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1. Iron limitation induces motility in uropathogenic E. coli CFT073 partially through action of LpdA

Author

A. E. Frick-Cheng, A. E. Shea, J. R. Roberts, S. N. Smith, M. D. Ohi, and H. L. T. Mobley

Subjects
flagellar motility, iron regulation, urinary tract infection, flagellar gene regulation, pathogenesis, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

ABSTRACT More than half of women will experience a urinary tract infection (UTI) with most cases caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Bacterial swimming motility enhances UPEC pathogenicity, resulting in more severe disease outcomes including kidney infection. Surprisingly, the connection between motility and iron limitation is mostly unexplored despite the lack of free iron available in the host. We sought to investigate a potential connection between iron restriction and regulation of motility in UPEC. We cultured E. coli CFT073, a prototypical UPEC strain, under iron limitation and observed that CFT073 had elevated fliC (flagella) promoter activity, and this iron-specific response was repressed by the addition of exogenous iron. We confirmed increased flagellar expression in CFT073 by measuring fliC transcript, FliC protein, and surface-expressed flagella under iron-limited conditions. Interestingly, known motility regulator flhDC did not have altered transcription under these conditions. To define the regulatory mechanism of this response, we constructed single knockouts of eight master regulators and found the iron-regulated response was lost in crp, arcA, and fis mutants. Thus, we focused on the five genes regulated by all three regulators. Of the five genes knocked out, the iron-regulated motility response was most strongly dysregulated in the lpdA mutant, which also resulted in significantly lowered fitness in the murine model of ascending UTI, both against the WT and a non-motile fliC mutant. Collectively, we demonstrated that iron-mediated motility in CFT073 is partially regulated by lpdA, which contributes to the understanding of how uropathogens differentially regulate motility mechanisms in the iron-restricted host.IMPORTANCEUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are ubiquitous and responsible for over five billion dollars in associated health care costs annually. Both iron acquisition and motility are highly studied virulence factors associated with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), the main causative agent of uncomplicated UTI. This work is innovative by providing mechanistic insight into the synergistic relationship between these two critical virulence properties. Here, we demonstrate that iron limitation has pleiotropic effects with consequences that extend beyond metabolism and impact other virulence mechanisms. Indeed, targeting iron acquisition as a therapy may lead to an undesirable enhancement of UPEC pathogenesis through increased motility. It is vital to understand the full breadth of UPEC pathogenesis to adequately respond to this common infection, especially with the increase of antibiotic-resistant pathogens.

Published
2024
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2. Phenotypic Assessment of Clinical Escherichia coli Isolates as an Indicator for Uropathogenic Potential

Author

A. E. Shea, A. E. Frick-Cheng, S. N. Smith, and H. L. T. Mobley

Subjects
UPEC, UTI, clinical isolates, pathogenesis, virulence, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

ABSTRACT For women in the United States, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most frequent diagnosis in emergency departments, comprising 21.3% of total visits. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) causes ~80% of uncomplicated UTIs. To combat this public health issue, it is vital to characterize UPEC strains as well as to differentiate them from commensal strains to reduce the overuse of antibiotics. It has been challenging to determine a consistent genetic signature that clearly distinguishes UPEC from other E. coli strains. Therefore, we examined whether phenotypic data could be predictive of uropathogenic potential. We screened 13 clinical strains of UPEC, isolated from cases of uncomplicated UTI in young otherwise healthy women, in a series of microbiological phenotypic assays using UPEC prototype strain CFT073 and nonpathogenic E. coli strain MG1655 K-12 as controls. Phenotypes included adherence, iron acquisition, biofilm formation, human serum resistance, motility, and stress resistance. By use of a well-established experimental mouse model of UTI, these data were able to predict the severity of the bacterial burden in both the urine and bladders. Multiple linear regression using three different phenotypic assays, i.e., growth in minimal medium, siderophore production, and type 1 fimbrial expression, was predictive of bladder colonization (adjusted R2 = 0.6411). Growth in ex vivo human urine, hemagglutination of red blood cells, and motility modeled urine colonization (adjusted R2 = 0.4821). These results showcase the utility of phenotypic characterization to predict the severity of infection that these strains may cause. We predict that these methods will also be applicable to other complex, genetically redundant, pathogens. IMPORTANCE Urinary tract infections are the second leading infectious disease worldwide, occurring in over half of the female population during their lifetime. Most infections are caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains. These strains can establish a reservoir in the gut, in which they do not cause disease but, upon introduction to the urinary tract, can infect the host and elicit pathogenesis. Clinically, it would be beneficial to screen patient E. coli strains to understand their pathogenic potential, which may lead to the administration of prophylactic antibiotic treatment for those with increased risk. Others have proposed the use of PCR-based genetic screening methods to detect UPEC strains and differentiate them from other E. coli pathotypes; however, this method has not yielded a consistent uropathogenic genetic signature. Here, we used phenotypic characteristics such as growth rate, siderophore production, and expression of fimbriae to better predict uropathogenic potential.

Published
2022
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3. Modeling natural emissions in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Model–I: building an emissions data base

Author

S. F. Mueller and S. N. Smith

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

A natural emissions inventory for the continental United States and surrounding territories is needed in order to use the US Environmental Protection Agency Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Model for simulating natural air quality. The CMAQ air modeling system (including the Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) emissions processing system) currently estimates non-methane volatile organic compound (NMVOC) emissions from biogenic sources, nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from soils, ammonia from animals, several types of particulate and reactive gas emissions from fires, as well as sea salt emissions. However, there are several emission categories that are not commonly treated by the standard CMAQ Model system. Most notable among these are nitrogen oxide emissions from lightning, reduced sulfur emissions from oceans, geothermal features and other continental sources, windblown dust particulate, and reactive chlorine gas emissions linked with sea salt chloride. A review of past emissions modeling work and existing global emissions data bases provides information and data necessary for preparing a more complete natural emissions data base for CMAQ applications. A model-ready natural emissions data base is developed to complement the anthropogenic emissions inventory used by the VISTAS Regional Planning Organization in its work analyzing regional haze based on the year 2002. This new data base covers a modeling domain that includes the continental United States plus large portions of Canada, Mexico and surrounding oceans. Comparing July 2002 source data reveals that natural emissions account for 16% of total gaseous sulfur (sulfur dioxide, dimethylsulfide and hydrogen sulfide), 44% of total NOx, 80% of reactive carbonaceous gases (NMVOCs and carbon monoxide), 28% of ammonia, 96% of total chlorine (hydrochloric acid, nitryl chloride and sea salt chloride), and 84% of fine particles (i.e., those smaller than 2.5 μm in size) released into the atmosphere. The seasonality and relative importance of the various natural emissions categories are described.

Published
2010
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4. The Distribution of Fusarium Wilt of Blackeyed Cowpeas within California Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum Race 4

Author

Steve R. Temple, S. N. Smith, D. M. Helms, and C. Frate

Subjects
Vigna, Horticulture, Race (biology), biology, Agronomy, Fusarium oxysporum, food and beverages, Plant Science, Cultivar, San Joaquin, biology.organism_classification, Agronomy and Crop Science, Fusarium wilt
Abstract

Fusarium wilt of blackeyed cowpeas has been known in California since the 1930s, and breeding for resistance to this disease pathogen has been a continuous effort. During the 1960s and 1970s, California Blackeye 5 (CB 5) cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.), a widely grown cultivar of the time, became increasingly diseased by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum (Fot) Race 3 (2) throughout the growing regions of California. University of California cultivars CB 46 and CB 88 (1) were developed for resistance to Fot Races 1, 2, and 3. CB 46 is currently the principal blackeye cultivar grown on the majority of the acreage in the San Joaquin Valley. In 1989, a new race we designate “Fot Race 4” was isolated from wilted plants at a single field site in Stanislaus County. In years prior to identification, Fot Race 4 had caused severe wilt of CB 46 and CB 88 in this field. Even though the new Fot Race 4 remained confined to a small area for a number of years, sources of host plant resistance to Fot Race 4 were identified, hybridized, and screened, resulting in new progeny with desirable commercial agronomic characteristics. As observed in Stanislaus County, F. oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum Race 4 has the potential to cause serious crop damage, depending on virulence and soil inoculum levels, which may vary from year to year. In 1997 and 1998, an entirely different area in the southern San Joaquin Valley, about 140 miles from the original site in Stanislaus County, was found to have plants infected with Fot Race 4. Diseased plants were collected from patches in three separate CB 46 or CB 88 field sites in Tulare County. About 30 cultures were isolated from the diseased plants, which showed stunting, yellowing, and vascular discoloration. In greenhouse fusarium dip tests CB 46, CB 88, CB 5, and several Fot Race 4 resistant breeding lines were inoculated with all the collected isolates and evaluated. CB 46, CB 88, and CB 5 proved to be susceptible to these isolates, showing typical Fot Race 4 symptoms. The Fot Race 4 pathogen was then reisolated from greenhouse-grown, diseased stem tissue of CB 46, CB 88, and CB 5. These findings emphasize the importance of vigilance and necessity of continual disease surveys. They serve as an early alert for the University of California breeding program, and validate local cooperation with University of California Extension Farm Advisors. As a result of this effort new cultivar candidates with resistance to Fot Race 4 are in the final phases of multi-year commercial testing. References: (1) D. M. Helms et al. Crop Sci. 31:1703, 1991. (2) K. S. Rigert and K. W. Foster. Crop Sci. 27:220, 1987.

Published
2019

5. Association of Phialophora gregata with Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi in Garbanzo Beans in California

Author

S. N. Smith

Subjects
Inoculation, food and beverages, Plant Science, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Fusarium wilt, Crop, Horticulture, Sativum, Botany, Cultivar, Phialophora gregata, Agronomy and Crop Science, Fusarium solani, Vascular tissue
Abstract

In 1992, a vascular disease was found in two fields of cultivar UC-15 garbanzo beans (Cicer arietinum). The fields were located on the central coast of California and Phialophora gregata was consistently isolated from the aboveground tissue in the host UC-15 plants. Diseased patches in the fields mimicked the more common Fusarium wilt with its discolored vascular tissue in the stems, but in these instances P. gregata was the sole fungus that grew out of the tissue after 5 to 8 days of incubation on isolation agar. Greenhouse pathogenicity tests yielded only minor symptoms whether a dip technique or stem puncture inoculations were used. In subsequent years it was noted that this disease was observed only in garbanzo fields where a pea crop (Pisum sativum) had been previously grown. Further isolation from small foot and root lesions of diseased field plants revealed that they were infected with Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi (Fsp) in addition to P. gregata. In greenhouse experiments with a combination of soilborne Fsp and/or stem inoculations with P. gregata, both pathogens infected the host. The symptoms from both pathogens, the strongest including occasional plant death, were similar to those observed in the fields. The effect was more than additive. Neither pathogen alone caused severe damage. In these tests Fsp was reisolated from root and foot cortical tissue along with P. gregata from stem vascular tissue near the top of the plants. Peas were an important crop along the central coast long before garbanzo beans were grown there. Fsp, a pathogen of both pea and garbanzo bean (1), has been known to attack garbanzos there since 1973 (2). The presence of yet another vascular disease of significance in this coastal area, besides those caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri and Verticillium dahliae, has not been previously noted. Help in identification of P. gregata came from Diane Fogle, California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento. References: (1) J. M. Kraft. Plant Dis. Rep. 53:110, 1969. (2) F. V. Westerlund Jr., et al. Phytopathology 64:432, 1974.

Published
2019

6. Real-time supernova neutrino burst monitor at Super-Kamiokande

Author

A. T. Suzuki, J. F. Martin, T. Nakadaira, G. Carminati, Makoto Sakuda, K. Iyogi, J. L. Raaf, K. Sakashita, K. Kaneyuki, Takaaki Kajita, T. Sekiguchi, E. Kearns, R. A. Wendell, Masashi Yokoyama, Yasunari Suzuki, Y. Hayato, M. Ikeda, John Hill, S. B. Kim, J. Y. Kim, M. Goldhaber, S. N. Smith, Seiko Hirota, T. Kikawa, C. Yanagisawa, Yejin Zhang, T. Ishizuka, L. Marti, K. Tateishi, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, J. S. Jang, A. Himmel, Song Chen, K. Nishijima, W. R. Kropp, S. Tobayama, Takaaki Mori, Kate Scholberg, W. E. Keig, V. Takhistov, Atsushi Takeda, Shigeki Tasaka, E. Richard, J. L. Stone, L. R. Sulak, K. Ieki, Yusuke Suda, Hirokazu Ishino, K. S. Ganezer, R. J. Wilkes, S. Moriyama, R. Tacik, Masayuki Nakahata, I. Kametani, M. Miura, L. Labarga, T. Kobayashi, K. P. Lee, C. K. Jung, Yoshitaka Itow, J. Imber, Masato Shiozawa, Y. Choi, Koh Ueno, H.A. Tanaka, M. J. Wilking, Yasuhiro Kishimoto, A. Konaka, M. B. Smy, Kimihiro Okumura, T. Tomura, H. Okazawa, Y. Kuno, S. Nakayama, T. Yokozawa, T. Tsukamoto, C. Bronner, T. Akiri, B. L. Hartfiel, S. Mine, S. Berkman, J. G. Learned, J. Gustafson, S. Matsuno, T. McLachlan, Takehisa Hasegawa, J. Kameda, P. Fernandez, K. Connolly, P. Mijakowski, K. Choi, K. Huang, Kazuhiro Suzuki, A. Kibayashi, Y. Koshio, T. Ishida, M. Koshiba, H. K. Tanaka, M. R. Vagins, A. Murakami, A. Minamino, G. Mitsuka, I. T. Lim, P. de Perio, T. Yano, A. L. Renshaw, Kenzo Nakamura, Yuichi Oyama, R. Yamaguchi, K. Abe, Y. Totsuka, Susumu Takahashi, T. Wongjirad, Y. Takeuchi, T. Ishii, K. Martens, Y. Nishimura, C. W. Walter, N. Hong, Joshua Hignight, Hiroyuki Sekiya, Y. Fukuda, Yuuki Nakano, T. J. Irvine, Y. Haga, P. Weatherly, and H. W. Sobel

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Solar neutrino, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Solar neutrino problem, 01 natural sciences, Cosmic neutrino background, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Neutrino detector, 0103 physical sciences, Measurements of neutrino speed, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino astronomy, Neutrino, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Super-Kamiokande, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract

We present a real-time supernova neutrino burst monitor at Super-Kamiokande (SK). Detecting supernova explosions by neutrinos in real time is crucial for giving a clear picture of the explosion mechanism. Since the neutrinos are expected to come earlier than light, a fast broadcasting of the detection may give astronomers a chance to make electromagnetic radiation observations of the explosions right at the onset. The role of the monitor includes a fast announcement of the neutrino burst detection to the world and a determination of the supernova direction. We present the online neutrino burst detection system and studies of the direction determination accuracy based on simulations at SK., 15 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics

Published
2016

7. Supernova Relic Neutrino search with neutron tagging at Super-Kamiokande-IV

Author

Y. Takeuchi, T.S. Tanaka, K. Nishikawa, C. Yanagisawa, A. T. Suzuki, K. Nishijima, L. R. Sulak, Hirokazu Ishino, Takaaki Kajita, J. F. Martin, Yuichi Oyama, R. A. Wendell, T. Nakadaira, P. dePerio, M. B. Smy, H. W. Sobel, Koh Ueno, Atsushi Takeda, A. Konaka, Yusuke Koshio, Makoto Sakuda, Y. Nishimura, Takaaki Mori, Shigeki Tasaka, J. L. Stone, Y. Hayato, S. Nakayama, J. L. Raaf, R. Tacik, R. Yamaguchi, K. Nakamura, I. Taylor, C. K. Jung, G. Carminati, K. Abe, A. Minamino, T. Tomura, A. Murakami, C. W. Walter, T. Yokozawa, H. Okazawa, K. Iyogi, John Hill, S. Moriyama, M. Ikeda, T. Yano, Masato Shiozawa, Y. Choi, Masayuki Nakahata, G. Mitsuka, A. L. Renshaw, T. Tsukamoto, K. Sakashita, K. P. Lee, Joshua Hignight, I. T. Lim, L. Labarga, T. Kobayashi, Hiroyuki Sekiya, K. Choi, Y. Totsuka, Susumu Takahashi, M. J. Wilking, Kimihiro Okumura, Y. Fukuda, K. Kaneyuki, T. Wongjirad, M. Koshiba, T. Ishida, M. Vagins, M. Goldhaber, T. Sekiguchi, W. E. Keig, S. Matsuno, Yejin Zhang, K. Bays, H. Kaji, H. Sui, Song Chen, J. Kameda, Yuuki Nakano, S. N. Smith, Yoshitaka Itow, Yasunari Suzuki, Y. Kuno, P. Mijakowski, H. Kikawa, J. G. Learned, W. R. Kropp, S. Tobayama, Zishuo Yang, Kate Scholberg, M. Dziomba, Kazuhiro Suzuki, H. Zhang, T. McLachlan, Ll. Marti, E. Kearns, S. Barkman, K. Martens, S. Mine, K. S. Ganezer, Masashi Yokoyama, S. B. Kim, J. Y. Kim, K. Huang, A. Kibayashi, K. Ieki, R. J. Wilkes, T. Ishii, T. Ishizuka, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, T. Akiri, T. Hasegawa, Yasuhiro Kishimoto, Y. Takenaga, M. Miura, J. S. Jang, K. Connolly, and J. Imber

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Photon energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, Supernova, Neutron capture, Neutron, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Experimental methods, Neutrino, Super-Kamiokande, Nuclear Experiment, Charged current
Abstract

A search for Supernova Relic Neutrinos $\bar{\nu}_e$'s is first conducted via inverse-beta-decay by tagging neutron capture on hydrogen at Super-Kamiokande-IV. The neutron tagging efficiency is determined to be $(17.74\pm0.04_{stat.}\pm1.05_{sys.})%$, while the corresponding accidental background probability is $(1.06\pm0.01_{stat.}\pm 0.18_{sys.})$%. Using 960 days of data, we obtain 13 inverse-beta-decay candidates in the range of $E_{\bar{\nu}_e}$ between 13.3 MeV and 31.3 MeV. All of the observed candidates are attributed to background. Upper limits at 90% C.L. are calculated in the absence of a signal., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2015
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8. Search for nucleon decay into charged antilepton plus meson in 0.316 megaton·years exposure of the Super-Kamiokande water Cherenkov detector

Author

A. T. Suzuki, Atsushi Takeda, J. F. Martin, N. D. Patel, Yusuke Suda, C. Vilela, T. Nakadaira, C. Xu, Makoto Sakuda, K. Ito, H. W. Sobel, Y. Takeuchi, T. Kajita, B. Quilain, M. B. Smy, Y. Sonoda, M. Elnimr, K. Sakashita, A. Konaka, Francesco Muto, Xiao-yan Li, T. Hasegawa, A. Cole, J. L. Stone, Y. Okajima, Yusuke Koshio, Ll. Marti, H. K. Tanaka, Kimihiro Okumura, M. Goldhaber, A. Pritchard, Yoshitaka Itow, J. L. Raaf, M. Miura, J. L. Palomino, R. A. Wendell, K. Choi, Pablo Fernandez, L. R. Sulak, C. Kachulis, J. Amey, T. Hayashino, H.A. Tanaka, G. Pronost, M. Friend, S. Cao, N. McCauley, C. M. Nantais, K. Huang, Z. Li, Song Chen, Makoto Hasegawa, C. W. Walter, Shintaro Ito, A. Kibayashi, C Shimpson, C. Bronner, Shigeki Tasaka, Lester D.R. Thompson, S. Tobayama, J. G. Learned, D. L. Wark, Takahiro Hiraki, M. Koshiba, S. N. Smith, Y. M. Zhang, J. S. Jang, R. G. Park, T. Tomura, K. S. Ganezer, S. Nakayama, Hiroyuki Sekiya, H. Nagata, A. Takenaka, F. d. M. Blaszczyk, H. Okazawa, M. J. Wilking, Soo-Bong Kim, Y. Fukuda, I. T. Lim, Takhistov, Yuichi Oyama, L. Wan, L. Labarga, M. Jiang, T. Nakamura, R. P. Litchfield, Ke. Abe, Takashi Kobayashi, T. Tsukamoto, C. Yanagisawa, S. Berkman, P. Weatherly, J. Kameda, A. Minamino, K. Abe, Yuji Kishimoto, S. Matsuno, Lhv Anthony, T. Ishida, P. Mijakowski, Kalen Martens, T. Yano, B. Richards, R. Akutsu, Ke. Nakamura, M. O. Wascko, R. Tacik, D. Fukuda, K. Kaneyuki, Yuuki Nakano, Y. Nishimura, Yoshihiro Suzuki, Y. Totsuka, Jy Kim, A. Himmel, R. G. Calland, K. Nishijima, T. Sekiguchi, Erin O'Sullivan, F. Di Lodovico, Y. Kuno, Yuta Kato, C. K. Jung, T. Ishii, M. Ikeda, Masato Shiozawa, Y. Choi, Y. Hayato, S. Locke, J. C. Hill, E. Kearns, Seiko Hirota, Masashi Yokoyama, T. Ishizuka, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, M. Hartz, K. Iyogi, W. Y. Ma, R. J. Wilkes, Hirokazu Ishino, Vagins, S. Mine, K. M. Tsui, J. Gustafson, Kate Scholberg, W. R. Kropp, K. Nakamura, K. Frankiewicz, A. Orii, S. Moriyama, G. Santucci, Masayuki Nakahata, Y. Uchida, and M. Murase

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Proton, Meson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Cherenkov detector, Nuclear Theory, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Pion, law, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Super-Kamiokande, Lepton
Abstract

We have searched for proton decays into a charged antilepton (e+, μ+) plus a meson (η, ρ0, ω) and for neutron decays into a charged antilepton (e+, μ+) plus a meson (π−, ρ−) using Super-Kamiokande I-IV data, corresponding to 0.316 megaton⋅years of exposure. This measurement updates the previous published result by using 2.26 times more data and improved analysis methods. No significant evidence for nucleon decay is observed and lower limits on the partial lifetime of the nucleon are obtained. The limits range from 3×1031 to 1×1034 years at 90% confidence level, depending on the decay mode.

Published
2017

9. Search for proton decay via p→e+π0 and p→μ+π0 in 0.31 megaton·years exposure of the Super-Kamiokande water Cherenkov detector

Author

M. J. Wilking, H. W. Sobel, Y. Takeuchi, Y. Totsuka, T. Wongjirad, T. Kajita, Tomohiko Nakajima, Yuichi Oyama, Seiko Hirota, T. Kikawa, T. Ishii, A. T. Suzuki, J. C. Hill, J. F. Martin, T. Nakadaira, M. Friend, Makoto Sakuda, Y. Nishimura, N. Hong, C. W. Walter, Joshua Hignight, Kate Scholberg, T. Sekiguchi, Erin O'Sullivan, S. N. Smith, W. R. Kropp, S. Tobayama, C. Kachulis, Atsushi Takeda, T. Tsukamoto, Shigeki Tasaka, J. Kameda, Yasunari Suzuki, J. S. Jang, J. L. Palomino, M. Koshiba, Hiroyuki Sekiya, P. Mijakowski, Kalen Martens, Y. Fukuda, Hiromasa Tanaka, R. G. Park, M. R. Vagins, Ko Okumura, K. Iyogi, Y. M. Zhang, T. Yano, V. Takhistov, S. Mine, T. J. Irvine, T. Ishida, Kazuhiro Suzuki, J. Gustafson, Takaaki Mori, Ke. Abe, P. Weatherly, Song Chen, J. L. Stone, Takehisa Hasegawa, S. Berkman, J. L. Raaf, Z. Li, K. Sakashita, A. Minamino, Y. Hayato, T. Suzuki, S. Nakayama, R. A. Wendell, Hirokazu Ishino, Yuji Kishimoto, I. T. Lim, K. Choi, K. Nakamura, Pablo Fernandez, Y. Kuno, M. Goldhaber, C. M. Nantais, R. Tacik, D. Fukuda, K. Kaneyuki, S. Moriyama, Yoshitaka Itow, T. Tomura, M. Miura, K. Huang, A. Kibayashi, Masayuki Nakahata, L. Labarga, H. Okazawa, H.A. Tanaka, T. Kobayashi, K. S. Ganezer, S. Cao, C. Bronner, J. G. Learned, S. Matsuno, C. Yanagisawa, E. Richard, Y. Haga, Yuuki Nakano, M. Hartz, R. J. Wilkes, K. Nishijima, Brandon L. Hartfiel, K. Frankiewicz, S. B. Kim, J. Y. Kim, A. Orii, C. Xu, A. Himmel, E. Kearns, A. Konaka, Masashi Yokoyama, Yusuke Koshio, T. Ishizuka, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, C. K. Jung, M. Ikeda, Masato Shiozawa, Y. Choi, Takahiro Hiraki, T. Kayano, Yusuke Suda, J. Imber, L. R. Sulak, Xiao-yan Li, Ll. Marti, M. B. Smy, and R. Akutsu

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Cherenkov detector, Proton decay, Hydrogen atom, Expected value, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Nuclear physics, 13. Climate action, law, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, Neutrino, 010306 general physics, Super-Kamiokande
Abstract

We have searched for proton decay via p→e+π0 and p→μ+π0 using Super-Kamiokande data from April 1996 to March 2015, 0.306 megaton·years exposure in total. The atmospheric neutrino background rate in Super-Kamiokande IV is reduced to almost half that of phase I-III by tagging neutrons associated with neutrino interactions. The reach of the proton lifetime is further enhanced by introducing new signal criteria that select the decay of a proton in a hydrogen atom. No candidates were seen in the p→e+π0 search. Two candidates that passed all of the selection criteria for p→μ+π0 have been observed, but these are consistent with the expected number of background events of 0.87. Lower limits on the proton lifetime are set at τ/B(p→e+π0)>1.6×1034 years and τ/B(p→μ+π0)>7.7×1033 years at 90% confidence level.

Published
2017

10. Search for Boosted Dark Matter Interacting With Electrons in Super-Kamiokande

Author

L. H. V. Anthony, Makoto Hasegawa, C. Xu, Takahiro Hiraki, Takaaki Kajita, S. Berkman, Y. Nishimura, K. Iyogi, W. Y. Ma, Y. Takeuchi, J. S. Jang, R. A. Wendell, Y. Sonoda, Seiko Hirota, Masahiro Kuze, A. Himmel, R. G. Calland, S. N. Smith, Yuichi Oyama, Atsushi Takeda, Song Chen, K. E. Nakamura, A. T. Suzuki, K. S. Ganezer, L. Labarga, R. P. Litchfield, V. Takhistov, Yoshihiro Suzuki, T. Kobayashi, M. R. Vagins, M. Ikeda, J. F. Martin, T. Nakadaira, Yoshitaka Itow, K. Nakamura, T. Ishii, M. Friend, C. Simpson, C. Bronner, Makoto Sakuda, K. Ito, J. L. Stone, G. Pronost, Shigeki Tasaka, W. R. Kropp, C. W. Walter, A. Pritchard, Y. Totsuka, C. Yanagisawa, K. Abe, S. Moriyama, Yusuke Suda, C. Vilela, C. Kachulis, T. Tsukamoto, E. Kearns, S. V. Cao, G. Santucci, Takashi Yoshida, Masayuki Nakahata, A. Cole, T. Nakamura, M. Elnimr, Y. Hayato, Francesco Muto, Y. Uchida, K. Sakashita, Masashi Yokoyama, M. Miura, J. L. Palomino, K. Nishijima, K. Frankiewicz, Hiroyuki Sekiya, T. Tomura, S. Locke, Soo-Bong Kim, M. B. Smy, N. D. Patel, Y. Fukuda, Yoshitaka Kuno, L. Wan, T. Ishizuka, H. Okazawa, Xiao-yan Li, J. Y. Kim, K. Kaneyuki, M. Goldhaber, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, J. Kameda, Ll. Marti, A. Orii, M. Koshiba, C. K. Jung, M. Hartz, J. Amey, H. A. Tanaka, M. Jiang, T. Sekiguchi, Erin O'Sullivan, S. Matsuno, M. Murase, Masato Shiozawa, Y. Choi, K. Choi, R. G. Park, John Hill, Yasuhiro Kishimoto, P. Mijakowski, M. J. Wilking, D. L. Wark, I. T. Lim, H. W. Sobel, R. J. Wilkes, D. Hamabe, T. Hayashino, A. Konaka, T. Hasegawa, Yusuke Koshio, Z. Li, R. Akutsu, Masaki Ishitsuka, B. Quilain, T. Ishida, Ke. Abe, M. O. Wascko, Y. Okajima, H. Nagata, Pablo Fernandez, J. G. Learned, A. Minamino, H. K. Tanaka, T. Yano, Kimihiro Okumura, N. McCauley, C. M. Nantais, J. L. Raaf, K. Martens, K. Huang, A. Kibayashi, S. Mine, K. M. Tsui, J. Gustafson, Lester D.R. Thompson, Shintaro Ito, Yuuki Nakano, F. d. M. Blaszczyk, P. Weatherly, B. Richards, S. Tobayama, Y. M. Zhang, S. Nakayama, A. Takenaka, Hirokazu Ishino, Kate Scholberg, R. Tacik, D. Fukuda, F. Di Lodovico, L. R. Sulak, Yuta Kato, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)

Subjects
General Physics, Cold dark matter, Dark matter, Physics, Multidisciplinary, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Electron, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Super-Kamiokande Collaboration, Physics, Annihilation, Science & Technology, 02 Physical Sciences, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, Galactic Center, CONSTRAINTS, hep-ph, Galaxy, GALAXIES, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Neutrino detector, 13. Climate action, Physical Sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Super-Kamiokande
Abstract

A search for boosted dark matter using 161.9 kt yr of Super-Kamiokande IV data is presented. We search for an excess of elastically scattered electrons above the atmospheric neutrino background, with a visible energy between 100 MeV and 1 TeV, pointing back to the Galactic center or the Sun. No such excess is observed. Limits on boosted dark matter event rates in multiple angular cones around the Galactic center and Sun are calculated. Limits are also calculated for a baseline model of boosted dark matter produced from cold dark matter annihilation or decay. This is the first experimental search for boosted dark matter from the Galactic center or the Sun interacting in a terrestrial detector.

Published
2017
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11. Measurement of the tau neutrino cross section in atmospheric neutrino oscillations with Super-Kamiokande

Author

K. Iyogi, W. Y. Ma, K. S. Ganezer, Yuuki Nakano, R. A. Wendell, A. T. Suzuki, J. F. Martin, Takahiro Hiraki, T. Hasegawa, Z. Li, T. Nakadaira, C. Simpson, T. Nakamura, Makoto Sakuda, K. Ito, C. Yanagisawa, J. Amey, L. H. V. Anthony, C. Kachulis, J. Kameda, N. McCauley, C. M. Nantais, Atsushi Takeda, Kimihiro Okumura, J. L. Palomino, P. Mijakowski, K. Huang, B. Quilain, R. Tacik, D. Fukuda, A. Kibayashi, S. Cao, C. Xu, K. Nishijima, Susana Molina Sedgwick, M. O. Wascko, J. L. Raaf, C. Bronner, Lester D.R. Thompson, Y. Hayato, Takaaki Kajita, T. Towstego, M. R. Vagins, T. Tsukamoto, T. Ishii, Yusuke Suda, Masaki Ishitsuka, J. G. Learned, S. Moriyama, C. Vilela, A. Minamino, K. Sakashita, S. Locke, T. Yoshida, G. Santucci, M. Ikeda, Masayuki Nakahata, Y. Uchida, F. d. M. Blaszczyk, T. Yano, C. W. Walter, L. R. Sulak, T. Sekiguchi, Erin O'Sullivan, K. Martens, Y. Nakajima, M. B. Smy, Xiao-yan Li, M. Jiang, K. E. Nakamura, L. Labarga, I. T. Lim, Volodymyr Takhistov, P. Weatherly, B. Richards, Y. Nishimura, M. Murdoch, Yasuhiro Kishimoto, Takashi Kobayashi, K. Frankiewicz, Ll. Marti, M. Murase, M. Koshiba, H. A. Tanaka, Yuta Kato, R. G. Park, T. Ishida, M. J. Wilking, S. N. Smith, H. K. Tanaka, Yoshihiro Suzuki, Makoto Hasegawa, R. Akutsu, R. J. Wilkes, Francesco Muto, A. Cole, J. Y. Kim, Kate Scholberg, Ke. Abe, A. Orii, S. Berkman, M. Miura, Seiko Hirota, J. L. Stone, Hiroyuki Sekiya, Y. Okajima, A. Pritchard, M. Hartz, Soo-Bong Kim, Yuichi Oyama, Y. Fukuda, R. P. Litchfield, S. Nakayama, A. Takenaka, L. Wan, F. Di Lodovico, S. Tobayama, K. Abe, K. Nakamura, M. Kuze, Y. Takeuchi, Shintaro Ito, W. R. Kropp, Y. M. Zhang, T. Hayashino, H. W. Sobel, D. Hamabe, M. Friend, S. Mine, K. M. Tsui, A. Konaka, Yusuke Koshio, H. Nagata, G. Yang, J. Gustafson, Hirokazu Ishino, T. Tomura, Yoshitaka Kuno, H. Okazawa, S. Matsuno, Shigeki Tasaka, M. Elnimr, K. Choi, Pablo Fernandez, J. S. Jang, A. Himmel, R. G. Calland, E. Kearns, Masashi Yokoyama, N. D. Patel, T. Ishizuka, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, C. K. Jung, Masato Shiozawa, Y. Choi, Y. Sonoda, Yoshitaka Itow, G. Pronost, John Hill, D. L. Wark, M. Mori, Song Chen, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)

Subjects
Particle physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Solar neutrino, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Physics, Particles & Fields, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Tau neutrino, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Neutrino oscillation, DETECTOR, Charged current, Physics, Science & Technology, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Solar neutrino problem, Physical Sciences, Measurements of neutrino speed, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Super-Kamiokande
Abstract

Using 5326 days of atmospheric neutrino data, a search for atmospheric tau neutrino appearance has been performed in the Super-Kamiokande experiment. Super-Kamiokande measures the tau normalization to be 1.47±0.32 under the assumption of normal neutrino hierarchy, relative to the expectation of unity with neutrino oscillation. The result excludes the hypothesis of no-tau appearance with a significance level of 4.6σ. The inclusive charged-current tau neutrino cross section averaged by the tau neutrino flux at Super-Kamiokande is measured to be (0.94±0.20)×10−38 cm2. The measurement is consistent with the Standard Model prediction, agreeing to within 1.5σ.

Published
2017
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12. Search for Neutrinos in Super-Kamiokande associated with Gravitational Wave Events GW150914 and GW151226

Author

Takahiro Hiraki, Y. Totsuka, S. Cao, Hirokazu Ishino, C. Bronner, T. Kayano, C. W. Walter, K. Sakashita, J. G. Learned, Seiko Hirota, J. S. Jang, A. T. Suzuki, T. Tsukamoto, Yoshitaka Itow, C. Xu, H. K. Tanaka, R. J. Wilkes, Takaaki Kajita, T. Ishida, J. F. Martin, J. L. Raaf, M. Goldhaber, Hiroyuki Sekiya, T. Nakadaira, A. Himmel, Yejin Zhang, T. Ishii, Y. Fukuda, L. Wan, Y. Kuno, Makoto Sakuda, R. G. Calland, T. Suzuki, Z. Li, Shigeki Tasaka, Y. Takeuchi, C. Kachulis, V. Takhistov, K. Huang, K. Haga, Atsushi Takeda, S. Mine, A. Kibayashi, C. Yanagisawa, J. L. Palomino, Y. Hayato, B. L. Hartfiel, John Hill, K. Martens, M. Miura, J. Gustafson, L. Labarga, Y. Nishimura, K. Nishijima, T. Kobayashi, A. Konaka, Takehisa Hasegawa, K. Kaneyuki, N. Hong, Tomohiko Nakajima, T. Sekiguchi, Erin O'Sullivan, M. Friend, M. R. Vagins, Kimihiro Okumura, Joshua Hignight, Yusuke Koshio, H. A. Tanaka, T. Tomura, Yasunari Suzuki, K. Iyogi, C. K. Jung, S. Moriyama, R. A. Wendell, Kate Scholberg, G. Santucci, Masayuki Nakahata, H. Okazawa, Takaaki Mori, E. Richard, M. Hartz, Song Chen, I. T. Lim, W. R. Kropp, Masato Shiozawa, Y. Choi, S. Tobayama, M. Jiang, J. L. Stone, Yasuhiro Kishimoto, M. Ikeda, S. Nakayama, L. R. Sulak, T. Yano, K. Nakamura, R. Tacik, D. Fukuda, S. Matsuno, C. Nantais, S. B. Kim, J. Y. Kim, J. Kameda, A. Orii, E. Kearns, Masashi Yokoyama, K. Choi, Pablo Fernandez, P. Mijakowski, N. D. Patel, T. Ishizuka, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, Kazuhiro Suzuki, S. N. Smith, Yusuke Suda, K. S. Ganezer, M. J. Wilking, K. Frankiewicz, T. Nakamura, J. Imber, M. B. Smy, Xiao-yan Li, Ll. Marti, S. Berkman, Yuichi Oyama, A. Minamino, K. Abe, M. Koshiba, R. G. Park, F. d. M. Blaszczyk, P. Weatherly, R. Akutsu, Yuuki Nakano, H. W. Sobel, and UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Gravitational waves, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Coincident, 0103 physical sciences, GW151226, Neutrinos, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Zenith, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Astroparticle physics, Super-Kamiokande, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Event (particle physics)
Abstract

Astrophysical Journal Letters 830.1 (2016): L11 reproduced by permission of the AAS, We report the results from a search in Super-Kamiokande for neutrino signals coincident with the first detected gravitational-wave events, GW150914 and GW151226, as well as LVT151012, using a neutrino energy range from 3.5 MeV to 100 PeV. We searched for coincident neutrino events within a time window of ±500 s around the gravitational-wave detection time. Four neutrino candidates are found for GW150914, and no candidates are found for GW151226. The remaining neutrino candidates are consistent with the expected background events. We calculated the 90% confidence level upper limits on the combined neutrino fluence for both gravitational-wave events, which depends on event energy and topologies. Considering the upward-going muon data set (1.6 GeV-100 PeV), the neutrino fluence limit for each gravitational-wave event is 14-37 (19-50) cm-2 for muon neutrinos (muon antineutrinos), depending on the zenith angle of the event. In the other data sets, the combined fluence limits for both gravitational-wave events range from 2.4 ×104 to 7.0 ×109 cm-2, The Super-Kamiokande experiment has been built and operated from funding by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, the U.S. Department of Energy, and the U.S. National Science Foundation. Some of us have been supported by funds from the Korean Research Foundation (BK21 and KNRC), the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-20110024009), the European Union (H2020 RISE-GA641540-SKPLUS), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No. 11235006, and the Scinet and Westgrid consortia of Compute Canada

Published
2016

13. First measurement of radioactive isotope production through cosmic-ray muon spallation in Super-Kamiokande IV

Author

H.A. Tanaka, K. Martens, M. Koshiba, Yuuki Nakano, C. Bronner, W. R. Kropp, S. Tobayama, K. Huang, J. G. Learned, K. Nakamura, Y. Nishimura, P. de Perio, A. Kibayashi, J. S. Jang, A. Himmel, A. L. Renshaw, Y. M. Zhang, A. T. Suzuki, J. F. Martin, C. W. Walter, H. W. Sobel, Y. Hayato, C. K. Jung, Masato Shiozawa, Y. Choi, N. Hong, T. Nakadaira, J. Kameda, Makoto Sakuda, C. Yanagisawa, P. Weatherly, E. Kearns, Masashi Yokoyama, T. Tsukamoto, K. Frankiewicz, J. L. Raaf, Joshua Hignight, T. Ishizuka, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, C. Kachulis, K. Kaneyuki, John Hill, Hiroyuki Sekiya, L. Labarga, A. Minamino, T. Kobayashi, P. Mijakowski, T. Sekiguchi, K. Nishijima, G. Carminati, C. Nantais, S. B. Kim, J. Y. Kim, A. Orii, Y. Fukuda, I. Kametani, K. Choi, Pablo Fernandez, J. L. Palomino, S. Berkman, Kazuhiro Suzuki, Y. Takeuchi, Y. Totsuka, Susumu Takahashi, T. Wongjirad, T. J. Irvine, Shaomin Chen, Yasunari Suzuki, Takaaki Kajita, H. K. Tanaka, Takaaki Mori, M. Miura, B. L. Hartfiel, Atsushi Takeda, Yuichi Oyama, K. Iyogi, S. Nakayama, T. Yano, K. Ieki, Y. Haga, M. Ikeda, Z. Li, M. R. Vagins, T. Ishii, M. J. Wilking, Shigeki Tasaka, R. J. Wilkes, A. Konaka, T. Ishida, M. Friend, J. L. Stone, N. J. Griskevich, E. Richard, R. A. Wendell, K. Abe, Yusuke Koshio, Yoshitaka Itow, R. Tacik, T. Tomura, Kimihiro Okumura, Yusuke Suda, K. Sakashita, I. T. Lim, T. Suzuki, H. Okazawa, S. Moriyama, Masayuki Nakahata, J. Imber, Yasuhiro Kishimoto, M. Goldhaber, K. S. Ganezer, M. B. Smy, Xiao-yan Li, Ll. Marti, Seiko Hirota, T. Kikawa, S. Matsuno, V. Takhistov, T. Kayano, S. N. Smith, Y. Kuno, L. R. Sulak, S. Mine, J. Gustafson, Takehisa Hasegawa, Tomohiko Nakajima, Kate Scholberg, M. Hartz, and Hirokazu Ishino

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Chlorine-36, Order (ring theory), 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, 13. Climate action, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, Production (computer science), Neutrino, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010306 general physics, Super-Kamiokande, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

Cosmic-ray-muon spallation-induced radioactive isotopes with $\beta$ decays are one of the major backgrounds for solar, reactor, and supernova relic neutrino experiments. Unlike in scintillator, production yields for cosmogenic backgrounds in water have not been exclusively measured before, yet they are becoming more and more important in next generation neutrino experiments designed to search for rare signals. We have analyzed the low-energy trigger data collected at Super-Kamiokande-IV in order to determine the production rates of $^{12}$B, $^{12}$N, $^{16}$N, $^{11}$Be, $^9$Li, $^8$He, $^9$C, $^8$Li, $^8$B and $^{15}$C. These rates were extracted from fits to time differences between parent muons and subsequent daughter $\beta$'s by fixing the known isotope lifetimes. Since $^9$Li can fake an inverse-beta-decay reaction chain via a $\beta + n$ cascade decay, producing an irreducible background with detected energy up to a dozen MeV, a dedicated study is needed for evaluating its impact on future measurements; the application of a neutron tagging technique using correlated triggers was found to improve this $^9$Li measurement. The measured yields were generally found to be comparable with theoretical calculations, except the cases of the isotopes $^8$Li/$^8$B and $^9$Li., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, accepted by PRD for publication

Published
2016

14. Search for Neutrinos from Annihilation of Captured Low-Mass Dark Matter Particles in the Sun by Super-Kamiokande

Author

K. Iyogi, R. A. Wendell, A. T. Suzuki, J. F. Martin, Y. Kuno, K. Kaneyuki, Atsushi Takeda, T. Sekiguchi, S. Berkman, A. Minamino, T. Nakadaira, Y. Takeuchi, John Hill, K. Ieki, Hirokazu Ishino, Makoto Sakuda, J. L. Raaf, Yasunari Suzuki, J. G. Learned, K. Choi, R. J. Wilkes, Kimihiro Okumura, K. S. Ganezer, S. N. Smith, Seiko Hirota, M. Miura, I. Kametani, T. Kikawa, E. Kearns, T. Tsukamoto, C. W. Walter, L. Labarga, K. Sakashita, T. Kobayashi, Yasuhiro Kishimoto, K. Nakamura, Takaaki Kajita, M. Koshiba, S. Matsuno, Masashi Yokoyama, Shigeki Tasaka, Takaaki Mori, M. Goldhaber, J. L. Stone, Y. Hayato, Yejin Zhang, S. Moriyama, C. Yanagisawa, T. Ishida, R. Tacik, Masayuki Nakahata, Yoshinori Haga, Hiroyuki Sekiya, K. Martens, K. Huang, T. Tomura, A. Kibayashi, T. Ishizuka, J. Kameda, S. Mine, Yoshitaka Itow, H. Okazawa, A. Konaka, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, Y. Fukuda, K. P. Lee, P. Mijakowski, T. J. Irvine, C. K. Jung, J. Imber, H.A. Tanaka, T. McLachlan, M. Ikeda, K. Nishijima, T. Akiri, M. J. Wilking, Kazuhiro Suzuki, Masato Shiozawa, Y. Choi, Song Chen, T. Hasegawa, M. R. Vagins, Yusuke Koshio, C. Bronner, Kate Scholberg, G. Mitsuka, S. Nakayama, T. Ishii, I. T. Lim, J. S. Jang, H. W. Sobel, W. R. Kropp, S. Tobayama, A. Himmel, Yuuki Nakano, S. B. Kim, J. Y. Kim, L. R. Sulak, M. B. Smy, P. de Perio, T. Yano, A. L. Renshaw, Yuichi Oyama, K. Abe, Y. Nishimura, N. Hong, Joshua Hignight, Y. Totsuka, Susumu Takahashi, T. Wongjirad, Ll. Marti, G. Carminati, and UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Atmospheric neutrinos, Annihilation, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, General Physics and Astronomy, Física, Surrounding rock, Coupling (probability), Elastic scattering cross sections, Low mass, Upper limits, Nuclear physics, Weakly interacting massive particles, WIMP, Dark matter particles, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Super-Kamiokande
Abstract

Artículo escrito por muchos autores, sólo se referencian el primero, los autores que firman como Universidad Autónoma de Madrid y el grupo de colaboración en el caso de que aparezca en el artículo, Super-Kamiokande (SK) can search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) by detecting neutrinos produced from WIMP annihilations occurring inside the Sun. In this analysis, we include neutrino events with interaction vertices in the detector in addition to upward-going muons produced in the surrounding rock. Compared to the previous result, which used the upward-going muons only, the signal acceptances for light (few-GeV/c2-200-GeV/c2) WIMPs are significantly increased. We fit 3903 days of SK data to search for the contribution of neutrinos from WIMP annihilation in the Sun. We found no significant excess over expected atmospheric-neutrino background and the result is interpreted in terms of upper limits on WIMP-nucleon elastic scattering cross sections under different assumptions about the annihilation channel. We set the current best limits on the spin-dependent WIMP-proton cross section for WIMP masses below 200 GeV/c2 (at 10 GeV/c2, 1.49×10-39 cm2 for χχ→bb¯ and 1.31×10-40 cm2 for χχ→τ+τ- annihilation channels), also ruling out some fraction of WIMP candidates with spin-independent coupling in the few-GeV/c2 mass range, The Super-Kamiokande experiment was built and has been operated with funding from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, the U.S. Department of Energy, and the U.S. National Science Foundation

Published
2015

15. Test of Lorentz invariance with atmospheric neutrinos

Author

Susumu Takahashi, T. Wongjirad, H. Okazawa, C. K. Jung, Yuichi Oyama, K. Ieki, T. Ishii, K. Sakashita, Masato Shiozawa, Y. Choi, R. J. Wilkes, R. Yamaguchi, K. Abe, Hirokazu Ishino, M. Ikeda, T. J. Irvine, J. Kameda, P. Fernandez, P. Mijakowski, Kazuhiro Suzuki, K. Martens, Y. Nishimura, M. Goldhaber, Yejin Zhang, S. Matsuno, K. Iyogi, J. S. Jang, S. Moriyama, S. B. Kim, J. Y. Kim, M. Koshiba, Y. Takeuchi, C. Yanagisawa, N. Hong, A. Himmel, Masayuki Nakahata, K. P. Lee, Lawrence Sulak, Atsushi Takeda, Joshua Hignight, Yoshihiro Suzuki, Takaaki Mori, J. L. Stone, A. T. Suzuki, K. Kaneyuki, T. Sekiguchi, K. Nishijima, Kate Scholberg, J. F. Martin, T. Nakadaira, Shigeki Tasaka, A. Konaka, B. L. Hartfiel, John Hill, S. Mine, Makoto Sakuda, J. Gustafson, E. Kearns, Yusuke Suda, Masashi Yokoyama, P. de Perio, T. Yano, A. L. Renshaw, Takehisa Hasegawa, Yusuke Koshio, Kimihiro Okumura, C. W. Walter, S. N. Smith, T. Ishizuka, J. Imber, M. Miura, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, W. E. Keig, M. B. Smy, T. Akiri, G. Carminati, K. Tateishi, Y. Haga, Hiroyuki Sekiya, K. Choi, Ll. Marti, L. Labarga, T. Kobayashi, Yoshitaka Itow, Seiko Hirota, T. Kikawa, Y. Fukuda, Y. Kuno, S. Berkman, J. G. Learned, T. McLachlan, E. Richard, P. Weatherly, Takaaki Kajita, K. Connolly, A. Minamino, Yasuhiro Kishimoto, Y. Hayato, R. A. Wendell, Song Chen, H. K. Tanaka, Yuuki Nakano, H.A. Tanaka, V. Takhistov, H. W. Sobel, C. Bronner, M. R. Vagins, I. Kametani, R. Tacik, A. Murakami, G. Mitsuka, I. T. Lim, K. Huang, S. Nakayama, K. S. Ganezer, A. Kibayashi, T. Tsukamoto, T. Ishida, T. Yokozawa, W. R. Kropp, S. Tobayama, K. Nakamura, J. L. Raaf, M. J. Wilking, Koh Ueno, Y. Totsuka, T. Tomura, and UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Lorentz transformation, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Isotropy, FOS: Physical sciences, Física, Lorentz covariance, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), symbols.namesake, Orders of magnitude (time), Standard-Model Extension, 0103 physical sciences, Range (statistics), symbols, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, 010306 general physics, Neutrino oscillation
Abstract

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAM, A search for neutrino oscillations induced by Lorentz violation has been performed using 4,438 live-days of Super-Kamiokande atmospheric neutrino data. The Lorentz violation is included in addition to standard three-flavor oscillations using the nonperturbative standard model extension (SME), allowing the use of the full range of neutrino path lengths, ranging from 15 to 12,800 km, and energies ranging from 100 MeV to more than 100 TeV in the search. No evidence of Lorentz violation was observed, so limits are set on the renormalizable isotropic SME coefficients in the eμ, μτ, and eτ sectors, improving the existing limits by up to 7 orders of magnitude and setting limits for the first time in the neutrino μτ sector of the SME, We would like to thank A. Kostelecky for his advice and support and we are grateful to J. S. Diaz for working closely with us to calculate and implement the Lorentz-violating oscillation probabilities. The authors gratefully acknowledge the cooperation of the Kamioka Mining and Smelting Company. Super-K has been built and operated from funds provided by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, the U.S. Department of Energy, and the U.S. National Science Foundation. This work was partially supported by the Research Foundation of Korea (BK21 and KNRC), the Korean Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Science Foundation of China, the European Union FP7 (DS laguna-lbno PN- 284518 and ITN invisibles GA-2011-289442), the National Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada, and the Scinet and Westgrid consortia of Compute Canada

Published
2015

16. Search for Nucleon and Dinucleon Decays with an Invisible Particle and a Charged Lepton in the Final State at the Super-Kamiokande Experiment

Author

K. Kaneyuki, K. Sakashita, K. Nakamura, T. Sekiguchi, M. Goldhaber, I. Kametani, C. K. Jung, W. R. Kropp, S. Tobayama, S. Moriyama, Yejin Zhang, T. J. Irvine, T. Ishii, R. A. Wendell, T. Tomura, Masayuki Nakahata, Yusuke Suda, Masato Shiozawa, Y. Choi, Y. Totsuka, Song Chen, Susumu Takahashi, M. Hartz, T. Wongjirad, R. Tacik, H. Okazawa, Atsushi Takeda, M. Ikeda, J. Imber, K. Ieki, A. T. Suzuki, T. Tsukamoto, J. L. Raaf, R. J. Wilkes, J. F. Martin, M. B. Smy, Xiao-yan Li, T. Nakadaira, C. W. Walter, T. Ishida, E. Richard, E. Kearns, C. Yanagisawa, Makoto Sakuda, Masashi Yokoyama, B. L. Hartfiel, Ll. Marti, Seiko Hirota, M. J. Wilking, T. Kikawa, K. Nishijima, C. Kachulis, T. Ishizuka, Y. Nishimura, L. R. Sulak, Kimihiro Okumura, Yuichi Oyama, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, Shigeki Tasaka, V. Takhistov, J. S. Jang, Hiroyuki Sekiya, N. Hong, J. L. Palomino, A. Himmel, T. Kayano, Yasuhiro Kishimoto, Joshua Hignight, Yoshihiro Suzuki, Y. Fukuda, K. Abe, L. Labarga, T. Kobayashi, A. Konaka, S. Berkman, Y. Kuno, Y. Takeuchi, P. de Perio, T. Hasegawa, A. L. Renshaw, K. Choi, Pablo Fernandez, K. Iyogi, Yusuke Koshio, K. Frankiewicz, M. Friend, T. Suzuki, Takaaki Kajita, C. Nantais, S. B. Kim, J. Y. Kim, A. Orii, H. W. Sobel, John Hill, K. Huang, A. Kibayashi, M. R. Vagins, I. T. Lim, J. G. Learned, H. K. Tanaka, Yoshitaka Itow, Takaaki Mori, J. L. Stone, Yuuki Nakano, M. Miura, K. S. Ganezer, H.A. Tanaka, G. Carminati, Y. Haga, S. N. Smith, P. Weatherly, C. Bronner, S. Nakayama, T. Yano, K. Martens, A. Minamino, S. Mine, M. Koshiba, S. Matsuno, J. Gustafson, J. Kameda, Hirokazu Ishino, P. Mijakowski, Z. Li, Kazuhiro Suzuki, Tomohiko Nakajima, Y. Hayato, Kate Scholberg, and UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Confidence levels, General Physics and Astronomy, Nucleon decays, Física, FOS: Physical sciences, State (functional analysis), Super-Kamiokande experiment, Invisible particle, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, Massless particle, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Bound state, Particle, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nucleon, Super-Kamiokande, Lepton
Abstract

Artículo escrito por muchos autores, sólo se referencian el primero, los autores que firman como Universidad Autónoma de Madrid y el grupo de colaboración en el caso de que aparezca en el artículo, Search results for nucleon decays p→e+X, p→μ+X, n→νγ (where X is an invisible, massless particle) as well as dinucleon decays np→e+ν, np→μ+ν, and np→τ+ν in the Super-Kamiokande experiment are presented. Using single-ring data from an exposure of 273.4 kton·yr, a search for these decays yields a result consistent with no signal. Accordingly, lower limits on the partial lifetimes of τp→e+X>7.9×1032yr, τp→μ+X>4.1×1032yr, τn→νγ>5.5×1032yr, τnp→e+ν>2.6×1032yr, τnp→μ+ν>2.2×1032yr, and τnp→τ+ν>2.9×1031yr at a 90% confidence level are obtained. Some of these searches are novel, The Super- Kamiokande experiment was built and has been operated with funding from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, the U.S. Department of Energy, and the U.S. National Science Foundation

Published
2015
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17. The ecological economics of insecticide use associated with the Maine potato industry, based on a producer survey

Author

Darrell W. Donahue, Francis A. Drummond, S. N. Smith, and C. R. Ziegler

Subjects
Integrated pest management, Contingent valuation, Ecological economics, Survey methodology, Agricultural science, Willingness to pay, Environmental protection, Agriculture, business.industry, business, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Polluter pays principle, Environmental quality
Abstract

Environmental risks and costs associated with insecticide applications in Maine potato farming have been characterized and estimated using an Aroostook producer survey. The results of this study allow for comparison of pest management strategies based on producer concern for various aspects of the environment, including water quality, human health and animal safety. 'Willingness to pay' survey methodology was used to acquire an environmental cost range for insecticide use. Maine potato producers are willing to pay between $1.00 acre -1 (one acre = 0.4047ha) and $26.80acre -1 to avoid or reduce environmental risk associated with a single insecticide application. The Aroostook producer survey indicates that producers with small farms are generally willing to pay more to avoid or reduce environmental risk than producers with large farms. Mean Maine potato farm size has more than tripled over the past 40 years; therefore, concern for environmental quality on Maine potato farms could be decreasing.

Published
2002

18. Search for proton decay viap→νK+using260 kiloton·yeardata of Super-Kamiokande

Author

Shigeki Tasaka, E. Kearns, Y. Takeuchi, Masashi Yokoyama, K. Martens, S. Moriyama, M. Miyake, Yuichi Oyama, Masayuki Nakahata, T. Ishizuka, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, C. W. Walter, Takaaki Mori, Takaaki Kajita, K. Abe, A. T. Suzuki, K. P. Lee, K. S. Ganezer, J. L. Stone, L. Labarga, T. Kobayashi, T. Nakadaira, Makoto Sakuda, K. Sakashita, M. Dziomba, K. Choi, K. Ieki, T. Tsukamoto, Joshua Hignight, Yoshihiro Suzuki, Hiroyuki Sekiya, R. J. Wilkes, K. Iyogi, H. Kaji, H. W. Sobel, Y. Totsuka, J. Takeuchi, T. Wongjirad, I. Taylor, Y. Fukuda, H. Okazawa, T. Ishida, M. Goldhaber, C. Yanagisawa, S. B. Kim, J. Y. Kim, Song Chen, H. Sui, A. L. Renshaw, C. K. Jung, M. Ikeda, Masato Shiozawa, Y. Choi, Yoshitaka Itow, K. Nishijima, J. Kameda, J. Imber, T. Ishii, K. Connolly, Y. Hayato, Atsushi Takeda, P. Mijakowski, S. N. Smith, H. Zhang, S. Matsuno, R. A. Wendell, T. McLachlan, A. Kibayashi, Ll. Marti, John Hill, Yusuke Koshio, S. Nakayama, W. E. Keig, K. Kaneyuki, T. Sekiguchi, K. Bays, Justin Albert, Y. Kuno, J. S. Jang, T. Yokozawa, Y. Takenaga, M. Miura, J. L. Raaf, J. G. Learned, L. R. Sulak, M. B. Smy, Koh Ueno, Y. Obayashi, M. R. Vagins, W. R. Kropp, K. Nakamura, A. Murakami, G. Mitsuka, I. T. Lim, A. Minamino, K. Nishikawa, M. Koshiba, Ko Okumura, S. Mine, Takehisa Hasegawa, Hidetoshi Kubo, Hirokazu Ishino, Zishuo Yang, Kate Scholberg, and G. Carminati

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Proton, Proton decay, Super-Kamiokande, Lower limit
Abstract

We have searched for proton decay via p→νK+ using Super-Kamiokande data from April 1996 to February 2013, 260 kiloton•year exposure in total. No evidence for this proton decay mode is found. A lower limit of the proton lifetime is set to τ/B(p→νK+)>5.9×1033 years at 90% confidence level.

Published
2014

19. Search for Nucleon Decay vian→ν¯π0andp→ν¯π+in Super-Kamiokande

Author

G. Lopez, Song Chen, R. A. Wendell, A. Minamino, K. Ueshima, T. Iida, M. Vagins, H. Toyota, K. Iyogi, E. Thrane, Makoto Miura, Masayuki Nakahata, Justin Albert, S. B. Kim, K. Abe, S. Nakayama, J. Y. Kim, K. P. Lee, Y. Kuno, S. Mino, T. Tanaka, J. G. Learned, K. Kaneyuki, K. S. Ganezer, H. Kaji, M. Dziomba, Takaaki Mori, J. Schuemann, Y. Totsuka, R. J. Wilkes, Zishuo Yang, N. Tanimoto, T. Sekiguchi, K. Bays, C. Yanagisawa, K. Nishikawa, L. R. Sulak, Koji Nakamura, Kate Scholberg, T. Wongjirad, A. T. Suzuki, Atsushi Takeda, C. Regis, P. Mijakowski, T. Nakadaira, Koh Ueno, J. Kameda, C. K. Jung, J. L. Raaf, D. Kielczewska, K. Martens, Ll. Marti, S. Mine, E. Kearns, Makoto Sakuda, Y. Heng, Y. Shimizu, S. N. Smith, C. Ishihara, Minoru Yoshida, K. Nishijima, A. Kibayashi, M. Koshiba, Hirokazu Ishino, S. Matsuno, T. Yokozawa, K. Sakashita, Ko Okumura, T. Tsukamoto, I. Taylor, H. Zhang, Y. Takenaga, Y. Hayato, M. Goldhaber, J. S. Jang, Y. Kozuma, T. Ishii, L. Labarga, B. S. Yang, T. Kobayashi, W. R. Kropp, K. Connolly, Y. Obayashi, S. Yamada, T. Ishida, Y. Koshio, G. Mitsuka, I. T. Lim, Yoshihiro Suzuki, Henry W. Sobel, Shigetaka Moriyama, A. L. Renshaw, John Hill, W. E. Keig, Yoshitaka Itow, Yuichi Oyama, T. McLachlan, H. Okazawa, C. W. Walter, T. Kajita, Masashi Yokoyama, Hiroyuki Sekiya, Y. Fukuda, T. Ishizuka, Y. Takeuchi, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, M. B. Smy, Michael Litos, M. Ikeda, Masato Shiozawa, Y. Choi, T. Hasegawa, J. L. Stone, and Shigeki Tasaka

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Proton, Physics beyond the Standard Model, Higgs boson, General Physics and Astronomy, Neutron, Neutrino, Nucleon, Super-Kamiokande, Mixing (physics)
Abstract

2Although there is strong theoretical support that na-ture can be described by a grand uni ed theory (GUT) [1,2], there is currently no direct experimental evidence.One of the most powerful ways to test grand uni cationis to look for proton (or bound neutron) decay. MostGUTs have an unstable proton; in the absence of anobservation, setting experimental limits on the protonlifetime can provide useful constraints on the nature ofgrand uni ed theories. Observation, on the other hand,would be tantalizing evidence of new physics beyond theStandard Model.One of the more simple but interesting candidates forgrand uni cation is SO(10), where the Standard Model’sSU(3), SU(2), and U(1) are contained within the largergauge group. The class of models based on SO(10) uni- cation generally make predictions for neutrino massesand mixing that are broadly in accord with all knownneutrino mixing data [3, 4]. The minimal supersym-metric SO(10) model with a 126 Higgs eld describedin Ref. [3] is the particular motivation for the analysispresented here. In addition to predicting neutrino massand mixing in agreement with observations, it leaves R-parity unbroken, which guarantees the existence of stabledark matter. For some region of its allowed parameterspace, this model predicts that the dominant nucleon de-cay modes will be p! ˇ

Published
2014

20. Search for Trilepton Nucleon Decay viap→e+ννandp→μ+ννin the Super-Kamiokande Experiment

Author

A. T. Suzuki, J. F. Martin, T. Nakadaira, I. Kametani, Y. Totsuka, Susumu Takahashi, T. Akiri, P. Mijakowski, Makoto Sakuda, A. Minamino, B. L. Hartfiel, T. Wongjirad, T. Ishii, T. Hasegawa, M. Koshiba, W. R. Kropp, Kazuhiro Suzuki, S. Matsuno, S. Tobayama, Yusuke Suda, K. Sakashita, Hirokazu Ishino, Y. Hayato, P. Weatherly, J. S. Jang, E. Kearns, A. Himmel, K. Ieki, J. Imber, R. J. Wilkes, C. W. Walter, L. R. Sulak, Ll. Marti, K. Choi, Pablo Fernandez, J. L. Stone, Masayuki Nakahata, K. S. Ganezer, Yoshitaka Itow, M. Goldhaber, K. Kaneyuki, Y. Nishimura, G. Carminati, Koh Ueno, S. N. Smith, V. Takhistov, Yuichi Oyama, J. L. Raaf, C. Yanagisawa, C. K. Jung, Yejin Zhang, L. Labarga, T. Kobayashi, N. Hong, Masato Shiozawa, Y. Choi, Yuuki Nakano, R. Yamaguchi, Joshua Hignight, Kate Scholberg, T. Kajita, Shigeki Tasaka, T. Tsukamoto, Yoshihiro Suzuki, M. Ikeda, Y. Kishimoto, Hiroyuki Sekiya, Y. Kuno, Y. Fukuda, A. Konaka, K. Martens, Takaaki Mori, K. Nishijima, S. Mine, R. Tacik, Yusuke Koshio, J. Gustafson, P. de Perio, T. Yano, S. Berkman, Y. Takeuchi, T. Ishida, A. L. Renshaw, T. McLachlan, E. Richard, M. B. Smy, Koji Nakamura, K. Tateishi, Atsushi Takeda, H. Okazawa, T. Yokozawa, M. J. Wilking, Masashi Yokoyama, T. J. Irvine, Henry W. Sobel, Shigetaka Moriyama, Yoshinori Haga, T. Ishizuka, S. B. Kim, K. Abe, S. Nakayama, J. Y. Kim, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, T. Tomura, K. Iyogi, John Hill, W. E. Keig, Kimihiro Okumura, Makoto Miura, Song Chen, R. A. Wendell, T. Sekiguchi, J. Kameda, K. Huang, A. Kibayashi, H.A. Tanaka, Seiko Hirota, T. Kikawa, M. Vagins, C. Bronner, J. G. Learned, H. K. Tanaka, K. Connolly, A. Murakami, G. Mitsuka, I. T. Lim, and K. P. Lee

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Particle physics, General Physics and Astronomy, Grand Unified Theory, Nucleon, Super-Kamiokande
Abstract

The trilepton nucleon decay modes p→e+νν and p→μ+νν violate |Δ(B-L)| by two units. Using data from a 273.4 kt yr exposure of Super-Kamiokande a search for these decays yields a fit consistent with no signal. Accordingly, lower limits on the partial lifetimes of τp→e+νν>1.7×10(32) years and τp→μ+νν>2.2×10(32) years at a 90% confidence level are obtained. These limits can constrain Grand Unified Theories which allow for such processes.

Published
2014

21. Search for trilepton nucleon decay via p→e+νν and p→μ+νν in the Super-Kamiokande experiment

Author

V, Takhistov, K, Abe, Y, Haga, Y, Hayato, M, Ikeda, K, Iyogi, J, Kameda, Y, Kishimoto, M, Miura, S, Moriyama, M, Nakahata, Y, Nakano, S, Nakayama, H, Sekiya, M, Shiozawa, Y, Suzuki, A, Takeda, H, Tanaka, T, Tomura, K, Ueno, R A, Wendell, T, Yokozawa, T, Irvine, T, Kajita, I, Kametani, K, Kaneyuki, K P, Lee, T, McLachlan, Y, Nishimura, E, Richard, K, Okumura, L, Labarga, P, Fernandez, S, Berkman, H A, Tanaka, S, Tobayama, J, Gustafson, E, Kearns, J L, Raaf, J L, Stone, L R, Sulak, M, Goldhaber, G, Carminati, W R, Kropp, S, Mine, P, Weatherly, A, Renshaw, M B, Smy, H W, Sobel, K S, Ganezer, B L, Hartfiel, J, Hill, W E, Keig, N, Hong, J Y, Kim, I T, Lim, T, Akiri, A, Himmel, K, Scholberg, C W, Walter, T, Wongjirad, T, Ishizuka, S, Tasaka, J S, Jang, J G, Learned, S, Matsuno, S N, Smith, T, Hasegawa, T, Ishida, T, Ishii, T, Kobayashi, T, Nakadaira, K, Nakamura, Y, Oyama, K, Sakashita, T, Sekiguchi, T, Tsukamoto, A T, Suzuki, Y, Takeuchi, C, Bronner, S, Hirota, K, Huang, K, Ieki, T, Kikawa, A, Minamino, A, Murakami, T, Nakaya, K, Suzuki, S, Takahashi, K, Tateishi, Y, Fukuda, K, Choi, Y, Itow, G, Mitsuka, P, Mijakowski, J, Hignight, J, Imber, C K, Jung, C, Yanagisawa, H, Ishino, A, Kibayashi, Y, Koshio, T, Mori, M, Sakuda, R, Yamaguchi, T, Yano, Y, Kuno, R, Tacik, S B, Kim, H, Okazawa, Y, Choi, K, Nishijima, M, Koshiba, Y, Suda, Y, Totsuka, M, Yokoyama, K, Martens, Ll, Marti, M R, Vagins, J F, Martin, P, de Perio, A, Konaka, M J, Wilking, S, Chen, Y, Zhang, K, Connolly, and R J, Wilkes

Abstract

The trilepton nucleon decay modes p→e+νν and p→μ+νν violate |Δ(B-L)| by two units. Using data from a 273.4 kt yr exposure of Super-Kamiokande a search for these decays yields a fit consistent with no signal. Accordingly, lower limits on the partial lifetimes of τp→e+νν1.7×10(32) years and τp→μ+νν2.2×10(32) years at a 90% confidence level are obtained. These limits can constrain Grand Unified Theories which allow for such processes.

Published
2014

22. Limits on sterile neutrino mixing using atmospheric neutrinos in Super-Kamiokande

Author

E. Richard, Atsushi Takeda, T. Tomura, J. S. Jang, H. Okazawa, A. Minamino, A. Himmel, John Hill, S. Moriyama, Yasuhiro Kishimoto, Masayuki Nakahata, A. T. Suzuki, M. Koshiba, J. F. Martin, K. Martens, Y. Takeuchi, T. Nakadaira, W. E. Keig, Y. Nishimura, S. Matsuno, Makoto Sakuda, Yuichi Oyama, K. Sakashita, C. Yanagisawa, Song Chen, K. P. Lee, J. L. Raaf, N. Hong, Yoshitaka Itow, E. Kearns, H. W. Sobel, Yuuki Nakano, T. Tsukamoto, M. Miura, R. Yamaguchi, K. Abe, Masashi Yokoyama, Joshua Hignight, T. McLachlan, K. Nishijima, Yoshihiro Suzuki, K. Choi, Pablo Fernandez, Takaaki Mori, M. Goldhaber, Yejin Zhang, T. Ishida, T. Ishizuka, C. W. Walter, I. Kametani, P. de Perio, T. Yano, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, Y. Totsuka, Susumu Takahashi, C. K. Jung, B. L. Hartfiel, S. Berkman, T. Akiri, J. L. Stone, Hiroyuki Sekiya, A. L. Renshaw, K. Connolly, Y. Fukuda, T. Wongjirad, Kimihiro Okumura, Masato Shiozawa, Y. Choi, Takaaki Kajita, K. Kaneyuki, Shigeki Tasaka, K. Ieki, M. Ikeda, M. J. Wilking, Y. Haga, R. J. Wilkes, P. Weatherly, T. Sekiguchi, S. B. Kim, J. Y. Kim, H.A. Tanaka, T. Ishii, R. Tacik, C. Bronner, J. G. Learned, S. N. Smith, W. R. Kropp, S. Tobayama, K. Nakamura, T. J. Irvine, K. Tateishi, Yusuke Suda, H. K. Tanaka, J. Imber, M. B. Smy, Ll. Marti, A. Konaka, K. Huang, A. Kibayashi, Yusuke Koshio, M. R. Vagins, A. Murakami, Seiko Hirota, T. Kikawa, G. Mitsuka, I. T. Lim, Y. Hayato, Y. Kuno, R. A. Wendell, L. Labarga, T. Kobayashi, G. Carminati, K. Iyogi, S. Mine, J. Gustafson, Takehisa Hasegawa, Kate Scholberg, Hirokazu Ishino, K. S. Ganezer, S. Nakayama, J. Kameda, P. Mijakowski, Kazuhiro Suzuki, V. Takhistov, L. R. Sulak, Koh Ueno, T. Yokozawa, and UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Sterile neutrino, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Solar neutrino, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Neutrino oscillation, Mixing (physics), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Física, Solar neutrino problem, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Atmospheric neutrino, Super-Kamiokande
Abstract

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAM, We present limits on sterile neutrino mixing using 4,438 live-days of atmospheric neutrino data from the Super-Kamiokande experiment. We search for fast oscillations driven by an eV2-scale mass splitting and for oscillations into sterile neutrinos instead of tau neutrinos at the atmospheric mass splitting. When performing both of these searches we assume that the sterile mass splitting is large, allowing sin2(Δm2L/4E) to be approximated as 0.5, and we assume that there is no mixing between electron neutrinos and sterile neutrinos (|Ue4|2=0). No evidence of sterile oscillations is seen and we limit |Uμ4|2 to less than 0.041 and |Uτ4|2 to less than 0.18 for Δm2>0.1eV2 at the 90% C.L. in a 3+1 framework. The approximations that can be made with atmospheric neutrinos allow these limits to be easily applied to 3+N models, and we provide our results in a generic format to allow comparisons with other sterile neutrino models, The authors gratefully acknowledge the cooperation of the Kamioka Mining and Smelting Company. Super-K has been built and operated from funds provided by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, the U.S. Department of Energy, and the U.S. National Science Foundation. This work was partially supported by the Research Foundation of Korea (BK21 and KNRC), the Korean Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Science Foundation of China, the European Union FP7 (DS laguna-lbno PN- 284518 and ITN invisibles GA-2011-289442) the National Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada, and the Scinet and Westgrid consortia of Compute Canada

Published
2014
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23. Symmetry operators for spin-½ relativistic wave equations on curved space-time

Author

David M. Walker, Raymond G. McLenaghan, and S. N. Smith

Subjects
Constant coefficients, Spinor, General Mathematics, Mathematical analysis, General Engineering, Microlocal analysis, General Physics and Astronomy, Spectral theorem, Operator theory, Fourier integral operator, Relativistic wave equations, Spin-½, Mathematics, Mathematical physics
Abstract

The second–order linear covariant differential symmetry operators of the source–free spin–½ relativistic wave equation are given in a canonical form. We find that the operators are constructed from conformal Killing spinors. Examples displaying the correspondence between such operators and others previously known are given.

Published
2000

24. Search for nucleon decay via n→ν[over ¯]π0 and p→ν[over ¯]π+ in Super-Kamiokande

Author

K, Abe, Y, Hayato, T, Iida, K, Iyogi, J, Kameda, Y, Koshio, Y, Kozuma, Ll, Marti, M, Miura, S, Moriyama, M, Nakahata, S, Nakayama, Y, Obayashi, H, Sekiya, M, Shiozawa, Y, Suzuki, A, Takeda, Y, Takenaga, K, Ueno, K, Ueshima, S, Yamada, T, Yokozawa, C, Ishihara, H, Kaji, T, Kajita, K, Kaneyuki, K P, Lee, T, McLachlan, K, Okumura, Y, Shimizu, N, Tanimoto, L, Labarga, E, Kearns, M, Litos, J L, Raaf, J L, Stone, L R, Sulak, M, Goldhaber, K, Bays, W R, Kropp, S, Mine, C, Regis, A, Renshaw, M B, Smy, H W, Sobel, K S, Ganezer, J, Hill, W E, Keig, J S, Jang, J Y, Kim, I T, Lim, J B, Albert, K, Scholberg, C W, Walter, R, Wendell, T M, Wongjirad, T, Ishizuka, S, Tasaka, J G, Learned, S, Matsuno, S N, Smith, T, Hasegawa, T, Ishida, T, Ishii, T, Kobayashi, T, Nakadaira, K, Nakamura, K, Nishikawa, Y, Oyama, K, Sakashita, T, Sekiguchi, T, Tsukamoto, A T, Suzuki, Y, Takeuchi, M, Ikeda, A, Minamino, T, Nakaya, Y, Fukuda, Y, Itow, G, Mitsuka, T, Tanaka, C K, Jung, G D, Lopez, I, Taylor, C, Yanagisawa, H, Ishino, A, Kibayashi, S, Mino, T, Mori, M, Sakuda, H, Toyota, Y, Kuno, M, Yoshida, S B, Kim, B S, Yang, H, Okazawa, Y, Choi, K, Nishijima, M, Koshiba, M, Yokoyama, Y, Totsuka, K, Martens, J, Schuemann, M R, Vagins, S, Chen, Y, Heng, Z, Yang, H, Zhang, D, Kielczewska, P, Mijakowski, K, Connolly, M, Dziomba, E, Thrane, and R J, Wilkes

Abstract

We present the results of searches for nucleon decay via n→ν[over ¯]π0 and p→ν[over ¯]π+ using data from a combined 172.8 kt·yr exposure of Super-Kamiokande-I,-II, and-III. We set lower limits on the partial lifetime for each of these modes: τn→ν[over ¯]π01.1×10(33) years and τp→ν[over ¯]π+3.9×10(32) years at a 90% confidence level.

Published
2013

25. Calibration of the Super-Kamiokande Detector

Author

H.A. Tanaka, Hirokazu Ishino, Justin Albert, Y. Kuno, J. Imber, K. P. Lee, T. Akiri, P. de Perio, Y. Takeuchi, H. Kaji, M. R. Vagins, Ll. Marti, A. T. Suzuki, Song Chen, K. Martens, Minoru Otani, T. Iida, R. Yamaguchi, A. L. Renshaw, J. F. Martin, Yasuhiro Nishimura, A. Murakami, S. B. Kim, T. Nakadaira, G. Mitsuka, Takaaki Kajita, T. J. Irvine, J. Y. Kim, I. T. Lim, Makoto Sakuda, N. Hong, Kimihiro Okumura, T. Yokozawa, C. W. Walter, S. Mine, K. Huang, A. Kibayashi, S. Moriyama, Y. Takenaga, M. Miura, Joshua Hignight, Yoshihiro Suzuki, J. Kameda, A. Minamino, S. Berkman, Masayuki Nakahata, M. J. Wilking, S. N. Smith, M. Miyake, R. Tacik, P. Mijakowski, J. S. Jang, Y. Totsuka, Susumu Takahashi, Takehisa Hasegawa, Yuichi Oyama, Kazuhiro Suzuki, Hidetoshi Kubo, Hiroyuki Sekiya, T. Wongjirad, K. Connolly, Y. Fukuda, Takaaki Mori, John G. Learned, H. Sui, T. Yano, K. Abe, Yusuke Koshio, J. L. Stone, M. Dziomba, K. S. Ganezer, L. Labarga, T. Kobayashi, H. K. Tanaka, T. Ishii, T. Tsukamoto, G. Carminati, J. L. Raaf, Zishuo Yang, Kate Scholberg, H. Zhang, B. S. Yang, H. W. Sobel, Yoshitaka Itow, M. Koshiba, T. Ishida, S. Nakayama, L. R. Sulak, I. Taylor, Yuuki Nakano, Atsushi Takeda, M. B. Smy, Y. Zhenwei, Y. Obayashi, Koh Ueno, W. R. Kropp, S. Tobayama, K. Nakamura, Y. Idehara, K. Nishikawa, Yasuhiro Kishimoto, Shigeki Tasaka, Y. Heng, T. McLachlan, A. Konaka, T. Tomura, H. Okazawa, John Hill, K. Sakashita, S. Matsuno, M. Goldhaber, W. E. Keig, K. Choi, K. Iyogi, R. A. Wendell, Y. Hayato, A. Himmel, T. Kikawa, C. K. Jung, M. Ikeda, Masato Shiozawa, Y. Choi, K. Kaneyuki, T. Sekiguchi, K. Bays, E. Kearns, Masashi Yokoyama, C. Yanagisawa, T. Ishizuka, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, K. Nishijima, K. Ieki, and R. J. Wilkes

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Photon, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Monte Carlo method, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Optics, Calibration, Quantum efficiency, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

Procedures and results on hardware level detector calibration in Super-Kamiokande (SK) are presented in this paper. In particular, we report improvements made in our calibration methods for the experimental phase IV in which new readout electronics have been operating since 2008. The topics are separated into two parts. The first part describes the determination of constants needed to interpret the digitized output of our electronics so that we can obtain physical numbers such as photon counts and their arrival times for each photomultiplier tube (PMT). In this context, we developed an in-situ procedure to determine high-voltage settings for PMTs in large detectors like SK, as well as a new method for measuring PMT quantum efficiency and gain in such a detector. The second part describes the modeling of the detector in our Monte Carlo simulation, including in particular the optical properties of its water target and their variability over time. Detailed studies on the water quality are also presented. As a result of this work, we achieved a precision sufficient for physics analysis over a wide energy range (from a few MeV to above a TeV). For example, the charge determination was understood at the 1% level, and the timing resolution was 2.1 nsec at the one-photoelectron charge level and 0.5 nsec at the 100-photoelectron charge level., Comment: 75 pages, 35 figures

Published
2013
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26. First Indication of Terrestrial Matter Effects on Solar Neutrino Oscillation

Author

Hirokazu Ishino, Kimihiro Okumura, S. N. Smith, A. T. Suzuki, J. F. Martin, T. Nakadaira, John Hill, J. G. Learned, K. Martens, K. Sakashita, Shigeki Tasaka, T. J. Irvine, H. A. Tanaka, Makoto Sakuda, W. R. Kropp, Y. Nishimura, A. Minamino, S. Tobayama, K. Nakamura, S. Berkman, L. R. Sulak, P. de Perio, T. Yano, H. W. Sobel, N. Hong, A. L. Renshaw, W. E. Keig, J. S. Jang, Song Chen, Yejin Zhang, Joshua Hignight, K. Iyogi, A. Himmel, M. B. Smy, Koh Ueno, K. S. Ganezer, Y. Totsuka, Susumu Takahashi, S. Mine, M. J. Wilking, K. Choi, Takaaki Mori, T. Wongjirad, C. W. Walter, M. Koshiba, R. Tacik, K. Huang, K. Ieki, A. Kibayashi, Yuichi Oyama, Atsushi Takeda, J. L. Stone, Yasuhiro Kishimoto, T. Yokozawa, Takehisa Hasegawa, T. Tomura, T. Ishii, R. J. Wilkes, Yuuki Nakano, K. Abe, J. L. Raaf, Hiroyuki Sekiya, Yoshitaka Itow, H. Okazawa, Y. Takenaga, M. Miura, Y. Hayato, Y. Fukuda, A. Konaka, R. A. Wendell, M. R. Vagins, Y. Takeuchi, J. Imber, T. Akiri, Kate Scholberg, T. McLachlan, E. Kearns, Yusuke Koshio, Masashi Yokoyama, Ll. Marti, S. Matsuno, J. Kameda, G. Mitsuka, G. Carminati, T. Ishizuka, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, I. T. Lim, C. K. Jung, M. Ikeda, Masato Shiozawa, Y. Choi, P. Mijakowski, C. Bronner, M. Goldhabar, Kazuhiro Suzuki, C. Yanagisawa, S. Nakayama, Seiko Hirota, T. Kikawa, K. P. Lee, K. Kaneyuki, S. B. Kim, J. Y. Kim, T. Sekiguchi, K. Bays, Y. Kuno, Yasunari Suzuki, K. Nishijima, S. Moriyama, Masayuki Nakahata, T. Tsukamoto, T. Ishida, Takaaki Kajita, L. Labarga, and T. Kobayashi

Subjects
Elastic scattering, Physics, Solar neutrino, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Solar neutrino problem, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, Cosmic neutrino background, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Neutrino detector, Measurements of neutrino speed, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Neutrino, Neutrino oscillation
Abstract

We report an indication that the elastic scattering rate of solar $^8$B neutrinos with electrons in the Super-Kamiokande detector is larger when the neutrinos pass through the Earth during nighttime. We determine the day/night asymmetry, defined as the difference of the average day rate and average night rate divided by the average of those two rates, to be $(-3.2\pm1.1(\text{stat})\pm0.5(\text{syst}))\%$, which deviates from zero by 2.7 $\sigma$. Since the elastic scattering process is mostly sensitive to electron-flavored solar neutrinos, a non-zero day/night asymmetry implies that the flavor oscillations of solar neutrinos are affected by the presence of matter within the neutrinos' flight path. Super-Kamiokande's day/night asymmetry is consistent with neutrino oscillations for $4\times10^{-5}$eV$^2\leq\Delta m^2_{21}\leq7\times10^{-5}$eV$^2$ and large mixing values of $\theta_{12}$, at the $68\%$ C.L., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2013
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27. Posters

Author

V. Cerny, P. Zivny, P. Dostal, R. Parizkova, L. Zabka, R. E. Hodgson, A. T. Bosenberg, G. P. Hadley, H. Spapen, M. Diltoer, E. Suys, M. Borremans, J. Ramet, L. Huyghens, B. Afessa, R. Murphy, L. Hogans, B. Meyers, H. Mentec, P. Gruchet, P. Squara, B. De Jonghe, I. Peillon, J. P. Sollet, G. Bleichner, Z. Zivkovic, S. Mihailovic, M. Jakovljevic, D. W. Ryan, O. G. W. Weldon, S. N. Gower, S. M. Whiteley, A. Bodenham, E. De Robertis, J. M. Liu, C. Svantesson, P. L. Oahm, J. Thöme, S. Blomquist, B. Jonson, C. Pelagatti, M. Barattini, C. Poli, L. Ricupero, M. Olmastroni, P. Pieraccioni, M. B. Padelletti, P. Romagnoli, A. Masi, G. F. Rossi, K. Kurz-Müller, M. Tryba, P. Pelosi, D. Chiumello, M. Croci, L. Gattinoni, G. Kofings, M. Kyriakidis, A. Betrosian, L. Georgiou, P. Toufouzas, C. M. Lim, J. E. Choi, Y. Kon, S. D. Lee, W. S. Kim, P. H. Park, D. S. Kim, W. D. Kim, Y. Koh, B. H. Jung, S. Mazzi, N. Petrucci, F. Agostini, F. Vischi, M. Mitic-Milikic, M. Vukcevic, Lj. Nagomi Obradovic, S. Sekulic, J. Peláez, M. J. Asensio, M. Jiménez, M. Sisón, S. Yus, V. Cerdeño, K. Nishizuka, K. Tashiro, Y. Matsumoto, T. Kobayashi, Y. Suzuki, E. De Blasio, A. De Sio, D. Golia, A. Papa, M. Giurbino, G. Paulone, V. Evangelista, M. Imhoff, H. Greive, J. H. Lehner, D. Löhlein, K. P. Kelly, T. Busch, K. Loge, H. Gerlach, K. J. Falke, R. Rossaint, S. Herreo, T. Suarez, J. Mosácula, M. Lacort, J. A. Lapuerta, J. Guerra, A. Benini, M. Borelli, L. Lampati, M. Acciaro, A. Pesenti, M. Verweij, R. Marcolin, M. Bombino, N. Patroniti, A. Sordi, M. Tsareva, I. Petkoy, R. Kishen, B. J. M. Bowles, A. N. Thomas, I. F. Geraghty, J. Goodall, S. Grasso, R. Giuliani, F. Puntillo, L. Mascia, T. Fiore, N. Brienza, V. M. Ranieri, E. Pavlou, E. Zevla, M. Stavropoulou, Ch. Papazacharias, E. Loannidou, F. X. González, R. Rull, M. A. López-Boado, N. Fábregas, A. Alcón, L. A. Moreno, E. Zavala, Ch. Hering, M. Ferrer, J. R. Masclans, M. Castellá, R. Anglés, R. Rodriguez-Roisin, J. Roca, J. Milic-Emili, G. Polese, M. Planas, A. Rossi, B. Bermejo, M. Valls, M. Picó, I. Porta, F. J. de Latorre, R. Rodríguez-Roisin, R. Anglès, R. Ferrer, R. Peracaula, M. C. Bellamy, S. N. Smith, P. L. Dahm, J. Thörne, H. Rossetti, J. L. G. Amaral, G. A. J. Amarante, Y. Juliano, N. F. Novo, O. Resta, P. Guido, V. Picca, M. P. Foschino, G. A. Lecce, F. Affuso, F. Scarpelli, M. Sergi, M. Rizzi, F. Kirby, V. Healy, D. Mannion, E. Sweeney, A. Gil, J. M. SamPedro, J. Hernández, J. Carrizosa, F. Herrero, A. Martin, D. Sandaz, G. Rialp, G. López-Velarde, M. Subirana, E. Bak, J. A. Santos, E. Ormaechea, A. Net, S. Benito, J. Mancebo, I. Vallverdú, H. Stricker, G. Domenighetti, B. Waldispuehl, H. J. Feickert, Ch. Kayser, M. Sasse, T. Grüning, D. Pappert, G. Merker, R. Steinau, M. Wenz, M. Lange, G. Kaczmarczyk, C. De Deyne, J. Decruyenaere, E. Hoste, F. Colardyn, Y. Bar-Lavie, U. Borg, J. Kuramoto, N. Habashi, H. N. Reynolds, B. Walder, M. A. Bründler, A. Spiliopoulos, R. Zürcher, L. Nicod, J. A. Romand, A. V. Alyoshkin, T. V. Zarubina, R. S. Okhuysen, F. Bristow, B. E. Alpert, R. C. Frates, M. De Laat, F. Vermassen, A. J. Betbesé, M. Pérez, A. Santos, A. Betbesé, J. K. K. Kanhai, H. Strijdhorst, J. C. Pompe, H. A. Bruining, P. E. M. Huygen, L. Teba, S. G. Singh, H. V. Dedhia, G. Ferrari Vivaldi, G. Pedersini, C. Cingia, M. Ferrari, P. Marzollo, M. Kunert∼, L. Scheuble∼, M. Johanns’, F. Adnet, M. L. Benaissa, R. Bekka, P. Plaisance, C. Lapandry, F. Lapostolle, F. Baud, M. Solca, I. Ravagnan, A. Pedoto, R. Piquemal, P. F. Dequin, E. Hazouard, A. Legras, D. Perrotin, G. Ginies, E. Calzia, K. H. Lindner, P. Radermacher, H. Steltzer, P. Krafft, C. G. Krenn, P. Fridrich, A. F. Hammerle, R. S. Gill, J. V. Pappachan, M. A. Young, B. L. Taylor, G. B. Smith, Alexandra Lachana, V. Dimitroula, P. Stergiou, G. Nakos, C. Haberthür, B. Fabry, D. Zappe, C. Volta, S. Gottfried, P. Goldberg, P. Beuret, M. J. Carton, V. De Pasquale, M. L. Harlay, A. Cannamela, J. C. Ducreux, G. Tempelhoff, A. A. Eremenko, N. I. Chaus, D. I. Levicov, L. V. Bozhieva, P. Revuelta, F. Frutos, C. Núñez, P. Garrido, J. M. Lorenzo, L. Tamayo, E. Freire, A. Silva, J. Caminha, A. Carneiro, E. Reis, N. Rocha, M. Lopes, Cardoso A. Paes, F. Rua, J. D. Young, K. G. Allman, C. -J. Wallin, M. Rundgren, S. Eriksson, H. Hjelmqvist, L. G. Leksell, E. M. Nicolayenko, A. V. Grischenko, A. V. Fomicheva, S. A. Soltan, N. A. Stepanov, M. Anaslasaki, P. Agouridakls, K. Katsanoulas, E. Moloudl, E. Chaniotakls, E. Askitopoulou, P. Agouridakis, S. Lampakis, F. Chaniotaki, H. Groutsou, C. Gregoretti, P. Navaleai, G. Foti, M. Turello, P. Muato, K. Šakić, M. Pećina, Š Šakić, F. Del Nogal, M. J. Jiménez, M. A. García, J. Suárez, S. Temprano, R. Díaz, J. López, E. Zupancich, F. Turani, L. Tessitore, P. Mastrofrancesco, G. Celeste, D. Curatola, A. F. Sabato, K. P. Kellv, U. Ludwigs, A. Sánchez, J. M. Jiménez, A. Guerrero, S. Martínez, M. Chirosa, M. Marín, P. J. Young, M. Rollinson, G. Downward, S. Henderson, A. Mas, M. Martínez, E. Díaz, D. Joseph, F. Baigorri, LI. Blanch, L. Blanch, M. Perez, M. Martinez, A. J. Betbese, R. Jam, U. Lucangelo, E. Hernández, M. R. Jam, D. Ortiz, S. Ayala, M. Noray, L. I. Blanch, C. Royo, O. Díaz, F. Saldías, M. Andresen, D. Arriagada, A. Dougnac, P. F. Laterre, M. Raynaert, R. Jorquera, E. Florence, B. Espeel, J. Roeseler, G. Capodilupo, M. S. Reynaert, C. Gabrielli, F. Michel, L. Nibbe, R. Kuhlen, S. Hausmann, M. Max, M. Sprenger, Ch. Haberthür, K. Falke, M. Olivei, C. Galbusera, R. Veronesi, A. Palo, A. Comelli, M. Zanierato, G. Iotti, J. X. Brunner, A. Braschi, M. Rinaldi, M. Viganó, T. Stopar, K. Danovitch, A. Gursahaney, S. B. Gottfried, P. Reper, R. Danckaert, O. Wybaux, R. Jagodzinski, P. Lampaert, R. Jeunen, A. Vanderkelen, M. Pinder, J. Lipman, H. Hon, J. H. S. Low, and M. Wells

Subjects
Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Published
1996

28. Search for proton decay viap→μ+K0in Super-Kamiokande I, II, and III

Author

M. Koshiba, J. S. Jang, Takaaki Mori, Ko Okumura, E. Kearns, K. Connolly, J. L. Stone, K. Choi, Y. Totsuka, K. P. Lee, J. G. Learned, Masashi Yokoyama, Yusuke Koshio, T. Wongjirad, Ke. Abe, H. W. Sobel, A. T. Suzuki, K. Iyogi, T. Tsukamoto, L. Labarga, H. Sui, T. Nakadaira, T. Ishizuka, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, W. R. Kropp, K. Nishijima, S. Mine, T. Kobayashi, Makoto Sakuda, T. Ishii, Shigeki Tasaka, K. Nishikawa, Song Chen, J. C. Hill, H. Zhang, C. K. Jung, T. Ishida, Y. Takenaga, M. Miura, M. Ikeda, K. Kaneyuki, Masato Shiozawa, Y. Choi, K. S. Ganezer, Takehisa Hasegawa, W. E. Keig, C. Regis, Hidetoshi Kubo, T. Sekiguchi, A. Kibayashi, S. B. Kim, J. L. Raaf, Hirokazu Ishino, Yoshitaka Itow, K. Bays, J. Y. Kim, G. Carminati, S. N. Smith, H. Okazawa, Atsushi Takeda, K. Nakamura, H. Kaji, Joshua Hignight, A. Minamino, Yasunari Suzuki, C. W. Walter, T. McLachlan, Y. Obayashi, Ian Taylor, K. Ieki, R. J. Wilkes, S. Moriyama, Masayuki Nakahata, S. Matsuno, J. Takeuchi, Y. Hayato, K. Sakashita, Zishuo Yang, Justin Albert, Kate Scholberg, Y. Kuno, Hiroyuki Sekiya, Y. Fukuda, C. Yanagisawa, M. Goldhaber, M. Dziomba, Y. Takeuchi, T. Kajita, M. R. Vagins, A. Murakami, S. Nakayama, G. Mitsuka, I. T. Lim, R. A. Wendell, J. Kameda, P. Mijakowski, Kalen Martens, L. R. Sulak, M. B. Smy, Koh Ueno, T. Yokozawa, J. Imber, Ll. Marti, M. Miyake, Yuichi Oyama, and A. L. Renshaw

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Proton, Proton decay, Atmospheric neutrino, Super-Kamiokande, Lower limit
Abstract

We have searched for proton into muon plus neutral kaon using data from a 91.7 kiloton-year exposure of Super-Kamiokande-I, a 49.2 kiloton-year exposure of Super-Kamiokande-II, and a 31.9 kiloton-year exposure of Super-Kamiokande-III. The number of candidate events in the data was consistent with the atmospheric neutrino background expectation and no evidence for proton decay in this mode was found. We set a partial lifetime lower limit of 1.6x10^33 years at the 90% confidence level.

Published
2012

29. Supernova relic neutrino search at super-Kamiokande

Author

P. Mijakowski, K. Martens, G. Mitsuka, Michael Litos, Yoshitaka Itow, K. Ueshima, T. Tanaka, Y. Takeuchi, J. G. Learned, Song Chen, L. Marti, Y. Takenaga, Joshua Hignight, Yoshihiro Suzuki, M. Dziomba, S. Nakayama, R. A. Wendell, M. Miura, L. R. Sulak, J. Imber, A. T. Suzuki, T. McLachlan, C. Regis, Y. Totsuka, T. Nakadaira, M. B. Smy, Hirokazu Ishino, Koh Ueno, T. Wongjirad, J. L. Raaf, A. L. Renshaw, J. S. Jang, Makoto Sakuda, Atsushi Takeda, T. Iida, K. Connolly, H. W. Sobel, Y. Heng, C. W. Walter, H. Toyota, A. Minamino, I. Taylor, A. Kibayashi, K. S. Ganezer, M. Miyake, T. Tsukamoto, Yuichi Oyama, Hiroyuki Sekiya, John Hill, M. R. Vagins, Y. Fukuda, S. Moriyama, Masayuki Nakahata, K. Abe, T. Yokozawa, Y. Obayashi, K. Sakashita, A. Murakami, W. E. Keig, B. S. Yang, T. Ishida, I. T. Lim, K. P. Lee, H. Kaji, K. Nishikawa, T. Ishii, C. Yanagisawa, M. Koshiba, Ko Okumura, E. Kearns, Kodai Matsuoka, K. Nishijima, W. R. Kropp, Masashi Yokoyama, S. Yamada, T. Ishizuka, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, R. J. Wilkes, L. Labarga, T. Kobayashi, C. K. Jung, H. Okazawa, M. Ikeda, Masato Shiozawa, Y. Choi, Takaaki Kajita, Zishuo Yang, Kate Scholberg, Haoxiong Zhang, S. Matsuno, Shigeki Tasaka, S. Mine, Takehisa Hasegawa, Justin Albert, Y. Kuno, S. Mino, K. Iyogi, S. N. Smith, Takaaki Mori, J. L. Stone, K. Kaneyuki, Koji Nakamura, T. Sekiguchi, K. Bays, Y. Hayato, Sunghoon Cho, Yusuke Koshio, S. B. Kim, J. Y. Kim, J. Kameda, and UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, FOS: Physical sciences, Física, Lower energy, Positron energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, Supernova, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics::Experiment, Sensitivity (control systems), Neutrino, Super-Kamiokande
Abstract

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAM, A new Super-Kamiokande search for supernova relic neutrinos was conducted using 2853 live days of data. Sensitivity is now greatly improved compared to the 2003 Super-Kamiokande result, which placed a flux limit near many theoretical predictions. This more detailed analysis includes a variety of improvements such as increased efficiency, a lower energy threshold, and an expanded data set. New combined upper limits on supernova relic neutrino flux are between 2.8 and 3.1ν̄e cm-2 s-1 > 16 MeV total positron energy (17.3 MeV Eν), The Super-Kamiokande experiment has been built and operated from funding by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, the United States Department of Energy, and the U.S. National Science Foundation. Some of us have been supported by funds from the Korean Research Foundation (BK21), the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF- 20110024009), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 10875062 and No. 10911140109)

Published
2012

30. Modeling natural emissions in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model – Part 1: Building an emissions data base

Author

S. N. Smith and S. F. Mueller

Abstract

A natural emissions inventory for the continental United States and surrounding territories is needed in order to use the US Environmental Protection Agency Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Model for simulating natural air quality. The CMAQ air modeling system (including the Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) emissions processing system) currently estimates volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from biogenic sources, nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from soils, ammonia from animals, several types of particulate and reactive gas emissions from fires, as well as windblown dust and sea salt emissions. However, there are several emission categories that are not commonly treated by the standard CMAQ Model system. Most notable among these are nitrogen oxide emissions from lightning, reduced sulfur emissions from oceans, geothermal features and other continental sources, and reactive chlorine gas emissions linked with sea salt chloride. A review of past emissions modeling work and existing global emissions data bases provides information and data necessary for preparing a more complete natural emissions data base for CMAQ applications. A model-ready natural emissions data base is developed to complement the anthropogenic emissions inventory used by the VISTAS Regional Planning Organization in its work analyzing regional haze based on the year 2002. This new data base covers a modeling domain that includes the continental United States plus large portions of Canada, Mexico and surrounding oceans. Comparing July 2002 source data reveals that natural emissions account for 16% of total gaseous sulfur (sulfur dioxide, dimethylsulfide and hydrogen sulfide), 44% of total NOx, 80% of reactive carbonaceous gases (VOCs and carbon monoxide), 28% of ammonia, 96% of total chlorine (hydrochloric acid, nitryl chloride and sea salt chloride), and 84% of fine particles (i.e., those smaller than 2.5 μm in size) released into the atmosphere. The seasonality and relative importance of the various natural emissions categories are described.

Published
2010

31. Interband magneto-optics of InAs1-xSbx

Author

Ian T. Ferguson, B. N. Murdin, R H Thomas, S N Smith, Chris Phillips, R A Stradling, A. G. Norman, and C. R. Pidgeon

Subjects
Condensed matter physics, Band gap, Chemistry, Bowing, Alloy, Cyclotron resonance, Field dependence, engineering.material, Condensed Matter Physics, Spectral line, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Magnetic field, Momentum, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Materials Chemistry, engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract

Low-temperature interband magnetoabsorption spectra have been obtained for a range of MBE-grown epitaxial InAs1-xSbx alloy layers. The field dependence of the spectral minima has been fitted within the Pidgeon and Brown model to determine a full set of band parameters. In particular a direct determination is made of the energy gap Eg, and the valence-conduction band interaction matrix element Ep. Good agreement is obtained with recent cyclotron resonance measurements of the conduction band mass. The alloy ordering effects result in a pronounced drop in mobility in the mid-alloy range together with a large bowing in the bandgap. The momentum matrix elements also show bowing across the alloy range. Fair agreement is obtained with alloy disorder models.

Published
1992

32. Inoculum Densities of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum and Meloidogyne incognita in Relation to the Development of Fusarium Wilt and the Phenology of Cotton Plants (Gossypium hirsutum)

Author

S. N. Smith, P. B. Goodell, A. P. Gutierrez, J. E. DeVay, R. J. Wakeman, R. H. Garber, D. P. Jeffers, Gerald S. Pullman, and P. A. Roberts

Subjects
Soil solarization, Plant Science, Biology, engineering.material, biology.organism_classification, Fiber crop, Fusarium wilt, Horticulture, Agronomy, Fusarium oxysporum, Meloidogyne incognita, engineering, Agronomy and Crop Science, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum, Malvaceae, Terra incognita
Abstract

Development of Fusarium wilt in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) usually requires infections of plants by both Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. In this study, the soil densities of M. incognita and F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum and the incidence of Fusarium wilt in three field sites were determined in 1982-1984. Multiple regression analysis of percent incidence of Fusarium wilt symptoms on population densities of M. incognita and F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum yielded a significant fit (R 2 = 0.64) only on F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. Significant t-values for slope were also obtained for the interaction of M. incognita and F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, but densities of M. incognita and F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum were also related on a log10 scale. The physiological time of appearance of first foliar symptoms of Fusarium wilt, based on a degree-days threshold of 11.9°C (53.5°F), was used as a basis for determining disease progress curves and the phenology of cotton plant growth and development. Effects of Fusarium wilt on plant height and boll set were determined in three successive years. Increases in both of these plant characteristics decreased or stopped before foliar symptoms were apparent. Seed cotton yields of plant cohorts that developed foliar wilt symptoms early in the season (before 2,000 F degree-days) were variable but not much different in these years. This contrasted with cohorts of plants that first showed foliar symptoms late in the season (after 2,400 F degree-days) and cohorts of plants that showed no foliar symptoms of wilt. Regression analyses for 1982-1984 indicated moderate to weak correlations (r = 0.16–0.74) of the time of appearance of the first foliar symptoms and seed cotton yields.

Published
1997

33. Antibody responses to gut bacteria in ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis

Author

M. J. Hudson, N. L. Cox, H. Tiwana, M. S. N. Smith, R. S. Walmsley, C. Wilson, Alan Ebringer, and Andrew J. Wakefield

Subjects
Adult, Male, Klebsiella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Immunology, Arthritis, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Inflammatory bowel disease, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Rheumatology, Crohn Disease, medicine, Escherichia coli, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Spondylitis, Ankylosing, Proteus mirabilis, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Crohn's disease, biology, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Ulcerative colitis, Antibodies, Bacterial, Colitis, Ulcerative, Female, Bacterial antigen, business
Abstract

Specific immunoreactive anti-Klebsiella antibodies are found in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a significant proportion of whom have occult inflammatory bowel disease. Molecular mimicry between Klebsiella or other bacterial antigens and HLA-B27 has been suggested in the pathogenesis of AS. The specificity of increased immunoreactivity against Klebsiella remains to be assessed against the abundant anaerobic bacterial flora, present either in healthy controls or in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Total immunoglobulin (Ig; IgG, IgA, IgM) immunoreactivity was measured by ELISA against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli and ten anaerobic isolates of the predominant normal bowel flora in 35 patients with active AS, 60 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (30 CD, 30 UC), 60 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 60 healthy controls. Ig immunoreactivity to K. pneumoniae was significantly elevated in AS (P < 0.001), CD (P < 0.001) and UC (P < 0.001) patients compared with RA patients and healthy controls. Furthermore, Ig immunoreactivity to P. mirabilis was significantly elevated only in RA patients, compared with the other inflammatory groups (P < 0.001) and controls (P < 0.001). There was no significant antibody response against E. coli or the ten obligate anaerobes in any of the test groups. The data suggested an increased immune response to Klebsiella in patients with AS, UC, CD and to Proteus in patients with RA. The specificity of these responses in some patients supported a possible role for enteric Klebsiella in the pathogenesis of AS and Proteus in RA. The role of Klebsiella in inflammatory bowel disease requires further study.

Published
1997

34. Laboratory and clinical studies in support of cystic fibrosis gene therapy using pCMV-CFTR-DOTAP

Author

G, McLachlan, L P, Ho, H, Davidson-Smith, J, Samways, H, Davidson, B J, Stevenson, A D, Carothers, E W, Alton, P G, Middleton, S N, Smith, G, Kallmeyer, U, Michaelis, S, Seeber, K, Naujoks, A P, Greening, J A, Innes, J R, Dorin, and D J, Porteous

Subjects
Aerosols, Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic, Cystic Fibrosis, Quinolinium Compounds, Genetic Vectors, Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator, Cytomegalovirus, Genetic Therapy, Transfection, Membrane Potentials, Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, Mice, Nasal Mucosa, COS Cells, Liposomes, Animals, Humans, RNA, Messenger, Pharmaceutical Vehicles
Abstract

The first phase I study of cystic fibrosis gene therapy using cationic liposomes to deliver the cystic fibrosis conductance regulator gene to the nose reported partial and transient correction of the nasal transepithelial ion transport defect, While encouraging, further improvements will be required if this form of treatment is to be of therapeutic value. We tested a new formulation, pCMV-CFTR-DOTAP. The complex is stable for 10 days and effective at correcting the electrophysiological deficit in the trachea of CF mutant mice at 8 or 9 days after intratracheal instillation. Reliable protocols for consistent detection of as few as 10 molecules of CFTR mRNA and DNA in nasal brushing samples are described, Both vector and DNA have been produced to Good Manufacturing Practice standard, Nasal potential difference measurements developed at the National Heart and Lung Institute to assess the CFTR ion channel activity in CF patients replicated well at the Scottish Adult Cystic Fibrosis Service. The SPO fluorescence assay for halide ion conductance in nasal brushings has also been tested. These establish baseline conditions in the Scottish CF cohort from which evidence for correction can be judged under clinical trial conditions. These studies formed the basis for regulatory approval of a randomised, placebo controlled double-blind phase I research study.

Published
1996

35. A demonstration using mouse models that successful gene therapy for cystic fibrosis requires only partial gene correction

Author

J R, Dorin, R, Farley, S, Webb, S N, Smith, E, Farini, S J, Delaney, B J, Wainwright, E W, Alton, and D J, Porteous

Subjects
Cystic Fibrosis, Genotype, Colforsin, Electric Conductivity, Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator, Gene Expression, Genes, Recessive, Genetic Therapy, Mice, Mutant Strains, Intestines, Mice, Phenotype, Chlorides, Animals, RNA, Messenger, Crosses, Genetic
Abstract

Quantifying the level of transgene expression necessary for phenotypic effect is an important consideration in designing somatic gene therapy protocols. A nonlinear relationship between phenotype and gene activity is predicted by control analysis for any autosomal recessive condition. The unaffected phenotype of heterozygotes for autosomal recessive disorders demonstrates that 50% of the normal level of gene expression is sufficient to prevent disease. By extension, an exaggerated and positive effect on the mutant phenotype is predicted to arise from only a small addition of normal transgene expression delivered by gene therapy. We tested this expectation directly by intercrossing mice carrying different Cftr alleles which modulate Cftr gene expression from 0 to 100%. We demonstrate that 5% of the normal level of Cftr gene expression results in a disproportionately large correction of the chloride ion transport defect (50% of normal) and essentially complete rescue of the intestinal disease (100% survival). It follows that even modest levels of transgene expression and only partial correction of CFTR channel activity may have a significant clinical impact.

Published
1996

36. AN INDIRECT SEARCH FOR WEAKLY INTERACTING MASSIVE PARTICLES IN THE SUN USING 3109.6 DAYS OF UPWARD-GOING MUONS IN SUPER-KAMIOKANDE

Author

H. W. Sobel, J. S. Jang, Michael Litos, Atsushi Takeda, K. Connolly, Yoshitaka Itow, C. Regis, S. B. Kim, J. Y. Kim, Y. Totsuka, J. L. Raaf, Y. Takeuchi, T. McLachlan, Hirokazu Ishino, T. Kajita, T. Wongjirad, A. T. Suzuki, J. G. Learned, D. Kielczewska, J. P. Cravens, C. McGrew, M. Dziomba, Yuichi Oyama, T. Nakadaira, Shigeki Tasaka, John Hill, Y. Hayato, Makoto Sakuda, G. D. Lopez, W. E. Keig, E. Kearns, K. Nishikawa, Y. Yokosawa, T. Sekiguchi, S. Moriyama, Masashi Yokoyama, Y. Obayashi, M. R. Vagins, Y. Heng, K. Bays, Masayuki Nakahata, T. Ishii, K. Sakashita, H. Okazawa, T. Ishizuka, Yasunari Suzuki, H. Zhang, Y. Takenaga, M. Miura, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, C. K. Jung, M. Ikeda, C. W. Walter, G. Mitsuka, Masato Shiozawa, Y. Choi, Yusuke Koshio, I. T. Lim, K. Kaneyuki, S. Matsuno, M. Koshiba, S. Hazama, Y. Shimizu, S. N. Smith, A. Kibayashi, K. Nishijima, N. Tanimoto, Ko Okumura, Hiroyuki Sekiya, Y. Fukuda, K. Ueshima, Michitoshi Yoshida, Ke. Abe, N. Tamura, H. Nishino, Zishuo Yang, Kate Scholberg, T. Tanaka, R. J. Wilkes, H. Kaji, J. L. Stone, A. Minamino, Koji Nakamura, K. Martens, S. Mine, Takehisa Hasegawa, Justin Albert, Y. Kuno, Y. Watanabe, Eric Thrane, F. Dufour, Song Chen, T. Iida, L. Labarga, T. Kobayashi, T. Tsukamoto, B. S. Yang, T. Ishida, S. Nakayama, R. A. Wendell, Y. Kouzuma, L. R. Sulak, M. B. Smy, Koh Ueno, J. Kameda, P. Mijakowski, C. Ishihara, K. S. Ganezer, C. Yanagisawa, T. Yokozawa, W. R. Kropp, S. Yamada, and UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica

Subjects
Physics, High energy, Particle physics, Annihilation, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Scattering, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, WIMP, Space and Planetary Science, Dark matter, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrinos, Neutrino, Atmospheric neutrino, Super-Kamiokande
Abstract

The Astrophysical Journal 742.2 (2011): 78, reproduced by permission of the AAS, We present the result of an indirect search for high energy neutrinos from Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) annihilation in the Sun using upward-going muon (upmu) events at Super-Kamiokande. Data sets from SKI-SKIII (3109.6days) were used for the analysis. We looked for an excess of neutrino signal from the Sun as compared with the expected atmospheric neutrino background in three upmu categories: stopping, non-showering, and showering. No significant excess was observed. The 90% C.L. upper limits of upmu flux induced by WIMPs of 100GeV c-2 were 6.4 × 10-15cm -2s-1 and 4.0 × 10-15cm -2s-1 for the soft and hard annihilation channels, respectively. These limits correspond to upper limits of 4.5 × 10 -39cm-2 and 2.7 × 10-40cm-2 for spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon scattering cross sections in the soft and hard annihilation channels, respectively.

Published
2011

37. Non-invasive liposome-mediated gene delivery can correct the ion transport defect in cystic fibrosis mutant mice

Author

E. W. F. W. Alton, P. G. Middleton, N. J. Caplen, S. N. Smith, D. M. Steel, F. M. Munkonge, P. K. Jeffery, D. M. Geddes, S. L. Hart, R. Williamson, K. I. Fasold, A. D. Miller, P. Dickinson, B. J. Stevenson, G. McLachlan, J. R. Dorin, and D. J. Porteous

Subjects
DNA, Complementary, Cystic Fibrosis, Mutant, Molecular Sequence Data, Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator, Biology, Gene delivery, Cystic fibrosis, Mice, In vivo, Genes, Reporter, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Humans, Ions, Liposome, Lung, Base Sequence, Immunogenicity, Nebulizers and Vaporizers, Membrane Proteins, Biological Transport, Genetic Therapy, medicine.disease, Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, Mice, Mutant Strains, Intestines, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Immunology, Liposomes, biology.protein, Cancer research
Abstract

We report gene transfer to the Edinburgh insertional mutant mouse (cf/cf), delivering CFTR cDNA-liposome complexes into the airways by nebulization. We show full restoration of cAMP related chloride responses in some animals and demonstrate, in the same tissues, human CFTR cDNA expression. Overall, a range of correction was seen with restoration of about 50% of the deficit between wild type mice and untreated cf/cf controls. We report modest correction in the intestinal tract following direct instillation and provide initial encouraging safety data for both the respiratory and intestinal tract following the liposome mediated gene delivery. The non-viral nature and potentially lower immunogenicity of DNA-liposomes suggest that this may offer a therapeutic alternative to adenoviral therapies.

Published
1993

38. Use of erythropoietin in Jehovah's Witness children following acute gastrointestinal blood loss

Author

S N, Smith and D E, Milov

Subjects
Male, Adolescent, Hematocrit, Child, Preschool, Religion and Medicine, Esophageal Stenosis, Humans, Stomach Ulcer, Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage, Erythropoietin, Christianity, Recombinant Proteins
Abstract

The decision to transfuse children in families practicing the Jehovah's Witness faith with human blood products raises medical, legal, and moral questions. Two cases are presented in which recombinant human erythropoietin was used in pediatric patients as an alternative following acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The patients demonstrated increased hematocrit levels obviating the need for blood transfusion. Although erythropoietin is not an alternative to hemotransfusion in the unstable patient, it may be an option in the hemodynamically uncompromised Jehovah's Witness patient following acute blood loss.

Published
1993

40. THE BREAKDOWN OF PARAQUAT AND DIQUAT BY SOIL FUNGI

Author

Anthony J. E. Lyon, S. N. Smith, and Ismail Bin Sahid

Subjects
biology, Physiology, Aspergillus niger, Plant Science, Soil fungi, biology.organism_classification, Diquat, Horticulture, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mucor hiemalis, Paraquat, chemistry, Botany, Zygorhynchus, Intracellular, Volume concentration
Abstract

Summary Mucor hiemalis, Zygorhynchus heterogamous, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium frequentans were incubated in media containing either [methyl-14C] paraquat or [ethylene-14C] diquat. Aspergillus niger liberated 14CO2 from both herbicides and Penicillium frequentans only from paraquat. Mucor hiemalis and Zygorhynchus heterogamous were unable to release 14CO2 from either. Those species able to degrade paraquat or diquat have correspondingly low intracellular levels of the herbicides and are able to tolerate high concentrations in the medium. By contrast, species unable to break them down are characterized by high intracellular levels and by their inability to grow at low concentrations. Tolerance to these herbicides appears to be the result of an ability to degrade them.

Published
1976

41. THE EFFECT OF BIPYRIDYL HERBICIDES ON THE LOSS OF NUTRIENTS FROM FUNGI

Author

Anthony J. E. Lyon, Ismail Bin Sahid, and S. N. Smith

Subjects
Mucor, biology, Physiology, Potassium, Aspergillus niger, chemistry.chemical_element, Plant Science, Phosphate, biology.organism_classification, Diquat, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mucor hiemalis, chemistry, Paraquat, Botany, Sodium azide, Food science
Abstract

Summary Paraquat and diquat cause rapid loss of potassium and phosphate from Aspergillus niger, Penicillium frequentans, Mucor hiemalis and Zygorrhynchus heterogamus. The rate of loss is greater at higher concentrations of herbicide, particularly from Zygorrhynchus and Mucor. A brief incubation in paraquat or diquat is followed by sustained loss of potassium when colonies of the four species are transferred to water. Sodium azide also stimulates loss of potassium but thisceases when colonies are transferred to water. Paraquat enhances the level of malondialdehyde, a breakdown product of membrane fatty acids, in Zygorrhynchus and Mucor. These results are discussed with reference to the possible mode of action of bipyridyl herbicides in fungi.

Published
1981

42. Oculodentodigital dysplasia

Author

A G, Farman, S N, Smith, and C J, Nortjé

Subjects
Adult, Male, Tooth Abnormalities, Skull, Syndrome, Diagnosis, Differential, Fingers, Radiography, Dentin, Prognathism, Humans, Dental Enamel Hypoplasia, Mandibular Diseases, Eye Abnormalities, General Dentistry
Published
1977

43. Sexuality and genetic behavior in the fungusHypomyces (Fusarium) solanif. sp.cucurbitae

Author

S. G. Georgopoulos, R. K. Webster, W. C. Snyder, and S. N. Smith

Subjects
White (mutation), Fusarium, Mating type, biology, Hermaphrodite, Botany, food and beverages, Fungus, Heterothallic, Hypomyces, biology.organism_classification, Fusarium solani
Abstract

The host-specialized pathogen, Fusarium (Hypomyces) solani f. sp. cucurbitae causes rots of the stem, root, and fruit of cucurbits in many places in the world. The fungus is seed-borne, soil-borne, and sometimes air-borne. The individual clone is usually hermaphroditic but has been found in nature in a uni-sexual form. Although the Fusarium is heterothallic, rarely are the two mating types (+ and -) found together. When they are mated, the perithecia may be either red, or white, depending upon the genetic constitution. Races, as distinguished by host response, are not interfertile. Mutations of the normal hermaphrodite may give rise to male, female or neuter forms.

Published
1975

46. Organization and administration of hospice care

Author

S N, Smith and N, Bohnet

Subjects
Personnel, Hospital, Terminal Care, Public Relations, Quality Assurance, Health Care, Hospices, Personnel Staffing and Scheduling, Patient Advocacy, United States
Abstract

In these days of ever increasing health care costs, hospice is an important health care delivery method for insuring individualized, humane care of the terminally ill at a reasonable cost. In this article the authors discuss hospice concepts and strategies essential for the successful development of a hospice care program. Practical suggestions are provided for helping you develop a hospice program.

Published
1983

47. Factors influencing the rate of job turnover among hospital pharmacists

Author

S N, Smith, J E, Stewart, and P G, Grussing

Subjects
Chicago, Salaries and Fringe Benefits, Data Collection, Workforce, Personnel Turnover, Pharmacists, Pharmacy Service, Hospital, Job Satisfaction, Personnel Management
Abstract

Factors influencing the rate of job turnover among hospital pharmacists were studied. In June 1982, pharmacists and pharmacy directors in acute-care hospitals in the Chicago area with more than 100 beds were asked both open-ended and multiple-choice questions pertaining to reasons for accepting and staying at current jobs, reasons for leaving previous and possibly current jobs, career goals, and demographic data. From the sample of 529 pharmacists, 217 (41%) usable responses were received. Pharmacy directors' responses indicated that the turnover rate for pharmacists was 14.4% and that relocation and layoffs or job termination were the most common reasons for job turnover. Overall, pharmacists' pay and benefits and opportunity for promotion or advancement were the reasons pharmacists cited most frequently both for leaving a job and for staying at a job. Men ranked pay and benefits as the most important reason for taking and staying at a position and for leaving, whereas women cited hospital location as the most important reason for taking, staying at, or leaving a job. Other factors cited as important were working hours, professional challenge, job duties, and continuation of education. Pharmacists who had been in the current job for more than two years were less likely to leave. Pregnancy of the employee or spouse was not a strong reason for leaving, and relocation was a more important reason for women than for men. Approximately half the respondents indicated they had a career goal; promotion to management and continuation of education were the goals most frequently mentioned. Regional or national studies should be conducted to gain further understanding of why pharmacists accept, remain in, and change jobs.

Published
1986

48. Osteomyelitis with proliferative periostitis (Garré's osteomyelitis). Report of a case affecting the mandible

Author

S N, Smith and A G, Farman

Subjects
Radiography, Periostitis, Chronic Disease, Humans, Female, Mandibular Diseases, Osteomyelitis, Child
Abstract

A case of chronic osteomyelitis with proliferative periostitis of the mandible is reported. This is a unique form of osteomyelitis characterized radiographically by localized thickening of the periosteum and deposition of laminated subperiosteal bone.

Published
1977

49. Restricted mandibular movement. Report of 2 unusual causes

Author

A G, Farman and S N, Smith

Subjects
Adult, Male, Temporomandibular Joint, Masticatory Muscles, Humans, Female, Mouth Neoplasms, Trismus, Syphilis, Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic
Abstract

Hypomobility of the temporomandibular joint has a variety of causes. Two patients are presented in whom restricted jaw movement was the only clinical manifestation of serious underlying disease. The importance of submitting all tissues removed from patients for histopathological diagnosis is stressed.

Published
1977

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