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Purpose: To understand the nature of liquids the need of physico-chemical behavior of liquid mixtures or in pure form Sound velocity, viscosity and density values have been calibrated in binary and ternary system of some of the Aniline+1-alkanols with benzene, toluene, and hexane at 303K. Several theoretical models have been applied to evaluate the sound velocity values for the binary and ternary systems compared with the experimental values. Method: The ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity measured with ultrasonic interferometer, specific gravity bottle with Oswald’s viscometer respectively. The measured ultrasonic velocity compared with theoretical models to understand the existence of molecular interactions from models like Nomoto’ Relation, Free Length Theory, ideals mixture relation etc. Results: NR predictions provide better closeness with test values and FLT predictions are not completely acceptable. FLT prediction is found to fail even for pure liquids. IMR predictions are more acceptable than NR, only for aniline + 1-pentanol binary and NR seem to be the best of all other systems. In binary, IMR predicted values are always lower than test values, but NR predictions are, in most cases, higher than test values. In ternary systems, especially at high mole fractions of aniline, the predicted sound velocity values (NR & IMR) are always lower than the experimentally observed values. Among the many theories considered, NR gives the best prediction of sound speed. The sequence of qualifications for predicting sound speed decreases as NR and IMR and FLT are completely invalid for all considered systems. Conclusion: Strong molecular interaction with the structure formation increases with mole fractions. Azeotropic destruction has been found to be the most common of the compounds considered.

This study enhances the durability of mortar blends against the combination of chloride and sulfate attack by replacing the certain quantity of Portland cement with microsilica and colloidal nanosilica. Coastal surroundings have severe chloride and sulfate ion precipitation. To establish concrete durability under these environments it is essential to incorporate both ions. Investigation of microsilica and colloidal nanosilica in concrete has been acknowledged in recent times. Moreover, the role of durability mortar combined with microsilica and colloidal nanosilica (CNS) have also been limited. A preliminary tool is conducted to establish five different chlorides and sulfate corrosive solutions to evaluate various replacement percentages of microsilica and colloidal nanosilica content in cement. In binary and ternary solutions, the necessary properties such as mechanical, electrical, change in mass, expansion, permeability and surface morphology were studied. Results revealed that colloidal nanosilica as a partial substitution improved mortar property, enhanced mortar durability and less deterioration in ordinary Portland cement (OPC) specimens and the chloride penetration developed by inserting sulfate ions at an early immersion age.

The construction industry has been examined as a highly unsafe industry because of more number of deaths caused by many incidents/accidents. The working sites need changes within the nature of labour, the situation of manual labour, and the mixture of skilled and unskilled workers. As the Indian construction industry remains labour-intensive, the correct harmonization between workers, artisan, customers, and workforce is required for a secure labour environment which is considerably lacking. The research has demonstrated the recognition of unsafe working conditions. And so, the underestimation of safety risk may be a widespread problem. Therefore, effective safety administration is the major thing to acknowledge and managing hazards and prioritisation to safety is a must and this will also lead to enhanced success in project accomplishment. The work was initiated by preparing a questionnaire survey among the various persons involved in this work, it paved the way to analyse and estimate their present system of practice happening with respect to safety in the real estate sector in a metro city and to ascertain the quality of output received through the questionnaire and also to quantify the data with statistical analysis. It also helps to identify the relative importance of the data and the influencing factor among the output of the questionnaire. It revealed that psychological factors as the major influencer in the safety of building sectors. It is further helped to optimize the factors influencing safety in the construction industry.

Ready mix concrete (RMC) is a new concreting concept in the Nepali construction industry introduced before one decade. The paper aims to assess the acceptance of ready mix for residential buildings of Nepal. The relation was developed for average compressive strength with slump value and water cement ratio based on laboratory test nominal mix M20 (1:1.5:3) and M25 (1:1:2) along with questionnaire survey. The result also shows that the compressive strength of RMC is higher in comparison with the SMC (site mix concrete). During questionnaire, more than 60% of users prefer the RMC over SMC. The merit and demerit of construction projects using RMC and SMC are discussed and interpreted.

Slow evaporation was used to successfully generate single crystals of pure and La3+ doped L-alanine acetate from aqueous solution. The structural, vibrational, chemical analysis carried out through XRD, UV, FTIR with FTRaman Analysis. The Nd: YAG laser was used to confirm and estimate the sample’s Second Harmonic Generation (SHG). The growing crystal’s laser damage threshold was also discovered. Thermogravimetic (TG) and Differential theromogravimetric (DTA) studies were used to measure the thermal stability of the formed crystal. The generated LAlA crystals were also subjected to dielectric and photoconductivity tests. The dopant has boosted the efficiency of the L-alanine acetate crystal, according to nonlinear optical studies.

Electrospinning of dispersions with higher viscosity and limited flow may be carried out, based on the solvent assisted coaxial technique, where the flow of the core dispersion is supported by a free flowing sheath solvent. In the present work, the sheath solvents used are chloroform, toluene and dimethyl formamide and we discuss the fiber formation of Poly Methyl Methacrylate (PMMA) (dispersion-25 wt%). PMMA dispersed in chloroform is taken as the core solution and the sheath is pure solvent. The In-Situ effect of different sheath solvents in fiber formation at two different tip to collector distances are studied. The fibers formed are subjected to SEM analysis and the characteristics are analysed. The fiber formation of high viscos polymer dispersions makes the same materials subjectable to electrospinning and further applications.

The N-(4-Cholorobenzoyl)Fenamic acid crystal have been grown, the structural and the lattice parameters are found through XRD analysis. The chemical bonding and their nature analysis was performed from the FTIR and FT-Raman spectra’s. The molecular structure optimized through DFT (Density Functional Theory) computations and correlated through experimental one. From the optimized geometry from the computations provide to the structural, frequencies and other parameters are match with experiments. From hyper-conjugative interactions, charge delocalization used to study the stabile nature of molecules through NBO analysis. The thermodynamic properties are linearly deepened with temperature. And susceptibility of the crystal can be performed is found to decrease at different temperatures is calculated. The spectral analysis agreed well with experiments.

The rock processing residue (RPR) waste is used for part of the ceramic products. The present work deals with the unused waste useful for making ceramic materials and save the area and the dump space. The residues are initially analyzed with the chemical and spectroscopic method. The residues are mixed with clay of proportions 0–50 wt% in steps of 10%. The prepared specimens are characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X ray fluorescence (XRF) for chemical, mechanical, and physiochemical properties, such as density, compressive strength, weight loss on ignition and porous nature, which are measured through the selective instrument. The thermal stability of the product was tested by firing at 950 °C. This says the rock residues are useful for making ceramic and related materials with high concentrations.

Kidney stone disease is a result of combination of food items consuming, drinking water quality and genetic heritability, which has been observed to be more prone (both occurrence and recurrence) to certain geographic regimes as Thanjavur suburbs of Tamil Nadu in southern India. The research carried out involves collection of medical information of Kidneystone patients of the study area and survey of their dietary habits including drinking water quality (through laboratory study), selection of suitable classifier to model the Kidney stone recurrence with the most contributing of 22 parameters (with due model evaluation). Weka (3.8.1) machine learning framework was used for the study, for evaluating the model accuracy of 66 classifiers, resulting 22 classifiers with accuracy higher than ZeroR, which was considered to be the benchmark. Based on this study, C-4.5 classifier (called J48 in Weka) was found to be most robust classifier, based on accuracy, precision, Recall, F-Measure, MCC, ROC Area and PRC Area. The selected classifiers were again evaluated based on domain conformance (namely, literature, logic and consistency) to obtain four validated classifiers, thereby providing seven parameters and their threshold value for kidney stone recurrence, namely, family history (Yes), Sulphate (>17ppm), potassium (>74 ppm), nitrate (>1.2 ppm), salinity (>120 ppm), conductivity (

Overall objective of the study is to assess the impact of time on cost to develop a model for time and cost. Thirty-five projects have been studied for time and cost overrun along the impacts. Five ranking Likert scales have been used for ranking the perception-based relative importance index (RII). Bromilow's time–cost model has been applied and correlation of time and cost has been analyzed. Cost increase due to time overrun only is 33.04% of total cost increase. So the other factors also contribute more than 66.96% for cost overrun. The project time and cost of the projects under consideration was found to be highly dependent on each other with Correlation Coefficient 0.599. The result was also compatible to most of the respondent's responses. An equation, T = 487.5 × (C/79.96)0.293 (time is expressed in days and cost in million NRs), was suggested for the prediction of time and cost components of similar projects.

Calcium carbide remains a secondary product in the manufacturing process of acetylene gas consists calcium hydroxide predominantly. Ground granulated blast furnace slag cement produced from iron blast-furnace slag (pozzolanic), feasible with suitable combination to be used as an alternate cementitious material. The initial study evaluated the suitable percentage of replacement of and of Ordinary Portland Cement by testing its strength in compression for replacing various percentage of cement using 0–20% in steps of 5% of CCR and 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of GGBS. It was observed that the optimal percentage of replacement of CCR and GGBS content was 15% and 20% respectively. The strength of concrete by combination of CCR and GGBS replacement for cement at their optimal percentage were also studied. The strength in compression at the period of 14, 28 and 48 days were studied and it was inferred that the strength of the specimens in compression is more with periods of curing compared to that of conventional concrete. The results indicate that the suitable proportions of replacement level of cement with CCR and GGBS is 35%.

Lately marble is viewed as most significant beautifying construction materials. MP is which severalty impact on nature and medical issues. Marble powder materials are a fine powder. It is developed from chopping, molding and washing process. The creation of cement is expanding about 3% yearly. The creation of 1 ton of cement frees around 1 ton of CO2 to the air. This explorationmeans to intend the impression of using MP as in part substitution of cement. Cement which is one of constituents utilized in the creation of concrete has gotten costly and scant because of which development cost increments. In present investigation cement has been partially replaced with marble powder in five different percentage mixes of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% weightiness of cement content in concrete. The key factor taken into concern is proportion of MP concrete is tested for workability, compressive strength, flexural strength and tensile strength.

The most endangered regions of cyclones formed in the world are Indian sub-continent. The coastal line present in this region is about a total of 7516 km that includes 132 km in Lakshadweep, 5400 km main land, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands includes about 1900 km. The total region consists nearly 10% of tropical cyclones formed around the world. The analyses of data between the years 1980 and 2000 have shown that an average of 370 million people is affected by the cyclone in India. The formation of cyclone is about 30% in Bay of Bengal and 25% in Arabian Sea during the pre-monsoon season. Huge number of death occurs during the cyclone and heavily made losses to the public and private properties. For this reason, cyclone severity prediction is more important and highly crucial. In the second phase of this research, XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) algorithm is applied for predicting the formation and severity of cyclones in Bay of Bengal and its performance is analyzed with SVM and RVM classifiers. Due to high technological advancement and development, loss of damages and many lives are saved by predicting the cyclones well in advance like Gaja and Fani by IMD. In the final stage of the research, a hybrid approach by combining genetic algorithm and XGBoost algorithm (GA-XGBoost) is proposed for predicting the tropical cyclone (TC) severity in Bay of Bengal (BoB) obtained from Indian Meteorological Department (IMD). Furthermore, the results of hybrid model for the TC data is proven to be better when compared with the existing algorithms.

The molecular interaction analyses have been carried out in some ternary systems at 303 K with validation of ultrasonic sound velocity. The theory which is suitable for appropriate model/theory. In this present paper the molecular interaction among the organic liquids deals with experimentally measured values and validate with theoretical model. Finally the relative merit and demerit are discussed and interpreted.

The diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS), are promising materials in the ferromagnetic exchange coupling between localized spins. ZnO nanoparticles in pure and cobalt doped with 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% were prepared through co-precipitation method at room temperature. XRD analysis showed the Co doped ZnO crystalizes in a wurzite structure. The particle size decreases with increase in concentration of cobalt. The SEM micrographs shows similar and regular equal in size depends with the increase of Co concentration and formation of spherical super structure and confirmed the Co2+ is completely replaced into the Zn2+ site of ZnO host structure. The size depends with the concentration are evident from EDAX analysis. The remarkable spin performances with increase of Co are confirming the above results.

Zincoxide nanoparticles have been incorporated into the cementitious materials for enhancing their physico-chemical and mechanical properties. The decrease in particle size will leads the increase in surface to volume ratio as compared to conventional micro-particles. In this investigation to evaluate physical, chemical and mechanical properties of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) containing zinc oxide nanoparticles. Zinc oxide nanoparticles used with replacement of various properties such as 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% by weight with ordinary Portland cement. The ordinary Portland cement mortar, nano zincoxide cement mortars prepared with the water-binder ratio (w/b ratio) as 0.4 and cement-sand ratio as 1:3 by weight. The prepared mortars are analyzed through compressive strength, setting time, flexural strength, porosity, water absorption, sulphate attack, electrical resistivity and with SEM analysis. The setting time of zinc oxide nano particle significantly decreased and enhanced the compressive strength of Portland cement mortar. The flexural strength outcomes showed that the cement mortars with zinc oxide nanoparticle were higher rather than Portland cement mortar. Microstructure of mortar contained zinc oxide nano particles illustrate that the nano zinc oxide particles filled the pores significantly and so large size of calcium hydroxide crystals reduced afterwards more hydration products formed.

The values of sound velocity, density and viscosity have been measured at 303 K in the ternary systems of aniline + m-xylene + n, sec, tert and iso-butanols. From these data, acoustical parameters such as molar volume, adiabatic compressibility, free length, free volume and internal pressure have been estimated using the standard relations. The results are interpreted in terms of molecular interaction between the components of the mixtures. The presence of weak dipole-induced dipole interactions of larger magnitude is confirmed in the ternary systems. Of all the isomeric butanols, 1-ol, and especially 2-ol are found to be good structure makers that make the ternary complexes. In addition the possible interactions between the components are further confirmed by their excess values.