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3. From the Battlefield to the Stage : The Many Lives of General John Burgoyne

Author

Norman S. Poser and Norman S. Poser

Subjects
Saratoga Campaign, N.Y., 1777, Dramatists, English--Biography, Generals--Great Britain--Biography
Abstract

Known today chiefly for his surrender to the American forces at Saratoga, New York, in 1777, General John Burgoyne was one of the most interesting – and extraordinary – figures of the eighteenth century.In From the Battlefield to the Stage Norman Poser provides a rounded biography, covering not only the Saratoga campaign but also elements of Burgoyne's eventful life that have never been adequately explored. At the age of twenty-eight, Burgoyne eloped with Charlotte Stanley, the daughter of the immensely wealthy and influential Earl of Derby. Though initially furious, the earl, convinced of the young officer's good character, eventually forgave the couple, and the Stanley family became a major influence in Burgoyne's life and career. He was a socialite, welcome in London's fashionable drawing rooms, a high-stakes gambler in its elite clubs, and a playwright whose social comedies were successfully performed on the London stage. As a member of Parliament for thirty years, Burgoyne supported the rule of law, fought the corruption of the East India Company, and advocated religious tolerance.From the Battlefield to the Stage paints a vivid portrait of General John Burgoyne, remembering him not only for his role in one of Britain's worst military disasters but also as a brave, talented, humane man.

Published
2022

4. Neuraxial analgesia is not associated with an increased risk of post-partum relapses in MS

Author

Caroline Lavie, Fabien Rollot, Françoise Durand-Dubief, Romain Marignier, Iuliana Ionescu, Romain Casey, Thibault Moreau, Patricia Tourniaire, Michael Hutchinson, Marie Béatrice D’Hooghe, David-Axel Laplaud, Pierre Clavelou, Jérôme De Sèze, Marc Debouverie, David Brassat, Jean Pelletier, Christine Lebrun-Frenay, Emmanuelle Le Page, Giovanni Castelnovo, Eric Berger, Patrick Hautecoeur, Olivier Heinzlef, Luca Durelli, Marinella Clerico, Maria Trojano, Francesco Patti, Sandra Vukusic, A. Alpérovitch, H. Carton, M.B. d’Hooghe, O. Hommes, M. Hutchinson, P. Adeleine, A. Biron, P. Cortinovis-Tourniaire, J. Grimaud, M. Hours, T. Moreau, S. Vukusic, C. Confavreux, G. Chauplannaz, D. Latombe, M. Clanet, G. Lau, L. Rumbach, J.Y. Goas, F. Rouhart, A. Mazingue, E. Roullet, M. Madigand, P. Hautecoeur, P. Brunet, G. Edan, C. Allaire, G. Riffault, J. Leche, T. Benoit, C. Simonin, F. Ziegler, J.C. Baron, Y. Rivrain, R. Dumas, D. Loche, J.C. Bourrin, B. Huttin, B. Delisse, I. Gibert, C. Boulay, M. Verceletto, G. Durand, G. Bonneviot, R. Gil, M.A. Hedreville, C. Belair, R.J. Poitevin, J.L. Devoize, P. Wyremblewski, F. Delestre, A. Setiey, G. Comi, M. Filippi, A. Ghezzi, V. Martinelli, P. Rossi, M. Zaffaroni, M.R. Tola, M.P. Amato, C. Fioretti, G. Meucci, M. Inglese, G.L. Mancardi, D. Gambi, A. Thomas, M. Cavazzuti, A. Citterio, A. Heltberg, H.J. Hansen, O. Fernandez, F. Romero, T. Arbizu, J.J. Hernandez, C. De Andres de Frutos, D. Geffner Sclarky, Y. Aladro Benito, P. Reyes Yanes, M Aguilar, J.A. Burguera, R. Yaya, W. Bonakim Dib, D. Arzua-Mouronte, C.J.M. Sindic, R. Medaer, H. Roose, K.M.J. Geens, D. Guillaume, M. Van Zandycke, J. Janssens, M. Cornette, L. Mol, F. Weilbach, P. Flachenecker, H.P. Hartung, J. Haas, I. Tendolkar, E. Sindrn, H.W. Kölmel, D. Reichel, M. Rauch, S. Preuss, S. Poser, E. Mauch, S. Strausser-Fuchs, H. Kolleger, S. Hawkins, S.J.L. Howell, J.E. Rees, A. Thompson, M. Johnson, M. Boggild, R.P. Gregory, D. Bates, I. Bone, C. Polman, S. Frequin, P. Jongen, J. Correia de Sa, M.E. Rio, S. Huber, J. Lechner-Scott, L. Kappos, I. Ionescu, C. Cornu, M. El-Etr, E.E. Baulieu, M Schumacher, D.H. Miller, M. Pugeat, C. d’Archangues, J. Conard, J. Ménard, R. Sitruk-Ware, C. Pelissier, S. Dat, J. Belaïsch-Allard, N. Athéa, D. Büschsenschutz, O. Lyon-Caen, R. Gonsette, J.P. Boissel, P. Ffrench, F. Durand-Dubief, F. Cotton, C. Pachai, L. Bracoud, G. Androdias, R. Marignier, D.A. Laplaud, S. Wiertlewski, C. Lanctin-Garcia, G. Couvreur, G. Madinier, P. Clavelou, F. Taithe, D. Aufauvre, N. Guy, A. Ferrier, J. De Sèze, N. Collongues, M. Debouverie, F. Viala, D. Brassat, A. Gerdelat-Mas, P. Henry, J. Pelletier, A. Rico-Lamy, C. Lebrun-Frenay, E. Lepage, V. Deburghraeve, G. Castelnovo, E. Berger, M. Blondiau, O. Heinzlef, M. Coustans, C. Clerc, L. Rieu, M. Lauxerois, G. Hinzelin, J.C. Ouallet, D. Minier, P. Vion, N. Gromaire-Fayolle, N. Derache, E. Thouvenot, M. Sallansonnet-Froment, P. Tourniaire, L. Toureille, F. Borgel, B. Stankoff, C. Moroianu, A.M. Guennoc, C.L. Tournier-Gervason, S. Peysson, M. Trojano, F. Patti, E. D’Amico, L. Motti, L. Durelli, A. Tavella, Hôpital neurologique et neurochirurgical Pierre Wertheimer [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Observatoire Français de la Sclérose En Plaques [Lyon] (OFSEP), Service de neurologie fonctionnelle et d'épileptologie [Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer-HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Neurologie générale, vasculaire et dégénérative (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Henri Duffaut (Avignon), National MS Center Melsbroek, Vrije Universiteit Brussel [Bruxelles] (VUB), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (U1064 Inserm - CRTI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Service de Neurologie [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Estaing [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Neuro-Dol (Neuro-Dol), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie in Vivo (LNV), CHU Strasbourg-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Service de neurologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Maladies chroniques, santé perçue, et processus d'adaptation (APEMAC), Université de Lorraine (UL), Neurologie vasculaire, pathologie neuro-dégénérative et explorations fonctionnelles du système nerveux [Toulouse], Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de résonance magnétique biologique et médicale (CRMBM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Service de Neurologie [CHRU Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Groupe Hospitalier de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), Université catholique de Lille (UCL), centre hospitalier intercommunal de Poissy/Saint-Germain-en-Laye - CHIPS [Poissy], Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), University of Catania [Italy], Hospices Civils de Lyon, Departement de Neurologie (HCL), Biostatistiques santé, Département biostatistiques et modélisation pour la santé et l'environnement [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Protéines membranaires transductrices d'énergie (PMTE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV ), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Environnement Ville Société (EVS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Solvay (France), Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transfert en Géologie (LMTG), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, Service de Génétique Médicale [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Différenciation, interaction, activation et migration des sous-populations lymphocitaires humaines, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé (CREATIS), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique D'Orsay (LCPO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), RMN et optique : De la mesure au biomarqueur, Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Department of Neurology, CHU Lyon, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Hôpital de Hautepierre [Strasbourg], Laboratoire de Réactivité des Surfaces et des Interfaces (LRSI), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Empenn, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-SIGNAUX ET IMAGES NUMÉRIQUES, ROBOTIQUE (IRISA-D5), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Service de Neurologie [Rennes] = Neurology [Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Biologie des Interactions Neurones / Glie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Fondation pour l'Aide à la Recherche sur la Sclérose en Plaques, European Leukodystrophies Association, PHRC National, Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Pierre Wertheimer, Département de Neurologie, Laboratoire de Mathématiques (LAMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nottingham Scientific Limited, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de neurologie [Rennes], Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Turin, Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Department of Neurosciences, Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Neuroépidémiologie, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lavie, Caroline, Rollot, Fabien, Durand-Dubief, Françoise, Marignier, Romain, Ionescu, Iuliana, Casey, Romain, Moreau, Thibault, Tourniaire, Patricia, Hutchinson, Michael, D’Hooghe, Marie Béatrice, Laplaud, David-Axel, Clavelou, Pierre, De Sèze, Jérôme, Debouverie, Marc, Brassat, David, Pelletier, Jean, Lebrun-Frenay, Christine, Le Page, Emmanuelle, Castelnovo, Giovanni, Berger, Eric, Hautecoeur, Patrick, Heinzlef, Olivier, Durelli, Luca, Clerico, Marinella, Trojano, Maria, Patti, Francesco, Vukusic, Sandra, on behalf of PRIMS and POPARTMUS, Investigator, Filippi, Massimo, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre hospitalier intercommunal de Poissy/Saint-Germain-en-Laye - CHIPS [Poissy], Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Neuroimagerie: méthodes et applications (Empenn), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance, Université de Nantes (UN), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris- Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Strasbourg (CHU de Strasbourg ), CEA-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire (CEA-DEN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire (CEA-DEN), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nîmes (CHRU Nîmes), Service de neurologie [Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon)-Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service de Neurologie [CHU Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon), Service de Neurologie [Rennes], Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Clinical sciences, Neuroprotection & Neuromodulation, and Neurology

Subjects
relapses, Neurology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Pregnancy Complications / physiopathology, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Pregnancy, Anesthesia, Conduction, Recurrence, MESH: Anesthesia, Conduction / adverse effects, 030212 general & internal medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, reproductive and urinary physiology, relapse, Postpartum Period, post-partum, MESH: Follow-Up Studies, MESH: Multiple Sclerosis / physiopathology, Obstetrical Analgesia, MESH: Multiple Sclerosis / chemically induced, Anesthesia, Female, pregnancy, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Clinical Neurology, Multiple sclerosis, MESH: Postpartum Period, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, Multiple sclerosi, Post partum, Retrospective Studies, Pregnancy, MESH: Humans, MESH: Pregnancy Complications / chemically induced, business.industry, Neurotoxicity, MESH: Adult, MESH: Retrospective Studies, neuraxial analgesia, medicine.disease, MESH: Recurrence, Multiple sclerosis, neuraxial analgesia, post-partum, pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Increased risk, Neurology (clinical), [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Background: Obstetrical analgesia remains a matter of controversy because of the fear of neurotoxicity of local anesthetics on demyelinated fibers or their potential relationship with subsequent relapses. Objective: To assess the impact of neuraxial analgesia on the risk of relapse during the first 3 months post-partum, with a focus on women who experienced relapses during pregnancy. Methods: We analyzed data of women followed-up prospectively during their pregnancies and at least 3 months post-partum, collected in the Pregnancy in Multiple Sclerosis (PRIMS) and Prevention of Post-Partum Relapses with Progestin and Estradiol in Multiple Sclerosis (POPARTMUS) studies between 1992–1995 and 2005–2012, respectively. The association of neuraxial analgesia with the occurrence of a post-partum relapse was estimated by logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 389 women were included, 215 from PRIMS and 174 from POPARTMUS. In total, 156 women (40%) had neuraxial analgesia. Overall, 24% experienced a relapse during pregnancy and 25% in the 3 months post-partum. Women with a pregnancy relapse were more likely to have a post-partum relapse (odds ratio (OR) = 1.83, p = 0.02), independently of the use of neuraxial analgesia. There was no association between neuraxial analgesia and post-partum relapse (OR = 1.08, p = 0.78). Conclusion: Neuraxial analgesia was not associated with an increased risk of post-partum relapses, whatever multiple sclerosis (MS) activity during pregnancy.

Published
2019
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5. The Birth of Modern Theatre : Rivalry, Riots, and Romance in the Age of Garrick

Author

Norman S. Poser and Norman S. Poser

Subjects
Theater--England--London--History--18th century
Abstract

The Birth of Modern Theatre: Rivalry, Riots, and Romance in the Age of Garrick is a vivid description of the eighteenth-century London theatre scene—a time when the theatre took on many of the features of our modern stage. A natural and psychologically based acting style replaced the declamatory style of an earlier age. The theatres were mainly supported by paying audiences, no longer by royal or noble patrons. The press determined the success or failure of a play or a performance. Actors were no longer shunned by polite society, some becoming celebrities in the modern sense.The dominant figure for thirty years was David Garrick, actor, theatre manager and playwright, who, off the stage, charmed London with his energy, playfulness, and social graces. No less important in defining eighteenth-century theatre were its audiences, who considered themselves full-scale participants in theatrical performances; if they did not care for a play, an actor, or ticket prices, they would loudly make their wishes known, sometimes starting a riot.This book recounts the lives—and occasionally the scandals—of the actors and theatre managers and weaves them into the larger story of the theatre in this exuberant age, setting the London stage and its leading personalities against the background of the important social, cultural, and economic changes that shaped eighteenth-century Britain.The Birth of Modern Theatre brings all of this together to describe a moment in history that sowed the seeds of today's stage.

Published
2019

25. Optic neuritis as an initial symptom in multiple sclerosis

Author

G. Ritter, S. Poser, and Juhani Wikström

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Multiple Sclerosis, Optic Neuritis, Documentation system, Disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Optic neuritis, 10. No inequality, Female to male, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Mean age, General Medicine, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Pyramidal signs, Surgery, Neurology, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Optic nerve, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

The present study is based on a multicenter documentation system which includes standardized information on a total of 1271 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). In 441 (34.7%) cases the optic nerve was involved at the first appearance of the disease, and in 212 (16.6%) subjects optic neuritis (ON) was the sole initial sign. For all MS patients with ON at the onset of the disease the female to male ratio was 1.3, whereas it was 1.5 for the whole series. The mean age at onset was 2 years lower for patients with initial ON as compared with the whole series (29.0 and 31.1 years, respectively). Correlation of the disability of the patients to the duration of the disease revealed the best prognosis for patients with ON as the sole inital sign of MS. The frequency of brainstem/cerebellar and pyramidal signs was lowest among these patients at the time of the present examination. The difference was more pronounced during the first years of the disease and disappeared after longer duration. The correlation curves of disability to the present age of the patients confirmed this pattern. Our findings do not support the idea of initial ON as being a favorable sign of the later course. As an initial bout of MS, it reflect more precisely the mean age of onset of the disease than other signs.

Published
2009
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26. Benzodiazepin-Abhängigkeit: Suchtpotential der Benzodiazepine größer als bisher angenommen

Author

W. Poser, N. Kemper, and S. Poser

Subjects
Drug, Benzodiazepine, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Addiction, Benzodiazepine dependence, Federal republic of germany, Lorazepam, Addictive drugs, General Medicine, medicine.disease, mental disorders, medicine, Psychiatry, business, medicine.drug, media_common
Abstract

The position of benzodiazepine dependence among addiction diseases was studied retrospectively by analysing the case reports of in-patients at the Psychiatric Clinic, Gottingen. Addicts constitute the largest group of patients in this clinic, a situation probably true in general of psychiatric hospitals in the Federal Republic of Germany. Isolated alcoholism is the most frequent addiction, followed by combined alcohol-drug dependence and pure drug dependence. At present, benzodiazepines are the most commonly used addictive drugs. Although most of benzodiazepine dependents have changed to it from another drug, primary benzodiazepine dependence is increasing. Among the benzodiazepines, lorazepam seems to have a particularly high addiction potential. On withdrawal of benzodiazepines, symptoms were less marked than after stopping a combination of benzodiazepines and alcohol, and (or) barbiturates; they generally developed with some time delay.

Published
2008
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28. Klinik, Diagnostik und Therapiemöglichkeiten der menschlichen Prionerkrankungen

Author

S. Poser and I. Zerr

Subjects
Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Internal Medicine, medicine, business
Abstract

Bei den menschlichen Prionerkrankungen lassen sich neben der sporadischen Form der Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Krankheit auch die neue Variante und iatrogene Formen abgrenzen. Zusatzlich sind auch hereditare Formen zu beobachten, als Sonderfall einer von Mensch zu Mensch ubertragenen Form ist Kuru von Bedeutung. Der vorliegende Beitrag be-schreibt die unterschiedlichen klinischen und neuropathologischen Besonderheiten der verschiedenen Varianten der spongiformen Enzephalopathien, deren Abgrenzung weiterhin schwierig bleibt. Zusatzlich werden die Erweiterungen der diagnostischen Moglichkeiten beschrieben, die es ermoglicht haben, dass die Diagnosestellung haufig schon zu Lebzeiten der Patienten er-folgen kann und nicht mehr nur autoptisch zu sichern ist.

Published
2002
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29. Spongiforme Enzephalopathien des Menschen

Author

S. Poser and I. Zerr

Subjects
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Abstract

Seit Entdeckung ihrer Ubertragbarkeit findet die Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Krankheit zunehmendes Interesse in der Offentlichkeit. Die BSE-Epidemie (bovine spongiforme Enzephalitis) und die Befurchtung, diese Rinderkrankheit konne durch Verzehr von infizierten Rinderprodukten auf den Menschen ubergehen, schuf die Voraussetzungen fur epidemiologische Untersuchungen. Das Auftreten einer neuen Variante der Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Krankheit erharteten den Zusammenhang mit BSE. Obwohl beide Formen zu den Prionenerkrankungen gehoren, unterscheidet sich die sporadische Form von der neuen Variante im klinischen und neuropathologischen Bild. Wahrend die neue Variante bisher uberwiegend bei jungen Patienten beobachtet wurde, tritt die klassische sporadische Form vorwiegend im 6.–7. Lebensjahrzehnt auf. Die Haufigkeit der sporadischen Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Krankheit betragt in Deutschland etwa ein Fall pro Jahr pro Million Einwohner. Die neue Variante wurde dagegen bisher fast ausschlieslich in Grosbritannien beobachtet.

Published
2001
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30. Die Prognose der multiplen Sklerose

Author

S. Poser

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Cerebellar ataxia, business.industry, Internal medicine, Multiple sclerosis, medicine, MEDLINE, Neurology (clinical), General Medicine, medicine.symptom, medicine.disease, business
Published
2008
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31. Progress in Multiple Sclerosis Research

Author

H.J. Bauer, S. Poser, G. Ritter, H.J. Bauer, S. Poser, and G. Ritter

Subjects
Neurology
Abstract

At the annual meetings of the International Federation of Multiple Sclerosis Socie­ ties (IFMSS) the representatives of the national MS societies of numerous countries assemble for discussions and reports on work accomplished, under way, and to be undertaken in the future. In addition to publicity work, education, and patient ser­ vices, there has been an increasing interest in obtaining first hand, reliable, and re­ alistic information not only on the medical problems relevant to diagnosis, treat­ ment, and the management of MS, but also on progress in the difficult field of MS research. For this purpose the International Medical Advisory Board (IMAB) was founded. In the past years its members have organized a number of symposia in conjunc­ tion with the IFMSS meetings in New York, Copenhagen, Barcelona, Toronto, Am­ sterdam. The program of the G6ttingen symposium, relevant in its focus to the 1978 meeting of the IFMSS in Hannover, had the double purpose of bringing together scientists from many countries with active MS societies, and to inform the organi­ zers and members of these societies, and thereby also the MS patients, of problems and progress in a number of areas of MS research. The program was conceived as a survey of newer work undertaken in basic and experimental MS research and, on the clinical side, as a reassessment of the prerequisites in the diagnosis of MS, the value of laboratory tests, some therapeutic approaches, and organizational princi­ ples in the management of MS.

Published
2012

32. Hirn-SPECT mit Tc-99m-Bicisat (ECD) bei rasch progredientem dementiellen Syndrom

Author

U. Weingärtner, L. Blaha, I. Zerr, J. Marienhagen, S. Poser, and C. Eilles

Subjects
Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Diagnostico diferencial, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, General Medicine, business
Abstract

ZusammenfassungWir berichten über einen 61jährigen Patienten mit progredientem dementieilen Syndrom, der unter der Verdachtsdiagnose einer Demenz vom Alzheimer-Typ (DAT) zur Hirn-SPECT-Untersuchung mit Tc-99m-Bicisat (ECD) vorgestellt wurde. Zum Untersuchungszeitpunkt bestanden neben dem Vollbild einer Demenz eine ausgeprägte Apraxie und Aphasie bei unspezifischen Veränderungen im EEG sowie der neuroradiologischen Bildgebung. In der Hirn-SPECT-Untersuchung fanden sich für eine DAT untypische ausgedehnte, vorwiegend rechtshemisphärische Perfusionsstörungen. Im weiteren Verlauf rasche Progredienz des Krankheitsbildes mit Entwicklung eines akinetischen Mutismus sowie Nachweis erhöhter Werte der neuronspezifischen Enolase und des 14-3-3-Proteins im Liquor. Der Patient verstarb schließlich unter dem Bild einer Decortication. Aufgrund des klinischen Verlaufs sowie der Liquorbefunde wurde, da eine autoptische Befundsicherung nicht vorliegt, die Diagnose einer wahrscheinlichen Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Erkrankung gestellt. Die vorgestellte Kasuistik unterstreicht aus unserer Sicht den Wert der Hirn-SPECT in der differentialdiagnostischen Abgrenzung dementieller Zustandsbilder.

Published
1999
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34. Thermal simulation of a micromachined thermopile-based thin-film gas flow sensor

Author

J. Müller, V. Baier, E. Kessler, U. Dillner, and S. Poser

Subjects
Materials science, Flow velocity, Thermal, General Engineering, Thermodynamics, Mechanics, Thin film, Constant (mathematics), Signal, Thermopile, Finite element method, Voltage
Abstract

FEM calculations of a thermal gas flow sensor based on thermopiles made of thin films of Bi0.87Sb0.13 as n-type material and Sb as p-type material are presented. The results of thermal simulations concerning the response of the signal voltage to variations of the flow velocity at constant gas temperature as well as to variations of the gas temperature at constant flow velocity are compared with experimental data. The good agreement between calculated and experimental results confirms the proposed two-dimensional thermal model. The design as a classical delta-T-type flow sensor did not result in a complete suppression of the influence of gas temperature variations to the sensor response.

Published
1998
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35. Chip elements for fast thermocycling

Author

G. Mayer, T. Schulz, A. Siebert, Johann Michael Köhler, S. Poser, U. Dillner, V. Baier, and D. Schimkat

Subjects
Silicon, Chemistry, Metals and Alloys, Miniaturization, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Cooling rates, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, Chip, Instrumentation, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a molecular biological method for the in vitro amplification of nucleic acid molecules. Using a cycle of thermally controlled reaction steps, a start molecule can be multiplied cycle by cycle up to factors of about 10 9 . An efficient PCR relies particularly on fast heating and cooling processes, high temperature uniformity and small-sized devices. Here miniaturized thermocyclers show important advantages. Silicon-based thermocyclers with one, two, and ten chambers for volumes in the microlitre range have been prepared in order to realize fast thermocycling by high heating and cooling rates. The presented chip elements have dimensions of 20 mm × 18 mm and a weight of about 1 g.

Published
1997
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36. Low power consumption thermal gas-flow sensor based on thermopiles of highly effective thermoelectric materials

Author

E. Kessler, S. Poser, J. Müller, V. Baier, and U. Dillner

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Metals and Alloys, Electrical engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, Thermoelectric materials, Signal, Thermopile, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Surface micromachining, Flow velocity, Thermal, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Instrumentation, Sensitivity (electronics), Voltage
Abstract

A thermal gas-flow sensor based on thermopiles made of thin films of Bi0.87Sb0.13 for the n-type legs and Sb for the p-type legs with a high thermoelectric figure of merit is presented. The micromachined sensor chip is mounted within a package, which is kept at a constant temperature of 22°C. Experimental data and the results of finite-element analysis calculations concerning the response of the signal voltage to variations of the flow velocity at constant gas temperature as well as to variations of the gas temperature at constant flow velocity are given. A high sensitivity of 5.9 V W−1 m−1 s at low flows is achieved, which makes the sensor suitable for battery-powered devices where a low power consumption is desirable.

Published
1997
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37. [Untitled]

Author

S. Poser and Hartmut Fischer

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Phase transition, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, General Chemical Engineering, Mesophase, Polymer, Amorphous solid, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Liquid crystal, Phase (matter), Polymer chemistry, Copolymer, Pendant group
Abstract

Since the first reports on the combination of liquid crystalline polymers in block (1985) and graft (1986) copolymers with amorphous and semi-crystalline polymers, the scientific interest has been focused on understanding how the size and type of the mesophase displayed by the liquid crystalline part(s) affects the LC → isotropic transition and the order in the LC domains themselves with respect to the morphology displayed. An overview of the work that has been done so far will be given, as well as a closer discussion of the interaction between morphology and LC phase behavior as evaluated on a large number of very well defined LC side group block copolymers. Furthermore, applications and results of mechanical and optical investigations are discussed.

Published
1996
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38. Liquid Crystalline Side Group Block Copolymers with n-Butyl Methacrylate as an Amorphous A-Block: Synthesis and Characterization

Author

Hartmut Fischer, S. Poser, and Manfred Arnold

Subjects
Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Organic Chemistry, Methacrylate, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Liquid crystal, Phase (matter), Polymer chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Side chain, Copolymer, Polystyrene, Pendant group, Phase diagram
Abstract

A second system of liquid crystalline (LC) side group block copolymers with n-butyl methacrylate as an amorphous A-block has been synthesized and characterized. The system poly(n-butyl methacrylate)/poly[2-((((3-cholesteryl)oxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl methacrylate] (PBMA/PChEMA) displays a similar phase diagram and macroscopic and microscopic interaction between the morphological structure and the LC behavior of LC side group block copolymers as the system polystyrene (PS)/PChEMA. A formation of a disordered (nematic) phase is also seen in those samples where the LC subphase is not continuous (spheres), whereas in all samples in which there is a continuous LC subphase, the smectic A phase of the homopolymer is formed. For volume fractions of PBMA (Φ PBMA ) 0.6-0.7, a cylindrical structure of the LC subphase was expected. The formation of the smectic A phase in the subphase like that displayed in the homopolymer PChEMA seems to be more favorable than the formation of an equilibrium morphology. The orientation of the LC subphase with respect to the orientation of the morphological elements is dependent on the morphological structure.

Published
1995
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39. Tumor necrosis factor-α messenger RNA expression in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis is associated with disease activity

Author

W. Lüer, P. Rieckmann, T. Weber, M. Albrecht, B. Kitze, A. Broocks, S. Poser, A. Helwig, and H. Tumani

Subjects
Messenger RNA, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, biology, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Multiple sclerosis, Transforming growth factor beta, medicine.disease, Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, Interleukin 10, 0302 clinical medicine, Cytokine, Lymphotoxin, Neurology, biology.protein, Medicine, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030215 immunology
Abstract

We determined the cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression pattern of blood mononuclear cells in 29 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis every 4 weeks over a period of 12 months. During this period 27 relapses occurred in 14 patients (48%). Progression of disease activity as assessed by the occurrence of new lesions on nonenhancing T2-weighted magnetic resonance images of the head was detected in 12 (48%) of 25 patients. Using a semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction we demonstrated significant increases in tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells prior to a relapse. In 24 (85%) of 27 relapses increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA expression preceded clinical symptoms by 4 weeks. A similar pattern was observed for lymphotoxin mRNA expression. At the same time, transforming growth factor-beta and interleukin-10 mRNA levels declined. Fluctuations in the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha were also observed in 6 patients with stable disease who had active magnetic resonance scans on follow-up. No correlation of disease activity was observed with interleukin-1 beta, -4, or -6, inferferon gamma or endothelin-1 mRNA expression. From these data it can be concluded that variations in cytokine mRNA expression in blood mononuclear cells are correlated with disease activity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. It may be a valuable parameter to monitor the immunological status of patients in future clinical trials.

Published
1995
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40. On the Influence of the Morphological Structure on the Liquid Crystalline Behavior of Liquid Crystalline Side Chain Block Copolymers

Author

S. Poser, W. Frank, Hartmut Fischer, and Manfred Arnold

Subjects
Phase transition, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Small-angle X-ray scattering, Organic Chemistry, Methacrylate, Inorganic Chemistry, Crystallography, Electron diffraction, Liquid crystal, Phase (matter), Polymer chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Side chain, Copolymer
Abstract

The influence of the morphological structure on the phase behavior of a liquid crystalline side chain block copolymer has been investigated using SAXS, DSC, TEM, and low-angle electron diffraction. All samples of poly[styrene-block-2-((3-cholesteryloxycarbonyl)oxy)ethyl methacrylate] (PS-b-PChEMA) show a phase separation between the two blocks. An influence on the phase structure of the liquid crystalline subphase exerted by the morphological structure was observed. It was found that in the case of those samples where the liquid crystalline subphase is not continuous (spheres), only a nematic phase is seen, whereas in all samples in which there is a continuous liquid crystalline subphase, the smectic A phase of the homopolymer is formed

Published
1994
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41. Thermoelectric radiation microsensors

Author

H. Fischer, S. Poser, and T. Elbel

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Metals and Alloys, Analytical chemistry, Time constant, Heat transfer coefficient, Radiation, Condensed Matter Physics, Thermopile, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Thermoelectric effect, Optoelectronics, Sensitivity (control systems), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Thin film, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

With antimony—bismuth thin film thermopiles, a tuneable radiation microsensor has been developed. The tuneable thermopile sensor is based on variation of the heat transfer coefficient. Tuning in sensitivity and time constant is realized by a simple post-fabrication adjusting step. Sensitivity and time constant are calculated by an analytical model and compared with experimental values.

Published
1994
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42. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: comparative analysis of MR imaging sequences

Author

K, Kallenberg, W J, Schulz-Schaeffer, U, Jastrow, S, Poser, B, Meissner, H J, Tschampa, I, Zerr, and M, Knauth

Subjects
Cerebral Cortex, Putamen, Brain, Image Enhancement, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Sensitivity and Specificity, Basal Ganglia, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Thalamus, mental disorders, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Caudate Nucleus, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR imaging has played an increasingly important role in the diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) since basal ganglia abnormalities on T2-weighted images have been described; thus, the aim of our study was to compare the value of different MR images in the diagnosis of CJD. METHODS: One hundred fifty-seven patients with CJD underwent MR imaging examinations. Ninety-two patients were neuropathologically confirmed, and 65 were clinically classified as having CJD through the CJD Surveillance Unit (probability of 95%). There was no standardized MR imaging protocol; thus, the examinations included 143 T2-weighted, 43 proton attenuation (PD)-weighted, 84 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and 44 diffusion-weighted images (DWI). The MR images were reviewed for pathologic changes of the basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebral cortex. RESULTS: Cortical abnormalities were present in 70 patients (45%) and were visible in 80% (35/44) of all available DWI examinations. The basal ganglia were affected in 94 patients (60%), in particular in the caudate nucleus; the most sensitive sequences were DWI (64%) and PD-weighted (63%). A thalamic involvement was more frequently diagnosed on PD-weighted images (19%) and DWI (14%) than on FLAIR or T2-weighted images. CONCLUSION: PD-weighted images and DWI showed better results in the diagnosis of signal intensity changes in the basal ganglia compared with T2-weighted or FLAIR images; however, in the diagnosis of cortical changes, DWI was clearly superior. Our data suggest that DWI is the most sensitive MR imaging technique in the diagnosis of CJD.

Published
2006

44. Wertigkeit MR-tomographischer Verfahren in der Diagnostik der Creutzfeldt-Jacob-Erkrankung (CJD)

Author

K. Kallenberg, W. J. Schulz-Schaeffer, I. Zerr, S. Poser, U. Jastrow, and Michael Knauth

Subjects
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging
Abstract

Ziele: Die Diagnose der CJD wird an autoptisch oder bioptisch gewonnenem Hirngewebe gestellt. Die Magnetresonanztomographie spielt eine zunehmend wichtige Rolle, seit Stammganglienanomalien in T2w- und PDw- Sequenzen beschrieben wurden. Einzelberichte von der Nutzlichkeit von FLAIR oder diffusionsgewichteter MRT (DWI) wurden kurzlich veroffentlicht. Das Ziel unserer Studie war die Bestimmung der Wertigkeit verschiedener MR-tomographischer Verfahren (T2w, PDw, FLAIR, DWI) in der Diagnostik der CJD. Methode: 154 Patienten mit klinisch „wahrscheinlicher“ CJD (p>95%) wurden MR-tomographisch untersucht und retrospektiv ausgewertet. Es lagen vor: 141 T2w-, 43 PDw-, 84 FLAIR- und 44 DWI-Untersuchungen. Die Untersuchungen wurden bzgl. pathologischer Veranderungen in den Basalganglien (getrennt in Putamen und Nucl. caudatus), des Thalamus und des Cortex cerebri ausgewertet. Ergebnis: Hyperintense Signalveranderungen wurden im Putamen mit den verschiedenen MR-Techniken in folgenden Haufigkeiten gefunden: T2w 38% (54/141), PDw 58% (25/43), FLAIR 37% (31/84) und DWI 45% (20/44). Die korrespondierenden Werte fur den Nucl. caudatus waren: T2w 35% (50/141), PDw 63% (27/43), FLAIR 48% (40/84) und DWI 64% (28/44). Im Thalamus fanden sich folgende Werte: T2w 5% (7/141), PDw 19% (8/43), FLAIR 8% (7/84), DWI 14% (6/44). Im Nachweis hyperintenser Signalveranderungen im Cortex cerebri zeigten sich jedoch deutliche Unterschiede in der Empfindlichkeit der verschiedenen MR-Techniken: T2w 6% (8/141), PDw 19% (8/43), FLAIR 50% (42/84), DWI 77% (34/44). Schlussfolgerung: Bezuglich des Nachweises hyperintenser Signalveranderungen in den Stammganglien und des Thalamus wiesen die verschiedenen MR-Untersuchungstechniken keine signifikanten Unterschiede auf. FLAIR und DWI waren den anderen MR-Untersuchungstechniken im Nachweis hyperintenser Kortexveranderungen deutlich uberlegen. DWI war die sensitivste Untersuchungstechnik zum Nachweis der bisher selten beschriebenen hyperintensen kortikalen Signalveranderungen bei CJD.

Published
2004
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46. Differenzialdiagnosen der Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Krankheit

Author

I. Zerr, Katharina Stoeck, Brit Mollenhauer, S. Poser, Uta Heinemann, Daniela Varges, and M. Bartl

Subjects
Neurology (clinical)
Abstract

Das Spektrum dementieller Erkrankungen, die als Differentialdiagnosen einer Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Krankheit (CJK) infrage kommen, ist unzureichend untersucht, jedoch fur die klinische Abgrenzung rasch fortschreitender Demenzen besonders wichtig. Seit dem Jahr 1993 werden in der Gottinger Arbeitsgruppe zur Epidemiologie und Fruherkennung humaner spongiformer Enzephalopathien die in Deutschland gemeldeten Verdachtsfalle einer CJK untersucht. In dieser Studie werden die haufigsten Differenzialdiagnosen der CJK und deren klinische Besonderheiten aufgezeigt, um die differenzierte Diagnosestellung zu prazisieren. In dem Zeitraum von Juni 1996 bis Mai 1999 wurden 541 Patienten mit dem Verdacht auf eine CJK gemeldet und von einem Neurologen der Arbeitsgruppe untersucht. 157 Patienten erfullten nicht die Klassifikationskriterien der CJK (nach der WHO 1998; BIOMED 2-Studie 1998 – Zerr, Neurology 2000) fur eine „mogliche“ oder „wahrscheinliche“ CJK und wurden daher als „andere Erkrankung“ klassifiziert. Anhand katamnestischer Erhebungen konnte das Spektrum der Differenzialdiagnosen erstellt werden. Die endgultige Diagnose wurde aufgrund des neuropathologischen Befundes oder unter der Anwendung von etablierten klinischen Klassifikationskriterien gestellt. Bei 30 Patienten konnte ein Morbus Alzheimer (13 neuropathologisch bestatigt) und bei 16 Patienten eine vaskulare Demenz diagnostiziert werden. In 11 Fallen war die Symptomatik durch einen entzundlichen Prozess des zentralen Nervensystems (ZNS) und bei 7 Patienten durch eine Enzephalopathie (metabolisch, toxisch, paraneoplastisch) verursacht. Die Kriterien fur eine Lewy-Korperchen-Erkrankung erfullten 7 Patienten, 3 hatten eine frontotemporale Demenz, 3 eine Multisystematrophie, 2 Patienten eine kortikobasale Degeneration, 2 eine Chorea Huntington und ein Patient war an einer Hashimoto-Enzephalitis erkrankt. Bei weiteren einzelnen Differenzialdiagnosen handelte es sich vorwiegend um psychiatrische Erkrankungen. Inwieweit sich die einzelnen Erkrankungen voneinander differenzieren lassen wird anhand der klinischen Symptomatik, dem Liquor (Proteine 14–3-3, NSE, Protein S 100), EEG und MRT dargestellt. Bei keinem Patienten stellte sich eine CJK heraus, so dass sich die Klassifikationskriterien als sehr genau bewiesen. Die haufigsten Differenzialdiagnosen der CJK waren ein schnell fortschreitender Morbus Alzheimer gefolgt von den vaskularen Demenzen und den entzundlichen Erkrankungen des ZNS.

Published
2004
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48. Escalating immunotherapy of multiple sclerosis--new aspects and practical application

Author

P, Rieckmann, K V, Toyka, C, Bassetti, K, Beer, S, Beer, U, Buettner, M, Chofflon, M, Götschi-Fuchs, K, Hess, L, Kappos, J, Kesselring, N, Goebels, H-P, Ludin, H, Mattle, M, Schluep, C, Vaney, U, Baumhackl, T, Berger, F, Deisenhammer, F, Fazekas, M, Freimüller, H, Kollegger, W, Kristoferitsch, H, Lassmann, H, Markut, S, Strasser-Fuchs, K, Vass, H, Altenkirch, S, Bamborschke, K, Baum, R, Benecke, W, Brück, D, Dommasch, W G, Elias, A, Gass, W, Gehlen, J, Haas, G, Haferkamp, F, Hanefeld, H-P, Hartung, C, Heesen, F, Heidenreich, R, Heitmann, B, Hemmer, T, Hense, R, Hohlfeld, R W C, Janzen, G, Japp, S, Jung, E, Jügelt, J, Koehler, W, Kölmel, N, König, K, Lowitzsch, U, Manegold, A, Melms, J, Mertin, P, Oschmann, H-F, Petereit, M, Pette, D, Pöhlau, D, Pohl, S, Poser, M, Sailer, S, Schmidt, G, Schock, M, Schulz, S, Schwarz, D, Seidel, N, Sommer, M, Stangel, E, Stark, A, Steinbrecher, H, Tumani, R, Voltz, F, Weber, W, Weinrich, R, Weissert, H, Wiendl, H, Wiethölter, U, Wildemann, U K, Zettl, F, Zipp, R, Zschenderlein, G, Izquierdo, A, Kirjazovas, L, Packauskas, D, Miller, B, Koncan Vracko, A, Millers, A, Orologas, M, Panellus, C J M, Sindic, M, Bratic, A, Svraka, N R, Vella, Z, Stelmasiak, K, Selmaj, H, Bartosik-Psujik, K, Mitosek-Szewczyk, E, Belniak, A, Mochecka, A, Bayas, A, Chan, P, Flachenecker, R, Gold, B, Kallmann, V, Leussink, M, Mäurer, K, Ruprecht, G, Stoll, and F X, Weilbach

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Blinding, Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis, Alternative medicine, Disease, Health care, medicine, Humans, Immunologic Factors, Dosing, Intensive care medicine, Subclinical infection, Clinical Trials as Topic, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Interferon-beta, Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive, medicine.disease, Treatment Outcome, Drug Evaluation, Drug Therapy, Combination, Neurology (clinical), Immunotherapy, business, Immunosuppressive Agents
Abstract

Recent clinical studies in multiple sclerosis (MS) provide new data on the treatment of clinically isolated syndromes, on secondary progression, on direct comparison of immunomodulatory treatments and on dosing issues. All these studies have important implications for the optimized care of MS patients. The multiple sclerosis therapy consensus group (MSTCG) critically evaluated the available data and provides recommendations for the application of immunoprophylactic therapies. Initiation of treatment after the first relapse may be indicated if there is clear evidence on MRI for subclinical dissemination of disease. Recent trials show that the efficacy of interferon beta treatment is more likely if patients in the secondary progressive phase of the disease still have superimposed bouts or other indicators of inflammatory disease activity than without having them. There are now data available, which suggest a possible dose-effect relation for recombinant beta-interferons. These studies have to be interpreted with caution, as some potentially important issues in the design of these studies (e. g. maintenance of blinding in the clinical part of the study) were not adequately addressed. A meta-analysis of selected interferon trials has been published challenging the value of recombinant IFN beta in MS. The pitfalls of that report are discussed in the present review as are other issues relevant to treatment including the new definition of MS, the problem of treatment failure and the impact of cost-effectiveness analyses. The MSTCG panel recommends that the new diagnostic criteria proposed by McDonald et al. should be applied if immunoprophylactic treatment is being considered. The use of standardized clinical documentation is now generally proposed to facilitate the systematic evaluation of individual patients over time and to allow retrospective evaluations in different patient cohorts. This in turn may help in formulating recommendations for the application of innovative products to patients and to health care providers. Moreover, in long-term treated patients, secondary treatment failure should be identified by pre-planned follow-up examinations, and other treatment options should then be considered.

Published
2003

49. The macrophage activity marker sCD14 is increased in patients with multiple sclerosis and upregulated by interferon beta-1b

Author

Timon Bogumil, S Poser, D. Ecker, Frank Weber, Alexander Dressel, H Tumani, E. Elitok, Johannes Brettschneider, D. Bahner, Bernd Kitze, and Andreas Bitsch

Subjects
Adult, Central Nervous System, Male, Multiple Sclerosis, CD14, Immunology, Lipopolysaccharide Receptors, Sex Factors, Downregulation and upregulation, Predictive Value of Tests, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Macrophage, Humans, In patient, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Macrophages, Interferon beta-1b, Interferon beta-1a, Age Factors, Interferon-beta, Macrophage Activation, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Up-Regulation, Treatment Outcome, Neurology, Predictive value of tests, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, medicine.drug
Abstract

The soluble form of the CD14 molecule (sCD14), a macrophage activity marker, was measured in the plasma of 17 patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) and 20 patients with relapsing remitting MS (RRMS). In patients with PPMS, sCD14 levels were determined before and after treatment with interferon beta (IFNB). In both PPMS and in RRMS, sCD14 levels were significantly elevated compared to healthy controls. In patients with PPMS, sCD14 levels increased significantly during the first 3 months of IFNB therapy, then slightly decreased, but still remained elevated compared with levels before therapy. Therefore, the elevated sCD14 levels may be a marker in evaluating biological response to IFNB therapy.

Published
2002

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