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A carbon-based material with a broad scope of favourable developments is called graphene. Recently, a graphene nanoribbon with cove-edged was integrated by utilizing a bottom-up liquid-phase procedure, and it can be geometrically viewed as a hybrid of the armchair and the zigzag edges. It is indeed a type of nanoribbon containing asymmetric edges made up of sequential hexagons with impressive mechanical and electrical characteristics. Topological indices are numerical values associated with the structure of a chemical graph and are used to predict various physical, chemical, and biological properties of molecules. They are derived from the graph representation of molecules, where atoms are represented as vertices and bonds as edges. In this article, we derived the exact topological expressions of cove-edged graphene nanoribbons based on the graph-theoretical structural measures that help reduce the number of repetitive laboratory tasks necessary for studying the physicochemical characteristics of graphene nanoribbons with curved edges.

Introduction. The major source of energy for a long time has been fossil fuels, however this has its drawbacks because of their scarcity, exhaustibility, and impossibility of reusing them. Presently, a shunt active harmonic filter-equipped two-stage solar photovoltaic system is showing off its performance shunt active harmonic filter. The global power system has been impacted by current harmonics during the most modern industrial revolution. Novelty. The proposed work is innovative, by adopting the hysteresis modulation mode with Z-source inverter to enhance the performance of the system. Furthermore, the shunt active harmonic filter also get assists in this system for better improvement in the quality of power. Purpose. By incorporating an impedance source inverter and a photovoltaic shunt active harmonic filter methods, harmonic issues are mitigated. Methods. Load compensation is one of the services that the shunt active harmonic filter offers, in addition to harmonic compensation, power factor correction, and many other functions. The current pulse width modulation voltage source inverter method is more expensive, requires two converters owing to its two-stage conversion, has significant switching losses, and has a low rate of the reaction. The new model, in which the voltage source inverter is substituted out for a Z-source inverter converter, has been developed in order to address the problems of the existing system. Results. Rather than using a hybrid of DC-DC and DC-AC converters, the suggested system uses a shunt active harmonic filter that is powered by a photovoltaic source using a Z-source inverter. Utilizing Z-source inverter helps to address the present issues with conventional configurations. Practical value. By using software MATLAB/Simulink, this photovoltaic shunt active harmonic filter technique is analyzed. Shunt active harmonic filter, which produces compensatory current from the reference current obtained as from main supply, is powered by the photovoltaic array.

The present study was aimed to green synthesize of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) using flower extract of Musa acuminata and examination of their antibacterial and photocatalytic activities. The synthesized NPs were investigated using UV-visible spectroscopy, which exhibited a colour change pattern, and the maximum absorption peak at 265 nm confirmed the formation of α-Fe2O3 NPs. The FTIR analysis showed the presence of various functional groups coated over the synthesized α-Fe2O3 NPs. The XRD pattern showed that the formation of rhombohedral structure with an average crystallite size was 21.86 nm. FESEM micrographs revealed that α-Fe2O3 NPs were roughly spherical in shape. EDX spectrum confirmed the presence of Fe and O elements. By TEM analysis, the average particle size was calculated to be 32 nm. Using the well diffusion method, the antibacterial activity of α-Fe2O3 NPs was tested against both gram positive and negative bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The NPs exhibited good antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria. Finally, the synthesized α-Fe2O3 NPs demonstrated the photocatalytic degradation of Crystal Violet (CV) dye under sunlight. The efficiency of degradation within 150 min was determined to be 90.27% for CV. This effective removal method under sunlight may support a cost-effective method for degradation of CV dyes from wastewater.

Objectives: Skin performs specific functions in the human body, particularly in the prevention of skin infections. Skin diseases are the fourth most common disease worldwide. Materials and Methods: The dead keratin tissue was collected from people with skin diseases in order to identify new drug candidates from traditional plants through antimicrobial exploration with B. racemosa bark extracts. The sample taken contained eight strains of fungi, which were then treated with the plant extracts. At present, the computational research was used to identify the fungicidal compound from this plant. Results: The methanol extracts show robust inhibition zones for A. niger, A. fumigatus, M. gypseum, B. dermatitis and it also reveals significant inhibition zones for C. albicans and C. berthlotiae. Among the extracts tested, extracts formulated with methanol suppressed the growth of the pathogens tested at doses of 25, 50, 75, and 100??L. For the first time, the bark extracts of B. racemosa were tested against the causative agents of skin diseases. Conclusion: According to the present docking analysis, racemosol and pacharin represent to have the highest drug potential against tested microbial proteins. This study therefore suggests that the phytocomponents such as pacharin and racemosol may act as antibiotics in suppressing microbial growth, particularly A. fumigatus and C. albicans. According to in-silico research, we conclude that due to the existence of these metabolites, racemosol may have been exposed to antifungal effects, as these molecules can either suppress microbial growth directly or have a synergistic effect with other phyto components. Ultimately, this research would be a guide for future researchers to understand the potential of this plant and its phytochemicals.

Silk protein, sericin was isolated from raw silk fabrication in reeling industry and subsequent process of silk throwing. The majority of it is thrown in the waste water from silk manufacturing. Sericin was used in antibacterial, antioxidant, wound healing, moisturising, and antiaging medications and cosmetics. Limited reports on the use of sericin in the treatment of diabetes prompted the current study on the use of sericin in the control of diabetes in rats. Thus, the present study was aimed to investigate the antihyperglycemic activity of sericin protein using rat model. The results indicated that sericin treated groups showed a noteworthy augment in body weight than the standard drug (Metformin) treatment with diabetic control. Sericin @ 400mg/kg showed 152.6 mg/dl and 141.2 mg/dl on 7th and 21st day of treatment. Similarly, Sericin @ 800mg/kg showed 126.0 mg/dl and 114.0 mg/dl on 7th and 21st day of treatment when compared to control (206.0 mg/dl and 203.6 mg/dl). SGOT of 68.4 and 50.0 units per litre of serum was observed in sericin @ 400 mg/kg and 800mg/kg treated rats when compared to control 138.6 units. SGPT 0f 26.0 and 21.6 units per litre of serum was observed in sericin @ 400 mg/kg and 800mg/kg treated rats when compared to control (75.0 units). Triglycerides of 96.4 and 81. 4 units were observed in sericin @ 400 mg/kg and 800mg/kg treated rats when compared to control (152.8 units).

Cycloarene molecules are benzene-ring-based polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that have been fused in a circular manner and are surrounded by carbon–hydrogen bonds that point inward. Due to their magnetic, geometric, and electronic characteristics and superaromaticity, these polycyclic aromatics have received attention in a number of studies. The kekulene molecule is a cyclically organized benzene ring in the shape of a doughnut and is the very first example of such a conjugated macrocyclic compound. Due to its structural characteristics and molecular characterizations, it serves as a great model for theoretical research involving the investigation of π electron conjugation circuits. Therefore, in order to unravel their novel electrical and molecular characteristics and foresee potential applications, the characterization of such components is crucial. In our current research, we describe two unique series of enormous polycyclic molecules made from the extensively studied base kekulene molecule, utilizing the essential graph-theoretical tools to identify their structural characterization via topological quantities. Rectangular kekulene Type-I and rectangular kekulene Type-II structures were obtained from base kekulene molecules arranged in a rectangular fashion. We also employ two subcases for each Type and, for all of these, we derived ten topological indices. We can investigate the physiochemical characteristics of rectangular kekulenes using these topological indices.

Abstract Cycloparaphenylene is a particle that comprises a few benzene rings associated with covalent bonds in the para positions to frame a ring-like structure. Similarly, poly (para-phenylenes) are macromolecules that include benzenoid compounds straightforwardly joined to each other by C–C bonds. Because of their remarkable architectural highlights, these structures have fascinated attention from numerous vantage focuses. Descriptors are among the most fundamental segments of prescient quantitative structure-activity and property relationship (QSAR/QSPR) demonstrating examination. They encode chemical data of particles as quantitative numbers, which are utilized to create a mathematical correlation. The nature of a predictive model relies upon great demonstrating insights, yet additionally on the extraction of compound highlights. To a great extent, Molecular topology has exhibited its adequacy in portraying sub-atomic structures and anticipating their properties. It follows a two-dimensional methodology, just thinking about the interior plan, including molecules. Explicit subsets speak the design of every atom of topological descriptors. When all around picked, these descriptors give a unique method of describing an atomic system that can represent the most significant highlights of the molecular structure. Detour index is one such topological descriptor with much application in chemistry, especially in QSAR/QSPR studies. This article presents an exact analytical expression for the detour index of cycloparaphenylene and poly (para-phenylene).

Abstract Background Bauhinia racemosa is not familiarly known in Asian countries due to its limited existence and lack of medicinal information. It is commonly used as a medicine, ornamental plant, fence plant, and fodder for livestock since ancient times. It is also used as a landfill tree to avoid soil erosion of the forest. Main body In South India, people cultivate this plant in their premises in order to protect themselves from the effects of thunder. In this review, the various research prospects of this plant have been analyzed and are summarized. The aim of this review is to provide the traditional uses, phytochemicals and pharmacological activities of B. racemosa, and to highlight the current pharmacological developments of this medicinal plant. Conclusions The B. racemosa has immense therapeutic potential for treating diseases with both traditional and pharmacological applications. But many traditional uses of B. racemosa have not been validated by current investigations in the aspects of pharmaceutical. Until now, research on phyto-constituents from B. racemosa has not been done in an extensive way. Hence, the identified phytochemicals of B. racemosa should also be subjected to pharmacological studies to illuminate the biological mechanisms of these unreported secondary metabolites for the prevention of diseases or microbial infections and other health disorders of human and animal races.

Conventional Railway concrete sleepers are manufactured using steel pre-stressed strands upto pre-determined stress level surrounded by well compacted controlled concrete. The concrete used in manufacturing of railway sleepers is made up of 53 grade ordinary Portland cement with natural aggregates. Though, experiments have been conducted worldwide with various unorthodoxical constituent materials, the standardization of such non-conventional materials used for concrete sleeper manufacturing on Indian Railways (IR) is yet to be established. The pretensioned prestressed concrete (PSC) sleepers for Broad Gauge (BG) should pass the specified acceptance criteria T 39-85 of 2011 as per the Indian Railway Standard specification issued by Research Design Standard Organisation (RDSO).Abundantly available industrial wastes, such as Fly ash and other supplementary cementitious materials viz., ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), metakaoline (MK), silica fume (SF) have been found, through experimental investigations which improves some of the characteristic strengths of concrete. Utilising these materials in railway sleepers manufacturing process contributes carbon foot print (CFP) mitigation on one hand, the growing concerns of waste disposal and management are also addressed concurrently. The findings of current experimental studies indicate, the PSC sleeper manufactured with ternary blended concrete (TBC) of different percentage level of replacement of cement along with partial replacement of natural coarse aggregate, exhibit good strength characteristics. These sleeper specimens qualify the specified standard bending test (SBT) for sleepers namely moment of resistance (MR), whereas failing moment of failure (MF) at failure loads at rail seats criteria only.The experimental findings hold promise to conduct further studies with lesser percentage levels of sintered fly ash coarse aggregate i.e., standalone 40% in the current study. From application stand point, the manufactured TBC- PSC can be used in loop lines, berthing tracks and non-passenger freight-oriented lines, major shunting yards.

Abstract Background The tomato pinworm Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the key pests of tomato worldwide, causing an estimated crop loss of 80 to 100%. This pest has developed resistance to several pesticides due to overuse, resulting in control failures in the field. The use of biological insecticides as Bacillus thuringiensis that expressed insecticidal proteins can be an alternative tool by insecticides to suppress the pest population. Main body Laboratory study investigated the efficacy of standard Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains (4D1, 4D4, 4G1, 4K5 and 4XX4) against T. absoluta. Bioassay was conducted using tomato leaf discs treated with spore crystal lysates prepared from the standard strains, and mortality data was subjected to concentration-mortality probit analysis. The LC50 values for Bt 4D1, Bt 4D4 and Bt 4G1 were 6.10, 6.62 and 8.18 μg/ml for the 2nd instar; 9.90, 10.20 and 11.12 μg/ml for the 3rd instar; and 19.82, 23.16 and 24.54 μg/ml for the 4th instar, respectively, while the Bt 4K5 and Bt 4XX4 were not toxic to T. absoluta. Conclusion This study suggests that Bt strain 4D1 is effective against different larval instars of the pest and can be used in its management.

AA6262 and AA5456 alloys are welded through friction stir weld (FSW) with process parameters of tool speed of 1200 rpm, welding speed of 25 mm/min, and tool angle of 3 degree. A cylindrical shape HSS-13 tool is used to perform the welding process To improve mechanical properties of tensile strength (TS), yield strength (YS), elongation%, hardness, and wear behavior, postweld heat treatment was conducted on the FSW sample at different temperatures from 300°C to 500°C. The influence of heat treatment (HT) changes the material characteristics. It is observed that the maximum TS (209 MPa) and YS (178 MPa) are identified when maintaining temperature 350°C on the FSW sample. The reduction in elongation of as-welded joints is entirely improved by HT, and the elongation percentage is almost increased to 5% when increasing temperature on the heat treatment process, and hardness test results exhibited that the increased hardness value (120Hv) is found at HT-300°C nugget zone distance of 0 to 5 mm range.

The present study is aimed to synthesize nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) by using medicinal flower extract of Clitoria ternatea and examine its antibacterial and photocatalytic dye degradation activities. The synthesized NPs were investigated using UV–visible spectroscopy wherein they exhibited a color change pattern and confirmed their maximum absorption peak at 280 nm, which is distinct for NiO NPs. The FTIR analysis showed the presence of various functional groups in the flower extract as well as on the NiO NPs. XRD studies revealed the high crystalline nature of NiO NPs with 9.6 nm average size. The TEM micrograph shows hexagonal shape of the NPs that are non-agglomerated with a particle size of 13 nm. The composition of nickel and oxygen elements was confirmed through EDX studies. Using the well diffusion method, the antibacterial activity of NiO NPs was tested against both gram positive and gram-negative bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Additionally, photocatalytic degradation of Fast Green (FG) and Rose Bengal (RB) dye molecules were performed by using NiO NPs. Based on the obtained results, we confirmed that NiO NPs degrade FG by 89 % and RB by 77 % in the presence of sun light.

The present work focusses on improving the mechanical and tribological properties of Al-5Si-3Cu alloy and Ni-coated TiC reinforced composite fabricated through liquid metallurgy route, through T6 heat treatment. Good interfacial bonding was developed between the matrix and coated reinforcement on microstructural investigation. There was an improvement in hardness for heat-treated alloy and composite by 34.5% and 14.7% respectively. Tensile strength for heat-treated alloy and composite was enhanced by 25.9% and 30.6% respectively. Pin on disc dry sliding wear test was carried out for Ni-coated TiC heat-treated composite for varying loads (10, 20, 30N), distances (500, 1000, 1500m) and velocities (1, 2, 3m/s) by using Taguchi's L27 Orthogonal Array. It was concluded that load had the highest influence on wear rate (71.88%), whereas the effects of sliding distance (8.23%) and velocity (3.45%) were nominal. Wear analysis revealed that, wear rate increased with an increase in load and sliding velocity and decreased with increasing sliding distance. Defects like delamination, grooving, and protrusions were observed on the worn surface. Thus, this kind of Ni-coated TiC reinforced composites can be used in camshafts, bearings and bushes for better wear resistance.

Abstract The tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Gelechiidae: Lepidoptera), is an introduced serious pest of tomato in India. Management of this insect pest mainly relies on insecticides because of its high infestation levels on all plant parts and life stages of tomato crop. This laboratory study investigated the efficacy of Cry1Ac protein of Bacillus thuringiensis against T. absoluta. The LC50 and LC95 values for 2nd, 3rd, and 4th larval instars were 0.12, 0.27, and 0.43 μg/ml and 0.63, 0.71, and 2.64 μg/ml, respectively. Experimental results showed that Cry1Ac is effective against different larval instars of tomato pinworm.

Objective: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is quickly countered by the host immune system; but, the pathogen is never eradicated. In this infection, 10% of infections are considered as open tuberculosis, while the remaining 90% are becoming latent, a state that can persist in the host for decades until immune control is lost. To date, more than 350 plant species have been studied in mycobacterial research. Methods: In this research, we used a mixture of software and database explorations to find the anti-mycobacterial possibilities of phytoconstituents. Maestro v12.7 and Cytoscape v3.8.0 were applied as software. In addition, the String v11.0, KEGG, Reactome and Pass Server databases assisted us in understanding TB cellular processes and phytoconstituent drug possibilities. Results: The racemosol and pacharin have registered higher docking scores of 7.823 and -7.715 respectively. Furthermore, these compounds have substantial binding affinities in the active pocket of Mtb, and their docking metrics have consisted close to that of an approved drug (Rifampin). The network pharmacological exploration is also revealed possible connections with all of the TB-associated genes and other important signaling pathways. Conclusions: This computational study found that racemosol and pacharin were the safest anti-mycobacterial drugs for tuberculosis. Following comprehensive research of the pharmacological properties of racemosol and pacharin, we decided that this would be the first study to focus on anti-mycobacterial activity utilizing those compounds. Also, we believe that racemsosol and pacharin compounds will reveal potential actions when used in mycobacterial research. Furthermore, the derivatives of these compounds will be acted as possible drugs for tuberculosis and associated diseases. More pharmacological and toxicological explorations are required to have a better understanding of these compounds.

Abstract Background Dyslipidemia is one of the most frequently implicated risk factors for development of atherosclerosis. This study evaluated the efficacy of amla (Emblica officinalis) extract (composed of polyphenols, triterpenoids, oils etc. as found in the fresh wild amla fruit) in patients with dyslipidemia. Methods A total of 98 dyslipidemic patients were enrolled and divided into amla and placebo groups. Amla extract (500 mg) or a matching placebo capsule was administered twice daily for 12 weeks to the respective group of patients. The patients were followed up for 12 weeks and efficacy of study medication was assessed by analyzing lipid profile. Other parameters evaluated were apolipoprotein B (Apo B), apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1), Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), homocysteine and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Results In 12 weeks, the major lipids such as total cholesterol (TC) (p = 0.0003), triglyceride (TG) (p = 0.0003), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p = 0.0064) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) (p = 0.0001) were significantly lower in amla group as compared to placebo group. Additionally, a 39% reduction in atherogenic index of the plasma (AIP) (p = 0.0177) was also noted in amla group. The ratio of Apo B to Apo A1 was reduced more (p = 0.0866) in the amla group as compared to the placebo. There was no significant change in CoQ10 level of amla (p = 0.2942) or placebo groups (p = 0.6744). Although there was a general trend of FBS reduction, the numbers of participants who may be classified as pre-diabetes and diabetes groups (FBS > 100 mg/dl) in the amla group were only 8. These results show that the amla extract used in the study is potentially a hypoglycaemic as well. However, this needs reconfirmation in a larger study. Conclusions The Amla extract has shown significant potential in reducing TC and TG levels as well as lipid ratios, AIP and apoB/apo A-I in dyslipidemic persons and thus has scope to treat general as well as diabetic dyslipidemia. A single agent to reduce cholesterol as well as TG is rare. Cholesterol reduction is achieved without concomitant reduction of Co Q10, in contrast to what is observed with statins. Trial registration Registered with Clinical Trials Registry- India at www.ctri.nic.in (Registration number: CTRI/2015/04/005682) on 8 April 2015 (retrospectively registered).

Gynaecological disorder is one of the most severe conditions under reproductive health. So we investigate and collect information from traditional practitioners on the use of medicinal plants for treatment of Gynaecological disorder in Vedaranyam taluk, Nagappattinam district of South India. The field study was carried out for a period of January 2014–January 2015 in Vedaranyam taluk, Nagappattinam district of South India. This is the first traditional medicine study in which statistical calculations about plants are done by RFC, CI, UV and ICF in the study area. The ethnomedicinal information was collected through interviews, informal meetings, open and group discussions and overt observations with semi-structured questionnaires among traditional practitioners. A total of 66 species of plants distributed in 62 genera belonging to 44 families were identified as commonly used ethno medicinal plants by traditional practitioners in Vedaranyam taluk for the treatment of 36 ailments based on the reproductive systems treated. Leaves were the most frequently used plant parts and most of the medicines were prepared in the form of paste and administrated orally. We know the most important species according to their use value such as Moringa oleifera, Smailax zeylanica and Achyranthes aspera were recorded. The present study, we have highlighted some claims which are high use in the study area. Further pharmacological studies of these plants may provide some important drugs for the treatment of common gynaecological disorders. Keywords: Medicinal plants, Gynaecology, Traditional practitioners, RFC, CI, UV, ICF, South India

Parkinson's disease (PD) is caused by human physiological function and is ranked as the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. One of the prominent therapies currently available for PD is the use of dopamine agonists which mimic the natural action of dopamine in the brain and stimulate dopamine receptors directly. Currently, available pharmaceutical drugs provide only temporary relief of the disease. Phytocompounds have been identified as promising target of research in the quest for new pharmaceutical compounds as they can produce secondary metabolites with novel chemical structure. In this review the drug development of Parkinson disease has been analyzed using computational tools. Keywords: Parkinson disease, Phytocompounds, Computational methods, Drug development and design

Catecholamines are organic compounds derived from amino acids tyrosine and phenylalanine, which acts as neurotransmitters and also functions as hormones in the blood circulation. They bind to plasma proteins and circulate in the blood stream. High levels of catecholamines will cause increase in the heart rate, blood pressure and blood glucose level. These effects are due to binding of catecholamines with adrenergic receptors. Therefore the objective of the current research work is to know the binding affinity of catecholamines with adrenergic receptors through in silico approach. For this study, four catecholamines and three adrenergic receptors were selected for binding analysis. The three natural catecholamines are epinephrine, nor-epinephrine, dopamine and a synthetic catecholamine is Isoproterenol. The three selected receptors are 1GQ4, 3D4S and 1BAK. Binding effect of the four neurotransmitters with the three receptors was studied through in silico analysis using softwares. PATCH DOCK and Z DOCK online servers were used to analyze the docking scores and internal energy was observed by Accelrys Discovery studio. From this study the synthetic catecholamine Isoproterenol showed maximum binding score with all three adrenergic receptors comparing to 3 natural catecholamines. The internal energy of Isoproterenol was found to be 35.18127 kJ/mol. Therefore the study concludes the synthetic catecholamine Isoproterenol has more binding affinity towards beta adrenergic receptors comparing to natural catecholamines. Hence, the current study suggests the usage of synthetic catecholamines will have more binding affinity with adrenergic receptors which could be further analyzed using in vivo study as a future work.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease affecting many parts of the body. A number of oral diseases have been associated with diabetes mellitus with an increased risk of dental caries and periodontal disease. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the salivary pH and incidence of dental caries and periodontal status in diabetes mellitus compared to that of the normal subjects. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of 40 patients divided into 2 groups with group I comprising of 20 known diabetes mellitus patients and group II comprising of 20 non diabetic subjects as control group. The pH of the saliva was determined using a digital pH meter. Dental caries and periodontal status were assessed by DMFT and PDI indices respectively. Results: There was a decrease in the mean salivary pH of 6.51 in the study group, compared to the normal mean salivary pH of 7.88 in the control group. The mean DMFT index was higher in the study group (8.10) when compared to that of control group (1.15). The mean PDI score was also higher in the study group (4.0) as compared to that of the control group (0.45). Conclusion: The results of the present study concluded that there was a significant relationship between the diabetes mellitus and increased incidence of dental caries and periodontitis and there was also a significant reduction in the salivary pH in diabetes mellitus patients, compared to that of non diabetic subjects.

Carbon nanotube (CNT) mixed grinding wheel has been used in the electrolytic in-process dressing (ELID) grinding process to analyze the surface characteristics of AISI D2 Tool steel material. CNT grinding wheel is having an excellent thermal conductivity and good mechanical property which is used to improve the surface finish of the work piece. The multiobjective optimization of grey relational analysis coupled with principal component analysis has been used to optimize the process parameters of ELID grinding process. Based on the Taguchi design of experiments, an L9 orthogonal array table was chosen for the experiments. The confirmation experiment verifies the proposed that grey-based Taguchi method has the ability to find out the optimal process parameters with multiple quality characteristics of surface roughness and metal removal rate. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been used to verify and validate the model. Empirical model for the prediction of output parameters has been developed using regression analysis and the results were compared for with and without using CNT grinding wheel in ELID grinding process.

The paper investigates the exceptional antiwear and extreme pressure properties of multiwalled carbon nanotube based mineral oil. Different samples of oil containing varying proportions of MWNT (MWNT) and graphite were prepared. The samples were tested for their antiwear and load bearing capacity according to ASTM G99 and ASTM D-2783 standards. After pass load test in four ball tester the rubbed surfaces were investigated with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images. The wear test results show a decrease wear by 70–75% in case of multiwalled nanotube based mineral oil as compared with pure mineral oil. Furthermore, it has been observed that the load bearing capacity in case of multiwalled carbon nanotube based mineral oil increases by 20% as compared to pure mineral oil. A comparison in the antiwear and load bearing capacity properties of graphite and nanotube based mineral oil was studied which showed the inefficiency of graphite based lubricant over MWNT based oil. Thus, the finding would be helpful in developing new nanoparticle based lubricants.