Search

Abstract Background Performing a surgical task subjects the surgeon to multitudinal stressors, especially with the newer 3D technology. The quantum of cognitive workload using this modern surgical system in comparison to the Conventional microscope system remains unexplored. We evaluate the surgeon’s cognitive workload and the surgical outcomes of macular hole(MH) surgery performed on a 3D versus a Conventional microscope operating system. Methods 50 eyes of 50 patients with MH undergoing surgery using the 3D or Conventional microscope visualization system. Cognitive workload assessment was done by real-time tools(Surgeons’ heart rate [HR] and oxygen saturation[SPO2]) and self-report tool(Surgery Task Load Index[SURG-TLX] questionnaire) of three Vitreoretinal surgeons. Based on the SURG-TLX questionnaire, an assessment of the workload was performed. Results Of the 50 eyes, 30 eyes and 20 eyes underwent surgery with the Conventional microscope and the 3D system, respectively. No difference was noted in the MH basal-diameter(p = 0.128), total surgical-duration(p = 0.299), internal-limiting membrane(ILM) peel time(p = 0.682), and the final visual acuity (VA; p = 0.515) between the two groups. Both groups showed significant improvement in VA(p

Abstract Buildings are amongst the world’s largest energy consumers and simultaneous peaks in demand from networks of buildings can decrease electricity system stability. Current mitigation measures either entail wasteful supply-side over-specification or complex centralised demand-side control. Hence, a simple schema is developed for decentralised, self-organising building-to-building load coordination that requires very little information exchange and no top-down management—analogous to other complex systems with short range interactions, such as coordination between flocks of birds or synchronisation in fireflies. Numerical and experimental results reveal that a high degree of peak flattening can be achieved using surprisingly small load-coordination networks. The optimum reductions achieved by the simple schema can outperform existing techniques, giving substantial peak-reductions as well as being remarkably robust to changes in other system parameters such as the interaction network topology. This not only demonstrates that significant reductions in network peaks are achievable using remarkably simple control systems but also reveals interesting theoretical results and new insights which will be of great interest to the complexity and network science communities.

Abstract This contribution discusses surrogate models that emulate the solution field(s) in the entire simulation domain. The surrogate uses the most characteristic modes of the solution field(s), in combination with neural networks to emulate the coefficients of each mode. This type of surrogate is well known to rapidly emulate flow simulations, but rather new for simulations of elastoplastic solids. The surrogate avoids the iterative process of constructing and solving the linearized governing equations of rate-independent elastoplasticity, as necessary for direct numerical simulations or (hyper-)reduced-order-models. Instead, the new plastic variables are computed only once per increment, resulting in substantial time savings. The surrogate uses a recurrent neural network to treat the path dependency of rate-independent elastoplasticity within the neural network itself. Because only a few of these surrogates have been developed for elastoplastic simulations, their potential and limitations are not yet well studied. The aim of this contribution is to shed more light on their numerical capabilities in the context of elastoplasticity. Although more widely applicable, the investigation focuses on a representative volume element, because these surrogates have the ability to both emulate the macroscale stress-deformation relation (which drives the multiscale simulation), as well as to recover all microstructural quantities within each representative volume element.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy profile of a newer generation biodegradable DES, the Yukon Choice PC Elite with a temperature controlling mechanism, in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: This prospective multi-center study (PIONEER Registry) was conducted in an Indian ACS population, therefore providing data in real world clinical practice. Patients with ACS underwent DES implantation in de novo native-vessel coronary lesions with the Yukon Choice PC Elite biodegradable polymer DES and were followed up for a year. Results: A total 999 patients were evaluated. The majority of patients were male (79.2%). A total of 6.7% of the patients had a history of prior myocardial infarction (MI) and 2.7% of patients had a history of previous coronary artery bypass graft. The clinical presentations of the patients included: unstable angina pectoris (UA) (46.4%), ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) (38.1%), and Non-ST-segment elevation MI (NSTEMI) (15.4%). Implantation of the device was successful in 99.9% of cases. The median stent length and stent size were 21.0 mm (Range: 8.0–40.0 mm) and 2.8 mm (Range 2.0–4.0 mm), respectively. Through to one-year clinical follow-up after percutaneous coronary intervention, all-cause death occurred in 4 of 999 patients (Crude Percentage: 0.4%). Cardiac death, MI, TLR, and stent thrombosis were occurred in 1 (0.1%), 8 (0.8%), 12 (1.2%) and 1 (0.1%) patients, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this post marketing surveillance registry suggest favorable safety and efficacy outcomes associated with the Yukon Choice PC Elite biodegradable DES in a real world Indian ACS population.

Knot configurations serve as the foundation for postoperative tissue repair. Loosening surgical knots during or after tying might lead to an unsuccessful suture and compromise the outcome. This investigation was car­ried out to study the mechanical properties of knotted silk sutures that are made from braided structures with three different diameters. A maximum tensile strength (33.24 N) and minimum breaking elongation (15%) of dry suture, maximum tensile strength (22.6 N) and minimum breaking elongation (13.6%) of wet suture were achieved with five throws and a diameter of 0.3 mm with surgeon’s square knot.

With advances in deepfake generating technology, it is getting increasingly difficult to detect deepfakes. Deepfakes can be used for many malpractices such as blackmail, politics, social media, etc. These can lead to widespread misinformation and can be harmful to an individual or an institution’s reputation. It has become important to be able to identify deepfakes effectively, while there exist many machine learning techniques to identify them, these methods are not able to cope up with the rapidly improving GAN technology which is used to generate deepfakes. Our project aims to identify deepfakes successfully using machine learning along with Heart Rate Analysis. The heart rate identified by our model is unique to each individual and cannot be spoofed or imitated by a GAN and is thus susceptible to improving GAN technology. To solve the deepfake detection problem we employ various machine learning models along with heart rate analysis to detect deepfakes.

Abstract Introduction Despite several ongoing efforts in biomedicine and traditional medicine, there are no drugs or vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as of May 2020; Kabasura Kudineer (KSK), a polyherbal formulation from India’s Siddha system of medicine, has been traditionally used for clinical presentations similar to that of COVID-19. We explored the efficacy of KSK in reducing viral load and preventing the disease progression in asymptomatic, COVID-19 cases. Methods A prospective, single-center, open-labeled, randomized, controlled trial was conducted in a COVID Care Centre in Chennai, India. We recruited reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 of 18 to 55 years of age, without clinical symptoms and co-morbidities. They were randomized (1:1 ratio) to KSK (60 mL twice daily for 7 days) or standard of care (7 days supplementation of vitamin C 60,000 IU morning daily and zinc 100 mg evening daily) groups. The primary outcomes were reduction in the SARS-CoV-2 load [as measured by cyclic threshold (CT) value of RT-PCR], prevention of progression of asymptomatic to symptomatic state, and changes in the immunity markers including interleukins (IL-6, IL-10, IL-2), interferon gamma (IFNγ), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF α). Siddha clinical assessment and the occurrence of adverse effects were documented as secondary outcomes. Paired t-test was used in statistical analysis. Results Viral load in terms of the CT value (RdRp: 95% CI = 1.89 to 5.74) declined significantly on the seventh day in the KSK group and that of the control group, more pronounced in the study group. None progressed to the symptomatic state. There was no significant difference in the biochemical parameters. We did not observe any changes in the Siddha-based clinical examination and adverse events in both groups. Conclusion KSK significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral load among asymptomatic COVID-19 cases and did not record any adverse effect, indicating the use of KSK in the strategy against COVID-19. Larger, multi-centric trials can strengthen the current findings. Trial registration Clinical Trial Registry of India CTRI2020/05/025215 . Registered on 16 May 2020

A 60 year married female from Chennai presented with pain and restricted abduction, adduction, external rotation and flexion of right shoulder both in active and passive movements for 2 months. She was diagnosed to be affected by adhesive capsulitis which is equated to Kumbavatham, one of the vatha diseases mentioned in Siddha system of medicine. She was treated with Siddha Varmam therapy and thokkanam with Vathakesari thylam. After 15 days of hospital stay the patient was discharged and was followed for 6 months. There were no adverse reactions/events observed during the course of treatment. The combination therapy has provided the reduction in pain and restricted movements which was measured using goniometer and SPADI index.

The analysis of optimum engine conditions was carried out with the help of Taguchi technique by fuelling the engine with carbon nanotubes blended peanut oil biodiesel with various engine operating conditions by L16 array approach. The effects of peanut oil biodiesel and CNTs with different fuel blends is studied at different engine loading conditions of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. In addition, operating condition is examined by varying the ignition pressure (180 bar, 200 bar, 220 bar, and 240 bar) and ignition timing (21° bTDC, 23° bTDC, 25° bTDC, and 27° bTDC). According to combinations of array such as load, blend, nanoparticle, ignition pressure and ignition timing with four optimal levels, Taguchi L16 array was designed and analysed. Results from L16 Taguchi method were used to find out the optimal operating condition of the engine in terms of higher performance with reduced emissions. When compared with neat diesel, peanut biofuel blend with CNTs has a greater influence in both performance and emission characteristics. Fuel energy and exergy analysis depicted that the readings for carbon nanotubes blended peanut oil biodiesel were almost unchanged or slightly lower than neat diesel.

A 42-year-old man with the complaints of left knee swelling, severe pain, difficult to stand was reported to Siddha Varmam division after a road accident. He was diagnosed as acute avulsion of Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). It was diagnosed based on the history of trauma, knee pain and swelling after trauma, positive posterior drawer test and avulsion fracture shown by radiograph. He was treated with Siddha Varmam therapy and traditional bone setting. After a month of treatment, the PCL avulsion fracture got healed without any surgical interventions and patient able to walk normally. This case report summarises the novel Siddha Varmam therapy and traditional bone setting treatments for acute avulsion of PCL with bony fragment. Keywords: Siddha varmam therapy, Bone setting, PCL fracture

Purpose: To develop a phantom with optical and thermal properties matched to human prostate. This phantom will provide a platform for the development and characterization of 980 nm laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) systems. Methods: A polyacrylamide gel was doped with Naphthol Green B, Intralipid, and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA). The necessary concentration of each ingredient was determined by measuring the optical properties via fluence measurements and light diffusion theory. LITT was then performed under the same conditions as a previous clinical trial in which temperature was monitored via a thermal probe. The thermal data and induced coagulation zone were compared to clinical data to illustrate the similarity between the phantom and patient. LITT was also performed under magnetic resonance thermometry (MRT). Results: The requisite concentrations of Naphthol Green B, Intralipid and BSA were found to be 0.144% (w/v), 8.06% (v/v) and 31.4% (v/v) respectively. In the native state, the absorption coefficient and reduced scattering coefficient () were found to be 0.66 ± 0.06 cm−1 and 8.27 ± 0.50 cm−1 respectively, with increasing to 17.63 ± 1.41 cm−1 after coagulation. The thermal response of the phantom was similar to that observed clinically with maximum thermal probe measurements of 64.2 °C and 66.9 °C respectively. The shape of the induced coagulation zone was qualitatively and quantitatively similar to the MRT zone of elevated temperature and the coagulation zone observed clinically. Conclusions: A phantom which simulates optical and thermal response to 980 nm LITT was constructed and demonstrated to be similar to human prostate.

In this present research, the coatings of SA209-T1 using high velocity oxygen fuel were employed for the application of boiler tubes. Due to the adaptation of corrosion easy in boiler material, the research of those properties is significant because of its criticality and functionality during the service time. A right coating was found and applied on the SA209-T1 surface against corrosive environments. Good corrosion resistance is achieved by WC-flyash coatings applied on SA209-T1 substrate. The 90% WC-10% flyash coatings were found to be more protective followed by SA209-T1 steel. WC-flyash covering was tracked down so that the covering is compelling to secure the SA209-T1 steel substrate. It is reasoned that the arrangement of NiO, Cr2O3, CoO, and NiCr2O4 could add to the advancement of consumption opposition in coatings. The steel of uncoated endured erosion as extraordinary stripping and spalling of the scale, which could be because of the development of Fe2O3 oxide scale unprotectively. This paper reveals the performance, applications, and development of 90wt.% WC and 10wt.% fly ash through HVOF coating in SA209-T1 for electrochemical corrosion studies at room temperature.

Abstract Objectives The primary objectives of this study are to determine efficacy of Siddha medicine, Kabasura kudineer in reduction of SARS-CoV-2 viral load and reducing the onset of symptoms in asymptomatic COVID-19 when compared to Vitamin C and Zinc (CZ) supplementation. In addition, the trial will examine the changes in the immunological markers of the Siddha medicine against control. The secondary objectives of the trial are to evaluate the safety of the Siddha medicine and to document clinical profile of asymptomatic COVID-19 as per principles of Siddha system of Medicine. Trial design A single centre, open-label, parallel group (1:1 allocation ratio), exploratory randomized controlled trial. Participants Cases admitted at non-hospital settings designated as COVID Care Centre and managed by the State Government Stanley Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India will be recruited. Eligible participants will be those tested positive for COVID-19 by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain reaction (RT-PCR) aged 18 to 55 years without any symptoms and co-morbidities like diabetes mellitus, hypertension and bronchial asthma. Those pregnant or lactating, with severe respiratory disease, already participating in COVID trials and with severe illness like malignancy will be excluded. Intervention and comparator Adopting traditional methods, decoction of Kabasura kudineer will be prepared by boiling 5g of KSK powder in 240 ml water and reduced to one-fourth (60ml) and filtered. The KSK group will receive a dose of 60ml decoction, orally in the morning and evening after food for 14 days. The control group will receive Vitamin C (60000 IU) and Zinc tablets (100mg) orally in the morning and evening respectively for 14 days. Main outcomes The primary outcomes are the reduction in the SARS-CoV-2 load [as measured by cyclic threshold (CT) value of RT-PCR] from the baseline to that of seventh day of the treatment, prevention of progression of asymptomatic to symptomatic state (clinical symptoms like fever, cough and breathlessness) and changes in the immunity markers [Interleukins (IL) 6, IL10, IL2, Interferon gamma (IFNγ) and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) alpha]. Clinical assessment of COVID-19 as per standard Siddha system of medicine principles and the occurrence of adverse effects will be documented as secondary outcomes. Randomisation The assignment to the study or control group will be allocated in equal numbers through randomization using random number generation in Microsoft Excel by a statistician who is not involved in the trial. The allocation scheme will be made by an independent statistician using a sealed envelope. The participants will be allocated immediately after the eligibility assessment and informed consent procedures. Blinding (masking) This study is unblinded. The investigators will be blinded to data analysis, which will be carried out by a statistician who is not involved in the trial. Numbers to be randomised (sample size) Sample size could not be calculated, as there is no prior trial on KSK. This trial will be a pilot trial. Hence, we intend to recruit 60 participants in total using a 1:1 allocation ratio, with 30 participants randomised into each arm. Trial status Protocol version 2.0 dated 16th May 2020. Recruitment is completed. The trial started recruitment on the 25th May 2020. We anticipate study including data analysis will finish on November 2020. We also stated that protocol was submitted before the end of data collection Trial registration The study protocol was registered with clinical trial registry of India (CTRI) with CTRI/2020/05/025215 on 16 May 2020. Full protocol The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol. The study protocol has been reported in accordance with the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Clinical Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) guidelines (Additional file 2).

A non-intrusive approach coupled with non-uniform rational B-splines based isogeometric finite element method is proposed here. The developed methodology was employed to study the stochastic static bending and free vibration characteristics of functionally graded material plates with inhered material randomness. A first order shear deformation theory with an artificial shear correction factor was used for spatial discretization. The output randomness is represented by polynomial chaos expansion. The robustness and accuracy of the framework were demonstrated by comparing the results with Monte Carlo simulations. A systematic parametric study was carried out to bring out the sensitivity of the input randomness on the stochastic output response using Sobol’ indices. Functionally graded plates made up of Aluminium (Al) and Zirconium Oxide (ZrO2) were considered in all the numerical examples.

For the past one hundred years, lots of easily accessible petroleum fuel has been burned out by humankind in inefficient engines. In this regard, present-day engine researchers face a formidable challenge to achieve the goal of significant improvements in both thermal efficiency and fuel economy. Although the direction to reach this target is critical, homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is just another combustion concept to achieve this target. By the way, this work investigates the combustion phenomena of the HCCI engine by external mixture formation technique. In a nut-shell, an endeavor has been made in this work to prepare homogeneous mixture outside the combustion chamber using a fuel vaporizer system to form a uniform fuel–air mixture. The fundamental research experiments were carried out with vaporized diesel and vaporized e-diesel blends (10% and 20% ethanol substitution by volume), and the results were compared with conventional diesel engine operation. In HCCI mode, the maximum rate of pressure rises and the maximum rate of heat-release significantly reduced with increase of ethanol concentration in diesel. The experimental outcomes exposed that when HCCI engine is operated with e-diesel blend, smooth engine operation is apparent.

The design of systems with high content of CO2 in the process mixture is of increasing importance. This is particularly true for emerging technologies such as Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS); with over twenty CCS installations worldwide (built or under-construction) and many more now progressing through front-end engineering & design and then to final investment decision. The design of the safety depressurization system for both CCS facilities and CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) installations is of particular importance, due to its impact on project costs. As with Oil & Gas processing facilities, the minimum metal temperatures in process equipment and piping are observed during highly transient depressurization operations (“blowdown”). The minimum metal temperature usually limits the material of construction: if metal temperatures below -46 °C (-50 °F) are possible then the usual requirement is to select materials that exhibit ductile behaviour below this point, typically stainless steel. Such choices have a huge impact on project costs, vessel order times and ultimately project viability. The design of the safety depressurization system for CO2 rich mixtures is difficult; CO2 introduces complex thermodynamic behaviour, for example: physical properties that are not accurately predicted by standard equation of state methods, a narrow phase envelope and the potential formation of solid phases during depressurization. Furthermore, physical plant configurations which are sectionalized for depressurization consist of multiple interconnected vessels and significant quantities of piping low points where condensate may accumulate. These locations are shown to be significant to depressuring temperatures. The design of such systems is not handled well using conventional depressurization methodologies; which rely on the representation of an actual plant segment as a single pseudo-vessel volume. In this paper, we present a validated methodology for analysing accurately the depressurization of high pressure gas processing facilities with rich CO2 mixtures. We describe the application of the methodology to the design of a CO2 EOR process.

ABSTRACTA quake-triggered tsunami lashed the Nagapattinam coast of southern India on December 26, 2004 at around 9.00 am (IST). The tsunami caused heavy damage to houses, tourist resorts, fishing boats, prawn culture ponds, soil and crops, and consequently affected the livelihood of large numbers of the coastal communities. The study was carried out in the Tsunami affected villages in the coastal Nagapattinam with the help of remote sensing and geographical information science tools. Through the use of the IRS 1D PAN and LISS 3 merged data and quick bird images, it was found that 1,320 ha of agricultural and non-agricultural lands were affected by the tsunami. The lands were affected by soil erosion, salt deposition, water logging and other deposited sediments and debris. The maximum run-up height of 6.1 m and the maximum seawater inundation distance of 2.2 km were observed at Vadakkupoyyur village in coastal Nagapattinam.Pre and Post Tsunami survey on soil quality showed an increase in pH and EC values, irrespectiveof distance from the sea. The water reaction was found to be in alkaline range (> 8.00) in most of the -1wells. Salinity levels are greater than 4 dS m in all the wells except the ring well. The effect of summer rainfall on soil and water quality showed the dilution of soluble salts. Pumping of water has reduced the salinity levels in the well water samples and as well as in the open ponds. Following the 2004 event, it has become apparent to know the relative tsunami hazard for this coastal Nagapattinam. So, the Tsunami hazard maps are generated using a geographical information systems (GIS) approach and the results showed 20.6 per cent, 63.7 per cent and 15.2 per cent of the study area fall under high hazard, medium hazard and low hazard category respectively.

The piperidine ring of the title compound, C30H26Cl2FN3O2, adopts a twisted chair conformation. The pyrrolidine ring has a twisted envelope structure with the N atom at the flap [displaced by 0.592 (3) Å]. The fluorooxindole, chlorophenyl and chlorobenzylidene groups are planar with r.m.s. deviations of 0.0348, 0.0048 and 0.0048 Å, respectively. The structure is stabilized by intermolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds.

In the title compound, C17H17Cl2NO2, the central 1,4-dihydropyridine ring adopts a flattened-boat conformation. The ethanone substituents of the dihydropyridine ring at positions 3 and 5 have synperiplanar (cis) or antiperiplanar (trans) conformations with respect to the adjacent C=C bonds in the dihydropyridine ring. The 2,4-dichlorophenyl ring is almost planar [r.m.s. deviation = 0.0045 (1) Å] and almost perpendicular [89.27 (3)°] to the mean plane of the dihydropyridine ring. In the crystal, an N—H...O hydrogen bond links molecules into a zigzag chain along the ac diagonal. C—H...Cl contacts form centrosymmetric dimers and additional weak C—H...O contacts further consolidate the packing.

In the title compound, C14H12O4, the indene unit is essentially planar [r.m.s. deviation = 0.0309 (1) Å] and the cyclopentanone ring adopts a twist form. In the crystal, molecules are joined via pairs of O—H...O hydrogen bonds into centrosymmetric dimers.

In the title compound, C4H8N2O3·C4H6O6, the amino acid molecule exists as a zwitterion and the carboxylic acid in an un-ionized state. The tartaric acid molecules are linked into layers parallel to the ab plane by O—H...O hydrogen bonds. The amino acid molecules are also linked into layers parallel to the ab plane by N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds. The alternating tartaric acid and amino acid layers are linked into a three-dimensional framework by N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen bonds.

In the molecular structure of the title compound, C22H27NO6, the dihydropyridine ring adopts a flattened boat conformation while the cyclohexenone ring is in an envelope conformation. In the crystal, molecules stack parallel to the crystallographic a axis linked by intermolecular N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds.

The molecule of the title compound, C28H22O2, is centrosymmetric with the inversion centre located at the mid-point of the C[triple-bond]C bond [1.178 (5) Å]. The hydroxyl groups therefore lie on either side of the molecule. The crystal structure is stabilized by O—H...O hydrogen bonds, leading to the formation of a linear supramolecular chain along the b axis.

Molecules of the title compound, C11H15NO2, are essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.035 Å) and are linked into a chain along the a axis by weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds.

The title compound, C17H12ClNO2, crystallizes with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. The main conformational difference between these two molecules is the dihedral angle between the phenyl ring and the quinoline ring system [70.5 (1)° and 65.5 (1) Å]. The crystal packing is stabilized by N—H...O hydrogen bonds.

In the title compound, C18H14ClNO2, the quinoline ring system is planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.032 Å) and the phenyl ring is twisted away from it by 57.5 (1)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak C—H...π interactions.

In the title compound, C32H24F4N2O, all four six-membered rings that constitute the diazaadamantanone cage adopt chair conformations. Two of the four fluorophenyl substituents occupy axial positions and the other two occupy equatorial positions relative to their respective C5N rings of the adamantane framework. The crystal structure is stabilized by C—H...O interactions, generating a C(5) chain along the a axis.

In the structure of the title compound, [Cd(H2O)6](C6H2N3O7)2·H2O, the CdII ion is located on an inversion center and is coordinated by six water molecules in an octahedral geometry. The picrate anions have no coordination interactions with the CdII ion. The three nitro groups are twisted away from the attached benzene ring, making dihedral angles of 17.89 (3), 27.94 (4) and 13.65 (3)°. There are numerous O—H...O hydrogen bonds in the crystal structure, involving coordinated and uncoordinated water molecules.

In the title compound, C10H7ClN4, the quinoline ring system is planar [maximum deviation 0.0035 (10) Å]. The crystal structure is stabilized by van der Waals and π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distance 3.6456 (17) Å].

In the title compound, C31H24F4N2O, the bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane ring exists in a chair-boat conformation. Two of the four fluorine-substituted rings adopt equatorial dispositions with the piperidin-4-one rings. Molecules are linked into a two-dimensional network parallel to (overline{1}01) by N—H...O, C—H...F and C—H...O hydrogen bonds. Intermolecular N—H...π and C—H...π interactions are also observed.

In the title compound, [Zn(H2O)6](C6H2N3O7)2, the ZnII ion is located on an inversion center and is coordinated by six water molecules in an octahedral geometry. The picrate anions have no coordination interactions with the ZnII atom. The three nitro groups are twisted away from the attached benzene ring by19.8 (3), 6.5 (4) and 28.6 (3)°. There are numerous O—H...O hydrogen bonds in the crystal structure.