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Two of the most frequent health conditions are low back pain and sciatica. Both the number of hours worked and the amount of money lost by workers and the country as a whole are drastically reduced. It's important to undertake a comprehensive physical evaluation on these people before initiating any therapy. It is likely that symptoms can increase as a consequence of obtaining inadequate medicinal or surgical care. To observe acupuncture's influence on prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc therapy. This inquiry took place at Suo-Xi Hospital at Shantinagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A 40-year-old male patient has been complaining of lower back discomfort for the last two months. The diagnosis was confirmed with a cervical spine Magnetic resonance imaging. Follow-up research showed promising outcomes. He no longer felt discomfort in his lower back, which he had been experiencing for two months. Prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc patients may benefit from acupuncture, according to the findings of this study.

Back pain and sciatica are common afflictions for adults. Working hours are reduced significantly, as well as financial losses for people and the government as a consequence of these changes. These individuals require a comprehensive assessment before treatment can begin. Medical or surgical therapy that falls short of a patient's needs may wreak havoc and exacerbate their condition. The aim of this case report see the effects of acupuncture in the treatment of PLID. This observational study was done in Suo-Xi Hospital, Shantinagar, Dhaka. A 30 years old male patient’s patient visited in the clinic complaining of low back discomfort that has been spreading down her left leg for the past two months. Diagnosis was confirmed by MRI of lumbo sacral spine. The results of the follow-up study were excellent. The Low back pain for 14 months which radiate towards left leg showed signs of healing after the 12th day of acupuncture. The patient's lower back pain, which had been spreading down his left leg, was no longer present. Conclusion: Acupuncture can confirmatively promote the functional recovery for patients with PLID.

Adults often complain of back and sciatic discomfort. People and the country suffer huge financial losses as a result of shorter working hours. Before treating these patients, a thorough examination is required. A lack of medical or surgical treatment may aggravate symptoms. The goal of this study is to determine if acupuncture has any impact on the symptoms of PLID. This inquiry took place at Suo-Xi Hospital, Shaan Tower, Chamelibagh, Santinagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A 43-year-old female patient has been experiencing low back discomfort that radiates down her left leg for the last four months. The diagnosis was confirmed with an MRI of the cervical spine. The follow-up research yielded good findings. After suffering from lower back discomfort for the previous five months, the patient felt much better on the second day of acupuncture and the reduced low back pain was no longer existent. Patients with PLID may benefit from acupuncture, according to this research.

Motor neuron disease (MND), often known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, is a degenerative neurological illness for which there is no recognized cause (ALS). Increased muscular weakening and bulbar dysfunction lead to respiratory failure, which is the most common cause of mortality [1]. It may be difficult to establish the diagnosis until all of the clinical signs and symptoms are present. One should always get a professional neurology opinion for all types of ailments since there is a wide differential diagnosis to consider, including treatable conditions. Though it is possible that only a small percentage of people with familial ALS can be shown to have an inherited gene disorder, research into the molecular basis of genetic subgroups is yielding vital discoveries that might one day lead to medications for those with sporadic cases [2]. A multidisciplinary team provides supportive care in the absence of a cure or treatment that may alter the course of the illness. Motor neuron illness may be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, and future treatment may involve a combination of molecular medications and stem cell transplantation. A progressive degenerative disease, such as MND or ALS, has no known cause in the patients who suffer from it. When examining the differential diagnosis of motor neuron illnesses, it is necessary to consider the relative involvement of upper and lower motor neurons.

Background: Low back pain and sciatica are very prevalent medical complaints. As a consequence of these adjustments, fewer hours will be worked and less of a toll will be taken on the national economy. A complete medical checkup is required before starting any kind of therapy for these people. Inadequate medical or surgical therapy may exacerbate symptoms, increasing the likelihood of this occurring. This research aims to learn whether and how acupuncture may improve standard PLID care. Methods: This inquiry took place at SUOXI Healthcare Limited in Shantinagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A 55-year-old male patient has been complaining of lower back discomfort for the last ten years. It had been seven years since he had found relief from the pain in his lower back, but now he was pain-free. The results of this research suggest that acupuncture may be helpful for those with PLID.

A crucial component to morbidity is a typical symptom as prolapse of lumbar intervertebral discs (PLID). Back pain and sciatica are two conditions that are quite prevalent in adults. In order to effectively treat these individuals, a more thorough examination is required. Treatment that is either medically or surgically injudicious has the potential to make the suffering worse. Suo-Xi Acupuncture at Shantinagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh, was the site of this investigation. A 30-year-old female patient has been complaining of low back pain for 5 years and both knee pain for 2 years. MRI of lumbo-sacral spine was used to confirm the diagnosis. The results of the follow-up study were excellent. The patient's lower back pain which she had been suffering for five years and both knee pain for 2 years, were seen improving at the first day of acupuncture. From this case study, patients with PLID may benefit from acupuncture.

In the current literature, a new Smarandache-type arithmetic function, involving binomial coefficients, has been proposed by Sandor. The new function, denoted by SS(n), is named the Sandor-Smarandache function. It has been found that, like many Smarandache-type functions, SS(n) is not multiplicative. Sandor found SS(n) when n (≥3) is an odd integer. Since then, the determination of SS(n) for even n remains a challenging problem. It has been shown that the function has a simple form even when n is even and not divisible by 3. This paper finds SS(n) in some particular cases of n, and finds an upper bound of SS(n) for some special forms of n. Some equations involving the Sandor-Smarandache function and pseudo-Smarandache function have been studied. A list of values of SS(n) for n = 1(1)480, calculated on a computer, is appended at the end of the paper.

Recent literature considers the variant of the classical Tower of Hanoi problem with n (³ 1) discs, where r (1 £ r < n) discs are evildoers, each of which can be placed directly on top of a smaller disc any number of times. Letting E(n, r) be the minimum number of moves required to solve the new variant, an explicit form of E(n, r) is available which depends on a positive integer constant N. This study investigates the properties of N.

Sandor introduced a new Smarandache-type function, denoted by SS(n), and is called the Sandor-Smarandache function. When n is an odd (positive) integer, then SS(n) has a very simple form, as has been derived by Sandor himself. However, when n is even, then the form of SS(n) is not simple, and remains an open problem. This paper finds SS(n) for some special cases of n. Particular attention is given to values of the general forms SS(2mp), SS(6mp), SS(60mp) and SS(420mp), where m is any (positive) integer and p is an odd prime. Some particular cases have been treated in detail. In Section 4, some remarks are observed.

Green supply chain management coordinates environment issues into the supply chain business. It has been popular to both academicians and practitioners. Smooth supply of processed agricultural products is essential for human beings and pets. In some models, excess raw materials, byproducts and defected products are kept neglected in producing and marketing finished products. Here, we have presented a three-tier green supply chain model for an agricultural product where byproducts are used for some purposes. Solution procedure of the model is derived. We have demonstrated the model using two numerical example problems.

The cities of the world are facing serious problems due to environmental hazards. The Department of Agricultural Extension has been implementing a pilot project on expansion of roof gardening in the Dhaka city since 2018 to reduce the increasing temperature, air pollution and for food production. However, no study has been conducted to find out the suitable technologies for producing fresh, safe and nutritious foods in the roof garden and to investigate the role of this roof garden on environment conservation for the Dhaka city dwellers with changing climate. Therefore, a research based roof garden model was developed at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University with the financial help of NATP-2 project. The experimental results showed that roof garden reduced upper surface temperature of roof more than 9°C and lower surface temperature of roof by 1.74°C and believe to reduce the electricity consumption for cooling the room of the top floor of the building during summer season. The oxygen and carbon dioxide percent were higher and lower, respectively in the garden than the bare roof. Therefore, the results suggest that urban crop production and environmental balance can be achieved to a certain extent by increasing the intensity of roof gardening in the Dhaka city

Smooth supply of processed agricultural products to the market is necessary for survival of human beings. Minimization of the management cost of these products plays an important role in delivering them to customers with reasonable prices. Although single-manufacturer single-retailer two-tier supply chain (SC) models are available in the literature, there is a lack of a three-tier SC model concerning agricultural products. This study presents a three-tier joint economic lot size SC model of delivering agricultural products, consisting of a single seasonal supplier, a single manufacturer and multiple retailers. The demand of a product is assumed to be a deterministic constant. The objective is to find the number of shipments and shipments sizes in a cycle from the supplier to the recipient to minimize the total cost of ordering, setup, shipment and holding. The model is solved following both the algebraic and the differentiation methods. They are found to provide the same solution theoretically. Also, we develop an algorithm to find integer number of shipments to manufacturer and retailers in obtaining the minimal total cost solution to the problem. A sensitivity analysis on a solution of a numerical problem shows that a manager can control the frequency of shipments with an extra cost.

Most existing publications regarding the supply chain (SC) have concentrated on two-tier models that include the vendor and the buyer. In reality, SC systems are more multifaceted and consist of at least three parties: supplier, manufacturer, and retailer. This study presents a manufacturer managed consignment policy (CP) model for a three-tier supply chain involving a single supplier, a single manufacturer, and multiple retailers. We also present a traditional policy (TP) model considering similar circumstances for a comparative study. In these models, we consider that retailers’ demands are random variables following generic probability density functions. The manufacturer collects raw materials from the supplier to produce finished goods, and then delivers the finished items to the retailers depending upon the retailers’ demand. These are profit maximizing models. We present techniques for solving these problems. We demonstrate the potential significance of the proposed models using comparative studies based on three numerical example problems. We found that all SC members earned increased profits under CP when compared with TP, and that the three-tier consignment is better than the two-tier consignment. We also analyzed the retail price markdown.

Use of seasonal products is common in our life. Control of management cost of these productsplays an important role in delivering them to customers with reasonable prices and profit. Some research hasbeen carried out with uniform distribution of demands to maximize profit independently for the vendor and thebuyer, and also for the integrated system by considering shortage cost and inventory cost of the unsold items. Inthe latter system the vendor is liable for shipment, and bears financial holding cost by keeping items in thebuyer’s warehouse but retains the ownership, and the buyer bears only the operational holding cost. To make afruitful consignment agreement, the vendor guarantees the buyer to earn at least as much as in traditional policyby offering the buyer an extra incentive along with the agreed commission. However, warehouse capacity,transport cost and inventory cost during processing of a product and meeting demand are essential in thissystem. To make the available models more realistic, this study extends them including these factors. Newsolution techniques to the extended models are developed, and the effects of the included factors are highlightedby comparative studies on the results of numerical problems.Keywords: Consignment policy; Traditional policy; Newsboy problem; Inventory; Transport

After reviewing the background and motivations for using modern computational methods for the design of reinforced concrete structures, an algorithm making use of the object oriented programming language Python and professionally developed finite element software is presented for the sizing and placement of the reinforcement in RC structures. The developed method is then used to design the reinforcement of a deep beam. To validate the design, two identical deep beam specimens were manufactured with the obtained steel, and then tested in the laboratory. It was found that the experimental results corroborated those predicted with the finite element design method.

Agricultural products are very common in our daily life. A few works limited to a two-tier supply chain (SC) of these products, have been carried out by controlling their management cost. This study develops a threetier SC model of processing an agricultural product with a stochastic demand, consisting of a single seasonal supplier, a single manufacturer and multiple retailers. A safety stock is maintained to meet extra demand. The objective is to identify the number of shipments and the shipment sizes in a cycle to be delivered to the manufacturer and the retailers in order to minimise the chain-wide cost. We develop two optimal solution methods to the model. These methods and the parallel multiple jumps technique used to find integer solutions are summarised in an algorithm to obtain global optimal solutions to the concerned problems. Managerial insight of this model is highlighted with a numerical illustration.

Consignment policy (CP) is a new fruitful technique to integrated inventory supply chain management. Success of the CP mostly depends upon the vendor's and the buyer's reliable collaboration. These strategic techniques were considered in the prior models but they were dealt without taking into account some realistic factors, such as work-in-process inventory, shipping time inventory, selling period inventory of sold products, transshipment cost, ordering cost, setup cost, and buyer's warehouse capacity constraint. This study presents a single-vendor single-buyer profit maximising consignment model with generalised demand distribution but considering these factors along with the ones considered previously. This model is compared with a traditional policy (TP) model developed in the similar fashion. Numerical examples with several patterns of demand distributions are set to illustrate the policies. Results show that both parties can earn more profit under CP than that of TP. Retail price markdown is analysed for the managerial implications.

Consignment Policy (CP) is a new approach for maintaining inventories in supply chain management. This strategic approach had been considered in previous profit maximizing models by taking into account only the inventory of unsold units of a product. However, the selling period inventory has not been considered in developing the model and hence it limits the optimal profit calculation. To make the model more realistic, this study extends prior single-manufacturer multi-retailer models with generalized demand distribution by considering this selling period inventory along with the other factors considered earlier. It has been compared with an uncoordinated Traditional Policy (TP) model developed in the similar approach. Two numerical examples with normal and exponential demand distributions are set to illustrate effects of this model. Results of both examples show that all parties can earn more profit under CP than that in TP. New solution techniques and algorithm of the extended model are developed, and the significance of the included factor is highlighted by comparative studies on the results of numerical problems. Retail price markdown is analyzed for the managerial implications.

Job satisfaction can simply be defined as the feelings people have about their jobs. As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an important element of individual wellbeing. Employers always try to maintain high level job satisfactions of their employees to get best services of them, because job satisfaction inspires the workforce to work honestly and efficiently. There are many factors which play vital role in the job satisfaction of an employee. We summarize them by five factors namely payment, supervision, promotion opportunities, environment of the workplace and the work itself. Using these facets, we establish a new method to measure job satisfaction level of an employee in percentage. We illustrate our method with the help of an example.