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Fuzzy sets introduced to overthrow the uncertainty of an object. Interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets in topological structure space is an extension of fuzzy sets. Interval-valued intuitionistic multi fuzzy set theory is a capable tool for commerce with ambivalence of expertise in information systems. The motive of this paper is to present interval valued intuitionistic multi fuzzy completely generalized semiprecontinuous mappings and provide some of their properties. Also we proved the relation between various types of interval valued intuitionistic multi fuzzy continuous mappings. AMS Subject Classification (2010): 54A40.

Increased carbon emissions have increased global warming resulting in tremendous changes in the climate factor. Climate change has brought drought, cyclones, floods, tsunami, irregular rainfall patterns threatening food security, cleanwater, etc. To reduce the impacts of global warming that are detrimental to humanity and the biosphere, global nations have agreed to reduce carbon emissions and go for a low carbon footprint in all industrial and commercial activities. This study analyzes the cultivation and consuming spirulina (Arthospira platensis) as a win-win situation for sustainable development in terms of GDP as well as carbon capture &storage (CCS).

The marine biosphere is the primary source that has produced excellent bioactive metabolites. Natural compounds isolated from various algae, especially brown algae, gained interest because of their wide variety of biological activities and biocompatibility. Among brown algae, Turbinaria ornata (T. ornata), a highly prevalent alga, because of the presence of bioactive substances, primarily polysaccharides and proteins, could be used for a broad range of pharmaceutical applications. Hence, this study focuses on the biological activity of T. ornata as reported in earlier studies, which includes antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiproliferative, and neuroprotective effects. Also, a few natural compounds isolated from the Turbinaria species have been used for the biogenic nanoparticle synthesis that was considered to be potential for desired biological applications. This review gives detailed information on the valuable natural resources being used as a potential component in pharmaceutical applications.

Aim: The principle objective of this article is to improve the accuracy of Credit card fraud detection using Novel logistic regression compared with the t-SNE. Materials and Methods: The categorizing is performed by adopting a sample size of n = 10 in novel logistic regression and sample size n = 10 in t-SNE with a sample size = 10, obtained using the G-power value 80%. Results: The analysis of the results shows that the Novel logistic regression has a high accuracy of (99.89) in comparison with the t-SNE(60.99). There is a statistically significant difference between the study groups with (p< 0.05). Conclusion: For Credit card fraud detection it shows that the Logistic Regression appears to generate more accuracy than the t-SNE

The present study examined 434 field samples including serum (n = 273), swabs from natural orifices (n = 52) and postmortem tissue samples (n = 109) from both suspected and asymptomatic swine from Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, and Telangana states in southern India. All the samples were processed for molecular screening of PCV3 by specific PCR assay. Overall molecular positivity rate of PCV3 was found to be 0.7% in southern India with one sample positive from each state of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Telangana. All the three PCR positive PCV3 samples are detected from reproductive failures and were processed and propagated in PK15 cell line for virus isolation. Out of 3 samples processed, one (INDKL9PK76) PCV3 isolate could be obtained in this study and it was confirmed by specific PCR at third and fifth passage levels. Sequencing of PCV3 positive PCR amplicon (INDKL9PK76) revealed 1004 nucleotides and BLAST analysis confirmed partial sequence of the PCV3 genome. The aligned contig sequence was submitted to GenBank under the accession number of MW627201. PCV3 sequence in this study revealed 99% homology with PCV3 isolates from Europe and China. Phylogentic analysis of the PCV3 isolate-INDKL9PK76 sequence along with established PCV3 genotypes revealed clustering within PCV3 genotypes. Characterization of PCV3 (INDKL9PK76) isolate based on deduced amino acid composition of PCV3-capsid protein revealed "A" (alanine) and "R" (arginine) at 24th and 27th residues respectively confirming the incidence of PCV3a genotype. This study evidences PCV3 associated reproductive failure in domestic pigs for the first time in southern India.

During rainy times, the impact of outdoor vision systems gets considerably decreased owing to the visibility barrier, distortion, and blurring instigated by raindrops. So, it is essential to eradicate it from the rainy images for ensuring the reliability of outdoor vision system. To achieve this, several rain removal studies have been performed in recent days. In this view, this paper presents a new Faster Region Convolutional Neural Network (Faster RCNN) with Optimal Densely Connected Networks (DenseNet)-based rain removal technique called FRCNN-ODN. The presented involves weighted mean filtering (WMF) is applied as a denoising technique, which helps to boost the quality of the input image. In addition, Faster RCNN technique is used for rain detection that comprises region proposal network (RPN) and Fast RCNN model. The RPN generates high quality region proposals that are exploited by the Faster RCNN to detect rain drops. Also, the DenseNet model is utilized as a baseline network to generate the feature map. Moreover, sparrow search optimization algorithm (SSOA) is applied to choose the hyperparameters of the DenseNet model namely learning rate, batch size, momentum, and weight decay. An extensive experimental validation process is performed to highlight the effectual outcome of the FRCNN-ODN model and investigated the results with respect to several dimensions. The FRCNN-ODN method produced a higher UIQI of 0.981 for the applied image 1. Furthermore, on the applied image 2, the FRCNN-ODN model achieved a maximum UIQI of 0.982. Furthermore, the FRCNN-ODN algorithm produced a higher UIQI of 0.998 on the applied image 3. The simulation outcome showcased the superior outcome of the FRCNN-ODN (Optimal Densely Connected Networks) model with existing methods in terms of distinct measures.

The characterization results of influence of various concentration of Mn (II) ion on the properties and crystalline perfection of ammonium di hydrogen phosphate (ADP) crystal are presented. Using water as a solvent, pure and 1, 5, 10 and 20 mol % of Mn (II) ion in the form manganese (II) sulphate added ADP crystals are prepared by slow evaporation solution growth technique (SEST). Well faceted grown crystals are characterised by different experimental techniques. The presence of Mn (II) in the doped specimens is confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) technique. The surface morphology of the crystals is studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The grown crystals are also characterized by FT-IR, UV–Vis and TG/DTA methods. The second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency, which is an essential character required for the single crystals to identify the nonlinear optical (NLO) property, is performed by Kurtz powder technique. Moderate concentrations of dopant enhance the SHG efficiency of ADP crystal.

The influence of alkali metals (Na, K, Cs, Li and Rb) doping on the properties and crystal growth of tris(thiourea)zinc(II)sulphate crystals by slow evaporation solution growth technique at 30 °C has been investigated. Each metals as dopant incorporate into the crystal lattice even at its low concentrations is well confirmed by energy dispersive X – ray spectroscopy (EDS). In the powder X –ray diffraction (XRD), high intense peaks are observed for all doped specimens due to stress developed in the crystal because of doping when compared to pure one. Single crystal XRD reveals a nominal increase in the cell parameter values of the doped samples compared to pure. Presence of each alkali metal quantitatively is confirmed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) technique. It is interesting to observe the enhancement of fluorescence intensity of pure ZTS by the dopant in the photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The grown crystals are also characterized by FT-IR, UV-V is and TG/DSC methods. The second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency, an essential character required for the single crystals to identify the non-linear optical (NLO) property, was performed by kurtz powder technique.

In the Contemporary world, the most advanced Industrial Robots and autonomous vehicles perform under rehearsal-time real systems. Robot Operating System (ROS) has developed an opensource lib library it contains a tool that aids the building of robot applications. The Primary version of ROS had not met real-time constraints as expected a newer version of ROS is developed, called ROS 2. But still ROS 2 has shortcomings in the real-time analysis as it is still in the development stage. This paper aims to analyze the Real-time performance of ROS 2 and also aims to identify the problems and solutions regarding the real-time constraints of the Robot Operating System (ROS 2). On the whole, it demonstrates the research on the real-time performance of ROS 2 for the improvement of robotic applications.

This work aimed to identify the lead causes of upper limb injury presenting to a busy hand and major trauma unit during the UK COVID-19 domestic lockdown period, in comparison to a cohort from the same period one year previously. Hand and upper limb injuries presenting to the host organization during a pre-lockdown period (23rd March 2019–11th May 2019) and the formal UK lockdown period (23rd March 2020–11th May 2020) were compared, using data collated from the host institution’s hand surgery database. The UK lockdown period was associated with a 52% fall in the number of patients presenting to the service with hand and upper limb injuries (589 pre-lockdown vs. 284 during lockdown). There was a significant increase in the proportion of injuries due to machinery use during lockdown (38, 6.5% pre-lockdown vs. 33, 11.6% during lockdown, P = 0.009), other etiologies were consistent. The proportion requiring surgical management were similar (n = 272, 46.2% pre-lockdown vs. n = 138, 48.6% during lockdown, P = 0.50). The proportion requiring overnight admission fell (n = 94, 16.0% pre-lockdown vs. 29, 10.2% during lockdown, P = 0.022). COVID-19 related lockdown in the UK resulted in a reduction in the presenting numbers of hand related injuries; however almost half of these patients still required surgery. These data may be of use to other hand surgery centers for resource planning during future lockdown periods, and for injury prevention strategies in the post-COVID-19 world.

Flexible electronic devices entail highly transparent and conducting electrodes with excellent adherent and mechanically robust properties along with excellent bendability. Here, we report the development of transparent and conducting electrodes comprising silver nanowires (AgNWs) and amorphous-titanium oxide (a-TiOx) nanocomposite thin films. The AgNWs and a-TiOx nanocomposite thin films were deposited by a wire bar coating process, a scalable and high throughput procedure. PXRD analysis confirmed the crystalline and amorphous nature for AgNWs and TiOx thin film, respectively. FE-SEM and HRTEM analyses revealed the core–shell nature of the composite where AgNWs and a-TiOx acted as core and shell, respectively. Even after three-layer coating of AgNWs-a-TiOx nanocomposite thin films, high transparency (~ 77%) in the visible region (400–800 nm) and a sheet resistance of 23 Ω/sq were observed. Furthermore, tape peel off tests were conducted for AgNWs and AgNWs-a-TiOx nanocomposite, which displayed high adherence for the three-layer coated AgNWs-a-TiOx nanocomposite as compared with AgNWs alone. The formation of AgNWs-a-TiOx core–shell structure enhances the intra-particle binding and network formation of AgNWs. The preliminary studies highlight that the developed AgNWs-a-TiOx nanocomposite thin films have great potential as transparent electrodes for realizing scalable cost-effective flexible electronic devices.

Amorphous oxide semiconductors have gained significant attention in the past few decades and have emerged as a promising material for thin-film transistors (TFTs) because they offer high carrier mobility (> 10–50 cm2/V s) and uniformity. In particular, amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) has been widely employed as an active channel material in TFTs owing to its high mobility. However, indium-based TFTs suffer from stability problems under positive, negative, and illumination bias stress conditions, which limits their applications in flat-panel displays. Moreover, the limited supply of indium and growing demand for high-stability TFTs with better electrical performance has led to the introduction of tin oxide as a promising solution to replace indium in TFTs. This review provides an overview on the progress and recent developments in indium-free tin oxide-based TFTs for large-area electronics, with special emphasis on the sputtering technique. In addition, the source of the dual conductivity of tin oxide is addressed, which will be helpful in designing complementary metal oxide semiconductor devices. The instability problems and approaches to improve the electrical performance of tin oxide TFTs are also discussed.

In this work, solution-processed indium-boron-zinc-oxide (IBZO) thin-film transistors (TFT) have been fabricated by spin-coating. Properties such as the dissociation energy, electronegativity, ionic size and Lewis acid strength significantly influence the electrical properties of amorphous oxide active channel layers. Based on this reasoning, boron was chosen as a carrier suppressor to improve mobility and stability of the thin-film transistor. Boron concentration in precursor solution was varied from 0 at.% to 20 at.% while the indium concentration was fixed at 70 at.% and zinc concentration was decreased with respect to boron concentration. The IBZO thin films were deposited using spin-coating and post-annealed at 350°C. X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy studies confirmed the amorphous nature of the thin film. All the IBZO films were seen to be highly transparent (∼ 83%) in the visible region. The environmental electrical stability of the indium-zinc-oxide (IZO) and IBZO were studied, which revealed that the IBZO TFT with 10 at.% boron concentration has a saturated field effect mobility of 0.28 cm2 V−1 s−1, threshold voltage of 8 V and ION/IOFF of 8.54 × 105 after 30 days of exposure to ambient atmosphere, with no shift in the turn-on voltage, whereas the IZO TFT exhibited an enormous shift in turn-on voltage from −26 V to −13 V.

Ethanol is widely used in preparing alcoholic beverages, thermometers, perfumes, flavorings, colorings, and medicines. Ethanol sensors are mainly used in biofuel plants and breweries to quantify ethanol concentrations through infrared spectral studies as well as in forensics and direct alcohol fuel cells. This overview discusses the various materials and methods used in the determination of ethanol concentrations in sensing applications using resistance-based measurements. A comprehensive view of the different nanomaterials that have been studied is provided, with an outlook on the shortcomings as well as merits of the material architectures. Statistical methods of interpreting sensing performance are analyzed as well, through which possibilities for improving the adaptability of materials towards their end use is projected.

We report the preparation and characterization of a new heterostructured Ag-TiO₂/ZnFe₂O₄ (ATZ) nanocomposite. X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals the presence of spinel type ZnFe₂O₄ and anatase TiO₂. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of ATZ nanocomposites show that Ag nanoparticles are successfully loaded on the composite Ag-TiO₂ and is uniformly distributed on surface of ZnFe₂O₄ forming a nanocomposite with an approximate particle size of 44.8 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) analysis clearly indicates the particles with spherical and hexagonal structure and sizes of most of the particles are below 50 nm. Ultra violet-visible diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-vis-DRS) show that Ag-TiO₂/ZnFe₂O₄ has increased visible absorption than TiO₂. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra shows that the intensity of ATZ is low relative to prepared TiO₂. The photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Yellow 86 (RY 86) dye was studied. Based on the band gap energies of TiO₂ and ZnFe₂O₄, a mechanism of degradation is given. Photocatalytic activity results suggest that as-prepared ATZ shows higher photodegradation efficiency than pure TiO₂. The main reactive oxidative species involved in the degradation and stability of photocatalyst were also investigated. ATZ shows higher electrocatalytic activity than TiO₂ for methanol electrooxidation. The cytotoxicity of ATZ was analysed. Multifunctionality of ATZ makes it useful for environmental and biomedical applications.

Single crystals of Fe(II) and Fe(III) (1 mol %) doped ammonium dihydrogen phosphate crystals were obtained by slow evaporation solution growth technique (SEST). Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies of doped samples shows slight structural changes. The obtained crystals was further characterized by FT-IR, SEM, UV-DRS. The band gap energies of the crystals were estimated by the application of Kubelka-Munk algorithm. Second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of Fe(II) and Fe(III) crystals let out that Fe(II) doping in ADP has better nonlinear optical (NLO) property than Fe(III) due to lattice stress.

The amount of energy required by Cloud Data Centers (CDCs) has increased significantly in this digital age, and as a result, there is a pressing need to reduce CDC energy ingesting. Consolidation of virtual machines (VMs) and effective virtual machine placement (VMP) techniques are commonly employed in large data middles to reduce energy consumption. The VMP is an NP-hard subject with infeasible optimum explanations even for tiny data middles, and it is dealt with using the Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithm, which is an experiential approach to optimization. With this in mind, this study introduces a novel energy-aware VMP technique for CDCs that is founded on the Disordered Salp Swarm Optimization Algorithm (EAVMP-CSSA) and is enhanced for energy efficiency (EAVMP-CSSA). The EAVMP-CSSA technique attempts to reduce CDC energy ingesting by dropping the quantity of active servers supporting virtual machines. The recommended EAVMP-CSSA strategy also aims to balance the resource operation of active servers (i.e., CPU, RAM, and Bandwidth), hence reducing waste and increasing efficiency. Furthermore, by combining the ideas of chaotic maps with the standard Salp Swarm Optimization Algorithm (SSA), the CSSA is intended to improve overall performance and reduce computational costs (SSA). A comprehensive range of experimental analyses are performed to ensure that the EAVMP-CSSA technique performs better, and the findings are compared to current VMP techniques. The EAVMP-CSSA approach achieves an effective outcome with a maximum service rate of 98.12%, whereas the Random, FFD, ACO, and AP-ACO procedures achieve a minimum service rate of 74.40%, 78.80%, 90.70%, and 96.31%, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that the EAVMP-CSSA approach outperforms other assessment metrics.

This study used 56 aborted and stillborn fetuses from organized swine farms in Tamil Nadu and Kerala, southern states of India. All samples were screened by using a PCR assay that targets the NS1 gene for PPV. Furthermore, the PCR positive samples were subjected to amplification of the VP2 gene of PPV1 with designed primers and sequenced for further study. The PCR screening of 56 samples found that 14.3% (n = 8) were positive for PPV genome. According to VP2 gene-based PCR for PPV1, 897 bp specific amplicons were detected in all eight of the samples. Two of the eight positive samples (L17 and T5) were sequenced and annotated randomly. The BLAST analysis of contig sequence INDTNCHN-T5 revealed 100% sequence homology with Chinese PPV1genome, whereas sequence from INDTNCHN-L17 revealed 99.43% sequence homology with Spain, Chinese, and German. PPV1 sequences and both the sequences INDTNCHN-T5 and INDTNCHN-L17 were submitted to the GenBank under the accession numbers MW822566 and MW822567 respectively. A phylogenetic analysis of the sequences in this study revealed specific grouping along with PPV1 strains in cluster E. Amino acid analysis of both isolated sequences in addition to the reference sequence from PPV1 showed variations in position 215 (I to T) in both the isolates, variation at position 228 (Q to E) in T5 isolate and variations at position 59 (L to M) and 314 (K to E) in L17 isolate. This study represents the first report of PPV1 cluster E in Tamil Nadu, southern India.