This study shows that effective interventions must be rethought on various aspects of the curriculum, taking students’ feedback on the table while considering curricular revision.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the association between optical microangiography (OMAG) measurements and progressive ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) loss in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).DESIGN: Prospective case series.METHODS: Sixty-three eyes of 38 patients with POAG were studied for ≥2 years and with ≥ 3 optical coherence tomography examinations. Only those hemifields with mild to moderate functional damage at baseline (106 hemifields) were included in the analysis. OMAG imaging was performed at the baseline visit. The effects of clinical parameters (age, gender, central corneal thickness, presence of disc hemorrhage, and mean and fluctuation of intraocular pressure), baseline mean deviation, retinal nerve fiber layer, and GCIPL thickness and baseline OMAG measurements (peripapillary and macular perfusion density [PD] and vessel density [VD]) on the rate of change of GCIPL thickness were evaluated using linear mixed models.RESULTS: Average (± standard deviation) mean deviation, quadrant retinal nerve fiber layer, and sector GCIPL thickness of the analyzed hemifields respectively at baseline were -5.2 ± 2.8 dB, 94.5 ± 20.0 µm, and 72.4 ± 8.7 µm, respectively. Peripapillary PD and VD in the quadrant were 43.1% ± 7.0% and 17.0 ± 2.6 mm/mm2, respectively. Macular PD and VD in the quadrant were 37.2% ± 6.9% and 15.1 ± 2.6 mm/mm2, respectively. Rate of sector GCIPL change was -0.97 ± 0.15 µm per year. Multivariate mixed models showed that lower peripapillary PD (coefficient 0.04, P = .01) and VD (coefficient 0.09, P = .05) were significantly associated with a faster rate of GCIPL loss.CONCLUSIONS: Lower baseline peripapillary OMAG measurements were significantly associated with a faster rate of GCIPL loss in patients with mild to moderate POAG.

Field experiments were conducted during 2015–16 and 2016–17 on wheat (cv HD2967) in a sandy loam soil at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to study the effect of tillage and irrigation management on radiation use efficiency (RUE) of wheat. The treatments comprising of three levels of tillage as main plot factor (Conventional tillage, Deep tillage and No tillage) and three levels of irrigation as subplot factor (I1: 1 irrigation, I3: 3 Irrigations and I5: 5 Irrigations) were evaluated in a split plot design. The results showed that there was no significant difference among tillage treatments with respect to extinction coefficient. However, pooled data of 2 years, extinction coefficient due to I5 was significantly higher than that of I3 and I1 by 8.8 and 23.8%, respectively, and extinction coefficient due to I3 was significantly higher than I1 by 13.8%. There was no significant difference among the tillage treatments with respect to radiation use efficiency (RUE) of wheat, but RUE increased significantly with increasing irrigation level. RUE of wheat under I5 was significantly higher than that of I1 and I3 treatments but there was no significance difference between I1 and I3 with respect to RUE of wheat in both the years.

Current treatments for xerostomia/dry mouth are palliative and largely ineffective. A permanent clinical resolution is being developed to correct hyposalivation using implanted hydrogel-encapsulated salivary human stem/progenitor cells (hS/PCs) to restore functional salivary components and increase salivary flow. Pluripotent epithelial cell populations derived from hS/PCs, representing a basal stem cell population in tissue, can differentiate along either secretory acinar or fluid-transporting ductal lineages. To develop tissue-engineered salivary gland replacement tissues, it is critical to reliably identify cells in tissue and as they enter these alternative lineages. The secreted protein α-amylase, the transcription factor MIST1, and aquaporin-5 are typical markers for acinar cells, and K19 is the classical ductal marker in salivary tissue. We found that early ductal progenitors derived from hS/PCs do not express K19, and thus earlier markers were needed to distinguish these cells from acinar progenitors. Salivary ductal cells express distinct polarity complex proteins that we hypothesized could serve as lineage biomarkers to distinguish ductal cells from acinar cells in differentiating hS/PC populations. Based on our studies of primary salivary tissue, both parotid and submandibular glands, and differentiating hS/PCs, we conclude that the apical marker MUC1 along with the polarity markers INADL/PATJ and SCRIB reliably can identify ductal cells in salivary glands and in ductal progenitor populations of hS/PCs being used for salivary tissue engineering. Other markers of epithelial maturation, including E-cadherin, ZO-1, and partition complex component PAR3, are present in both ductal and acinar cells, where they can serve as general markers of differentiation but not lineage markers.

The colorful surrounding can be perceived by individual with the help of Chakshurendriya i.e. eye. This sense organ acquires utmost importance as this is one of the vital sense perceptions for human beings. A 36 year old male patient was voluntarily selected for this study. He was diagnosed with Ashopha Akshipaka on the basis of symptoms wise burning sensation, sticky discharge, pricking sensation, heaviness, mild congestion, ocular pain and discomfort in both eyes. Viddha karma (bloodletting) is the only treatment modality selected for this study. Total 3 sittings of Viddhakarma (bloodletting) done consequentially for 3 days. Viddhakarma (bloodletting) done at the points described by Acharya Sushruta in Sushruta Nidana Sthana as Apang (Depression at lateral end of the eye brow), Lalate (on the forehead one and half finger above the eyebrow) and Upanasika (lateral aspect of alla). After first sitting Patient got relief, more than expected. Viddha karma (bloodletting) shows significant result in Ashopha Akshipaka and it helps in reducing the intensity of the symptoms in short period of time without any medicine.

Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) with or without pulmonary atresia is a common indication for Rastelli operation. We very infrequently perform this surgery in our center. Here, we report a case of a ten-year-old girl who recently underwent Rastelli operation and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligation for DORV, pulmonary atresia with ductal dependent pulmonary circulation by using custom-made valved conduit

Introduction: In Indian GDP, veterinary sector plays a major role in contribution wherein poultry meat plays good protein source. But the health status is less studied in case of country fowl. Aims and Objectives: Indian country fowl are highly infected with producing emaciation, reduced growth rate, highly morbidity with enteritis. After confirmation by gross and microscopy, samples undergone histopathology study using Haematoxylin and Eosin stain (H&E). Thereafter, the samples also processed for detection of carbohydrate by McManus method using PAS stain and mucoprotein was detected using congo red method. Results: Adult possesses carbohydrate, protein and fat. Histologically the mature, immature and gravid segments were differentiated whereas the histochemical techniques qualifies the biomacromolecules. The lipid droplet showed a clear vacuole preferably in and around the periphery portion. The glycogen distributed in an even manner. Subsequently, the protein was deposited mostly at the periphery in the body surfaces as well as in the egg. Keywords: Gallus domesticus, Cestode (Raillietina sp.), Bio-macromolecules, Histochemistry, Histopathology.

AimTo compare the repeatability of peripapillary perfusion density and flux index measurements on referenced and non-referenced optical microangiography (OMAG) scans in normal, glaucoma suspect and glaucoma eyes.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, 48 eyes (33 subjects) underwent three repeat, non-referenced peripapillary OMAG scans in the same session and 43 eyes (25 subjects) underwent three referenced peripapillary OMAG scans. In the referenced scan group, repeat scans (second and the third scan) were acquired exactly on the baseline (first) scan using the ‘track to prior scan’ option on the device. Repeatability estimates of the mean and four-sector (temporal, superior, nasal and inferior) OMAG measurements on the non-referenced and referenced scans were assessed using within-subject coefficient of repeatability (CRw) and variation (CVw).ResultsCRw (%) of peripapillary perfusion density measurements (range: 2.0–4.1) on non-referenced scans were significantly higher than that on referenced scans (range: 1.4–2.7). CVw (%) on non-referenced and referenced scans ranged from 1.7 to 3.1 and from 1.2 to 2.1, respectively . CRw of flux index on non-referenced and referenced scans ranged from 4.4 to 5.8 and from 3.6 to 4.8, respectively. CVw on non-referenced and referenced scans ranged from 4.1 to 5.2 and from 3.3 to 4.5, respectively.ConclusionsRepeatability estimates of OMAG measurements were better on referenced scans compared with non-referenced scans. Perfusion density measurements had lower variability than flux index. OCTA-measured perfusion density of referenced scans is preferable for monitoring vascular change in glaucoma.