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2. Study of left-handed characteristics of parallel microwires based metastructures

Author

C. S. Olariu, Gabriel Ababei, H. Chiriac, and Nicoleta Lupu

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Left handed, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Resonance, 02 engineering and technology, Plasma, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Ferromagnetic resonance, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Amorphous solid, Frequency domain, 0103 physical sciences, Antiferromagnetism, Microwave shielding, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

The aim of this work is to present a complex experimental and theoretical study of the ferromagnetic resonance frequencies and plasma behavior for CoFe-based, Co-based, Fe-based and FINEMET TM glass covered amorphous microwires (GCAWs), arranged in parallel configurations as free-standing systems, as well as combinations thereof, in order to obtain metastructures with tailored and enlarged left-handed frequency domain. The negative magnetic properties interval of the metastructures is expanded by alternating different types of GCAWs with close natural ferromagnetic resonance (NFMR) and natural antiferromagnetic resonance (NFMAR) domains, respectively.

Published
2016
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3. Cystic echinococcosis in adult hospitalized patients: A 10-year retrospective study in Western Romania

Author

M. Botoca, A.A. Paduraru, O.M. Cretu, F. Lazar, D. Valceanu, S. Olariu, Tudor Olariu, O.N. Burlacu, M.A. Lupu, A. Dragomir, and S.A. Ritiu

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, business.industry, Cystic echinococcosis, Hospitalized patients, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, business
Published
2018
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4. Determination of bone mineral volume fraction using impedance analysis and Bruggeman model

Author

C. S. Olariu, Liliana Mitoseriu, and I.V. Ciuchi

Subjects
Bone mineral, Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Composite number, Mineralogy, Dielectric, Condensed Matter Physics, Microstructure, Bone tissue, Dielectric spectroscopy, Matrix (chemical analysis), medicine.anatomical_structure, Mechanics of Materials, Volume fraction, medicine, General Materials Science, Composite material
Abstract

Measurements by impedance spectroscopy and Bruggeman effective medium approximation model were employed in order to determine the mineral volume fraction of dry bone. This approach assumes that two or more phases are present into the composite: the matrix (environment) and the other ones are inclusion phases. A fragment of femur diaphysis dense bone from a young pig was investigated in its dehydrated state. Measuring the dielectric properties of bone and its main components (hydroxyapatite and collagen) and using the Bruggeman approach, the mineral volume filling factor was determined. The computed volume fraction of the mineral volume fraction was confirmed by a histogram test analysis based on the SEM microstructures. In spite of its simplicity, the method provides a good approximation for the bone mineral volume fraction. The method which uses impedance spectroscopy and EMA modeling can be further developed by considering the conductive components of the bone tissue as a non-invasive in situ impedance technique for bone composition evaluation and monitoring.

Published
2013
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5. High Resolution Gamma Ray Spectroscopy at MHz Counting Rates With LaBr<formula formulatype='inline'><tex Notation='TeX'>$_{3}$</tex> </formula> Scintillators for Fusion Plasma Applications

Author

João M. C. Sousa, M. Nocente, A. Olariu, Ana Fernandes, Giuseppe Gorini, R. C. Pereira, Giovanni Grosso, Vasily Kiptily, I. N. Chugunov, A. E. Shevelev, D. B. Gin, S. Olariu, M. Tardocchi, M. G. V. Silva, and Andre Neto

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, business.industry, Detector, Resolution (electron density), Plasma, Scintillator, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Optics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, Gamma spectroscopy, Plasma diagnostics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Spectroscopy, business
Abstract

High resolution γ-ray spectroscopy measurements at MHz counting rates were carried out at nuclear accelerators, combining a LaBr 3(Ce) detector with dedicated hardware and software solutions based on digitization and off-line analysis. Spectra were measured at counting rates up to 4 MHz, with little or no degradation of the energy resolution, adopting a pile up rejection algorithm. The reported results represent a step forward towards the final goal of high resolution γ-ray spectroscopy measurements on a burning plasma device.

Published
2013
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6. Saturation Curve for a Synthetic Antiferromagnetic System

Author

Alexandru Stancu and C. S. Olariu

Subjects
Physics, Magnetic anisotropy, Ferromagnetism, Condensed matter physics, Anisotropy energy, Antiferromagnetism, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Anisotropy, Series expansion, Saturation (magnetic), Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Magnetic field
Abstract

For toggle magnetic random access memory, the saturation field represents the exterior limit of the work region. Exterior magnetic fields higher than the saturation field lead to an irremediable loss of the stored information because the antiferromagnetic state of the synthetic antiferromagnetic (SAF) structure becomes a ferromagnetic state and data stored in the magnetic memory cell are altered. At the saturation point, the two ferromagnetic-layer magnetizations became parallel oriented, in a direction close to that of the applied field. In this paper, we present a method to find an analytical formula for the magnetic saturation field that depends on the angle between the applied magnetic field related to the easy anisotropy axis, on the amplitude of the antiferromagnetic coupling field between the ferromagnetic layers, on the geometrical characteristics of the SAF structure, and on the second term of the series expansion of the anisotropy energy of the system. This method allows us to obtain an analytical formula for saturation field that depends only on the controllable parameters of the SAF structure. This analytically obtained critical saturation curve perfectly matches with the critical saturation curve reported in previous papers.

Published
2009
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7. Influence of material anisotropy in the switching toggle mode in MRAM devices

Author

Alexandru Stancu, C. S. Olariu, and Laurentiu Stoleriu

Subjects
Coupling constant, Switching time, Magnetoresistive random-access memory, Materials science, Ferromagnetism, Field (physics), Mode (statistics), Electronic engineering, Antiferromagnetism, Condensed Matter Physics, Anisotropy, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract

In the development of magneto-resistance random access memory (MRAM), the theoretical studies are now concentrated in various parameters improving. Some important parameters are the range of the operating field and the switching time. The analysis presented in this paper is concentrated to a synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF). Recently a considerable effort has been expended by Fujiwara and co-workers to the analysis of the switching mode suggested by Savtchenko et al., called also toggle MRAM, and a number of conditions were found to maximize the operating field margin; most of these studies were based on a critical-curve approach. For uniaxial anisotropy, an analytical approach is possible and simple results and critical curves are presented. For the more general case, only the micromagnetic simulation can offer results. The studies are made for different coupling constants between the two ferromagnetic layers and the results are discussed.

Published
2007
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8. Left-handed metastructures based on nanocrystalline microwires for GHz shielding applications

Author

Gabriel Ababei, H. Chiriac, Nicoleta Lupu, and C. S. Olariu

Subjects
Left handed, Microwave frequency range, Permittivity, Materials science, Nuclear magnetic resonance, business.industry, Frequency domain, Electromagnetic shielding, Optoelectronics, Metamaterial, Dielectric, business, Nanocrystalline material
Abstract

Recently, the properties of magnetic glass-coated microwires (GCWs) were investigated intensively in order to develop artificial structures known as metastructures with double-negative electric and magnetic properties in the microwave frequency range [1]. The metastructures based on specific GCWs exhibit a left-handed behavior with narrow microwave frequency band. This is a critical limiting factor for the practical applications of such metamaterials. The combination of different types of GCWs with similar high frequency properties could be an alternative to enlarge the metamaterial frequency domain of such metastructures [2].

Published
2015
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9. [Untitled]

Author

Iovitzu Popescu, James Carroll, Carl B. Collins, and S. Olariu

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Zeeman effect, Nuclear Theory, Gamma ray, Electron, Condensed Matter Physics, Magnetostatics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Magnetic field, symbols.namesake, Excited state, symbols, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics, Ground state, Microwave
Abstract

In this paper we discuss the relevance of electron-nuclear double transitions for the problem of the amplification of gamma rays. We consider the electron-nuclear coupled system of 151Eu in a CaF2 lattice, in the presence of a strong static magnetic field. We analyze the possibility of pumping this electron-nuclear coupled system from the ground atomic electron Zeeman level to a higher electron level with the aid of a microwave magnetic field, while the nucleus is simultaneously undergoing a gamma-ray transition to the nuclear ground state. It is shown that an overall inversion condition can be satisfied even in the absence of inversion of the nuclear populations, provided that the ratio of the electron populations in the excited and ground electron Zeeman states has a sufficiently small value.

Published
1997
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10. Left-handed properties dependence versus the interwire distance in Fe-based microwires metastructures

Author

C. S. Olariu, Horia Chiriac, Nicoleta Lupu, and Gabriel Ababei

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Left handed, Amorphous metal, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Field (physics), Metallurgy, Iron alloys, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, Magnetic field, 0103 physical sciences, Fe based, 0210 nano-technology, Microwave metamaterials, Microwave, lcsh:Physics
Abstract

Experimental and theoretical investigations on the left-handed properties dependence versus the interwire distance of three new proposed Fe77.5Si7.5B15 glass coated microwires-based metastructures are presented. The left-handed characteristics of the metastructures were determined in the frequency range 8.2 ÷ 12 GHz and external d.c. magnetic fields ranging from 0 to 32 kA/m. The experimental results show that the electromagnetic losses of the metastructures increase with the decreasing of the interwire distance due to the increasing of the long-range dynamic dipole-dipole interaction within inter-wires in the presence of the microwave field. The numerical calculations using Nicolson–Weiss–Ross algorithm are in agreement with the experimental results. The variation of the interwire distance proves to be a useful tool to obtain metastructures with controlled left-handed characteristics.

Published
2016

11. [Obstructive jaundice by genodermatosis--case report]

Author

D, Radu, S, Olariu, and M, Teodorescu

Subjects
Neurofibromatosis 1, Skin Neoplasms, Papilloma, Thorax, Jaundice, Obstructive, Rare Diseases, Treatment Outcome, Bile Duct Neoplasms, Hyperpigmentation, Abdomen, Humans, Cholecystectomy, Female, Aged, Skin
Abstract

Neurofibromatosis type I, or Recklinnghausen disease, is the most frequently occurring neurofibromatosis, in 1/3000-11,5000 of children born. This disease is a genodermatosis with 1/3000-1/5000 autosomal dominant transmission. Incriminated in the pathological appearance of the disease gene is located on chromosome 17, gene product, neurofibromina, is a protein involved in controlling cell differentiation and proliferation. Skin manifestations can be associated with the same papillary tumors and the internal organ. Treatment is surgery for larger tumors. Worse prognosis in malignant developpment, with the lower quality of life in the presence of complications, as in this case: mechanical obstructive jaundice.Patients aged 75 years, admitted for obstructive jaundice (progressive, pruritic), cutaneous papillomas (0.5-3 cm) on the trunk and several hyperpigmented brown spots (5-6 cm diameter). Cutaneous lesions (45 years old) have been previously diagnosed by histological examination.We did surgery under general anesthesia: cholecystectomy, intraoperative choledocoscopy of bile duct. In the last portion of bile duct we found pedicled tumors. We did partial excision of tumors and coledoco-duodenoanastomosis in healthy tissue. Histological examination showed neurofibrodermatoza type I. Discharge 12 days postoperatively.Preoperative diagnosis suggested the possibility of mechanical jaundice by malignancy. Etiologic diagnosis of this rare form of obstructive jaundice could not be established before surgery, only by histological examination of the excised tumors.

Published
2012

12. Quantum-interference asymmetries in the multiphoton radio-frequency sideband spectra ofFe57

Author

T. W. Sinor, S. Olariu, and Carl B. Collins

Subjects
Physics, Sideband, Ferromagnetism, Field (physics), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Radio frequency, Atomic physics, Hyperfine structure, Intensity (heat transfer), Spectral line, Magnetic field
Abstract

We determine the intensity of the nuclear multiphoton sidebands to the forbidden components of the 14.4-keV M\"ossbauer transition in $^{57}\mathrm{Fe}$, generated by the application of radio-frequency magnetic fields to ferromagnetic samples, in the presence of static magnetic fields. Further we determine the intensity of the second-order sidebands to the 14.4-keV transition in the case known as the radio-frequency collapse, when the entire hyperfine magnetic field acting on the $^{57}\mathrm{Fe}$ nuclei follows the oscillations of the applied radio-frequency field. Then we discuss a number of characteristic asymmetries due to quantum interference, appearing in the multiphoton radio-frequency sideband spectra.

Published
1994
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13. AN EFFICIENT EREW ALGORITHM FOR MINIMUM PATH COVER AND HAMILTONICITY ON COGRAPHS

Author

R. LIN, S. OLARIU, J. L. SCHWING, and J. ZHANG

Subjects
General Computer Science, Computer science, List ranking, Parallel algorithm, Graph theory, Tree contraction, Path cover, Tree (graph theory), Hamiltonian path, Graph, Vertex (geometry), symbols.namesake, TheoryofComputation_ANALYSISOFALGORITHMSANDPROBLEMCOMPLEXITY, symbols, Parallel random-access machine, Cograph, Cover (algebra), Computer Science::Data Structures and Algorithms, Algorithm, MathematicsofComputing_DISCRETEMATHEMATICS
Abstract

It is shown that the notoriously difficult problem of finding the minimum number of paths that cover the vertices of a graph can be solved efficiently for cographs. The result implies that for this class of graphs finding a Hamiltonian path and a Hamiltonian cycle can be solved efficiently in parallel. Specifically, with an n-vertex cograph G represented by its parse tree as input, the algorithm determines the number of paths in a minimum path cover in O(log n) time using n/log n processors in the exclusive read exclusive write parallel random access machine (EREW-PRAM) model. The authors also exhibit all the paths in a minimum path cover of G in O(log/sup 2/n) time using n/log n processors in the EREW-PRAM. >

Published
1994
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14. High resolution gamma ray spectroscopy at MHz counting rates with LaBr3 scintillators

Author

A. E. Shevelev, M. Tardocchi, A. Olariu, Andre Neto, I. N. Chugunov, M. Nocente, R. C. Pereira, S. Olariu, M L Silva, D. B. Gin, João M. C. Sousa, Giuseppe Gorini, Ana Fernandes, Giovanni Grosso, and Vasily Kiptily

Subjects
Physics, Optics, Nuclear magnetic resonance, business.industry, Scintillation counter, Detector, Resolution (electron density), Alpha-particle spectroscopy, Gamma spectroscopy, Scintillator, business, Spectroscopy, Spectral line
Abstract

High resolution γ-ray spectroscopy measurements at MHz counting rates were carried out at nuclear accelerators, combining a LaBr 3 (Ce) detector with dedicated hardware and software solutions based on digitization and post-mortem analysis. Spectra were reconstructed at counting rates up to 4 MHz, with little or no degradation of the energy resolution. The reported results represent a step forward towards the final goal of γ-ray spectroscopy measurements on a burning plasma device.

Published
2011
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15. [Intestinal stromal tumors, rare cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Case report]

Author

S, Olariu, C, Ruhmann, V, Bloancă, J, Shekhda, M, Străin, and A, Dema

Subjects
Adult, Treatment Outcome, Jejunal Neoplasms, Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors, Humans, Anemia, Female, Shock, Hemorrhagic, Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Abstract

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors represent a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal tumors that can develop throughout the gastrointestinal tract. We present the clinical case of a patient with such malignancies occurred in the proximal jejunum and clinically manifested by a severe digestive hemorrhage with hemorrhagic shock and severe posthemorrhagic anemia. Pre-operative diagnosis was possible only through the Entero-MRI. The evolution was favorable after surgical extirpation. It's being discussed particular aspects of this lesion's entity and post-operative optimal attitude in this case.

Published
2010

16. Left-handed metastructures with selective frequency transmission window for gigahertz shielding applications

Author

Nicoleta Lupu, H. Chiriac, Gabriel Ababei, and C. S. Olariu

Subjects
Materials science, Amorphous metal, business.industry, General Physics and Astronomy, Resonance, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Amorphous solid, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Ferromagnetism, Transmission (telecommunications), Electromagnetic shielding, Broadband, Optoelectronics, Antiferromagnetism, business, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

Experimental evidence of left-handed properties of the Fe-, CoFe-, and Co-based glass-covered amorphous microwires in free standing systems is demonstrated. A new broadband frequency shielding metastructure with selective transmission frequency in the microwave range is presented. The X-band microwave-guide and the free-space methods were used as experimental techniques in the frequency range from 1 to 12 GHz. The X-band experimental results show that the mixed metastructure presents left-handed behavior between 8.5 and 10.5 GHz. The mixed metastructure for large areas presents broadband frequency domains, with left-handed properties between 6.5 and 10.5 GHz (the sum of intrinsic ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic resonance frequencies domains of individual microwires) and a transmission window between 7.6 and 10.5 GHz. Double negative characteristics of the metastructures are in agreement with the computed results calculated based on Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equations and Nicolson-Ross-Weir analytical method.

Published
2015
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17. [Minimally invasive surgical treatment of recent achilles tendon rupture]

Author

R F, Tatu, S, Olariu, and D, Vermeşan

Subjects
Male, Rupture, Treatment Outcome, Suture Techniques, Humans, Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures, Female, Range of Motion, Articular, Achilles Tendon, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

The Achilles tendon rupture represents a acute, invalidating pathology with a increasing trend. It affects the young active adult and the treatment indications have not developed a standard yet. The treatment can be conservative (cast immobilization) or operative. The aim of the study is the widespread of the authors experience with the percutaneous suture of the fresh Achilles tendon rupture, a accessible and effective treatment method of a lesion which is of a larger interest then just of the orthopedic surgeon. This minimal invasive technique combines the benefits of the conservative treatment--low complication incidence--with those of the surgical treatment were the union rate is higher. The suture material makes no difference. The use of 1,5 mm PDS cord or normal, braided 0 nylon has offered the same good end result. The costs are lowered by the short operative time and hospitalization period and the patients returned to the anterior activity at 6-8 weeks after injury. At the same time the cosmetic result is very good. This technique could be set as a standard for the treatment of the fresh Achilles tendon rupture.

Published
2006

21. [Suppurative complications of acute pancreatitis]

Author

S, Olariu, D, Vâlceanu, and N, Bota

Subjects
Adult, Male, Suppuration, Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing, Middle Aged, Peritonitis, Abscess, Radiography, Treatment Outcome, Pancreatitis, Acute Disease, Humans, Female, Aged, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

This retrospective study investigated the management of the suppurative complication of acute pancreatitis in our clinic.A retrospective study was made in the Surgery no. 1 Clinic of Timisoara during the period of 6 years (1996-2001) and on the subject of the acute pancreatitis with suppurative complications.As a result the study found a number of 16 cases of suppurative complications out of a total number of 224 acute pancreatitis (7.14%). The acute pancreatitis with suppurative complications was most frequent of biliary etiology (56.2%). All suppurations have occurred on serious necrotizing hemorrhagic acute pancreatitis background. The major elements that contributed to determining the diagnosis were: systemic toxicity, the permanent sepsis, the association of multiple organ failure, but the element that provided certainty in the diagnosis was the computed tomography (CT scan). The surgical mortality was 18.7%.The acute pancreatitis that evolves unfavorable under medical treatment must be operated. Necrotic tissues and purulent collections must be evacuated and drained efficiently. Open drainage through laparotomy lowered postoperative mortality. The early surgical intervention had a favorable effect on the prognostic.

Published
2004

22. [Our experience regarding neoplasms of the extrahepatic bile ducts]

Author

D, Vâlceanu, Cr, Nica, S, Olariu, and S, Blaj

Subjects
Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Male, Treatment Outcome, Bile Duct Neoplasms, Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic, Carcinoma, Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

We tried to study the cases of extrahepatic bile ducts tumors and to emphasize the main diagnosis methods in therapeutic--efficient phases.This is a retrospective statistical study of nine years of experience (1993-2001); in this time there were admitted 34 patients diagnosed with neoplasm of the extrahepatic bile ducts and periampular carcinoma. In this study we included patients with malignant tumors of the gallbladder, of the choledocus, with Klatskin's tumor and with cancers of the ampulla of Vater. The patients were between 37 and 83 years old (an average of 64.6 yr.). The sex ratio, M/F, was 1.83/1.The most frequent sites were: the gallbladder (41%), followed by the ampullar carcinomas (26%), Klatskin's tumors (18%) and the tumors of the choledocus (15%). The peak of incidence was found in the eighth life decade (11 cases). The survival in this study group was significantly influenced by the time of the diagnosis. The results of this study confirm once more the severity of these tumors and the major difficulties of the early diagnosis.The only chance for a significant survival in these patients is offered by an early diagnosis. The therapeutical options are centered by the extended resection of the tumors. The prognosis is darkened by the advanced degree of evolution in the moment of the diagnosis.

Published
2004

24. [ A new technique for the treatment of varicose veins]

Author

V, Ivan, M, Teodorescu, M, Tilincă, D, Radu, S, Olariu, S, Pop, I, Icma, C, Ivan, M, Mogoşanu, T, Puşcaşiu, and D, Banciu

Subjects
Adult, Male, Varicose Veins, Adolescent, Polyethylene Terephthalates, Humans, Female, Saphenous Vein, Femoral Vein, Vascular Surgical Procedures, Follow-Up Studies, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

The thoroughgoing study of the venous wall and venous flow using fundamental research and diagnostic techniques allowed us to apply new therapeutic methods in the primary varicose veins of the lower extremities (PVV). The aim of the present study is to present a relatively new method of conservative surgical treatment which combine the external valvuloplasty technique with the technique proposed by Franceschi (TF).Between 1992-2000 we applied on 25 patients with PVV Mach II, the technique of external muffing of the long saphenous vein from its junction with the common femoral vein retrograde for 6-8 cm, for a venous diameter of 0.5 cm interrupting at the same time the long or the short ebbing (clinical and Doppler criterions). In 5 patients we performed the valvuloplasty using TF. The patients were annually evaluated; in the present we have a group of 10 patients up to 8 years after surgery.1. Conservative methods of external valvuloplasty associate with Franceschi technique have a solid physiopathologic and pathogenic basement. 2. The materials used for the external muffing (Dacron, PTTF, polyamide net) are very well tolerate. 3. Relapses were present in 8 years at 30% and in 5 years at 10% of the patients who undergo the operation.

Published
2003

27. A generalization of chvátal's star-cutset lemma

Author

S. Olariu

Subjects
Discrete mathematics, Lemma (mathematics), Strong perfect graph theorem, Computer Science Applications, Theoretical Computer Science, Combinatorics, Trivially perfect graph, Chordal graph, Signal Processing, Perfect graph, Perfect graph theorem, Pairwise comparison, Chromatic scale, Information Systems, Mathematics
Abstract

A graph is perfect if for each of its induced subgraphs H, the chromatic number χ(H) of H equals the largest number ω(H) or pairwise adjacent vertices in H. We present a new property of minimal imperfect graphs which implies Chvatals well-known Star-Cutset Lemma, and which gives a new characterization of perfect graphs.

Published
1990
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28. Randomized scalable checkerboard geometries: The electrostatic problem

Author

Sophie Lasquellec, Christian Brosseau, and C. S. Olariu

Subjects
Permittivity, Physics, Field (physics), Stochastic process, business.industry, Gaussian, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, Dielectric, Topological defect, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, symbols.namesake, Optics, Checkerboard, symbols, Statistical physics, business, Scaling
Abstract

Motivated by the spate of recent experimental and theoretical interest in effective dielectric properties of composite materials, we consider randomised scalable checkerboard geometries. Earlier calculations of their effective permittivity are subject to various numerical difficulties which give rise to significant errors, especially for high permittivity contrast ratio between the phases. We describe a numerical protocol for estimating the permittivity with attention to its application in the analysis of randomization of phases and scaling. We apply this protocol to different N × N checkerboard geometries and provide explicit calculations of the effective permittivity and field average. We also discuss, in detail, the influence that topological defects, i.e., phase contacts at corners, have on the effective dielectric properties. The associated statistics of the permittivity for the half-filling case is Gaussian for small permittivity ratios. Our results support the suggestion that the deviation function...

Published
2013
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30. Low field permittivity of ferroelectric-ferrite ceramic composites: Experiment and modeling

Author

Liliana Mitoseriu, Cristina E. Ciomaga, Leontin Padurariu, Andrei Victor Sandu, C. S. Olariu, and Carmen Galassi

Subjects
Permittivity, Materials science, Filling factor, Ferroelectric ceramics, APPLICABILITY, General Physics and Astronomy, Relative permittivity, Dielectric, DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT, Finite element method, DESIGN, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Ferrite (magnet), Ceramic, Composite material
Abstract

The dielectric properties of xNiFe2O4-(1-x)Pb0.988(Zr0.52Ti0.48)0.976Nb0.024O3 ceramic composites with different volume filling factors (x = 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 wt. %) prepared by sol-gel method have been investigated in the frequency range (106 ÷ 109) Hz. A reducing effective permittivity with increasing the ferrite amount was observed as result of the "sum property." The experimental results have been compared with the effective permittivity values predicted by effective medium approximation (EMA) models and finite element method (FEM) calculations. The comparison was aimed to evaluate the appropriateness of the results of the two approaches in describing the effective dielectric properties of the composite with contrasting permittivities and to understand the role of microstructural characteristics on the dielectric response in a broad filling factor range. The best description of the experimental data in overall filling factor range is given by the results of FEM calculations which used realistic microstructures and among the EMA models, by the Lichtenecker's formula.

Published
2012
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32. Complex Numbers in N Dimensions

Author

S. Olariu and S. Olariu

Subjects
Numbers, Complex
Abstract

Two distinct systems of hypercomplex numbers in n dimensions are introduced in this book, for which the multiplication is associative and commutative, and which are rich enough in properties such that exponential and trigonometric forms exist and the concepts of analytic n-complex function, contour integration and residue can be defined.The first type of hypercomplex numbers, called polar hypercomplex numbers, is characterized by the presence in an even number of dimensions greater or equal to 4 of two polar axes, and by the presence in an odd number of dimensions of one polar axis. The other type of hypercomplex numbers exists as a distinct entity only when the number of dimensions n of the space is even, and since the position of a point is specified with the aid of n/2-1 planar angles, these numbers have been called planar hypercomplex numbers.The development of the concept of analytic functions of hypercomplex variables was rendered possible by the existence of an exponential form of the n-complex numbers. Azimuthal angles, which are cyclic variables, appear in these forms at the exponent, and lead to the concept of n-dimensional hypercomplex residue. Expressions are given for the elementary functions of n-complex variable. In particular, the exponential function of an n-complex number is expanded in terms of functions called in this book n-dimensional cosexponential functionsof the polar and respectively planar type, which are generalizations to n dimensions of the sine, cosine and exponential functions.In the case of polar complex numbers, a polynomial can be written as a product of linear or quadratic factors, although it is interesting that several factorizations are in general possible. In the case of planar hypercomplex numbers, a polynomial can always be written as a product of linear factors, although, again, several factorizations are in general possible.The book presents a detailed analysis of the hypercomplex numbers in 2, 3 and 4 dimensions, then presents the properties of hypercomplex numbers in 5 and 6 dimensions, and it continues with a detailed analysis of polar and planar hypercomplex numbers in n dimensions. The essence of this book is the interplay between the algebraic, the geometric and the analytic facets of the relations.

Published
2002

33. Enhancement ofγ-Ray Absorption in the Radiation Field of a High-Power Laser

Author

Carl B. Collins, S. Olariu, M. Petrascu, and Iovitzu Popescu

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear reaction, Photon, Atomic electron transition, Absorption cross section, General Physics and Astronomy, Order (ring theory), Atomic physics, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Electromagnetic radiation, Excitation
Abstract

This paper reports an analytic estimate of the cross section for the absorption of a $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray photon when the nuclear recoil is compensated by the simultaneous absorption of an optical photon from the radiation field of a high-power laser. A multiphonon transition model is developed and cross sections of the order of 1 ${\mathrm{fm}}^{2}$ are obtained when nearly resonant intermediate states of nuclear excitation are assumed to lie within a few tens of eV of the transition energy.

Published
1979
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34. Nuclear Multiphoton Transitions Induced by Modulated Hyperfine Electric-Field Gradients

Author

Carl B. Collins, S. Olariu, M. Sorescu, and Iovitzu Popescu

Subjects
Materials science, Sideband, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, Dielectric, Ferroelectricity, Crystal, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Electric field, Mössbauer spectroscopy, Atomic physics, Hyperfine structure, Electric field gradient
Abstract

We consider the possibility that multiphoton sidebands to Mossbauer transitions should be produced for nuclei embedded in displacive-type ferroelectric crystals in the paraelectric phase, by modulating the hyperfine electric-field gradient acting at the nuclear sites with the aid of an electric radiofrequency field. It is calculated that the intensity of the first-order sideband to the 14.4 keV transition of 57Fe, incorporated in a BaTiO3 crystal having a dielectric constant of 3 · 103, becomes 9% of the intensity of the parent line when the crystal is polarized by a static electric field of 107 V/m and a parallel radiofrequency electric field of 3 · 106 V/m, oscillating at 2.9 MHz.

Published
1986
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35. The coherent and incoherent pumping of a gamma ray laser with intense optical radiation

Author

Brett DePaola, Carl B. Collins, F. W. Lee, D. M. Shemwell, S. Olariu, and Iovitzu Popescu

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Gamma ray, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, Radiation, Laser, Electromagnetic radiation, law.invention, Optical pumping, Optics, law, Optical radiation, Stimulated emission, Atomic physics, business, Excitation
Abstract

Both the coherent and incoherent pumping with intense optical radiation of electromagnetic transitions in nuclei were modeled in this work. In the first case the anti‐Stokes upconversion of conventional laser radiation was shown to be a potentially viable means for pumping a γ‐ray laser. With the most favorable possible arrangement of nuclear energy levels, the threshold for stimulated output at 10 keV might be reached at a few tens of Joules for isomeric media with lifetimes of the order of tens of years. Whether such an arrangement of excited states actually exists will require additional experimentation. In the case of the incoherent pumping of nuclear material, the resonant excitation of energetic states of nuclei by x radiation from laser plasmas or exploding wires was modeled with results similar to those for the case of coherent pumping. Thresholds for stimulated output could be as low as a few hundred Joules into the primary laser pulse producing the x‐ray flash. Again the possibilities were found to be critically dependent upon unknown parameters, particularly upon the efficiency for the conversion of input energy into x rays. The overall possibilities for the excitation of a γ‐ray laser with optical pumping were concluded to be reasonably encouraging and the need for additional spectroscopic data was clearly defined.

Published
1982
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36. New lasers, VUV sources

Author

Carlton G Willson, Keith Boyer, R. Hilblg, Ph. Dabkiewicz, Burn Jeng Lin, L. A. Bloomfield, M. D. Levenson, R. W. Waynant, Kantilal Jain, M. Rothschild, Richard R. Freeman, R. Wallenstein, Jeffrey Bokor, H. Egger, T. Srinivasan, B. Couillaud, R. M. Jopson, T. S. Luk, I. Iovitzu Popescu, D. M. Shemwell, D. F. Muller, B. Rückle, H. Pummer, C. K. Rhodes, W. E. Cooke, S. Olariu, H. Schomburg, H. F. Döbele, Theodor W. Hänsch, Brett DePaola, Carl B. Collins, F. W. Lee, and H. Gerhardt

Subjects
Quantum optics, Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), law, business.industry, General Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, Optoelectronics, Laser, business, law.invention
Published
1982
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37. The quantum effects of electromagnetic fluxes

Author

Iovitzu Popescu and S. Olariu

Subjects
Physics, Gravitation, Phase factor, Current (mathematics), Quantum electrodynamics, Quantum mechanics, General Physics and Astronomy, Observable, Quantum dissipation, Charged particle, Action (physics), Interpretation (model theory)
Abstract

This paper is a review of the problem of the observable action of enclosed electromagnetic fluxes on the quantum-mechanical state of charged particles, known as the Aharonov-Bohm effect. The authors first describe the quantum effects of the fluxes in the quasiclassical approximation, and discuss their relation with basic quantum-mechanical principles. Then they examine the influence of modeling assumptions on the predicted effects of enclosed fluxes. They analyze the experiments demonstrating the reality of the quantum effects of electromagnetic and gravitational fluxes, and finally discuss the physical significance of these quantum effects, comparing the current interpretation, based on the concept of a nonintegrable phase factor, with alternative approaches.

Published
1985
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38. Quantum effects of electromagnetic fluxes in simply connected spaces

Author

S. Olariu

Subjects
Physics, Open quantum system, Photon, Classical mechanics, Quantum state, Quantum mechanics, Quantum process, Observable, First quantization, Quantum dissipation, Wave function collapse
Abstract

We show that, if the prediction of quantum effects of enclosed electromagnetic fluxes is eliminated from theory by the use of discontinuous wave functions, that leads to the prediction of observable effects depending on the amount of fluxexternal to the system under consideration, a circumstance which is contrary to observation. We conclude that in a simply connected space the wave functions representing the state of the charged particles in the Aharonov-Bohm experiment are single valued and continuous.

Published
1988
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39. Scattering of charged particles by magnetic strings

Author

S. Olariu and Iovitzu Popescu

Subjects
Electromagnetic field, Physics, symbols.namesake, Amplitude, Field (physics), Scattering, Quantum electrodynamics, symbols, Plane wave, Aharonov–Bohm effect, String (physics), Charged particle
Abstract

In this paper we consider the scattering of charged particles by magnetic strings for several configurations of the incident state and of the enclosed flux. We analyze the scattering of a plane wave by an infinite magnetic string and show that the scattering contribution arises from flux-dependent phase shifts followed by quantum diffusion. Then we report that the amplitude for the scattering of a wave packet of finite extension by a magnetic string becomes exponentially small as the width of the packet goes to zero. At the same time the phase at the center of the incident wave packet is progressively shifted by an amount proportional to the enclosed flux, as predicted on the basis of the quasiclassical approximation. We consider further the scattering by a pair of parallel strings carrying opposite fluxes and show that the probability pattern is affected by the magnetic fluxes mainly in the vicinity of a finite surface spanning the two strings. We finally discuss the relevance for the Aharonov-Bohm effect of the multivalued gauge transformations which eliminate the potentials from the field-free region. The results reported in this paper confirm the reality of the quantum effects of remote fluxes, and prove that the state of the electromagnetic field is not completely determined by the local knowledge of the field strengths.

Published
1983
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40. Questions of gauge and basis sets for the representation of electromagnetic interactions in quantum mechanics

Author

Iovitzu Popescu, S. Olariu, and Carl B. Collins

Subjects
Physics, Gauge boson, Introduction to gauge theory, Lorenz gauge condition, Classical mechanics, Hamiltonian lattice gauge theory, Supersymmetric gauge theory, Quantum mechanics, Observable, Gauge theory, Gauge anomaly
Abstract

Recent concerns about the gauge dependence of transition amplitudes describing the changes of state of quantized systems interacting with electromagnetic radiations have led to the development of invariant schemes for the expression of the time-dependent quantities involved. It is shown in this work that such schemes are not uniquely specified by the requirement for gauge invariance. Moreover, they simply exchange a dependence upon the gauge of the electromagnetic potentials for a previously unrecognized dependence upon the representation of basis states describing initial and final states of the process that is equivalent to a dependence upon gauge. However, general expressions are developed in this work which show that resonant transitions which correspond to physically observable processes involving the pure or mixed absorption and emission of $N$ photons are gauge invariant regardless of the multipolarity of the transition moments and independent of the representation of the basis states of the system. A preferred representation is introduced which is shown to accommodate the physical effects generally encountered.

Published
1979
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41. Multiphoton generation of optical sidebands to nuclear transitions

Author

Iovitzu Popescu, Carl B. Collins, and S. Olariu

Subjects
Physics, Massless particle, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photon, Elementary particle, Optical radiation, Atomic physics, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Electromagnetic radiation, Spectral line, Line (formation)
Abstract

Recent calculations have shown that multiphoton transitions in a nucleus that involve a ..gamma..-ray photon could be induced by intense fields of optical radiation. The effect of such transitions was predicted to be a shift of the ..gamma..-ray energy by the addition or subtraction of the energy of the optical photon. A literature search has shown that such optical sidebands have been observed in certain instances on the /sup 57/Fe Moessbauer line at 14 keV and not satisfactorily explained by conventional models. This work reports the formulation and evaluation of the multiphoton model for the values of experimental variables appropriate to those experiments. Using no fitted parameters, remarkable agreement was obtained between the predictions of the multiphoton theory and the previously reported results.

Published
1981
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42. Tuning ofγ-ray processes with high power optical radiation

Author

Carl B. Collins, Iovitzu Popescu, and S. Olariu

Subjects
Nuclear reaction, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics::Optics, Laser, Electromagnetic radiation, law.invention, symbols.namesake, law, symbols, Production (computer science), Optical radiation, Absorption (logic), Atomic physics, Raman scattering
Abstract

This paper reports the examination of the general problem of multiphoton processes which might occur at the nuclear level when one of the photons belongs to an intense radiation field of optical frequencies. Transition probabilities are reported which relate the rates for $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray transitions induced by the optical radiation to the Breit-Wigner cross sections for the absorption or emission of single $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ photons. In emission the induced processes of both anti-Stokes Raman scattering and two-photon emission are considered and both are found to lead to the generation of tunable $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ radiation. Transition probabilities are calculated to be large enough to support the production of usable spectral sources that could be tuned over a range of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray energies approximately ${10}^{3}$ times greater than can be realized by conventional M\"ossbauer techniques. Analogous possibilities for the detection of nuclear reactions induced by intense optical fields also have been evaluated in this work.NUCLEAR REACTIONS Calculated $B$ for multiphoton absorption; $\ensuremath{\gamma}$+ optical photon from laser.

Published
1981
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43. Laser-induced resonant absorption ofγradiation

Author

Iovitzu Popescu, Carl B. Collins, M. Petrascu, and S. Olariu

Subjects
Electromagnetic field, Physics, Nuclear reaction, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photon, Absorption cross section, Physics::Optics, Laser, Electromagnetic radiation, law.invention, Recoil, law, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
Abstract

This paper reports an analytic estimate developed from a multiphoton model of the cross section for the absorption of a $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray photon when the nuclear recoil is compensated by the simultaneous absorption of an optical photon from the radiation field of a high power laser. Tabulated data show 22 experimentally accessible nuclear transitions which might be expected to demonstrate this effect.NUCLEAR REACTIONS Calculated $B(E1)$ for multiphoton absorption; $\ensuremath{\gamma}$+optical photon from laser.

Published
1979
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44. Contents, Vol. 20, 1996

Author

S. Olariu, H.-E. Stegner, T. Schapira, D. Krebs, Lidia Faddei, R. Asakuma, L. Schuller, M. Nachtigal, I. Lörincz, Iris Cojolaru, N. Šipuš, M. Lipozenčić, I. Padovan, and Y. Ito

Subjects
Cancer Research, Oncology, General Medicine
Published
1966
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45. Electromagnetic interactions in multiconnected spaces

Author

S. Olariu and Iovitzu Popescu

Subjects
Combinatorics, Physics, Free state, Quantum mechanics, State (functional analysis)
Abstract

We consider the concept of gauge-independent parity ${I}_{\ensuremath{\Pi}}$ with respect to a certain plane \ensuremath{\Pi} of a square-integrable state \ensuremath{\Psi}, ${I}_{\ensuremath{\Pi}}$=F${\ensuremath{\Psi}}^{\mathrm{*}}$(Q)\ensuremath{\Psi}(${Q}_{+}$)exp[(iq /\ensuremath{\Elzxh}c) ${\mathcal{F}}_{{Q}_{+}}^{Q}$ A\ensuremath{\cdot}ds]${d}^{3}$Q, where the points Q and ${Q}_{+}$ are symmetric relative to \ensuremath{\Pi}. We show that the parity of state ${I}_{\ensuremath{\Pi}}$ can be expressed as an average of the nonintegrable phase factor ${R}_{\mathrm{PQ}{Q}_{+}\mathrm{TP}}$=exp/me punds his head into the wall[(iq/\ensuremath{\Elzxh}c)${\mathcal{F}}_{\mathrm{PQ}{Q}_{+}\mathrm{TP}}$ (c\ensuremath{\varphi} dt-A\ensuremath{\cdot}dr)] over all loops ${\mathrm{PQQ}}_{+}$TP connecting the points P,T in the field-free incidence region to the points Q,${Q}_{+}$ in the field-free region where ${I}_{\ensuremath{\Pi}}$ is being observed. In the case of the scattering by an infinite magnetic string carrying the flux F, we find that the parity of a state which was symmetric in the incidence region becomes cos(qF/\ensuremath{\Elzxh}c) in the observing region behind the string. The measurement of the parity of a free state is discussed.

Published
1986

46. Primary malignant lymphogranulomatosis of the stomach associated with pregnancy

Author

S. Olariu, T. Schapira, L. Schuller, I. Lörincz, and Iris Cojolaru

Subjects
Malignant lymphogranulomatosis, Adult, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Pregnancy, business.industry, General surgery, Stomach, MEDLINE, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Gastroenterology, Hodgkin Disease, Pregnancy Complications, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, Stomach Neoplasms, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Female, business
Published
1966

47. Overview of JET results

Author

F. Romanelli, F. Laxaback, I. Abel, V. Afanesyev, G. Agarici, K. M. Aggarwal, M. Airila, R. Akers, T.h. Alarcon, A. Alexeev, A. Alfier, P. Allan, S. Almaviva, A. Alonso, M. Alonso, B. Alper, H. Altmann, D. Alves, V. Amosov, G. Anda, F. Andersson, E. Andersson Sund́en, V. Andreev, Y. Andrew, M. Angelone, M. Anghel, A. Anghel, C. Angioni, G. Apruzzese, N. Arcis, P. Arena, A. Argouarch, M. Ariola, A. Armitano, R. Armstrong, G. Arnoux, S. Arshad, G. Artaserse, J. F. Artaud, A. Ash, E. Asp, O. Asunta, C. V. Atanasiu, G. Atkins, M. D. Axton, C. Ayres, A. Baciero, V. Bailescu, B. Baiocchi, R. A. Baker, I. Balboa, C. Balorin, N. Balshaw, J. W. Banks, Y. F. Baranov, D. Barbier, I. L. Barlow, M. A. Barnard, R. Barnsley, L. Barrena, L. Barrera, M. Baruzzo, V. Basiuk, G. Bateman, P. Batistoni, N. Baumgarten, L. Baylor, B. Bazylev, P. S. Beaumont, K. Beausang, M. B́ecoulet, N. Bekris, M. Beldishevski, A. C. Bell, F. Belli, M. Bellinger, P. S. A. Belo, ́.E. Belonohy, P. E. Bennett, N. A. Benterman, G. Berger By, H. Bergsåker, H. Berk, J. Bernardo, B. Bertrand, M. N. A. Beurskens, B. Bieg, B. Bienkowska, T. Biewer, T. M. Biewer, M. Bigi, R. Bilato, J. Bird, J. Bizarro, T. R. Blackman, P. Blanchard, E. Blanco, J. Blum, V. Bobkov, A. Boboc, D. Boilson, I. Bolshakova, T. Bolzonella, L. Boncagni, G. Bonheure, X. Bonnin, D. Borba, A. Borthwick, A. Botrugno, C. Boulbe, F. Bouquey, C. Bourdelle, K. v. Bovert, M. Bowden, T. Boyce, H. J. Boyer, A. Bozhenkov, R. J. Brade, J. M. A. Bradshaw, J. Braet, V. Braic, G. C. Braithwaite, C. Brault, H. Braune, B. Breizman, S. Bremond, P. D. Brennan, A. Brett, J. Breue, S. Brezinsek, M. D. J. Bright, F. Briscoe, M. Brix, M. Brombin, B. C. Brown, D. P. D. Brown, A. Bruschi, J. Brzozowski, J. Bucalossi, M. A. Buckley, T. Budd, R. Budny, R. V. Budny, P. Bunting, P. Buratti, G. Burcea, P. R. Butcher, R. J. Buttery, R. Caç̃ao, G. Calabr`o, C. P. Callaghan, J. P. Caminade, P. G. Camp, D. C. Campling, J. Canik, B. Cannas, A. J. Capel, P. J. Card, A. Cardinali, T. Carlstrom, P. Carman, D. Carralero, L. Carraro, T. Carter, B. B. Carvalho, P. Carvalho, A. Casati, C. Castaldo, J. Caughman, R. Cavazzana, M. Cavinato, M. Cecconello, F. E. Cecil, A. Cenedese, C. Centioli, R. Cesario, C. D. Challis, M. Chandler, C. Chang, A. Chankin, I. T. Chapman, D. J. Child, P. Chiru, G. Chitarin, I. Chugonov, I. Chugunov, D. Ciric, F. Clairet, R. H. Clarke, R. Clay, M. Clever, J. P. Coad, P. A. Coates, V. Cocilovo, S. Coda, R. Coelho, J. Coenen, I. Coffey, L. Colas, M. Cole, S. Collins, S. Combs, J. Compan, J. E. Conboy, S. Conroy, N. Cook, S. P. Cook, D. Coombs, S. R. Cooper, Y. Corre, G. Corrigan, S. Cortes, D. Coster, G. F. Counsell, X. Courtois, M. Cox, T. Craciunescu, S. Cramp, F. Crisanti, O. Croft, K. Crombe, B. J. Crowley, N. Cruz, L. Cupido, M. Curuia, R. A. Cusack, A. Czarnecka, S. Dalley, E. T. Daly, A. Dalziel, D. Darrow, O. David, N. Davies, J. J. Davis, I. E. Day, C. Day, R. De Angelis, G. deArcas, M. R. de Baar, E. delaCal, E. de la Luna, J. L. de Pablos, G. De Temmerman, P. C. de Vries, F. Degli Agostini, E. Delabie, D. del Castillo Negrete, L. Delpech, G. Denisov, A. J. Denyer, R. F. Denyer, S. Devaux, P. Devynck, L. Di Matteo, L. DiPace, P. J. Dirken, A. Dnestrovskiy, D. Dodt, K. Dominiczak, S. E. Dorling, D. Douai, A. P. Down, P. T. Doyle, J. R. Drake, T. Dreischuh, V. Drozdov, P. Dumortier, D. Dunai, I. Duran, F. Durodíe, K. Dylst, R. Eaton, T. Edlington, A. M. Edwards, D. T. Edwards, P. K. Edwards, T.h. Eich, A. Ekedahl, T. Elevant, A. Elfimov, B. Ellingboe, C. G. Elsmore, B. Emmoth, G. Ericsson, L. G. Eriksson, A. Eriksson, B. Esposito, H. G. Esser, T. Estrada, E. A. Evangelidis, G. E. Evans, G. D. Ewart, D. T. Ewers, G. Falchetto, D. Falie, J. G. A. Fanthome, D. Farina, J. W. Farthing, A. Fasoli, B. Faugeras, N. Fedorczak, R. C. Felton, C. Fenzi, H. Fernandes, J. A. Ferreira, J. Ferreira, J. Ferron, J. A. Fessey, L. Figini, A. Figueiredo, J. Figueiredo, P. Finburg, K. H. Finken, U. Fischer, N. Fitzgerald, J. Flanagan, C. Fleming, A. Fonseca, A. D. Forbes, O. Ford, A. Formisano, D. Fraboulet, R. J. Francis, L. Frassinetti, R. Fresa, J. P. Friconneau, D. Frigione, J. C. Fuchs, K. Fullard, W. Fundamenski, M. Furno Palumbo, J. Gafert, K. Ǵal, R. Galṽao, S. Garavaglia, X. Garbet, J. Garcia, M. Gar cia Munoz, W. Gardner, P. Garibaldi, D. Garnier, L. Garzotti, M. Gatu Johnson, P. Gaudio, E. Gauthier, J. W. Gaze, D. F. Gear, J. Gedney, S. J. Gee, M. Gelfusa, E. Genangeli, S. Gerasimov, A. Geraud, T. Gerbaud, M. Gherendi, N. Ghirelli, J. C. Giacalone, L. Giacomelli, C. S. Gibson, C. Gil, S. J. Gilligan, C. G. Gimblett, D. Gin, E. Giovannozzi, C. Giroud, G. Giruzzi, S. Glowacz, J. Godwin, J. K. Goff, P. Gohil, V. Goloborod’ko, B. Gonçalves, M. Goniche, S. Gonzales, S. M. Gonźalezde Vicente, A. Goodyear, N. Gorelenkov, G. Gorini, R. Goulding, B. Graham, D. Graham, M. E. Graham, G. Granucci, J. Graves, N. R. Green, H. Greuner, E. Grigore, F. S. Griph, C. Grisolia, G. Gros, G. Grossetti, M. Groth, S. Gr̈unhagen, M. P. Gryaznevich, R. Guirlet, B. Gulejova, J. Gunn, A. Gupta, P. Guzdar, P. Hacek, L. J. Hackett, S. Hacquin, B. Haist, A. Hakola, S. J. Hall, S. P. HallworthCook, D. T. Hamilton, H. Han, R. C. Handley, S. Harding, J. D. W. Harling, D. Harting, M. J. Harvey, T. D. V. Haupt, E. Havlickova, N. C. Hawkes, R. Hawryluk, J. H. Hay, N. Hayashi, P. W. Haydon, I. R. Hayward, S. Hazel, P. J. L. Heesterman, W. Heidbrink, J. Heikkinen, C. Hellesen, T. Hellsten, O. N. Hemming, T. C. Hender, M. Henderson, C. Hennig, V. Hennion, C. Hidalgo, S. Higashijima, J. W. Hill, M. Hill, K. Hill, J. Hillairet, D. Hillis, T. Hirai, M. Hitchin, J. Hobirk, C. Hogan, C. H. A. Hogben, G. M. D. Hogeweij, I. C. Hollingham, R. Holyaka, D. A. Homfray, G. Honeyands, S. H. Hong, C. Hopf, B. A. Horn, A. R. Horton, L. D. Horton, S. P. Hotchin, M. R. Hough, W. Houlberg, D. F. Howell, M. Hron, A. Huber, T. M. Huddleston, Z. Hudson, M. Hughes, M. Ḧuhnerbein, C. C. Hume, A. J. Hunt, C. L. Hunter, T. S. Hutchinson, S. Huygen, G. Huysmans, V. Hyn̈onen, S. Ide, R. Igreja, C. Illescas, F. Imbeaux, D. Ivanova, E. Ivings, S. Jachmich, G. Jackson, P. Jacquet, K. Jakubowska, M. Jakubowski, P. V. James, R. J. E. Jaspers, S. Jednorog, I. Jenkins, M. A. C. Jennison, C. Jeskins, O. Jin Kwon, E. Joffrin, M. F. Johnson, R. Johnson, T. Johnson, D. Jolovic, V. Jonauskas, E. M. Jones, G. Jones, H. D. Jones, T. T. C. Jones, M. Jouvet, C. Juṕen, I. Kachtchouk, J. Kaczmarczyk, A. Kallenbach, J. K̈allne, D. Kalupin, S. Ḱalvin, G. Kamelander, R. Kamendje, A. Kappatou, S. Karttunen, W. Kasparek, I. Katramados, M. Kaufmann, G. Kaveney, A. S. Kaye, M. J. Kear, D. L. Keeling, D. Kelliher, M. Kempenaars, P. Khilar, N. G. Kidd, M. Kiisk, K. M. Kim, R. F. King, D. J. Kinna, V. Kiptily, G. Kirnev, N. Kirneva, K. Kirov, A. Kirschner, R. Kisielius, D. Kislov, G. Kiss, T. Kiviniemi, G. Kizane, A. Klein, A. Klix, M. Knaup, K. Kneuper, H. Kneupner, P. J. Knight, S. J. Knipe, M. Kocan, F. K̈ochl, G. Kocsis, C. Konz, T. Koppitz, A. Korotkov, H. R. Koslowski, V. Kotov, M. D. Kovari, K. Kovarik, G. Kramer, A. Krasilnikov, V. Krasilnikov, S. Kraus, A. Kreter, K. Krieger, A. Kritz, Y. Krivchenkov, U. Kruezi, M. Krychowiak, S. Krylov, I. Ksiazek, M. Kubic, S. Kuhn, W. K̈uhnlein, T. Kurki Suonio, A. Kurowski, B. Kuteev, A. Kuyanov, R. La Haye, M. Laan, C. Labate, A. Lachichi, N. Lam, P. Lang, M. T. Large, I. Lassiwe, J. R. Last, K. D. Lawson, M. Laxåback, R. A. Layne, E. Lazzaro, F. LeGuern, B. LeBlanc, H. J. Leggate, M. Lehnen, M. Leigheb, I. Lengar, M. Lennholm, E. Lerche, C. N. Lescure, Y. Li, A. Li Puma, Y. Liang, J. Likonen, Y. Lin, J. Linke, S. A. Linstead, B. Lipshultz, X. Litaudon, A. G. Litvak, Y. Liu, T. Loarer, A. Loarte, R. C. Lobel, P. J. Lomas, F. D. Long, J. L̈onnroth, D. J. Looker, J. Lopez, P.h. Lotte, M. J. Loughlin, A. B. Loving, C. Lowry, T. Luce, R. M. A. Lucock, A. Lukanitsa, A. M. Lungu, C. P. Lungu, A. Lyssoivan, P. Macheta, A. S. Mackenzie, M. Macrae, G. Maddaluno, G. P. Maddison, J. Madsen, P. Maget, C. Maggi, H. Maier, J. Mailloux, M. Makowski, C. J. Manning, M. Mansfield, M. E. Manso, P. Mantica, M. Mantsinen, M. Maraschek, C. Marchetto, M. A. Marchitti, M. Mardenfeld, J. L. Marechal, M. Marinelli, A. Marinoni, M. Marinucci, J. M̈arki, D. Marocco, C. A. Marren, D. Martin, D. L. Martin, G. Martin, Y. Martin, J. R. Mart́ın Soĺıs, K. Masaki, A. Masiello, M. Maslov, C. Maszl, A. Matilal, M. Mattei, G. F. Matthews, F. Maviglia, C. R. May, M. Mayer, M. L. Mayoral, D. Mazon, C. Mazzotta, E. Mazzucato, P. McCarthy, K. G. McClements, K. McCormick, P. A. McCullen, D. McCune, D. C. McDonald, R. Mcgregor, J. P. Mckivitt, A. Meakins, F. Medina, A. G. Meigs, M. Menard, L. Meneses, S. Menmuir, I. R. Merrigan, P.h. Mertens, A. Messiaen, H. Meyer, M. Miele, P. Migliucci, A. G. Miller, S. F. Mills, J. J. Milnes, K. Min Kim, T. Mindham, F. Mirizzi, E. Mirones, M. Mironov, R. Mitteau, J. Mlynar, P. Mollard, I. Monakhov, P. Monier Garbet, R. Mooney, S. Moradi, D. Moreau, P.h. Moreau, L. Moreira, A. Morgan, P. D. Morgan, C. Morlock, A. Moro, A. W. Morris, G. L. Mort, C. Mrozek, A. Mueck, H. W. M̈uller, M. Murakami, A. Murari, I. Mustata, F. Nabais, E. Nardon, G. Nash, V. Naulin, M. F. F. Nave, R. Nazikian, I. Nedzelski, C. R. Negus, J. D. Neilson, A. Neto, R. Neu, O. Neubauer, G. J. Newbert, M. Newman, K. J. Nicholls, A. Nicolai, L. Nicolas, P. Nieckchen, P. Nielsen, A. H. Nielsen, S. K. Nielsen, G. Nielson, J. Nieto, M. P. S. Nightingale, C. Noble, M. Nocente, M. Nora, H. Nordman, M. Norman, J. M. Noterdaeme, S. Nowak, I. Nunes, F. Ognissanto, T. O’Gorman, S. Olariu, A. Oleynikov, M. O’Mullane, J. Ongena, F. Orsitto, O. I. Oswuigwe, M. Ottaviani, N. Oyama, D. Pacella, K. Paget, S. Palazzo, J. Pamela, S. Pamela, R. Panek, L. Pangione, A. Panin, T.h. Panis, A. Pankin, A. Pantea, V. Parail, T.h. Parisot, A. Parkin, A. Parsloe, B. T. Parsons, R. Pasqualotto, P. Pastor, R. Paterson, M. K. Paul, D. Peach, R. J. H. Pearce, B. J. Pearson, I. J. Pearson, L. C. Pedrick, M. A. Pedrosa, B. Pegourie, R. Pereira, E. Perelli Cippo, G. Pereverzev, A. Perevezentsev, C.h. PerezvonThun, V. Pericoli Ridolfini, A. Perona, Y. Perrot, S. Peruzzo, S. Peschanyy, G. Petravich, L. Petrizzi, V. Petrov, V. Petrzilka, V. Philipps, G. Piazza, F. Piccolo, A. Pietropaolo, M. Pillon, S. D. Pinches, T. Pinna, G. Pintsuk, P. Piovesan, F. Pisano, R. Pitts, B. Plaum, V. Plyusnin, M. Polasik, F. M. Poli, N. Pomaro, O. Pompilian, L. Poncet, P. J. Pool, S. Popovichev, F. Porcelli, M. T. Porfiri, C. Portafaix, A. Pospieszczyk, G. Possnert, G. Prestopino, P. Prior, R. Prokopowicz, I. Proverbio, R. Pugno, M. E. Puiatti, K. Purahoo, V. Pustovitov, T.h. P̈utterich, D. P̈uttmann Kneupner, E. Rachlew, R. Rademaker, T. Rafiq, M. S. J. Rainford, G. Ramogida, K. Rantam̈aki, J. Rapp, J. J. Rasmussen, G. Ratt́a, G. Ravera, M. Reich, R. Reichle, D. Reiser, R. Reiss, D. Reiter, D. Rendell, C. Reux, G. Rewoldt, T. T. Ribeiro, V. Riccardo, D. Richards, F. Rigollet, F. G. Rimini, L. Rios, M. Riva, J. E. C. Roberts, R. J. Robins, D. S. Robinson, S. A. Robinson, D. W. Robson, H. Roche, M. R̈odig, N. Rodionov, V. Rohde, A. Rolfe, M. Romanelli, A. Romano, J. Romero, E. Ronchi, S. Rosanvallon, C.h. Roux, S. Rowe, M. Rubel, L. Ruchko, M. Ruiz, C. Ruset, M. Russell, A. Ruth, L. Ryc, A. Rydzy, F. Ryter, J. Rzadkiewicz, S. Saarelma, F. Sabathier, R. Sabot, S. Sadakov, P. Sagar, G. Saibene, A. Saille, F. Saint Laurent, A. Salmi, R. Salomaa, F. Salzedas, U. Samm, P. Sanchez, S. Sanders, S. G. Sanders, G. Sandford, K. Sandland, P. Sandquist, D. E. G. Sands, M. I. K. Santala, F. Sartori, R. Sartori, O. Sauter, A. Savelyev, A. Savtchkov, S. C. Scales, A. Scarabosio, N. Schaefer, C.h. Schlatter, V. Schmidt, A. Schmidt, O. Schmitz, S. Schmuck, M. Schneider, M. Scholz, K. Scḧopf, B. Schweer, J. Schweinzer, B. Scott, M. Seki, L. Semeraro, A. Semerok, G. Sergienko, F. Serra, M. Sertoli, M. M. J. Shannon, S. E. Sharapov, S. R. Shaw, A. Shevelev, R. Sievering, C. A. Silva, P. A. Simmons, A. Simonetto, D. Simpson, S. Sipila, A. C. C. Sips, A. Sirinelli, H. Sj̈ostrand, D. Skopintsev, K. S.l.a.b.k.o.w.s.k.a., P. G. Smith, J. Snipes, L. Snoj, S. Snyder, S. Soare, E. R. Solano, S. Soldatov, A. Soleto, W. Solomon, C. Soltane, P. Sonato, A. Sopplesa, A. Sorrentino, J. Sousa, C. B. C. Sowden, C. Sozzi, P. Sp̈ah, T. Spelzini, J. Spence, F. Spineanu, P. Spuig, A. Sẗabler, R. D. Stagg, M. F. Stamp, V. Stancalie, P. Stangeby, C. Stan Sion, D. E. Starkey, M. J. Stead, A. V. Stephen, A. L. Stevens, J. Stober, R. B. Stokes, D. Stork, D. Stoyanov, J. Strachan, P. Strand, M. Stransky, D. Strauss, D. Strintzi, W. Studholme, Y. SuNa, F. Subba, H. P. Summers, Y. Sun, C. Surdu Bob, E. Surrey, D. J. Sutton, J. Svensson, D. Swain, B. D. Syme, I. D. Symonds, T. Szepesi, A. Szydlowski, F. Tabares, V. Takalo, H. Takenaga, T. Tala, A. R. Talbot, C. Taliercio, C. Tame, G. Tardini, M. Tardocchi, L. Taroni, G. Telesca, A. Terra, A. O. Terrington, D. Testa, J. M. Theis, J. D. Thomas, P. D. Thomas, P. R. Thomas, V. K. Thompson, H. Thomsen, C. Thomser, A. Thyagaraja, P. A. Tigwell, I. Tiseanu, R. Tivey, J. M. Todd, T. N. Todd, M. Z. Tokar, S. Tosti, P. Trabuc, J. M. Travere, W. Treutterer, P. Trimble, A. Trkov, E. Trukhina, M. Tsalas, H. Tsige Tamirat, E. Tsitrone, D. Tskhakaya jun, O. Tudisco, S. Tugarinov, M. M. Turner, G. Turri, S. G. J. Tyrrell, N. Umeda, B. Unterberg, H. Urano, A. J. Urquhart, I. Uytdenhouwen, A. Vaccaro, A. P. Vadgama, G. Vagliasindi, D. Valcarcel, M. Valisa, J. Vallory, M. Valovic, D. Van Eester, B. van Milligen, G. J. van Rooij, C. A. F. Varandas, S. Vartanian, V. Vdovin, J. Vega, G. Verdoolaege, J. M. Verger, L. Vermare, C. Verona, T.h. Versloot, M. Vervier, J. Vicente, S. Villari, E. Villedieu, F. Villone, J. E. Vince, G. J. Vine, B. Viola, E. Vitale, R. Vitelli, M. Vlad, I. Voitsekhovitch, M. Vrancken, K. Vulliez, C. W. F. Waldon, M. Walker, M. J. Walsh, J. Waterhouse, M. L. Watkins, M. J. Watson, T. Wauters, M. W. Way, C. R. Webb, J. Weiland, H. Weisen, M. Weiszflog, R. Wenninger, A. T. West, J. M. Weulersse, B. Weyssow, M. R. Wheatley, A. D. Whiteford, A. M. Whitehead, A. G. Whitehurst, A. M. Widdowson, R. C. Wieggers, C. Wiegmann, S. Wiesen, A. Wilson, D. Wilson, D. J. Wilson, H. R. Wilson, M. Wischmeier, D. M. Witts, R. C. Wolf, J. Wolowski, P. Woscov, G. M. Wright, J. Wright, G. S. Xu, V. Yavorskij, V. Yerashok, J. Yorkshades, C. Young, D. Young, I. D. Young, X. Yuhong, L. Zabeo, A. Zabolotsky, L. Zaccarian, R. Zagorski, F. S. Zaitsev, S. Zajac, L. Zakharov, R. Zanino, V. Zaroschi, K. D. Zastrow, I. Zatz, B. Zefran, W. Zeidner, M. Zerbini, T. Zhang, Y. Zhu, E. Zilli, O. Zimmermann, V. Zoita, S. Zoletnik, W. Zwingman, JET EFDA Contributors, ALBANESE, Raffaele, AMBROSINO, GIUSEPPE, BELLIZIO, TERESA, CARANNANTE, GIUSEPPE, COCCORESE, VINCENZO, DE TOMMASI, GIANMARIA, MIANO, GIOVANNI, PIRONTI, ALFREDO, QUERCIA, ANTONIO, RUBINACCI, GUGLIELMO, J., Pamela, EMILIA R., Solano, AND JET EFDA, Contributor, J. M., Adam, G., Agarici, M., Agarici, H., Akhter, Albanese, Raffaele, Romanelli, F., Laxaback, F., Abel, I., Afanesyev, V., Agarici, G., Aggarwal, K. M., Airila, M., Akers, R., Alarcon, T. h., Alexeev, A., Alfier, A., Allan, P., Almaviva, S., Alonso, A., Alonso, M., Alper, B., Altmann, H., Alves, D., Ambrosino, Giuseppe, Amosov, V., Anda, G., Andersson, F., Andersson Sund́en, E., Andreev, V., Andrew, Y., Angelone, M., Anghel, M., Anghel, A., Angioni, C., Apruzzese, G., Arcis, N., Arena, P., Argouarch, A., Ariola, M., Armitano, A., Armstrong, R., Arnoux, G., Arshad, S., Artaserse, G., Artaud, J. F., Ash, A., Asp, E., Asunta, O., Atanasiu, C. V., Atkins, G., Axton, M. D., Ayres, C., Baciero, A., Bailescu, V., Baiocchi, B., Baker, R. A., Balboa, I., Balorin, C., Balshaw, N., Banks, J. W., Baranov, Y. F., Barbier, D., Barlow, I. L., Barnard, M. A., Barnsley, R., Barrena, L., Barrera, L., Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V., Bateman, G., Batistoni, P., Baumgarten, N., Baylor, L., Bazylev, B., Beaumont, P. S., Beausang, K., B́ecoulet, M., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, A. C., Belli, F., Bellinger, M., Bellizio, Teresa, Belo, P. S. A., Belonohy, ́. E., Bennett, P. E., Benterman, N. A., Berger By, G., Bergsåker, H., Berk, H., Bernardo, J., Bertrand, B., Beurskens, M. N. A., Bieg, B., Bienkowska, B., Biewer, T., Biewer, T. M., Bigi, M., Bilato, R., Bird, J., Bizarro, J., Blackman, T. R., Blanchard, P., Blanco, E., Blum, J., Bobkov, V., Boboc, A., Boilson, D., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Boncagni, L., Bonheure, G., Bonnin, X., Borba, D., Borthwick, A., Botrugno, A., Boulbe, C., Bouquey, F., Bourdelle, C., Bovert, K. v., Bowden, M., Boyce, T., Boyer, H. J., Bozhenkov, A., Brade, R. J., Bradshaw, J. M. A., Braet, J., Braic, V., Braithwaite, G. C., Brault, C., Braune, H., Breizman, B., Bremond, S., Brennan, P. D., Brett, A., Breue, J., Brezinsek, S., Bright, M. D. J., Briscoe, F., Brix, M., Brombin, M., Brown, B. C., Brown, D. P. D., Bruschi, A., Brzozowski, J., Bucalossi, J., Buckley, M. A., Budd, T., Budny, R., Budny, R. V., Bunting, P., Buratti, P., Burcea, G., Butcher, P. R., Buttery, R. J., Caç̃ao, R., Calabr`o, G., Callaghan, C. P., Caminade, J. P., Camp, P. G., Campling, D. C., Canik, J., Cannas, B., Capel, A. J., Carannante, Giuseppe, Card, P. J., Cardinali, A., Carlstrom, T., Carman, P., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carter, T., Carvalho, B. B., Carvalho, P., Casati, A., Castaldo, C., Caughman, J., Cavazzana, R., Cavinato, M., Cecconello, M., Cecil, F. E., Cenedese, A., Centioli, C., Cesario, R., Challis, C. D., Chandler, M., Chang, C., Chankin, A., Chapman, I. T., Child, D. J., Chiru, P., Chitarin, G., Chugonov, I., Chugunov, I., Ciric, D., Clairet, F., Clarke, R. H., Clay, R., Clever, M., Coad, J. P., Coates, P. A., Coccorese, Vincenzo, Cocilovo, V., Coda, S., Coelho, R., Coenen, J., Coffey, I., Colas, L., Cole, M., Collins, S., Combs, S., Compan, J., Conboy, J. E., Conroy, S., Cook, N., Cook, S. P., Coombs, D., Cooper, S. R., Corre, Y., Corrigan, G., Cortes, S., Coster, D., Counsell, G. F., Courtois, X., Cox, M., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Crisanti, F., Croft, O., Crombe, K., Crowley, B. J., Cruz, N., Cupido, L., Curuia, M., Cusack, R. A., Czarnecka, A., Dalley, S., Daly, E. T., Dalziel, A., Darrow, D., David, O., Davies, N., Davis, J. J., Day, I. E., Day, C., De Angelis, R., Dearcas, G., de Baar, M. R., Delacal, E., de la Luna, E., de Pablos, J. L., De Temmerman, G., DE TOMMASI, Gianmaria, de Vries, P. C., Degli Agostini, F., Delabie, E., del Castillo Negrete, D., Delpech, L., Denisov, G., Denyer, A. J., Denyer, R. F., Devaux, S., Devynck, P., Di Matteo, L., Dipace, L., Dirken, P. J., Dnestrovskiy, A., Dodt, D., Dominiczak, K., Dorling, S. E., Douai, D., Down, A. P., Doyle, P. T., Drake, J. R., Dreischuh, T., Drozdov, V., Dumortier, P., Dunai, D., Duran, I., Durodíe, F., Dylst, K., Eaton, R., Edlington, T., Edwards, A. M., Edwards, D. T., Edwards, P. K., Eich, T. h., Ekedahl, A., Elevant, T., Elfimov, A., Ellingboe, B., Elsmore, C. G., Emmoth, B., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, L. G., Eriksson, A., Esposito, B., Esser, H. G., Estrada, T., Evangelidis, E. A., Evans, G. E., Ewart, G. D., Ewers, D. T., Falchetto, G., Falie, D., Fanthome, J. G. A., Farina, D., Farthing, J. W., Fasoli, A., Faugeras, B., Fedorczak, N., Felton, R. C., Fenzi, C., Fernandes, H., Ferreira, J. A., Ferreira, J., Ferron, J., Fessey, J. A., Figini, L., Figueiredo, A., Figueiredo, J., Finburg, P., Finken, K. H., Fischer, U., Fitzgerald, N., Flanagan, J., Fleming, C., Fonseca, A., Forbes, A. D., Ford, O., Formisano, A., Fraboulet, D., Francis, R. J., Frassinetti, L., Fresa, R., Friconneau, J. P., Frigione, D., Fuchs, J. C., Fullard, K., Fundamenski, W., Furno Palumbo, M., Gafert, J., Ǵal, K., Galṽao, R., Garavaglia, S., Garbet, X., Garcia, J., Gar cia Munoz, M., Gardner, W., Garibaldi, P., Garnier, D., Garzotti, L., Gatu Johnson, M., Gaudio, P., Gauthier, E., Gaze, J. W., Gear, D. F., Gedney, J., Gee, S. J., Gelfusa, M., Genangeli, E., Gerasimov, S., Geraud, A., Gerbaud, T., Gherendi, M., Ghirelli, N., Giacalone, J. C., Giacomelli, L., Gibson, C. S., Gil, C., Gilligan, S. J., Gimblett, C. G., Gin, D., Giovannozzi, E., Giroud, C., Giruzzi, G., Glowacz, S., Godwin, J., Goff, J. K., Gohil, P., Goloborod’Ko, V., Gonçalves, B., Goniche, M., Gonzales, S., Gonźalezde Vicente, S. M., Goodyear, A., Gorelenkov, N., Gorini, G., Goulding, R., Graham, B., Graham, D., Graham, M. E., Granucci, G., Graves, J., Green, N. R., Greuner, H., Grigore, E., Griph, F. S., Grisolia, C., Gros, G., Grossetti, G., Groth, M., Gr̈unhagen, S., Gryaznevich, M. P., Guirlet, R., Gulejova, B., Gunn, J., Gupta, A., Guzdar, P., Hacek, P., Hackett, L. J., Hacquin, S., Haist, B., Hakola, A., Hall, S. J., Hallworthcook, S. P., Hamilton, D. T., Han, H., Handley, R. C., Harding, S., Harling, J. D. W., Harting, D., Harvey, M. J., Haupt, T. D. V., Havlickova, E., Hawkes, N. C., Hawryluk, R., Hay, J. H., Hayashi, N., Haydon, P. W., Hayward, I. R., Hazel, S., Heesterman, P. J. L., Heidbrink, W., Heikkinen, J., Hellesen, C., Hellsten, T., Hemming, O. N., Hender, T. C., Henderson, M., Hennig, C., Hennion, V., Hidalgo, C., Higashijima, S., Hill, J. W., Hill, M., Hill, K., Hillairet, J., Hillis, D., Hirai, T., Hitchin, M., Hobirk, J., Hogan, C., Hogben, C. H. A., Hogeweij, G. M. D., Hollingham, I. C., Holyaka, R., Homfray, D. A., Honeyands, G., Hong, S. H., Hopf, C., Horn, B. A., Horton, A. R., Horton, L. D., Hotchin, S. P., Hough, M. R., Houlberg, W., Howell, D. F., Hron, M., Huber, A., Huddleston, T. M., Hudson, Z., Hughes, M., Ḧuhnerbein, M., Hume, C. C., Hunt, A. J., Hunter, C. L., Hutchinson, T. S., Huygen, S., Huysmans, G., Hyn̈onen, V., Ide, S., Igreja, R., Illescas, C., Imbeaux, F., Ivanova, D., Ivings, E., Jachmich, S., Jackson, G., Jacquet, P., Jakubowska, K., Jakubowski, M., James, P. V., Jaspers, R. J. E., Jednorog, S., Jenkins, I., Jennison, M. A. C., Jeskins, C., Jin Kwon, O., Joffrin, E., Johnson, M. F., Johnson, R., Johnson, T., Jolovic, D., Jonauskas, V., Jones, E. M., Jones, G., Jones, H. D., Jones, T. T. C., Jouvet, M., Juṕen, C., Kachtchouk, I., Kaczmarczyk, J., Kallenbach, A., K̈allne, J., Kalupin, D., Ḱalvin, S., Kamelander, G., Kamendje, R., Kappatou, A., Karttunen, S., Kasparek, W., Katramados, I., Kaufmann, M., Kaveney, G., Kaye, A. S., Kear, M. J., Keeling, D. L., Kelliher, D., Kempenaars, M., Khilar, P., Kidd, N. G., Kiisk, M., Kim, K. M., King, R. F., Kinna, D. J., Kiptily, V., Kirnev, G., Kirneva, N., Kirov, K., Kirschner, A., Kisielius, R., Kislov, D., Kiss, G., Kiviniemi, T., Kizane, G., Klein, A., Klix, A., Knaup, M., Kneuper, K., Kneupner, H., Knight, P. J., Knipe, S. J., Kocan, M., K̈ochl, F., Kocsis, G., Konz, C., Koppitz, T., Korotkov, A., Koslowski, H. R., Kotov, V., Kovari, M. D., Kovarik, K., Kramer, G., Krasilnikov, A., Krasilnikov, V., Kraus, S., Kreter, A., Krieger, K., Kritz, A., Krivchenkov, Y., Kruezi, U., Krychowiak, M., Krylov, S., Ksiazek, I., Kubic, M., Kuhn, S., K̈uhnlein, W., Kurki Suonio, T., Kurowski, A., Kuteev, B., Kuyanov, A., La Haye, R., Laan, M., Labate, C., Lachichi, A., Lam, N., Lang, P., Large, M. T., Lassiwe, I., Last, J. R., Lawson, K. D., Laxåback, M., Layne, R. A., Lazzaro, E., Leguern, F., Leblanc, B., Leggate, H. J., Lehnen, M., Leigheb, M., Lengar, I., Lennholm, M., Lerche, E., Lescure, C. N., Li, Y., Li Puma, A., Liang, Y., Likonen, J., Lin, Y., Linke, J., Linstead, S. A., Lipshultz, B., Litaudon, X., Litvak, A. G., Liu, Y., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Lobel, R. C., Lomas, P. J., Long, F. D., L̈onnroth, J., Looker, D. J., Lopez, J., Lotte, P. h., Loughlin, M. J., Loving, A. B., Lowry, C., Luce, T., Lucock, R. M. A., Lukanitsa, A., Lungu, A. M., Lungu, C. P., Lyssoivan, A., Macheta, P., Mackenzie, A. S., Macrae, M., Maddaluno, G., Maddison, G. P., Madsen, J., Maget, P., Maggi, C., Maier, H., Mailloux, J., Makowski, M., Manning, C. J., Mansfield, M., Manso, M. E., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Maraschek, M., Marchetto, C., Marchitti, M. A., Mardenfeld, M., Marechal, J. L., Marinelli, M., Marinoni, A., Marinucci, M., M̈arki, J., Marocco, D., Marren, C. A., Martin, D., Martin, D. L., Martin, G., Martin, Y., Mart́ın Soĺıs, J. R., Masaki, K., Masiello, A., Maslov, M., Maszl, C., Matilal, A., Mattei, M., Matthews, G. F., Maviglia, F., May, C. R., Mayer, M., Mayoral, M. L., Mazon, D., Mazzotta, C., Mazzucato, E., Mccarthy, P., Mcclements, K. G., Mccormick, K., Mccullen, P. A., Mccune, D., Mcdonald, D. C., Mcgregor, R., Mckivitt, J. P., Meakins, A., Medina, F., Meigs, A. G., Menard, M., Meneses, L., Menmuir, S., Merrigan, I. R., Mertens, P. h., Messiaen, A., Meyer, H., Miano, Giovanni, Miele, M., Migliucci, P., Miller, A. G., Mills, S. F., Milnes, J. J., Min Kim, K., Mindham, T., Mirizzi, F., Mirones, E., Mironov, M., Mitteau, R., Mlynar, J., Mollard, P., Monakhov, I., Monier Garbet, P., Mooney, R., Moradi, S., Moreau, D., Moreau, P. h., Moreira, L., Morgan, A., Morgan, P. D., Morlock, C., Moro, A., Morris, A. W., Mort, G. L., Mrozek, C., Mueck, A., M̈uller, H. W., Murakami, M., Murari, A., Mustata, I., Nabais, F., Nardon, E., Nash, G., Naulin, V., Nave, M. F. F., Nazikian, R., Nedzelski, I., Negus, C. R., Neilson, J. D., Neto, A., Neu, R., Neubauer, O., Newbert, G. J., Newman, M., Nicholls, K. J., Nicolai, A., Nicolas, L., Nieckchen, P., Nielsen, P., Nielsen, A. H., Nielsen, S. K., Nielson, G., Nieto, J., Nightingale, M. P. S., Noble, C., Nocente, M., Nora, M., Nordman, H., Norman, M., Noterdaeme, J. M., Nowak, S., Nunes, I., Ognissanto, F., O’Gorman, T., Olariu, S., Oleynikov, A., O’Mullane, M., Ongena, J., Orsitto, F., Oswuigwe, O. I., Ottaviani, M., Oyama, N., Pacella, D., Paget, K., Palazzo, S., Pamela, J., Pamela, S., Panek, R., Pangione, L., Panin, A., Panis, T. h., Pankin, A., Pantea, A., Parail, V., Parisot, T. h., Parkin, A., Parsloe, A., Parsons, B. T., Pasqualotto, R., Pastor, P., Paterson, R., Paul, M. K., Peach, D., Pearce, R. J. H., Pearson, B. J., Pearson, I. J., Pedrick, L. C., Pedrosa, M. A., Pegourie, B., Pereira, R., Perelli Cippo, E., Pereverzev, G., Perevezentsev, A., Perezvonthun, C. h., Pericoli Ridolfini, V., Perona, A., Perrot, Y., Peruzzo, S., Peschanyy, S., Petravich, G., Petrizzi, L., Petrov, V., Petrzilka, V., Philipps, V., Piazza, G., Piccolo, F., Pietropaolo, A., Pillon, M., Pinches, S. D., Pinna, T., Pintsuk, G., Piovesan, P., Pironti, Alfredo, Pisano, F., Pitts, R., Plaum, B., Plyusnin, V., Polasik, M., Poli, F. M., Pomaro, N., Pompilian, O., Poncet, L., Pool, P. J., Popovichev, S., Porcelli, F., Porfiri, M. T., Portafaix, C., Pospieszczyk, A., Possnert, G., Prestopino, G., Prior, P., Prokopowicz, R., Proverbio, I., Pugno, R., Puiatti, M. E., Purahoo, K., Pustovitov, V., P̈utterich, T. h., P̈uttmann Kneupner, D., Quercia, Antonio, Rachlew, E., Rademaker, R., Rafiq, T., Rainford, M. S. J., Ramogida, G., Rantam̈aki, K., Rapp, J., Rasmussen, J. J., Ratt́a, G., Ravera, G., Reich, M., Reichle, R., Reiser, D., Reiss, R., Reiter, D., Rendell, D., Reux, C., Rewoldt, G., Ribeiro, T. T., Riccardo, V., Richards, D., Rigollet, F., Rimini, F. G., Rios, L., Riva, M., Roberts, J. E. C., Robins, R. J., Robinson, D. S., Robinson, S. A., Robson, D. W., Roche, H., R̈odig, M., Rodionov, N., Rohde, V., Rolfe, A., Romanelli, M., Romano, A., Romero, J., Ronchi, E., Rosanvallon, S., Roux, C. h., Rowe, S., Rubel, M., Rubinacci, Guglielmo, Ruchko, L., Ruiz, M., Ruset, C., Russell, M., Ruth, A., Ryc, L., Rydzy, A., Ryter, F., Rzadkiewicz, J., Saarelma, S., Sabathier, F., Sabot, R., Sadakov, S., Sagar, P., Saibene, G., Saille, A., Saint Laurent, F., Salmi, A., Salomaa, R., Salzedas, F., Samm, U., Sanchez, P., Sanders, S., Sanders, S. G., Sandford, G., Sandland, K., Sandquist, P., Sands, D. E. G., Santala, M. I. K., Sartori, F., Sartori, R., Sauter, O., Savelyev, A., Savtchkov, A., Scales, S. C., Scarabosio, A., Schaefer, N., Schlatter, C. h., Schmidt, V., Schmidt, A., Schmitz, O., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Scholz, M., Scḧopf, K., Schweer, B., Schweinzer, J., Scott, B., Seki, M., Semeraro, L., Semerok, A., Sergienko, G., Serra, F., Sertoli, M., Shannon, M. M. J., Sharapov, S. E., Shaw, S. R., Shevelev, A., Sievering, R., Silva, C. A., Simmons, P. A., Simonetto, A., Simpson, D., Sipila, S., Sips, A. C. C., Sirinelli, A., Sj̈ostrand, H., Skopintsev, D., K. S. l. a. b. k. o. w. s. k. a., Smith, P. G., Snipes, J., Snoj, L., Snyder, S., Soare, S., Solano, E. R., Soldatov, S., Soleto, A., Solomon, W., Soltane, C., Sonato, P., Sopplesa, A., Sorrentino, A., Sousa, J., Sowden, C. B. C., Sozzi, C., Sp̈ah, P., Spelzini, T., Spence, J., Spineanu, F., Spuig, P., Sẗabler, A., Stagg, R. D., Stamp, M. F., Stancalie, V., Stangeby, P., Stan Sion, C., Starkey, D. E., Stead, M. J., Stephen, A. V., Stevens, A. L., Stober, J., Stokes, R. B., Stork, D., Stoyanov, D., Strachan, J., Strand, P., Stransky, M., Strauss, D., Strintzi, D., Studholme, W., Suna, Y., Subba, F., Summers, H. P., Sun, Y., Surdu Bob, C., Surrey, E., Sutton, D. J., Svensson, J., Swain, D., Syme, B. D., Symonds, I. D., Szepesi, T., Szydlowski, A., Tabares, F., Takalo, V., Takenaga, H., Tala, T., Talbot, A. R., Taliercio, C., Tame, C., Tardini, G., Tardocchi, M., Taroni, L., Telesca, G., Terra, A., Terrington, A. O., Testa, D., Theis, J. M., Thomas, J. D., Thomas, P. D., Thomas, P. R., Thompson, V. K., Thomsen, H., Thomser, C., Thyagaraja, A., Tigwell, P. A., Tiseanu, I., Tivey, R., Todd, J. M., Todd, T. N., Tokar, M. Z., Tosti, S., Trabuc, P., Travere, J. M., Treutterer, W., Trimble, P., Trkov, A., Trukhina, E., Tsalas, M., Tsige Tamirat, H., Tsitrone, E., Tskhakaya jun, D., Tudisco, O., Tugarinov, S., Turner, M. M., Turri, G., Tyrrell, S. G. J., Umeda, N., Unterberg, B., Urano, H., Urquhart, A. J., Uytdenhouwen, I., Vaccaro, A., Vadgama, A. P., Vagliasindi, G., Valcarcel, D., Valisa, M., Vallory, J., Valovic, M., Van Eester, D., van Milligen, B., van Rooij, G. J., Varandas, C. A. F., Vartanian, S., Vdovin, V., Vega, J., Verdoolaege, G., Verger, J. M., Vermare, L., Verona, C., Versloot, T. h., Vervier, M., Vicente, J., Villari, S., Villedieu, E., Villone, F., Vince, J. E., Vine, G. J., Viola, B., Vitale, E., Vitelli, R., Vlad, M., Voitsekhovitch, I., Vrancken, M., Vulliez, K., Waldon, C. W. F., Walker, M., Walsh, M. J., Waterhouse, J., Watkins, M. L., Watson, M. J., Wauters, T., Way, M. W., Webb, C. R., Weiland, J., Weisen, H., Weiszflog, M., Wenninger, R., West, A. T., Weulersse, J. M., Weyssow, B., Wheatley, M. R., Whiteford, A. D., Whitehead, A. M., Whitehurst, A. G., Widdowson, A. M., Wieggers, R. C., Wiegmann, C., Wiesen, S., Wilson, A., Wilson, D., Wilson, D. J., Wilson, H. R., Wischmeier, M., Witts, D. M., Wolf, R. C., Wolowski, J., Woscov, P., Wright, G. M., Wright, J., G. S., Xu, Yavorskij, V., Yerashok, V., Yorkshades, J., Young, C., Young, D., Young, I. D., Yuhong, X., Zabeo, L., Zabolotsky, A., Zaccarian, L., Zagorski, R., Zaitsev, F. S., Zajac, S., Zakharov, L., Zanino, R., Zaroschi, V., Zastrow, K. D., Zatz, I., Zefran, B., Zeidner, W., Zerbini, M., Zhang, T., Zhu, Y., Zilli, E., Zimmermann, O., Zoita, V., Zoletnik, S., Zwingman, W., JET EFDA Contributors, Romanelli, F, Laxaback, M, Abel, I, Afanesyev, V, Agarici, G, Aggarwal, K, Airila, M, Akers, R, Alarcon, T, Albanese, R, Alexeev, A, Alfier, A, Allan, P, Almaviva, S, Alonso, A, Alonso, M, Alper, B, Altmann, H, Alves, D, Ambrosino, G, Amosov, V, Anda, G, Andersson, F, Andersson Sunden, E, Andreev, V, Andrew, Y, Angelone, M, Anghel, M, Anghel, A, Angioni, C, Apruzzese, G, Arcis, N, Arena, P, Argouarch, A, Ariola, M, Armitano, A, Armstrong, R, Arnoux, G, Arshad, S, Artaserse, G, Artaud, J, Ash, A, Asp, E, Asunta, O, Atanasiu, C, Atkins, G, Axton, M, Ayres, C, Baciero, A, Bailescu, V, Baiocchi, B, Baker, R, Balboa, I, Balorin, C, Balshaw, N, Banks, J, Baranov, Y, Barbier, D, Barlow, I, Barnard, M, Barnsley, R, Barrena, L, Barrera, L, Baruzzo, M, Basiuk, V, Bateman, G, Batiston, P, Baumgarten, N, Baylor, L, Bazylev, B, Beaumont, P, Beausang, K, Becoulet, M, Bekris, N, Beldishevski, M, Bell, A, Belli, F, Bellinger, M, Bellizio, T, Belo, P, Belonohy, E, Bennett, P, Benterman, N, Berger By, G, Bergsaker, H, Berk, H, Bernardo, J, Bertrand, B, Beurskens, M, Bieg, B, Bienkowska, B, Biewer, T, Bigi, M, Bilato, R, Bird, J, Bizarro, J, Blackman, T, Blanchard, P, Blanco, E, Blum, J, Bobkov, V, Boboc, A, Boilson, D, Bolshakova, I, Bolzonella, T, Boncagni, L, Bonheure, G, Bonnin, X, Borba, D, Borthwick, A, Botrugno, A, Boulbe, C, Bouquey, F, Bourdelle, C, Bovert, K, Bowden, M, Boyce, T, Boyer, H, Bozhenkov, A, Brade, R, Bradshaw, J, Braet, J, Braic, V, Braithwaite, G, Brault, C, Braune, H, Breizman, B, Bremond, S, Brennan, P, Brett, A, Breue, J, Brezinsek, S, Bright, M, Briscoe, F, Brix, M, Brombin, M, Brown, B, Brown, D, Bruschi, A, Brzozowski, J, Bucalossi, J, Buckley, M, Budd, T, Budny, R, Bunting, P, Buratti, P, Burcea, G, Butcher, P, Buttery, R, Cacao, R, Calabro, G, Callaghan, C, Caminade, J, Camp, P, Campling, D, Canik, J, Cannas, B, Capel, A, Carannante, G, Card, P, Cardinali, A, Carlstrom, T, Carman, P, Carralero, D, Carraro, L, Carter, T, Carvalho, B, Carvalho, P, Casati, A, Castaldo, C, Caughman, J, Cavazzana, R, Cavinato, M, Cecconello, M, Cecil, F, Cenedese, A, Centioli, C, Cesario, R, Challis, C, Chandler, M, Chang, C, Chankin, A, Chapman, I, Child, D, Chiru, P, Chitarin, G, Chugonov, I, Ciric, D, Clairet, F, Clarke, R, Clay, R, Clever, M, Coad, J, Coates, P, Coccorese, V, Cocilovo, V, Coda, S, Coelho, R, Coenen, J, Coffey, I, Colas, L, Cole, M, Collins, S, Combs, S, Compan, J, Conboy, J, Conroy, S, Cook, N, Cook, S, Coombs, D, Cooper, S, Corre, Y, Corrigan, G, Cortes, S, Coster, D, Counsell, G, Courtois, X, Cox, M, Craciunescu, T, Cramp, S, Crisanti, F, Croft, O, Crombe, K, Crowley, B, Cruz, N, Cupido, L, Curuia, M, Cusack, R, Czarnecka, A, Dalley, S, Daly, E, Dalziel, A, Darrow, D, David, O, Davies, N, Davis, J, Day, I, Day, C, De Angelis, R, de Arcas, G, de Baar, M, de la Cal, E, de la Luna, E, de Pablos, J, De Temmerman, G, De Tommasi, G, de Vries, P, Degli Agostini, F, Delabie, E, del Castillo Negrete, D, Delpech, L, Denisov, G, Denyer, A, Denyer, R, Devaux, S, Devynck, P, Di Matteo, L, Di Pace, L, Dirken, P, Dnestrovskiy, A, Dodt, D, Dominiczak, K, Dorling, S, Douai, D, Down, A, Doyle, P, Drake, J, Dreischuh, T, Drozdov, V, Dumortier, P, Dunai, D, Duran, I, Durodie, F, Dylst, K, Eaton, R, Edlington, T, Edwards, A, Edwards, D, Edwards, P, Eich, T, Ekedahl, A, Elevant, T, Elfimov, A, Ellingboe, B, Elsmore, C, Emmoth, B, Ericsson, G, Eriksson, L, Eriksson, A, Esposito, B, Esser, H, Estrada, T, Evangelidis, E, Evans, G, Ewart, G, Ewers, D, Falchetto, G, Falie, D, Fanthome, J, Farina, D, Farthing, J, Fasoli, A, Faugeras, B, Fedorczak, N, Felton, R, Fenzi, C, Fernandes, H, Ferreira, J, Ferron, J, Fessey, J, Figini, L, Figueiredo, A, Figueiredo, J, Finburg, P, Finken, K, Fischer, U, Fitzgerald, N, Flanagan, J, Fleming, C, Fonseca, A, Forbes, A, Ford, O, Formisano, A, Fraboulet, D, Francis, R, Frassinetti, L, Fresa, R, Friconneau, J, Frigione, D, Fuchs, J, Fullard, K, Fundamenski, W, Furno Palumbo, M, Gafert, J, Gal, K, Galvao, R, Garavaglia, S, Garbet, X, Garcia, J, Garcia Munoz, M, Gardner, W, Garibaldi, P, Garnier, D, Garzotti, L, Gatu Johnson, M, Gaudio, P, Gauthier, E, Gaze, J, Gear, D, Gedney, J, Gee, S, Gelfusa, M, Genangeli, E, Gerasimov, S, Geraud, A, Gerbaud, T, Gherendi, M, Ghirelli, N, Giacalone, J, Giacomelli, L, Gibson, C, Gil, C, Gilligan, S, Gimblett, C, Gin, D, Giovannozzi, E, Giroud, C, Giruzzi, G, Glowacz, S, Godwin, J, Goff, J, Gohil, P, Goloborod'Ko, V, Goncalves, B, Goniche, M, Gonzales, S, Gonzales de Vicente, S, Goodyear, A, Gorelenkov, N, Gorini, G, Goulding, R, Graham, B, Graham, D, Graham, M, Granucci, G, Graves, J, Green, N, Greuner, H, Grigore, E, Griph, F, Grisolia, C, Gros, G, Grossetti, G, Groth, M, Gruenhagen, S, Gryaznevich, M, Guirlet, R, Gulejova, B, Gunn, J, Gupta, A, Guzdar, P, Hacek, P, Hackett, L, Hacquin, S, Haist, B, Hakola, A, Hall, S, Hallworth Cook, S, Hamilton, D, Han, H, Handley, R, Harding, S, Harling, J, Harting, D, Harvey, M, Haupt, T, Havlickova, E, Hawkes, N, Hawryluk, R, Hay, J, Hayashi, N, Haydon, P, Hayward, I, Hazel, S, Heesterman, P, Heidbrink, W, Heikkinen, J, Hellesen, C, Hellsten, T, Hemming, O, Hender, T, Henderson, M, Hennig, C, Hennion, V, Hidalgo, C, Higashijima, S, Hill, J, Hill, M, Hill, K, Hillairet, J, Hillis, D, Hirai, T, Hitchin, M, Hobirk, J, Hogan, C, Hogben, C, Hogeweij, G, Hollingham, I, Holyaka, R, Homfray, D, Honeyands, G, Hong, S, Hopf, C, Horn, B, Horton, A, Horton, L, Hotchin, S, Hough, M, Houlberg, W, Howell, D, Hron, M, Huber, A, Huddleston, T, Hudson, Z, Hughes, M, Huehnerbein, M, Hume, C, Hunt, A, Hunter, C, Hutchinson, T, Huygen, S, Huysmans, G, Hynoenen, V, Ide, S, Igreja, R, Illescas, C, Imbeaux, F, Ivanova, D, Ivings, E, Jachmich, S, Jackson, G, Jacquet, P, Jakubowska, K, Jakubowski, M, James, P, Jaspers, R, Jednorog, S, Jenkins, I, Jennison, M, Jeskins, C, Jin Kwon, O, Joffrin, E, Johnson, M, Johnson, R, Johnson, T, Jolovic, D, Jonauskas, V, Jones, E, Jones, G, Jones, H, Jones, T, Jouvet, M, Jupen, C, Kachtchouk, I, Kaczmarczyk, J, Kallenbach, A, Kaellne, J, Kalupin, D, Kalvin, S, Kamelander, G, Kamendje, R, Kappatou, A, Karttunen, S, Kasparek, W, Katramados, I, Kaufmann, M, Kaveney, G, Kaye, A, Kear, M, Keeling, D, Kelliher, D, Kempenaars, M, Khilar, P, Kidd, N, Kiisk, M, Kim, K, King, R, Kinna, D, Kiptily, V, Kirnev, G, Kirneva, N, Kirov, K, Kirschner, A, Kisielius, R, Kislov, D, Kiss, G, Kiviniemi, T, Kizane, G, Klein, A, Klix, A, Knaup, M, Kneuper, K, Kneupner, H, Knight, P, Knipe, S, Kocan, M, Koechl, F, Kocsis, G, Konz, C, Koppitz, T, Korotkov, A, Koslowski, H, Kotov, V, Kovari, M, Kovarik, K, Kramer, G, Krasilnikov, A, Krasilnikov, V, Kraus, S, Kreter, A, Krieger, K, Kritz, A, Krivchenkov, Y, Kruezi, U, Krychowiak, M, Krylov, S, Ksiazek, I, Kubic, M, Kuhn, S, Kuehnlein, W, Kurki Suonio, T, Kurowski, A, Kuteev, B, Kuyanov, A, La Haye, R, Laan, M, Labate, C, Lachichi, A, Lam, N, Lang, P, Large, M, Lassiwe, I, Last, J, Lawson, K, Layne, R, Lazzaro, E, Le Guern, F, Leblanc, B, Leggate, H, Lehnen, M, Leigheb, M, Lengar, I, Lennholm, M, Lerche, E, Lescure, C, Li, Y, Li Puma, A, Liang, Y, Likonen, J, Lin, Y, Linke, J, Linstead, S, Lipshultz, B, Litaudon, X, Litvak, A, Liu, Y, Loarer, T, Loarte, A, Lobel, R, Lomas, P, Long, F, Loennroth, J, Looker, D, Lopez, J, Lotte, P, Loughlin, M, Loving, A, Lowry, C, Luce, T, Lucock, R, Lukanitsa, A, Lungu, A, Lungu, C, Lyssoivan, A, Macheta, P, Mackenzie, A, Macrae, M, Maddaluno, G, Maddison, G, Madsen, J, Maget, P, Maggi, C, Maier, H, Mailloux, J, Makowski, M, Manning, C, Mansfield, M, Manso, M, Mantica, P, Mantsinen, M, Maraschek, M, Marchetto, C, Marchitti, M, Mardenfeld, M, Marechal, J, Marinelli, M, Marinoni, A, Marinucci, M, Maerki, J, Marocco, D, Marren, C, Martin, D, Martin, G, Martin, Y, Martin Solis, J, Masaki, K, Masiello, A, Maslov, M, Maszl, C, 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Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 52.55.Fa Tokamaks, spherical tokamak, Materials science, Tokamak, Physics and Astronomy (all), Condensed Matter Physics, Física [Ciências exactas e naturais], Cyclotron, law.invention, Bootstrap current, Physical sciences [Natural sciences], law, Physics::Plasma Physics, ITER, divertor, FIS/03 - FISICA DELLA MATERIA, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Jet (fluid), Safety factor, Divertor, 52.50.Qt Plasma heating by radio-frequency field, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, magnetic confinement, Magnetic confinement fusion, Física, 52.55.Rk Power exhaust, JET, overview, Settore FIS/07 - Fisica Applicata(Beni Culturali, Ambientali, Biol.e Medicin), Computational physics, Physical sciences, ICR, ICP, helicons, ___, JET, Beta (plasma physics), Atomic physics, tokamaks
Abstract

Since the last IAEA conference, the scientific programme of JET has focused on the qualification of the integrated operating scenarios for ITER and on physics issues essential for the consolidation of design choices and the efficient exploitation of ITER. Particular attention has been given to the characterization of the edge plasma, pedestal energy and edge localized modes (ELMs), and their impact on plasma facing components (PFCs). Various ELM mitigation techniques have been assessed for all ITER operating scenarios using active methods such as resonant magnetic field perturbation, rapid variation of the radial field and pellet pacing. In particular, the amplitude and frequency of type I ELMs have been actively controlled over a wide parameter range (q(95) = 3-4.8, beta(N)

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48. Efficient corona training protocols for sensor networks

Author

Alan A. Bertossi, Stephan Olariu, Cristina M. Pinotti, A.A. Bertossi, S. Olariu, and M.C. Pinotti

Subjects
General Computer Science, Computer science, Distributed computing, algorithms, computer.software_genre, localization, Theoretical Computer Science, wireless sensor networks, training, network protocol, Wireless, Network protocols, DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS, SIMPLE (military communications protocol), business.industry, Location awareness, Energy budget, Wireless sensor networks, Task (computing), LOCALIZATION PROTOCOLS, Software deployment, Embedded system, Scalability, Communications protocol, business, computer, Wireless sensor network, Computer Science(all)
Abstract

Phenomenal advances in nano-technology and packaging have made it possible to develop miniaturized low-power devices that integrate sensing, special-purpose computing, and wireless communications capabilities. It is expected that these small devices, referred to as sensors, will be mass-produced and deployed, making their production cost negligible. Due to their small form factor and modest non-renewable energy budget, individual sensors are not expected to be GPS-enabled. Moreover, in most applications, exact geographic location is not necessary, and all that the individual sensors need is a coarse-grain location awareness. The task of acquiring such a coarse-grain location awareness is referred to as training. In this paper, two scalable energy-efficient training protocols are proposed for massively-deployed sensor networks, where sensors are initially anonymous and unaware of their location. The training protocols are lightweight and simple to implement; they are based on an intuitive coordinate system imposed onto the deployment area which partitions the anonymous sensors into clusters where data can be gathered from the environment and synthesized under local control.

Published
2008
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49. Efficient Location Training Protocols for Heterogeneous Sensor and Actor Networks

Author

Alfredo Navarra, Ferruccio Barsi, Vlady Ravelomanana, Stephan Olariu, Alan A. Bertossi, M. Cristina Pinotti, Christian Lavault, F. Barsi, A.A. Bertossi, C. Lavault, A. Navarra, S. Olariu, M.C. Pinotti, and V. Ravelomanana

Subjects
Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, Real-time computing, Mobile computing, coarse-grain localization, computer.software_genre, Synchronization, DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Energy-efficient training protocols, Protocol (object-oriented programming), wireless sensor and actor networks, heterogeneous sensors, business.industry, ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, Training (meteorology), Location awareness, Energy consumption, COMMUNICATION NETWORKS, SENSOR NETWORKS, Sleep (system call), business, Wireless sensor network, computer, Software, Computer network
Abstract

Sensor networks are expected to evolve into longlived, autonomous networked systems whose main mission is to provide in-situ users – called actors – with real-time information for specific goals supportive of their mission. The network is populated with a heterogeneous set of tiny sensors. The free sensors alternate between sleep and awake periods, under program control in response to computational and communication needs. The periodic sensors alternate between sleep periods and awake periods of predefined lengths, established at the fabrication time. The architectural model of an actor-centric network used in this work comprises in addition to the tiny sensors a set of mobile actors that organize and manage the sensors in their vicinity. We take the view that the sensors deployed are anonymous and unaware of their geographic location. Importantly, the sensors are not, a priori, organized into a network. It is, indeed, the interaction between the actors and the sensor population that organizes the sensors in a disk around each actor into a shortlived, mission-specific, network that exists for the purpose of serving the actor and that will be disbanded when the interaction terminates. The task of setting up this form of actor-centric network involves a training stage where the sensors acquire dynamic coordinates relative to the actor in their vicinity. The main contribution of this work is to propose an energyefficient training protocol for actor-centric heterogeneous sensor networks. Our protocol outperforms all known training protocols in the number of sleep/awake transitions per sensor needed by the training task. Specifically, in the presence of k coronas, no sensor will experience more than 1+⌈log k⌉ sleep/awake transitions and awake periods.

Published
2011

50. Asynchronous Corona Training Protocols in Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks

Author

Alan A. Bertossi, Roberto Ciotti, Maria Cristina Pinotti, Stephan Olariu, Francesco Betti Sorbelli, Ferruccio Barsi, F. Barsi, A.A. Bertossi, F.B. Sorbelli, R. Ciotti, S. Olariu, and M.C. Pinotti

Subjects
wireless networks, NETWORK PROTOCOLS, computer.internet_protocol, Computer science, Distributed computing, Synchronization, Wireless Application Protocol, Wireless, Energy-efficient training protocols, DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS, Wireless network, business.industry, ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, LOCALIZATION, SENSOR AND ACTOR NETWORKS, Network management, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Hardware and Architecture, Asynchronous communication, Signal Processing, Scalability, business, Communications protocol, computer, Wireless sensor network, Computer network, Efficient energy use
Abstract

Scalable energy-efficient training protocols are proposed for wireless networks consisting of sensors and a single actor, where the sensors are initially anonymous and unaware of their location. The protocols are based on an intuitive coordinate system imposed onto the deployment area, which partitions the sensors into clusters. The protocols are asynchronous, in the sense that the sensors wake up for the first time at random, then alternate between sleep and awake periods both of fixed length, and no explicit synchronization is performed between them and the actor. Theoretical properties are stated under which the training of all the sensors is possible. Moreover, both worst-case and average case analyses of the performance, as well as an experimental evaluation, are presented showing that the protocols are lightweight and flexible.

Published
2009

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