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1. Multiwavelength study of the gravitationally lensed blazar QSO B0218+357 between 2016 and 2020

Author

V A Acciari, S Ansoldi, L A Antonelli, A Arbet Engels, M Artero, K Asano, D Baack, A Babić, A Baquero, U Barres de Almeida, J A Barrio, I Batković, J Becerra González, W Bednarek, L Bellizzi, E Bernardini, M Bernardos, A Berti, J Besenrieder, W Bhattacharyya, C Bigongiari, A Biland, O Blanch, G Bonnoli, Ž Bošnjak, G Busetto, R Carosi, G Ceribella, M Cerruti, Y Chai, A Chilingarian, S Cikota, S M Colak, E Colombo, J L Contreras, J Cortina, S Covino, G D’Amico, V D’Elia, P Da Vela, F Dazzi, A De Angelis, B De Lotto, M Delfino, J Delgado, C Delgado Mendez, D Depaoli, F Di Pierro, L Di Venere, E Do Souto Espiñeira, D Dominis Prester, A Donini, D Dorner, M Doro, D Elsaesser, V Fallah Ramazani, A Fattorini, G Ferrara, M V Fonseca, L Font, C Fruck, S Fukami, R J García López, M Garczarczyk, S Gasparyan, M Gaug, N Giglietto, F Giordano, P Gliwny, N Godinović, J G Green, D Green, D Hadasch, A Hahn, L Heckmann, J Herrera, J Hoang, D Hrupec, M Hütten, T Inada, S Inoue, K Ishio, Y Iwamura, I Jiménez, J Jormanainen, L Jouvin, Y Kajiwara, M Karjalainen, D Kerszberg, Y Kobayashi, H Kubo, J Kushida, A Lamastra, D Lelas, F Leone, E Lindfors, S Lombardi, F Longo, R López-Coto, M López-Moya, A López-Oramas, S Loporchio, B Machado de Oliveira Fraga, C Maggio, P Majumdar, M Makariev, M Mallamaci, G Maneva, M Manganaro, K Mannheim, L Maraschi, M Mariotti, M Martínez, D Mazin, S Menchiari, S Mender, S Mićanović, D Miceli, T Miener, M Minev, J M Miranda, R Mirzoyan, E Molina, A Moralejo, D Morcuende, V Moreno, E Moretti, V Neustroev, C Nigro, K Nilsson, K Nishijima, K Noda, S Nozaki, Y Ohtani, T Oka, J Otero-Santos, S Paiano, M Palatiello, D Paneque, R Paoletti, J M Paredes, L Pavletić, P Peñil, C Perennes, M Persic, P G Prada Moroni, E Prandini, C Priyadarshi, I Puljak, W Rhode, M Ribó, J Rico, C Righi, A Rugliancich, L Saha, N Sahakyan, T Saito, S Sakurai, K Satalecka, F G Saturni, B Schleicher, K Schmidt, T Schweizer, J Sitarek, I Šnidarić, D Sobczynska, A Spolon, A Stamerra, D Strom, M Strzys, Y Suda, T Surić, M Takahashi, F Tavecchio, P Temnikov, T Terzić, M Teshima, L Tosti, S Truzzi, A Tutone, S Ubach, J van Scherpenberg, G Vanzo, M Vazquez Acosta, S Ventura, V Verguilov, C F Vigorito, V Vitale, I Vovk, M Will, C Wunderlich, D Zarić, F de Palma, F D’Ammando, A Barnacka, D K Sahu, M Hodges, T Hovatta, S Kiehlmann, W Max-Moerbeck, A C S Readhead, R Reeves, T J Pearson, A Lähteenmäki, I Björklund, M Tornikoski, J Tammi, S Suutarinen, K Hada, and K Niinuma

Published
2021
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2. Multiwavelength Variability and Correlation Studies of Mrk 421 During Historically Low X-ray and Y-ray Activity in 2015–2016

Author

Janeth Valverde Quispe, V. A. Acciari, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, K. Asano, A. Babic, B. Banerjee, A. Baquero, U.BarresdeAlmeida, J. A. Barrio, J. Becerra Gonzalez, W. Bednarek, L. Bellizzi, E. Bernardini, M. Bernardos, A. Berti, J. Besenrieder, W. Bhattacharyya, C. Bigongiari, O. Blanch, G. Bonnoli, Z. Bosnjak, G. Busetto, R. Carosi, G. Ceribella, M. Cerruti, Y. Chai, A. Chilingarian, S. Cikota, S. M. Colak, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, G. D’Amico, V. D’Elia, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, M. Delfino, J. Delgado, C. Delgado Mendez, D. Depaoli, T. Di Girolamo, F. Di Pierro, L. Di Venere, E. Do Souto Espineira, D. Dominis Prester, A. Donini, M. Doro, V. Fallah Ramazani, A. Fattorini, G. Ferrara, L. Foffano, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, C. Fruck, S. Fukami, R. J. Garcıa Lopez, M. Garczarczyk, S. Gasparyan, M. Gaug, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, P. Gliwny, N. Godinovic, J. G. Green, D. Green, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, L. Heckmann, J. Herrera, J. Hoang, D. Hrupec, M. Hutten, T. Inada, S. Inoue, K. Ishio, Y. Iwamura, J. Jormanainen, L. Jouvin, Y. Kajiwara, M. Karjalainen, D. Kerszberg, Y. Kobayashi, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, A. Lamastra, D. Lelas, F. Leone, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, M. Lopez, R. Lopez-Coto, A. Lopez-Oramas, S. Loporchio, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, C. Maggio, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martınez, D. Mazin, S. Mender, S. Micanovic, D. Miceli, T. Miener, M. Minev, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, E. Molina, A. Moralejo, D. Morcuende, V. Moreno, E. Moretti, P. Munar-Adrover, V. Neustroev, C. Nigro, K. Nilsson, D. Ninci, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, S. Nozaki, Y. Ohtani, T. Oka, J. Otero-Santos, M. Palatiello, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, L. Pavletic, P. P enil, C. Perennes, M. Persic, P. G . Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, C. Priyadarshi, I. Puljak, W. Rhode, M. Ribo, J. Rico, C. Righi, A. Rugliancich, L. Saha, N. Sahakyan, T. Saito, S. Sakurai, K. Satalecka, B. Schleicher, K. Schmidt, T. Schweizer, J. Sitarek, I. Snidaric, D. Sobczynska, A. Spolon, A. Stamerra, D. Strom, M. Strzys, Y. Suda, T. Suric, M. Takahashi, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, T. Terzic, M. Teshima, N. Torres-Alba, L. Tosti, S. Truzzi, J. van Scherpenberg, G. Vanzo, M. Vazquez Acosta, S. Ventura, V. Verguilov, C. F. Vigorito, V. Vitale, I. Vovk, M. Will, D. Zaric, A. Arbet-Engels, D. Baack, M. Balbo, M. Beck, N. Biederbeck, A. Biland, T. Bretz, K. Bruegge, J. Buss, D. Dorner, D. Elsaesser, D. Hildebrand, R. Iotov, M. Klinger, K. Mannheim, D. Neise, A. Neronov, M. Noethe, A. Paravac, V. Sliusar, F. Theissen, R. Walter, J. Valverde, D. Horan, M. Giroletti, M. Perri, F. Verrecchia, C. Leto, A. C. Sadun, J. W. Moody, M. Joner, A. P. Marscher, S. G. Jorstad, A. Lahteenmaki, M. Tornikoski, V. Ramakrishnan, E. Jarvela, R. J. C. Vera, S. Righini, and A.Y.Lien

Subjects
Astronomy
Abstract

We report a characterization of the multiband flux variability and correlations of the nearby (z=0.031) blazar Markarian 421(Mrk 421) using data from Mets ̈ahovi, Swift, Fermi-LAT, MAGIC, FACT, and other collaborations and instruments from 2014November till 2016 June. Mrk 421 did not show any prominent flaring activity, but exhibited periods of historically low activity above 1 TeV (F>1TeV<1.7×10−12ph cm−2s−1) and in the 2–10 keV (X-ray) band (F2−10 keV<3.6×10−11erg cm−2s−1),during which the Swift-BAT data suggest an additional spectral component beyond the regular synchrotron emission. The highest flux variability occurs in X-rays and very high-energy (E>0.1 TeV)γ-rays, which, despite the low activity, show a significant positive correlation with no time lag. The HRkeV and HRTeV show the harder-when-brighter trend observed in many blazars, but the trend flattens at the highest fluxes, which suggests a change in the processes dominating the blazar variability. Enlarging our dataset with data from years 2007 to 2014, we measured a positive correlation between the optical and the GeV emission over a range of about 60 d centred at time lag zero, and a positive correlation between the optical/GeV and the radio emission over a range of about 60 d centred at a time lag of 43+9−6d. This observation is consistent with the radio-bright zone being located about 0.2 parsec downstream from the optical/GeV emission regions of the jet. The flux distributions are better described with a lognormal function in most of the energy bands probed, indicating that the variability in Mrk 421 is likely produced by a multiplicative process.

Published
2020
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3. Observation of inverse Compton emission from a long γ-ray burst

Author

P. Veres, P. N. Bhat, M. S. Briggs, W. H. Cleveland, R. Hamburg, C. M. Hui, B. Mailyan, R. D. Preece, O. J. Roberts, A. von Kienlin, C. A. Wilson-Hodge, D. Kocevski, M. Arimoto, D. Tak, K. Asano, M. Axelsson, G. Barbiellini, E. Bissaldi, F.Fana Dirirsa, R. Gill, J. Granot, J. McEnery, N. Omodei, S. Razzaque, F. Piron, J. L. Racusin, D. J. Thompson, S. Campana, M. G. Bernardini, N. P. M. Kuin, M. H. Siegel, S. B. Cenko, P. O’Brien, M. Capalbi, A. Daì, M. De Pasquale, J. Gropp, N. Klingler, J. P. Osborne, M. Perri, R. L. C. Starling, G. Tagliaferri, A. Tohuvavohu, A. Ursi, M.Tavani, M. Cardillo, C. Casentini, G. Piano, Y. Evangelista, F. Verrecchia, C. Pittori, F. Lucarelli, A. Bulgarelli, N. Parmiggiani, G. E. Anderson, J. P. Anderson, G. Bernardi, J. Bolmer, M. D. Caballero-García, I. M. Carrasco, A. Castellón, N. Castro Segura, A. J. Castro-Tirado, S. V. Cherukuri, A. M. Cockeram, P. D’Avanzo, A. Di Dato, R. Diretse, R. P. Fender, E. Fernández-García, J. P. U. Fynbo, A. S.Fruchter, J. Greiner, M. Gromadzki, K. E. Heintz, I. Heywood, A. J. van der Horst, Y.-D. Hu, C. Inserra, L. Izzo, V. Jaiswal, P. Jakobsson, J. Japelj, E. Kankare, D. A.Kann, C. Kouveliotou, S. Klose, A. J. Levan, X. Y. Li, S. Lotti, K. Maguire, D. B. Malesani, I. Manulis, M. Marongiu, S. Martin, A. Melandri, M. J.Michałowski, J. C. A. Miller-Jones, K. Misra, A. Moin, K. P. Mooley, S. Nasri, M. Nicholl, A. Noschese, G. Novara, S. B. Pandey, E. Peretti, C. J. Pérez del Pulgar, M. A. Pérez-Torres, D. A. Perley, L. Piro, F. Ragosta, L. Resmi, R. Ricci, A. Rossi, R. Sánchez-Ramírez, J. Selsing, S. Schulze, S. J. Smartt, I. A. Smith, V. V. Sokolov, J. Stevens, N. R. Tanvir, C. C. Thöne, A. Tiengo, E. Tremou, E. Troja, A. de Ugarte Postigo, A. F. Valeev, S. D. Vergani, M. Wieringa, P. A. Woudt, D. Xu, O. Yaron, D. R. Young, V. A. Acciari, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, A. Arbet Engels, D. Baack, A. Babić, B. Banerjee, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, J. Becerra González, W. Bednarek, L. Bellizzi, E. Bernardini, A. Berti, J. Besenrieder, W. Bhattacharyya, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, O. Blanch, G. Bonnoli, Ž. Bošnjak, G. Busetto, R. Carosi, G. Ceribella, Y. Chai, A. Chilingaryan, S. Cikota, S. M. Colak, U. Colin, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, V. D’Elia, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, M. Delfino, J. Delgado, D. Depaoli, F. Di Pierro, L. Di Venere, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, D. Dominis Prester, A. Donini, D. Dorner, M. Doro, D. Elsaesser, V. Fallah Ramazani, A. Fattorini, G. Ferrara, D. Fidalgo, L. Foffano, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, C. Fruck, S. Fukami, R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, S.Gasparyan, M. Gaug, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, N. Godinović, D. Green, D. Guberman, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, J. Herrera, J. Hoang, D. Hrupec, M. Hütten, T. Inada, S. Inoue, K. Ishio, Y. Iwamura, L. Jouvin, D. Kerszberg, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, A. Lamastra, D. Lelas, F. Leone, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, M. López, R. López-Coto, A. López-Oramas, S. Loporchio, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, C. Maggio, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, D. Mazin, S. Mićanović, D. Miceli, M. Minev, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, E. Molina, A. Moralejo, D. Morcuende, V. Moreno, E. Moretti, P. Munar-Adrover, V. Neustroev, C. Nigro, K. Nilsson, D. Ninci, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, L. Nogués, S. Nozaki, S. Paiano, M. Palatiello, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, P. Peñil, M. Peresano, M. Persic, P. G. Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, I. Puljak, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, J. Rico, C. Righi, A. Rugliancich, L. Saha, N. Sahakyan, T. Saito, S. Sakurai, K. Satalecka, K. Schmidt, T. Schweizer, J. Sitarek, I. Šnidarić, D. Sobczynska, A. Somero, A. Stamerra, D. Strom, M. Strzys, Y. Suda, T. Surić, M. Takahashi, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, T. Terzić, M. Teshima, N. Torres-Albà, L. Tosti, V. Vagelli, J. van Scherpenberg, G. Vanzo, M. Vazquez Acosta, C. F. Vigorito, V. Vitale, I. Vovk, M. Will, D. Zarić, and L. Nava

Subjects
Space Sciences (General)
Abstract

Long-duration γ-ray bursts (GRBs) originate from ultra-relativistic jets launched from the collapsing cores of dying massive stars. They are characterized by an initial phase of bright and highly variable radiation in the kiloelectronvolt-to-megaelectronvolt band, which is probably produced within the jet and lasts from milliseconds to minutes, known as the prompt emission. Subsequently, the interaction of the jet with the surrounding medium generates shock waves that are responsible for the afterglow emission, which lasts from days to months and occurs over a broad energy range from the radio to the gigaelectronvolt bands. The afterglow emission is generally well explained as synchrotron radiation emitted by electrons accelerated by the external shock. Recently, intense long-lasting emission between 0.2 and 1 teraelectronvolts was observed from GRB 190114C. Here we report multifrequency observations of GRB 190114C, and study the evolution in time of the GRB emission across 17 orders of magnitude in energy, from 5 × 10^(−6) to 10^(12) electronvolts. We find that the broadband spectral energy distribution is double-peaked, with the teraelectronvolt emission constituting a distinct spectral component with power comparable to the synchrotron component. This component is associated with the afterglow and is satisfactorily explained by inverse Compton up-scattering of synchrotron photons by high-energy electrons. We find that the conditions required to account for the observed teraelectronvolt component are typical for GRBs, supporting the possibility that inverse Compton emission is commonly produced in GRBs.

Published
2019
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4. MAGIC and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray results on unassociated HAWC sources

Author

M. L. Ahnen, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, C. Arcaro, D. Baack, A. Babic, B. Banerjee, P. Bangale, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, J. Becerra Gonzalez, W. Bednarek, E. Bernardini, R. Ch. Berse, A. Berti, W. Bhattacharyya, A. Biland, O. Blanch, G. Bonnoli, R. Carosi, A. Carosi, G. Ceribella, A. Chatterjee, S. M. Colak, P. Colin, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, P. Cumani, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, M. Delfino, J. Delgado, F. Di Pierro, A. Domınguez, D. Dominis Prester, D. Dorner, M. Doro, S. Einecke, D. Elsaesser, V. Fallah Ramazani, A. Fernandez-Barral, D. Fidalgo, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, C. Fruck, D. Galindo, R. J. Garcıa Lopez, M. Garczarczyk, M. Gaug, P. Giammaria, N. Godinovic, D. Gora, D. Guberman, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, T. Hassan, M. Hayashida, J. Herrera, J. Hose, D. Hrupec, K. Ishio, Y. Konno, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, D. Kuvezdic, D. Lelas, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, M. Lopez, C. Maggio, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martınez, S. Masuda, D. Mazin, K. Mielke, M. Minev, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, A. Moralejo, V. Moreno, E. Moretti, T. Nagayoshi, V. Neustroev, A. Niedzwiecki, M. Nievas Rosillo, C. Nigro, K. Nilsson, D. Ninci, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, L. Nogues, S. Paiano, J. Palacio, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, G. Pedaletti, M. Peresano, M. Persic, P. G. Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, I. Puljak, J. R. Garcia, I. Reichardt, W. Rhodes, M. Ribo, J. Rico, C. Righi, A. Rugliancich, T. Saito, K. Satalecka, T. Schweizer, J. Sitarek, I. Snidaric, D. Sobczynska, A. Stamerra, M. Strzys, T. Suric, M. Takahashi, L. Takalo, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, T. Terzic, M. Teshima, N. Torres-Alba, A. Treves, S. Tsujimoto, G. Vanzo, M. Vazquez Acosta, I. Vovk, J. E. Ward, M. Will, D. Zaric, A. Albert, R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, R. Arceo, J. C. Arteaga-Velazquez, D. Avila Rojas, H. A. Ayala Solares, A. Becerril, E. Belmont-Moreno, S. Y. BenZvi, A. Bernal, J. Braun, K. S. Caballero-Mora, T. Capistran, A. Carraminana, S. Casanova, M. Castillo, U. Cotti, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutino de Leon, C. De Leon, E. De la Fuente, R. Diaz Hernandez, S. Dichiara, B. L. Dingus, M. A. DuVernois, J. C. Dıaz-Velez, R. W. Ellsworth, K. Engel, O. Enriquez-Rivera, D. W. Fiorino, H. Fleischhack, N. Fraija, J. A. Garcıa-Gonzalez, F. Garfias, A. Gonzalez-Munoz, M. M. Gonzalez, J. A. Goodman, Z. Hampel-Arias, J. P. Harding, S. Hernandez, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, C. M. Hui, P. Huntemeyer, A. Iriarte, A. Jardin-Blicq, V. Joshi, S. Kaufmann, A. Lara, R. J. Lauer, W. H. Lee, D. Lennarz, H. Leon Vargas, J. T. Linnemann, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, R. Luna-Garcıa, R. Lopez-Coto, K. Malone, S. S. Marinelli, O. Martinez, I. Martinez-Castellanos, J. Martınez-Castro, H. Martınez-Huerta, J. A. Matthews, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, E. Moreno, A. Nayerhoda, L. Nellen, M. Newbold, M. U. Nisa, R. Noriega-Papaqui, R. Pelayo, J. Pretz, E. G. Perez-Perez, Z. Ren, C. D. Rho, C. Riviere, D. Rosa-Gonzalez, M. Rosenberg, E. Ruiz-Velasco, F. Salesa Greus, A. Sandoval, M. Schneider, M. Seglar Arroyo, G. Sinnis, A. J. Smith, R. W. Springer, P. Surajbali, I. Taboada, O. Tibolla, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, T. N. Ukwatta, G. Vianello, L. Villasenor, F. Werner, S. Westerhoff, J. Wood, T. Yapici, G. Yodh, A. Zepeda, H. Zhou, J. D. Alvarez, M. Ajello, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, B. Berenji, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, R. Bonino, E. Bottacini, T. J. Brandt, J. Bregeon, P. Bruel, R. A. Cameron, R. Caputo, P. A. Caraveo, D. Castro, E. Cavazzuti, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, D. Costantin, F. D'Ammando, F. de Palma, A. Desai, N. Di Lalla, M. Di Mauro, L. Di Venere, C. Favuzzi, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, T. Glanzman, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, S. Guiriec, A. K. Harding, E. Hays, J. W. Hewitt, D. Horan, G. Johannesson, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, I. Liodakis, F. Loparco, P. Lubrano, J. D. Magill, S. Maldera, A. Manfreda, M. N. Mazziotta, I. Mereu, P. F. Michelson, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, E. Nuss, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, M. Palatiello, V. S. Paliya, M. Pesce-Rollins, V. Petrosian, F. Piron, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, S. Raino, B. Rani, M. Razzano, S. Razzaque, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, C. Sgro, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, H. Tajima, J. B. Thayer, David J Thompson, D. F. Torres, E. Torresi, E. Troja, J. Valverde, K. Wood, and M. Yassine

Subjects
Astronomy, Astrophysics
Abstract

The HAWC Collaboration released the 2HWC catalogue of TeV sources, in which 19 show no association with any known high-energy (HE; E ≳ 10 GeV) or very-high-energy (VHE; E ≳ 300 GeV) sources. This catalogue motivated follow-up studies by both the Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) and Fermi-LAT (Large Area Telescope) observatories with the aim of investigating gamma-ray emission over a broad energy band. In this paper, we report the results from the first joint work between High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC), MAGIC, and Fermi-LAT on three unassociated HAWC sources: 2HWC J2006+341, 2HWC J1907+084*, and 2HWC J1852+013*. Although no significant detection was found in the HE and VHE regimes, this investigation shows that a minimum 1° extension (at 95 per cent confidence level) and harder spectrum in the GeV than the one extrapolated from HAWC results are required in the case of 2HWC J1852+013*, whilst a simply minimum extension of 0.16° (at 95 per cent confidence level) can already explain the scenario proposed by HAWC for the remaining sources. Moreover, the hypothesis that these sources are pulsar wind nebulae is also investigated in detail.

Published
2019
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5. Author Correction: Proton acceleration in thermonuclear nova explosions revealed by gamma rays

Author

V. A. Acciari, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, A. Arbet Engels, M. Artero, K. Asano, D. Baack, A. Babić, A. Baquero, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, I. Batković, J. Becerra González, W. Bednarek, L. Bellizzi, E. Bernardini, M. Bernardos, A. Berti, J. Besenrieder, W. Bhattacharyya, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, O. Blanch, H. Bökenkamp, G. Bonnoli, Ž. Bošnjak, G. Busetto, R. Carosi, G. Ceribella, M. Cerruti, Y. Chai, A. Chilingarian, S. Cikota, S. M. Colak, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, G. D’Amico, V. D’Elia, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, A. Del Popolo, M. Delfino, J. Delgado, C. Delgado Mendez, D. Depaoli, F. Di Pierro, L. Di Venere, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, D. Dominis Prester, A. Donini, D. Dorner, M. Doro, D. Elsaesser, V. Fallah Ramazani, L. Fariña Alonso, A. Fattorini, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, C. Fruck, S. Fukami, Y. Fukazawa, R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, S. Gasparyan, M. Gaug, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, P. Gliwny, N. Godinović, J. G. Green, D. Green, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, T. Hassan, L. Heckmann, J. Herrera, J. Hoang, D. Hrupec, M. Hütten, T. Inada, K. Ishio, Y. Iwamura, I. Jiménez Martínez, J. Jormanainen, L. Jouvin, D. Kerszberg, Y. Kobayashi, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, A. Lamastra, D. Lelas, F. Leone, E. Lindfors, L. Linhoff, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, R. López-Coto, M. López-Moya, A. López-Oramas, S. Loporchio, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, C. Maggio, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, A. Mas Aguilar, D. Mazin, S. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Mićanović, D. Miceli, T. Miener, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, E. Molina, A. Moralejo, D. Morcuende, V. Moreno, E. Moretti, T. Nakamori, L. Nava, V. Neustroev, M. Nievas Rosillo, C. Nigro, K. Nilsson, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, S. Nozaki, Y. Ohtani, T. Oka, J. Otero-Santos, S. Paiano, M. Palatiello, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, L. Pavletić, P. Peñil, M. Persic, M. Pihet, P. G. Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, C. Priyadarshi, I. Puljak, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, J. Rico, C. Righi, A. Rugliancich, N. Sahakyan, T. Saito, S. Sakurai, K. Satalecka, F. G. Saturni, B. Schleicher, K. Schmidt, T. Schweizer, J. Sitarek, I. Šnidarić, D. Sobczynska, A. Spolon, A. Stamerra, J. Strišković, D. Strom, M. Strzys, Y. Suda, T. Surić, M. Takahashi, R. Takeishi, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, T. Terzić, M. Teshima, L. Tosti, S. Truzzi, A. Tutone, S. Ubach, J. van Scherpenberg, G. Vanzo, M. Vazquez Acosta, S. Ventura, V. Verguilov, C. F. Vigorito, V. Vitale, I. Vovk, M. Will, C. Wunderlich, T. Yamamoto, D. Zarić, F. Ambrosino, M. Cecconi, G. Catanzaro, C. Ferrara, A. Frasca, M. Munari, L. Giustolisi, J. Alonso-Santiago, M. Giarrusso, U. Munari, and P. Valisa

Subjects
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published
2022

6. VHE gamma-ray detection of FSRQ QSO B1420+326 and modeling of its enhanced broadband state in 2020

Author

Yu. V. Troitskaya, D. Zarić, M. I. Martínez, Svetlana G. Jorstad, J. Becerra González, Stefano Ansoldi, P. Peñil, D. Miceli, T. S. Grishina, Pullur Anil Kumar, Markus Gaug, Stefano Truzzi, A. De Angelis, D. Dorner, Alice Donini, G. Vanzo, L. A. Antonelli, Y. Suda, C. C. Cheung, J. van Scherpenberg, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Abelardo Moralejo, S. Lombardi, Francesco Longo, A. Babić, Elina Lindfors, Antonio Stamerra, D. Hadasch, Valeri M. Larionov, Petar Temnikov, Luigi Pacciani, Andrea Marchini, M. Orienti, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, E. Moretti, D. Depaoli, A. Porras, Kyoshi Nishijima, L. Bellizzi, Alan P. Marscher, R. J. C. Vera, Tjark Miener, M.K. Hallum, G. Maneva, M. Mariotti, Koji Noda, Elisa Bernardini, Yosuke Kobayashi, W. Bhattacharyya, Marco Berton, V. Fallah Ramazani, John Hoang, Stefano Ciprini, K. Mannheim, S. Mićanović, Alexander Kurtenkov, Alessia Spolon, P. Prajapati, I. Vovk, C. Maggio, S. M. Colak, Anne Lähteenmäki, A. Hahn, David H. Green, Matteo Cerruti, E. Molina, T. Surić, M. Minev, Simone Mender, D. Elsaesser, A. Rugliancich, T. Saito, M. Makariev, C. Perennes, K. Nilsson, G. Ceribella, Christian Fruck, W. Rhode, R. Carosi, V. A. Acciari, R. J. García López, Maria-Isabel Bernardos, Walter Max-Moerbeck, M. Hart, D. Paneque, Daria A. Morozova, D. Dominis Prester, Razmik Mirzoyan, Ciro Bigongiari, F. Giordano, Z. R. Weaver, J. Besenrieder, Damir Lelas, Oscar Blanch, F. Leone, J. Rico, Daniel Kerszberg, M. Will, B. De Lotto, Elisa Prandini, F. Di Pierro, Jenni Jormanainen, T. Schweizer, R. López-Coto, M. Vazquez Acosta, Pratik Majumdar, Giacomo D'Amico, A. Arbet Engels, Lea Heckmann, M. Karjalainen, Y. Kajiwara, L. Di Venere, Vitaly Neustroev, A. A. Vasilyev, S. Nozaki, D. Ninci, Elena G. Larionova, G. A. Borman, M. V. Fonseca, Rodrigo Reeves, W. Bednarek, Katsuaki Asano, R. Angioni, Dorota Sobczyńska, J. Herrera, Andrés Baquero, S. Paiano, Luca Tosti, Juan Abel Barrio, Chiara Righi, T. J. Pearson, M. Hodges, L. Jouvin, Joni Tammi, Dominik Baack, Shashikiran Ganesh, S. Fukami, Sebastian Kiehlmann, K. Ishio, G. Ferrara, Ashot Chilingarian, Antonio Tutone, J. Kushida, Narek Sahakyan, G. Bonnoli, Jose Luis Contreras, Y. Chai, M. Palatiello, Valerio D'Elia, Jarred Gershon Green, V. Verguilov, I. Puljak, A. López-Oramas, U. Barres de Almeida, Filippo D'Ammando, D. Strom, J. Otero-Santos, E. Colombo, Nikola Godinovic, Juan Cortina, Jose Miguel Miranda, Chaitanya Priyadarshi, I. Šnidarić, Dario Hrupec, R. Paoletti, A. Fattorini, Sergey S. Savchenko, Francesco Dazzi, Shunsuke Sakurai, Y. Iwamura, A. Berti, M. Teshima, M. Mallamaci, S. Ventura, M. Takahashi, Massimo Persic, J. M. Paredes, Markus Garczarczyk, M. Delfino, Vincenzo Vitale, G. Busetto, Tomohiko Oka, S. Gasparyan, Lab Saha, A. Lamastra, G. Escobedo, E. Recillas, F.G. Saturni, Hidetoshi Kubo, Jordi Delgado, Tomohiro Inada, S. Loporchio, Carlo Vigorito, S. Cikota, Susumu Inoue, Kevin Schmidt, Talvikki Hovatta, Ž. Bošnjak, Manuel Artero, M. López-Moya, Anthony C. S. Readhead, A. A. Nikiforova, Lovro Pavletić, Laura Maraschi, Pawel Gliwny, Nicola Giglietto, L. Font, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, Tomislav Terzić, C. Nigro, Luca Foffano, Julian Sitarek, E. N. Kopatskaya, Yoshiki Ohtani, N. Torres-Albà, C. Delgado Mendez, M. Strzys, Bernd Schleicher, Marina Manganaro, P. G. Prada Moroni, Merja Tornikoski, Konstancja Satalecka, D. Mazin, Michele Doro, Stefano Covino, Ivan S. Troitsky, A. Biland, L. Carrasco, P. Da Vela, M. Ribó, D. Morcuende, V. Moreno, Moritz Hütten, University of La Laguna, University of Udine, National Institute for Astrophysics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Institute for High Energy Physics, The University of Tokyo, Dortmund University, University of Zagreb, Complutense University, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, University of Łódź, University of Siena, German Electron Synchrotron, University of Padova, University of Turin, Max Planck Institute for Physics, University of Pisa, University of Barcelona, A. Alikhanian Yerevan Institute of Physics, CIEMAT, Polytechnic University of Bari, University of Rijeka, University of Würzburg, University of Turku, Autonomous University of Barcelona, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, University of Split, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Kyoto University, Tokai University, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, University of Oulu, Ruder Boskovic Institute, National Institute for Nuclear Physics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, ASI Science Data Center, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Bologna, Naval Research Laboratory, Physical Research Laboratory India, Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica Optica y Electronica, Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Boston University, St. Petersburg State University, Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, California Institute of Technology, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babi??, A., Baquero, A., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra Gonz??lez, J., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bo??njak, ??., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D???amico, G., D???elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Delgado Mendez, C., Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Do Souto Espi??eira, E., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Garc??a L??pez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinovi??, N., Green, J. G., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., H??tten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jormanainen, J., Jouvin, L., Kajiwara, Y., Karjalainen, M., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., L??pez-Coto, R., L??pez-Moya, M., L??pez-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Mart??nez, M., Mazin, D., Mender, S., Mi??anovi??, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavleti??, L., Pe??il, P., Perennes, C., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Rib??, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., nidari??, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Suri??, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzi??, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Alb??, N., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zari??, D., Angioni, R., D???ammando, F., Ciprini, S., Cheung, C. C., Orienti, M., Pacciani, L., Prajapati, P., Kumar, P., Ganesh, S., Kurtenkov, A., Marchini, A., Carrasco, L., Escobedo, G., Porras, A., Recillas, E., L??hteenm??ki, A., Tornikoski, M., Berton, M., Tammi, J., Vera, R. J. C., Jorstad, S. G., Marscher, A. P., Weaver, Z. R., Hart, M., Hallum, M. K., Larionov, V. M., Borman, G. A., Grishina, T. S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Larionova, E. G., Nikiforova, A. A., Morozova, D. A., Savchenko, S. S., Troitskaya, Yu. V., Troitsky, I. S., Vasilyev, A. A., Hodges, M., Hovatta, T., Kiehlmann, S., Max-Moerbeck, W., Readhead, A. C. S., Reeves, R., and Pearson, T. J.

Subjects
Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, individual: QSO B1420+326 [quasars], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, jets [galaxies], FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, gamma rays: galaxies, galaxies: jets, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, quasars: individual: QSO B1420+326, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Galaxies: jets, Gamma rays: galaxies, Quasars: individual: QSO B1420+326, galaxie [gamma rays], Blazar, Spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Superluminal motion, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Optical polarization, Quasar, non-thermal [radiation mechanisms], galaxies, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [gamma rays], jet [galaxies], Space and Planetary Science, galaxies [gamma rays], Spectral energy distribution, ddc:520, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Equivalent width, Flare
Abstract

Astronomy and astrophysics 647, A163 (2021). doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039687, Context. QSO B1420+326 is a blazar classified as a flat-spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ). At the beginning of the year 2020, it was found to be in an enhanced flux state and an extensive multiwavelength campaign allowed us to trace the evolution of the flare.Aims. We search for very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission from QSO B1420+326 during this flaring state. We aim to characterize and model the broadband emission of the source over different phases of the flare.Methods. The source was observed with a number of instruments in radio, near-infrared, optical (including polarimetry and spectroscopy), ultraviolet, X-ray, and gamma-ray bands. We use dedicated optical spectroscopy results to estimate the accretion disk and the dust torus luminosity. We performed spectral energy distribution modeling in the framework of combined synchrotron-self-Compton and external Compton scenario in which the electron energy distribution is partially determined from acceleration and cooling processes.Results. During the enhanced state, the flux of both SED components of QSO B1420+326 drastically increased and the peaks were shifted to higher energies. Follow-up observations with the MAGIC telescopes led to the detection of VHE gamma-ray emission from this source, making it one of only a handful of FSRQs known in this energy range. Modeling allows us to constrain the evolution of the magnetic field and electron energy distribution in the emission region. The gamma-ray flare was accompanied by a rotation of the optical polarization vector during a low -polarization state. Also, a new superluminal radio knot contemporaneously appeared in the radio image of the jet. The optical spectroscopy shows a prominent FeII bump with flux evolving together with the continuum emission and a MgII line with varying equivalent width.Key words: gamma rays: galaxies / galaxies: jets / radiation mechanisms: non-thermal / quasars: individual: QSO B1420+326��� Corresponding authors; contact.magic@mpp.mpg.de��� Deceased., Published by EDP Sciences, Les Ulis

Published
2020
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7. Testing two-component models on very high-energy gamma-ray-emitting BL Lac objects

Author

Razmik Mirzoyan, D. Ninci, Susumu Inoue, Dorota Sobczyńska, V. Verguilov, Chiara Righi, J. van Scherpenberg, I. Šnidarić, John Hoang, Y. Chai, Stefano Covino, A. Babić, F. Di Pierro, D. Strom, Jose Luis Contreras, Petar Temnikov, Elisa Bernardini, C. Arcaro, Y. Iwamura, Ž. Bošnjak, Juan Cortina, Andrei Berdyugin, Bernd Schleicher, L. Jouvin, M. Makariev, Massimo Persic, P. Peñil, Markus Garczarczyk, Antonio Stamerra, J. Becerra González, F. de Palma, A. Arbet Engels, F. Leone, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, L. Nogués, Juan Abel Barrio, Sebastian Kiehlmann, A. Rugliancich, Marina Manganaro, S. Ansoldi, J. Rico, Anthony C. S. Readhead, M. Palatiello, H. Kubo, M. Karjalainen, Vitaly Neustroev, Laura Maraschi, Pawel Gliwny, Tomohiro Inada, N. Godinović, Giacomo Bonnoli, L. Bellizzi, Narek Sahakyan, M. Vazquez Acosta, Nicola Giglietto, P. G. Prada Moroni, K. Mannheim, M. Takahashi, Luca Tosti, S. Loporchio, D. Dominis Prester, Miguel Nievas-rosillo, Francesco Giordano, U. Barres de Almeida, C. Nigro, Valerio D'Elia, J. Otero-Santos, M. I. Martínez, Francesco Dazzi, Simone Mender, Alessia Spolon, G. Maneva, D. Hadasch, Elina Lindfors, Konstancja Satalecka, Luca Foffano, R. J. García López, Jenni Jormanainen, Michele Doro, A. Hahn, Takeshi Oka, Rumen Bachev, Kyoshi Nishijima, Daniel Mazin, A. Berti, A. Donini, B. Banerjee, T. Schweizer, Kari Nilsson, K. Noda, Armin Nabizadeh, G. Busetto, Shunsuke Sakurai, Daniel Kerszberg, M. Will, S. Gasparyan, A. Lamastra, M. Delfino, P. Munar-Adrover, A. López-Oramas, V. Fallah Ramazani, Carlo Vigorito, L. Saha, M. Mariotti, Walter Max-Moerbeck, N. Torres-Albà, Sarah M. Wagner, David Paneque, A. Biland, F. D' Ammando, Anton Strigachev, J. Besenrieder, M. Hütten, I. Vovk, C. Maggio, Arto Oksanen, L. Pavletić, D. Elsaesser, Matteo Cerruti, S. Fukami, Christian Fruck, U. Colin, David A. Green, D. Lelas, Kazuma Ishio, V. A. Acciari, W. Bhattacharyya, Yosuke Kobayashi, A. Fattorini, R. Reinthal, D. Zarić, Seiya Nozaki, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, Tomislav Terzić, Y. Kajiwara, Julian Sitarek, A. De Angelis, D. Miceli, M. V. Fonseca, W. Rhode, Francesco Longo, S. Lombardi, B. De Lotto, Roberto Carosi, Elisa Prandini, Sofia Ventura, D. Morcuende, N. Talebpour Sheshvan, W. Bednarek, Saša Mićanović, M. Minev, Riccardo Paoletti, M. Teshima, S. M. Colak, Markus Gaug, M. Peresano, Yoshiki Ohtani, Jordi Delgado, J. Kushida, P. Kehusmaa, Oscar Blanch, Ashot Chilingarian, D. Dorner, L. A. Antonelli, L. O. Takalo, V. Moreno, Giacomo D'Amico, S. Cikota, Kevin Schmidt, Y. Suda, Talvikki Hovatta, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Rodrigo Reeves, Eduardo Colombo, Ll. Font, M. Hodges, G. Ferrara, Dario Hrupec, M. A. Lopez, G. Ceribella, J. M. Paredes, Ciro Bigongiari, M. Mallamaci, R. López-Coto, Abelardo Moralejo, E. Moretti, D. Depaoli, Edgar Molina, G. Vanzo, T. Saito, P. Majumdar, Jose Carlos Herrera, F. Wierda, M. Strzys, L. Di Venere, Vincenzo Vitale, Dominik Baack, Jose Miguel Miranda, Tjark Miener, T. Surić, P. Da Vela, M. Ribó, I. Puljak, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Baack, D., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bosnjak, A., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, U., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Do Souto Espineira, E., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Garcia Lopez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinovic, N., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hutten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jouvin, L., Kajiwara, Y., Karjalainen, M., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, M., Lopez-Coto, R., Lopez-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., MacHado De Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Mender, S., Micanovic, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogues, L., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletic, L., Penil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Suric, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Alba, N., Tosti, L., Van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zaric, D., Nievas-Rosillo, M., Arcaro, C., D' Ammando, F., De Palma, F., Hodges, M., Hovatta, T., Kiehlmann, S., Max-Moerbeck, W., Readhead, A. C. S., Reeves, R., Takalo, L., Reinthal, R., Jormanainen, J., Wierda, F., Wagner, S. M., Berdyugin, A., Nabizadeh, A., Talebpour Sheshvan, N., Oksanen, A., Bachev, R., Strigachev, A., Kehusmaa, P., 30588766 - Arcaro, Cornelia, Academy of Finland, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Swiss National Science Foundation, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University

Subjects
galaxies [Gamma rays], Astronomical databases: miscellaneous, BL Lacertae objects: general, Galaxies: Active, Galaxies: jets, Gamma rays: galaxies, Radiation mechanisms: non-Thermal, SHEATH POLARIZATION STRUCTURES, Astrophysics, Parameter space, galaxies: active, galaxies: jets, astronomical databases: miscellaneous, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, gamma rays: galaxies, 01 natural sciences, jet [Galaxies], non-Thermal [Radiation mechanisms], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, LACERTAE OBJECTS, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, TEV BLAZARS, CROSS-CORRELATIONS, galaxie [Gamma rays], 1ES 1959+650, Gamma ray, Active [Galaxies], miscellaneous [Astronomical databases], Spectral energy distribution, Física nuclear, RELATIVISTIC JETS, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, 0103 physical sciences, Very-long-baseline interferometry, Blazar, MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, general [BL Lacertae objects], ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Light curve, Space and Planetary Science, X-RAY, ddc:520, jets [Galaxies], miscellaneou [Astronomical databases], COMPLETE SAMPLE, Free parameter
Abstract

MAGIC Collaboration: et al., [Context]: It has become evident that one-zone synchrotron self-Compton models are not always adequate for very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray-emitting blazars. While two-component models perform better, they are difficult to constrain due to the large number of free parameters., [Aims]: In this work, we make a first attempt at taking into account the observational constraints from very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) data, long-term light curves (radio, optical, and X-rays), and optical polarisation to limit the parameter space for a two-component model and test whether or not it can still reproduce the observed spectral energy distribution (SED) of the blazars., [Methods]: We selected five TeV BL Lac objects based on the availability of VHE gamma-ray and optical polarisation data. We collected constraints for the jet parameters from VLBI observations. We evaluated the contributions of the two components to the optical flux by means of decomposition of long-term radio and optical light curves as well as modelling of the optical polarisation variability of the objects. We selected eight epochs for these five objects based on the variability observed at VHE gamma rays, for which we constructed the SEDs that we then modelled with a two-component model., [Results]: We found parameter sets which can reproduce the broadband SED of the sources in the framework of two-component models considering all available observational constraints from VLBI observations. Moreover, the constraints obtained from the long-term behaviour of the sources in the lower energy bands could be used to determine the region where the emission in each band originates. Finally, we attempt to use optical polarisation data to shed new light on the behaviour of the two components in the optical band. Our observationally constrained two-component model allows explanation of the entire SED from radio to VHE with two co-located emission regions., VFR and EL were supported by Academy of Finland projects 317636 and 320045. We would like to thank the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias for the excellent working conditions at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos in La Palma. The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG; the Italian INFN and INAF; the Swiss National Fund SNF; the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2017-87859-P, FPA2017-85668-P, FPA2017-82729-C6-2-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-6-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-5-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, ESP2017-87055-C2-2-P, FPA2017-90566-REDC); the Indian Department of Atomic Energy; the Japanese ICRR, the University of Tokyo, JSPS, and MEXT; the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-268/16.12.2019 and the Academy of Finland grant nr. 320045 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia “Severo Ochoa” SEV-2016-0588 and SEV2015-0548, the Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu” MDM-2014-0369 and the “la Caixa” Foundation (fellowship LCF/BQ/PI18/11630012), by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO2016/22/M/ST9/00382 and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq and FAPERJ.

Published
2020

8. New Hard-TeV Extreme Blazars Detected with the MAGIC Telescopes*

Author

D. Fidalgo, K. Nishijima, R. Mirzoyan, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, P. Majumdar, P. Temnikov, L. Bellizzi, H. Kubo, M. Vazquez Acosta, M. I. Martínez, B. De Lotto, D. Dominis Prester, S. Paiano, I. Šnidarić, C. Nigro, Y. Iwamura, A. Carosi, Stefano Covino, M. Makariev, Alice Donini, A. Rugliancich, P. Munar-Adrover, G. Vanzo, Satoshi Fukami, John Hoang, Massimo Persic, J. Becerra González, Kazuma Ishio, T. Saito, S. Ansoldi, M. Palatiello, V. Fallah Ramazani, Jordi Delgado, C. Maggio, M. Delfino, S. Gasparyan, Elisa Prandini, Francesco Dazzi, Saverio Lombardi, A. Lamastra, Saša Mićanović, A. Berti, V. Vitale, J. Kushida, Kari Nilsson, Dario Hrupec, D. Lelas, A. Arbet Engels, M. Mallamaci, L. Maraschi, Elisa Bernardini, Fabrizio Tavecchio, P. Peñil, Vitaly Neustroev, Elina Lindfors, Ll. Font, M. Peresano, K. Noda, U. Colin, N. Godinović, Mitsunari Takahashi, E. Molina, David Paneque, A. Biland, W. Bednarek, W. Bhattacharyya, A. Fattorini, Ž. Bošnjak, M. Will, Anne M. Lohfink, A. Somero, Luca Tosti, Antonio Stamerra, P. Da Vela, C. Fruck, F. D'Ammando, D. Guberman, Katsuaki Asano, K. Mannheim, R. Carosi, M. Minev, Francesco Longo, Jose Luis Contreras, M. Teshima, A. Hahn, R. J. García López, G. Maneva, L. Nogués, Susumu Inoue, I. Puljak, M. V. Fonseca, Abelardo Moralejo, Nicola Giglietto, J. van Scherpenberg, Juan Cortina, Ferdinando Giordano, Kevin Schmidt, E. Moretti, D. Miceli, U. Barres de Almeida, Victoria Moreno, Valerio Vagelli, B. Banerjee, Shunsuke Sakurai, A. Babić, F. Di Pierro, D. Hadasch, M. Ribó, Oscar Blanch, T. Schweizer, Serena Loporchio, Marina Manganaro, A. De Angelis, A. Chilingaryan, Dominik Baack, M. Strzys, S. Cikota, Daniel Kerszberg, P. G. Prada Moroni, Chiara Righi, V. D'Elia, Wolfgang Rhode, G. Ceribella, M. López, Konstancja Satalecka, D. Mazin, Michele Doro, C. Arcaro, G. Busetto, Ciro Bigongiari, D. Zarić, Matteo Cerruti, R. López-Coto, Tomohiro Inada, J. Herrera, Léa Jouvin, F. Leone, Julian Sitarek, G. Ferrara, D. Dorner, Louis Antonelli, E. Colombo, D. Morcuende, N. Torres-Albà, M. Garczarczyk, I. Vovk, Dorota Sobczyńska, Victor A. Acciari, Y. Chai, Moritz Hütten, D. Strom, J. Rico, R. Paoletti, J. Besenrieder, David H. Green, T. Surić, M. Gaug, L. Di Venere, G. Bonnoli, D. Elsaesser, D. Ninci, Jose Miguel Miranda, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, Tomislav Terzić, S. M. Colak, Juan Abel Barrio, Narek Sahakyan, A. López-Oramas, Yusuke Suda, Carlo Vigorito, L. Saha, J. M. Paredes, Francesco Tombesi, Seiya Nozaki, Davide Depaoli, L. Foffano, M. Mariotti, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MAGIC, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. A., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., De Almeida, U. B., Barrio, J. A., Gonzalez, J. B., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bosnjak, Z., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingaryan, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, U., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Elia, V., Vela, P. D., Dazzi, F., Angelis, A. D., Lotto, B. D., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Depaoli, D., Pierro, F. D., Venere, L. D., Souto Espieira, E. D., Prester, D. D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. F., Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Lopez, R. J. G., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Godinovic, N., Green, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hutten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jouvin, L., Kerszberg, D., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, M., Lopez-Coto, R., Lopez-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., De Oliveira Fraga, B. M., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Micanovic, S., Miceli, D., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogues, L., Nozaki, S., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Peil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Moroni, P. G. P., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Somero, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Suric, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Alb, N., Tosti, L., Vagelli, V., Scherpenberg, J. V., Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zaric, D., Arcaro, C., Carosi, A., D'Ammando, F., Tombesi, F., Lohfink, A., 30588766 - Arcaro, Cornelia, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), German Research Foundation, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Swiss National Science Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Department of Atomic Energy (India), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Academy of Finland, Croatian Science Foundation, University of Rijeka, Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, and European Commission

Subjects
Non-thermal radiation sources, VHE [gamma ray], Non-thermal radiation source, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Relativistic jet, MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, model: leptonic, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, astro-ph.HE, education.field_of_study, Gamma ray, gamma ray: emission, quality, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, BL Lacertae objects, Física nuclear, Catalog, Astrophysics and Astronomy, astro-ph.GA, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, energy spectrum, FOS: Physical sciences, Proton Synchrotron, magnetization, BL Lacertae object, leptonic [model], blazar, X-ray, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, emission [gamma ray], 0103 physical sciences, synchrotron, education, Blazar, Active galactic nuclei, Gamma-ray sources, X-ray active galactic nuclei, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Spectral density, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Catalogues, proton synchrotron, MAGIC, Synchrotron emission, Blazars, Relativistic jets, Catalogs, Automatic Keywords, gamma ray: VHE, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), ddc:520, spectral, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

Extreme high-frequency-peaked BL Lac objects (EHBLs) are blazars that exhibit extremely energetic synchrotron emission. They also feature nonthermal gamma-ray emission whose peak lies in the very high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) range, and in some sources exceeds 1 TeV: this is the case for hard-TeV EHBLs such as 1ES 0229+200. With the aim of increasing the EHBL population, 10 targets were observed with the MAGIC telescopes from 2010 to 2017, for a total of 265 hr of good-quality data. The data were complemented by coordinated Swift observations. The X-ray data analysis confirms that all but two sources are EHBLs. The sources show only a modest variability and a harder-when-brighter behavior, typical for this class of objects. At VHE gamma-rays, three new sources were detected and a hint of a signal was found for another new source. In each case, the intrinsic spectrum is compatible with the hypothesis of a hard-TeV nature of these EHBLs. The broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of all sources are built and modeled in the framework of a single-zone, purely leptonic model. The VHE gamma-ray-detected sources were also interpreted with a spine-layer model and a proton synchrotron model. The three models provide a good description of the SEDs. However, the resulting parameters differ substantially in the three scenarios, in particular the magnetization parameter. This work presents the first mini catalog of VHE gamma-ray and multiwavelength observations of EHBLs., We would like to thank the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias for the excellent working conditions at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos in La Palma. The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG, the Italian INFN and INAF, the Swiss National Fund SNF, the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2015-69818-P, FPA2012-36668, FPA 2015-68378-P, FPA2017-82729-C6-2-R, FPA2015-69210-C6- 4-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-6-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016- 76012-C3-1-P, ESP2015-71662-C2-2-P, FPA2017-90566-RE DC), the Indian Department of Atomic Energy, the Japanese JSPS and MEXT, the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-153/28.08.2018, and the Academy of Finland grant nr. 320045 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia “Severo Ochoa” SEV-2016-0588 and SEV-2015-0548, and Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu” MDM-2014-0369, by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382, and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq and FAPERJ. E.P. has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska–Curie grant agreement No. 664931. M.C. has received financial support through the Postdoctoral Junior Leader Fellowship Programme from la Caixa Banking Foundation, grant No. LCF/BQ/LI18/11630012.

Published
2020

9. MAGIC very large zenith angle observations of the Crab Nebula up to 100 TeV

Author

David Paneque, A. Biland, T. Schweizer, D. Ninci, Elina Lindfors, J. Besenrieder, D. Guberman, Masahiro Teshima, Chiara Righi, Daniel Mazin, A. De Angelis, J. Becerra González, A. Berti, S. Ansoldi, N. Godinović, S. Fukami, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, L. Bellizzi, Giacomo Bonnoli, D. Dominis Prester, K. Mannheim, N. Torres-Albà, J. Palacio, J. van Scherpenberg, P. Da Vela, A. Babić, D. Elsaesser, M. Ribó, D. Morcuende, P. Peñil, F. Leone, I. Šnidarić, A. Rugliancich, Marina Manganaro, V. Moreno, Dario Hrupec, Antonio Stamerra, P. G. Prada Moroni, G. Ceribella, Massimo Persic, Stefano Covino, Konstancja Satalecka, V. Fallah Ramazani, L. Nogués, P. Majumdar, Jose Carlos Herrera, Michele Doro, M. A. Lopez, G. Maneva, Elisa Prandini, D. Miceli, D. Fidalgo, Julian Sitarek, M. Mariotti, S. Cikota, M. I. Martínez, Razmik Mirzoyan, L. Saha, A. Chilingaryan, W. Rhode, G. Vanzo, M. Strzys, J. M. Paredes, Kyoshi Nishijima, U. Barres de Almeida, U. Colin, David A. Green, D. Hadasch, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, Tomislav Terzić, Ciro Bigongiari, D. Dorner, L. A. Antonelli, Petar Temnikov, M. Mallamaci, M. Minev, W. Bhattacharyya, Christian Fruck, S. Lombardi, D. Zarić, Jordi Delgado, John Hoang, Elisa Bernardini, G. Busetto, Y. Suda, Jose Luis Contreras, Dorota Sobczyńska, C. Maggio, Juan Cortina, R. López-Coto, Saša Mićanović, T. Surić, D. Lelas, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Y. Chai, Seiya Nozaki, S. Gasparyan, A. Lamastra, Eduardo Colombo, Ll. Font, S. M. Colak, D. Strom, J. Kushida, V. Vagelli, M. V. Fonseca, Auni Somero, M. Peresano, Kevin Schmidt, A. Arbet Engels, F. Di Pierro, M. Palatiello, Vitaly Neustroev, Luca Tosti, Juan Abel Barrio, M. Takahashi, I. Puljak, Narek Sahakyan, Carlo Vigorito, Laura Maraschi, Francesco Dazzi, Riccardo Paoletti, Markus Gaug, M. Vazquez Acosta, Nicola Giglietto, Valerio D'Elia, M. Delfino, A. López-Oramas, P. Munar-Adrover, G. Ferrara, Susumu Inoue, Abelardo Moralejo, E. Moretti, D. Depaoli, C. Nigro, V. A. Acciari, M. Makariev, Dominik Baack, R. J. García López, Luca Foffano, Francesco Giordano, Kari Nilsson, J. Rico, H. Kubo, Daniel Kerszberg, M. Will, Ž. Bošnjak, L. Jouvin, S. Loporchio, Simona Paiano, K. Noda, Jose Miguel Miranda, Edgar Molina, T. Saito, L. Di Venere, M. Hütten, B. Banerjee, Shunsuke Sakurai, Vincenzo Vitale, Ievgen Vovk, A. Hahn, Y. Iwamura, Markus Garczarczyk, Kazuma Ishio, B. De Lotto, W. Bednarek, Francesco Longo, Oscar Blanch, A. Fattorini, Roberto Carosi, Tomohiro Inada, A. Donini, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Swiss National Science Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Department of Atomic Energy (India), Ministry of Education, Youth and Science (Bulgaria), Academy of Finland, Universidad de Barcelona, Croatian Science Foundation, University of Rijeka, Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (Brasil), Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Baack, D., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bosnjak, Z., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Chilingaryan, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, U., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Do Souto Espineira, E., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Garcia Lopez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Godinovic, N., Green, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hutten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jouvin, L., Kerszberg, D., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, M., Lopez-Coto, R., Lopez-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Machado De Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Micanovic, S., Miceli, D., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogues, L., Nozaki, S., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Penil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Somero, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Suric, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Alba, N., Tosti, L., Vagelli, V., Van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., and Zaric, D.

Subjects
Gamma rays: general, ISM: supernova remnants, Methods: observational, Astronomy, gamma rays general, methods observational, ISM supernova remnants, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, model [emission], generalI [Gamma rays], Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Raigs gamma, optical, MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Supernoves, supernova remnants [ISM], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, imaging, Supernovae, Gamma rays: generalI, high [energy], Spectral energy distribution, Física nuclear, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, general [Gamma rays], FOS: Physical sciences, SM: supernova remnants, monitoring [atmosphere], emission [gamma ray], 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, observational [Methods], 14. Life underwater, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Cherenkov radiation, Zenith, Computer Science::Information Retrieval, Gamma rays, Astronomy and Astrophysics, calibration, supernova remnants [SM], MAGIC, Cherenkov counter, Crab Nebula, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, spectral, supernova remnant [ISM], Energy (signal processing), Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract

Aims. We measure the Crab Nebula γ-ray spectral energy distribution in the ~100 TeV energy domain and test the validity of existing leptonic emission models at these high energies. Methods. We used the novel very large zenith angle observations with the MAGIC telescope system to increase the collection area above 10 TeV. We also developed an auxiliary procedure of monitoring atmospheric transmission in order to assure proper calibration of the accumulated data. This employs recording optical images of the stellar field next to the source position, which provides a better than 10% accuracy for the transmission measurements. Results. We demonstrate that MAGIC very large zenith angle observations yield a collection area larger than a square kilometer. In only ~ 56 h of observations, we detect the γ-ray emission from the Crab Nebula up to 100 TeV, thus providing the highest energy measurement of this source to date with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes. Comparing accumulated and archival MAGIC and Fermi/LAT data with some of the existing emission models, we find that none of them provides an accurate description of the 1 GeV to 100 TeV γ-ray signal., The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG, the Italian INFN and INAF, the Swiss National Fund SNF, the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2015-69818-P, FPA2012-36668, FPA2015-68378-P, FPA2015-69210-C6-2-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-4-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-6-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, ESP2015-71662-C2-2-P, FPA2017-90566-REDC), the Indian Department of Atomic Energy, the Japanese JSPS and MEXT, the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-153/28.08.2018 and the Academy of Finland grant nr. 320045 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia “Severo Ochoa” SEV-2016-0588 and SEV-2015-0548, and Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu” MDM-2014-0369, by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382 and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq and FAPERJ. This research has made use of the CTA instrument response functions provided by the CTA Consortium and Observatory, see http://www.cta-observatory.org/science/cta-performance/ (version prod3b-v1) for more details.

Published
2020

10. Deep observations of the globular cluster M15 with the MAGIC telescopes

Author

B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, A. Lamastra, Jordi Delgado, P. Giammaria, Razmik Mirzoyan, D. Baack, D. Galindo, Massimo Persic, John Hoang, E. Moretti, J. Palacio, Pablo Peñil, Chiara Righi, A. Hahn, R. J. García López, Kari Nilsson, P. Majumdar, J. M. Paredes, Antonio Stamerra, J. Becerra González, Dorota Sobczyńska, Francesco Longo, Satoshi Masuda, D. Dominis Prester, Adrian Biland, S. Gasparyan, Y. Iwamura, M. Strzys, J. Kushida, S. M. Colak, Abelardo Moralejo, Jose Luis Contreras, Juan Cortina, A. Fernández-Barral, N. Godinović, Takashi Saito, Pierre Colin, Tihomir Surić, Francesco Leone, W. Rhode, M. V. Fonseca, I. Puljak, P G Prada Moroni, N. Sahakyan, W. Bhattacharyya, V. Fallah Ramazani, J. Rico, P. Munar-Adrover, Oscar Blanch, A. Somero, Saverio Lombardi, Louis Antonelli, U. Barres de Almeida, A. Niedzwiecki, D. Fidalgo, M. Will, David H. Green, Edgar Molina, V. D'Elia, E. Colombo, S. Gallozzi, A. De Angelis, G. Vanzo, Petar Temnikov, Koji Noda, Ana Babić, Stefan Cikota, A. Fattorini, D. Ninci, Shimpei Tsujimoto, M. I. Martínez, M. Vazquez Acosta, Stefano Ansoldi, Elisa Bernardini, Masahiro Teshima, M. Peresano, Giovanni Busetto, M. Mallamaci, F. Di Pierro, Lab Saha, B. De Lotto, D. Dorner, Markus Gaug, M. López, Elisa Prandini, A. Arbet Engels, D. Hadasch, Sabrina Einecke, Victoria Moreno, D. Kuveždić, Julian Sitarek, Rodolfo Carosi, D. Lelas, Vitaly Neustroev, Francesco Dazzi, Darko Zarić, Jürgen Besenrieder, K. Mannheim, Juan Abel Barrio, D. Elsaesser, I. Vovk, M. Makariev, Ciro Bigongiari, Aaron Dominguez, M. Nöthe, S. Paiano, B. Banerjee, K. Ishio, C. Nigro, G. Ceribella, G. Pedaletti, W. Bednarek, C. Maggio, G. Maneva, E. Do Souto Espiñera, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Ll. Font, Tomislav Terzić, Susumu Inoue, M. Nievas Rosillo, Dario Hrupec, R. Paoletti, A. López-Oramas, L. Foffano, L. Maraschi, M. Delfino, Marc Ribó, Jose Carlos Herrera, Elina Lindfors, Daniel Mazin, A. Berti, J. R. Garcia, Stefano Covino, M. Minev, Hidetoshi Kubo, G. Bonnoli, T. Schweizer, L. Nogués, M. Mariotti, M. Garczarczyk, V. A. Acciari, J. van Scherpenberg, K. Nishijima, P. Da Vela, Iva Šnidarić, A. Rugliancich, Marina Manganaro, G. Ferrara, D. Paneque, Konstancja Satalecka, Michele Doro, C. Fruck, D. Guberman, N. Torres-Albà, Jose Miguel Miranda, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Baack, D., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Di Pierro, F., Do Souto Espinera, E., Dominguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Fernandez-Barral, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., Gallozzi, S., Garcia Lopez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinovic, N., Green, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Kuvezdic, D., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, M., Lopez-Oramas, A., Machado De Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogues, L., Nothe, M., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Penil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Somero, A., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Suric, T., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Alba, N., Tsujimoto, S., Van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Will, M., and Zaric, D.

Subjects
Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, general [Pulsars], Globular clusters: general, FOS: Physical sciences, astro-ph.HE, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, stars [gamma-rays], Pulsar, Millisecond pulsar, 0103 physical sciences, Gamma-rays: stars, Globular clusters: individual: M15, Pulsars: general, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, star [Gamma-rays], education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, education.field_of_study, individual: M15 [Globular clusters], non-thermal [Radiation mechanisms], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Compton scattering, Stars, Crab Nebula, Globular cluster, ddc:520, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Electrónica, general [Globular clusters], radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, pulsars: general, globular clusters: general, globular clusters: individual: M15, gamma-rays: stars, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Lepton
Abstract

A population of globular clusters (GCs) has been recently established by the Fermi-LAT telescope as a new class of GeV $\gamma$-ray sources. Leptons accelerated to TeV energies, in the inner magnetospheres of MSPs or in their wind regions, should produce $\gamma$-rays through the inverse Compton scattering in the dense radiation field from the huge population of stars. We have conducted deep observations of the globular cluster M15 with the MAGIC telescopes and used 165 hrs in order to search for $\gamma$-ray emission. A strong upper limit on the TeV $\gamma$-ray flux $, Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2019

11. Monte Carlo studies for the optimisation of the Cherenkov Telescope Array layout

Author

Katsuaki Asano, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, M. Cieślar, Nicholas F. H Tothill, Gianpiero Tagliaferri, O. Le Blanc, M. Vazquez Acosta, Nicola Giglietto, S. Mangano, Julien Lefaucheur, Tatsuo Yoshida, D. de Martino, Martin Pohl, A. Shalchi, Y. Renier, B. Biasuzzi, T. B. Humensky, E. Fiandrini, Andreas Quirrenbach, Abelardo Moralejo, Carla Aramo, Vincenzo Rizi, J. Knapp, A. Pagliaro, Andrea Santangelo, Michael Punch, Andreas Specovius, A. M. Lopez, P. Peñil Del Campo, Henry Przybilski, J.-P. Lenain, Agnieszka Slowikowska, Satoshi Fukami, M. H. Grondin, S. Schlenstedt, Marek Nikolajuk, F. Schüssler, Maria Concetta Maccarone, Michael Zacharias, Francesco Giordano, T. Suomijärvi, Lorenzo Amati, J. Becker Tjus, Maxim V. Barkov, H. Prokoph, F.G. Saturni, R. J. White, Nu. Komin, María Isabel Bernardos, M. Orienti, Denis Bastieri, Justin Vandenbroucke, P. Vallania, Diego Falceta-Gonçalves, L. Tibaldo, A. Burtovoi, A. Viana, Takanori Yoshikoshi, Roberto Aloisio, Soebur Razzaque, M. Valentino, P. Da Vela, Pol Bordas, Francesco Longo, N. Otte, V. La Parola, E. O. Angüner, Marco Berton, Elina Lindfors, Salvo Scuderi, Hiroyasu Tajima, M. Prouza, E. Mach, P. Goldoni, C. Alispach, M. I. Martínez, Miroslav Pech, Kai Brügge, G. Vasileiadis, A. Nagai, A. Brill, Dusan Mandat, Geoff Romeo, M. Marculewicz, Cameron B Rulten, Fuyuki Tokanai, Luis Ángel Tejedor, Thomas Lohse, Anderson Caproni, Karol Seweryn, G. Bonnoli, D. Ninci, G. Pareschi, Stefan Kimeswenger, I. Sadeh, Łukasz Stawarz, M. Nöthe, Daniel Mazin, Ruben Alfaro, G. Busetto, Massimo Persic, A. Berti, G. Sironi, Pavel Horvath, Włodek Kluźniak, Pietro Bruno, Petr Travnicek, Daniel Kerszberg, M. Hayashida, Tomasz Szepieniec, A. Rugliancich, Marina Manganaro, Y. Ohtani, Samuel Timothy Spencer, L. Di Venere, S. Karkar, M. Füßling, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, Louis Antonelli, M. Lemoine-Goumard, Benjamin Koch, P.-O. Petrucci, M. de Naurois, Felix Werner, S. Sakurai, J. J. Rodríguez Vázquez, Petr Janecek, L. Dangeon, G. Fontaine, Alison Mitchell, Maria Magdalena González, Francesco Dazzi, Philip Kaaret, Reinaldo Santos-Lima, F. Di Pierro, Tomislav Terzić, Grzegorz Kowal, Stefan Wagner, R. A. Cameron, G. S. Varner, M. Roncadelli, Wystan Benbow, C. Bonavolontà, David Kieda, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, Ullrich Schwanke, Y. Iwamura, K. Sedlaczek, R. C. Shellard, Q. Feng, David A. Williams, A. De Angelis, T. Nagayoshi, P. Sangiorgi, I. A. Minaya, Etienne Lyard, Juan Abel Barrio, B. De Lotto, S. Nozaki, J. Gironnet, L. Mohrmann, Oscar Blanch, Marcello Giroletti, Jean-Luc Meunier, Valentina Fioretti, S. Masuda, V. Vagelli, Rodolfo Canestrari, L. Freixas Coromina, M. Palatka, T. Di Girolamo, Vincenzo Testa, Tsuguya Naito, J. Becerra González, R. Alves Batista, Samo Stanič, S. D. Vergani, Lorenzo Bellizzi, Catherine Boisson, Olivier Hervet, P. Cumani, Konstancja Satalecka, Stefan Funk, Michele Doro, Pedro L. Luque-Escamilla, P. Romano, E. Fedorova, Carlo Vigorito, M. Zavrtanik, Markus Gaug, Stanislav Stefanik, R. J. García López, F. de Palma, V. Beshley, T.R.N. Ekoume, Enrico Congiu, Pierre Brun, Manuela Mallamaci, Barbara Balmaverde, L. Valore, Gino Tosti, Enrico Cascone, Marek Jamrozy, V. I. Zhdanov, Gavin Rowell, Elisabetta Bissaldi, M. Fiori, M. Capalbi, J. Bregeon, Dario Hrupec, F. Toussenel, R. Paoletti, Fulvio Gianotti, Ayan Acharyya, G. Spengler, P. Majumdar, A.A. Zdziarski, A. López-Oramas, M. Mariotti, Juri Poutanen, G. Ferrand, Paweł Świerk, M. Garczarczyk, S. Rainò, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Diego F. Torres, Ciro Bigongiari, Matteo Cerruti, M. Polo, Csaba Balázs, A. Dmytriiev, T. Gasparetto, D. Dorner, A. W. Chen, Elisa Prandini, Vitalii Sliusar, Helene Sol, Rodolfo Carosi, Jonathan Biteau, Vito Conforti, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, Shanta M. Zimmer, J. M. Paredes, S. Vercellone, Jonathan Granot, Alice Donini, Antonio Stamerra, Jaime Rosado, Michael G. Burton, Bohdan Hnatyk, F. D'Ammando, D. Nosek, M. Heller, Gagik Tovmassian, N. Produit, Petr Schovanek, German Martinez, G. Pühlhofer, S. Fegan, A. Kong, G. Morlino, G. Emery, H.-S. Zechlin, Tomasz Bulik, Antonino D'Ai, Riccardo Rando, Rocco Lico, K. Pfrang, D. Hadasch, R. López-Coto, A. Vollhardt, Pankaj Kushwaha, Petar Temnikov, Emmanuel Moulin, Luca Zampieri, Michiko Ohishi, C. Maggio, V. de Souza, Q. Piel, Marc Ribó, Werner Hofmann, A. Wierzcholska, Luisa Arrabito, Gianpaolo Vettolani, J. Pérez-Romero, Paramita Barai, Sylvain Chaty, N. Parmiggiani, V. Vassiliev, K. Nishijima, D. Cauz, S. Caroff, Giuseppe Leto, J.F. Glicenstein, Maria Ionica, Eva Sciacca, A. Bonardi, Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Ramírez, Marcos Santander, H. Siejkowski, Daniela Maria Ribeiro, Ralph Bird, S. Mićanović, D. Zavrtanik, Carole Mundell, Jan Ebr, Koji Noda, Elisa Bernardini, R. Gnatyk, Pierre Jean, M. Nievas Rosillo, M. López, Olga Sergijenko, R. Walter, Oleh Petruk, M. Del Santo, D. Elsasser, Jakub Juryšek, H. Martínez-Huerta, Andreas Zech, Jose J. Gonzalez, Akira Okumura, M. Iori, A. Ghalumyan, Jacco Vink, David Gascon, Jürgen Knödlseder, Daniel Nieto, R. A. Ong, Sabrina Casanova, B. Khélifi, S. Flis, G. Galanti, H. J. Voelk, Jim Hinton, M. Will, David H. Green, Giuseppe Malaguti, B. Rudak, A. Pe'Er, J. L. Dournaux, Andrea Bulgarelli, Frank M. Rieger, A. Djannati-Ataï, F. De Frondat, Lenka Tomankova, Moritz Hütten, Osvaldo Catalano, Hidetoshi Kubo, Tarek M. Hassan, Tomohiro Inada, Farinaldo S. Queiroz, J. Kushida, Daniel Morcuende, Jose Luis Contreras, F. Salesa Greus, Juan Cortina, Andreu Sanuy, S. Vorobiov, G. Maneva, B. Vallage, N. Maxted, N. Renault-Tinacci, P. Munar, M. Seglar-Arroyo, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Z. Ou, Anatolii Zenin, T. Tam, Miroslav Hrabovsky, G. Ambrosi, Giovanni Bonanno, R. Millul, Anastasia Maria Barbano, T. Grabarczyk, J. Zorn, D. Dominis Prester, R. D. Parsons, Luis H. S. Kadowaki, Elena Amato, M. Lallena Arquillo, I. Oya, Jacek Niemiec, Gianluca Giavitto, Marita Krause, Olaf Reimer, Josep Martí, M. Perri, Maria Chernyakova, Takeshi Nakamori, E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, Thomas Murach, P. Cristofari, C. Delgado, Fernando Catalani, G. La Rosa, J. Alfaro, Thomas Armstrong, J. Kocot, Léa Jouvin, Markus Böttcher, Rodrigo Nemmen, J. P. Amans, Utane Sawangwit, Y. Kobayashi, Hidetoshi Sano, D. Jankowsky, Heide Costantini, F. Arqueros, B. Bertucci, Sebastian Diebold, L. P. Taylor, Konstantinos N. Gourgouliatos, A. Fiasson, Miroslav Filipovic, R. Moderski, T. Stolarczyk, B. Patricelli, H. Ashkar, Alessandro Costa, Jonathan Blazek, C. Trichard, M. Vecchi, T. Greenshaw, A. Morselli, V. Vitale, A. M. Brown, S. M. Colak, Lili Yang, C. Díaz, J. Rico, P. Caraveo, S. Loporchio, Orel Gueta, Daniele Gaggero, V. De Caprio, R. Wischnewski, A. Sillanpää, C. J. Todero Peixoto, Takashi Saito, I. Agudo, Yasuo Fukui, Roberto Capuzzo-Dolcetta, F. Cassol, Manuel Meyer, Reiko Orito, G. Umana, M. V. Fonseca, U. Barres de Almeida, Saverio Lombardi, D. della Volpe, Giancarlo Cusumano, M. Ostrowski, T. Montaruli, L. Tosti, Garret Cotter, Konrad Bernlöhr, Reshmi Mukherjee, Fabio Iocco, M. Palatiello, Jonathan S. Lapington, U. Straumann, R. de Cássia dos Anjos, Matteo Balbo, Lab Saha, N. Hiroshima, G. Chiaro, D. Tonev, Ermanno Pietropaolo, Atreyee Sinha, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Acharyya, A., Agudo, I., Anguner, E. O., Alfaro, R., Alfaro, J., Alispach, C., Aloisio, R., Alves Batista, R., Amans, J. -P., Amati, L., Amato, E., Ambrosi, G., Antonelli, L. A., Aramo, C., Armstrong, T., Arqueros, F., Arrabito, L., Asano, K., Ashkar, H., Balazs, C., Balbo, M., Balmaverde, B., Barai, P., Barbano, A., Barkov, M., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Bastieri, D., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Becker Tjus, J., Bellizzi, L., Benbow, W., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M. I., Bernlohr, K., Berti, A., Berton, M., Bertucci, B., Beshley, V., Biasuzzi, B., Bigongiari, C., Bird, R., Bissaldi, E., Biteau, J., Blanch, O., Blazek, J., Boisson, C., Bonanno, G., Bonardi, A., Bonavolonta, C., Bonnoli, G., Bordas, P., Bottcher, M., Bregeon, J., Brill, A., Brown, A. M., Brugge, K., Brun, P., Bruno, P., Bulgarelli, A., Bulik, T., Burton, M., Burtovoi, A., Busetto, G., Cameron, R., Canestrari, R., Capalbi, M., Caproni, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Caraveo, P., Caroff, S., Carosi, R., Casanova, S., Cascone, E., Cassol, F., Catalani, F., Catalano, O., Cauz, D., Cerruti, M., Chaty, S., Chen, A., Chernyakova, M., Chiaro, G., Cieslar, M., Colak, S. M., Conforti, V., Congiu, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Costa, A., Costantini, H., Cotter, G., Cristofari, P., Cumani, P., Cusumano, G., D'Ai, A., D'Ammando, F., Dangeon, L., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caprio, V., de Cassia dos Anjos, R., De Frondat, F., de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M., De Lotto, B., De Martino, D., de Naurois, M., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., de Palma, F., de Souza, V., Del Santo, M., Delgado, C., della Volpe, D., Di Girolamo, T., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Diaz, C., Diebold, S., Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Dournaux, J. -L., Ebr, J., Ekoume, T. R. N., Elsasser, D., Emery, G., Falceta-Goncalves, D., Fedorova, E., Fegan, S., Feng, Q., Ferrand, G., Fiandrini, E., Fiasson, A., Filipovic, M., Fioretti, V., Fiori, M., Flis, S., Fonseca, M. V., Fontaine, G., Freixas Coromina, L., Fukami, S., Fukui, Y., Funk, S., Fussling, M., Gaggero, D., Galanti, G., Garcia Lopez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gascon, D., Gasparetto, T., Gaug, M., Ghalumyan, A., Gianotti, F., Giavitto, G., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Gironnet, J., Glicenstein, J. -F., Gnatyk, R., Goldoni, P., Gonzalez, J. M., Gonzalez, M. M., Gourgouliatos, K. N., Grabarczyk, T., Granot, J., Green, D., Greenshaw, T., Grondin, M. -H., Gueta, O., Hadasch, D., Hassan, T., Hayashida, M., Heller, M., Hervet, O., Hinton, J., Hiroshima, N., Hnatyk, B., Hofmann, W., Horvath, P., Hrabovsky, M., Hrupec, D., Humensky, T. B., Hutten, M., Inada, T., Iocco, F., Ionica, M., Iori, M., Iwamura, Y., Jamrozy, M., Janecek, P., Jankowsky, D., Jean, P., Jouvin, L., Jurysek, J., Kaaret, P., Kadowaki, L. H. S., Karkar, S., Kerszberg, D., Khelifi, B., Kieda, D., Kimeswenger, S., Kluzniak, W., Knapp, J., Knodlseder, J., Kobayashi, Y., Koch, B., Kocot, J., Komin, N., Kong, A., Kowal, G., Krause, M., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Kushwaha, P., La Parola, V., La Rosa, G., Lallena Arquillo, M., Lang, R. G., Lapington, J., Le Blanc, O., Lefaucheur, J., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Leto, G., Lico, R., Lindfors, E., Lohse, T., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, A., Lopez, M., Lopez-Oramas, A., Lopez-Coto, R., Loporchio, S., Luque-Escamilla, P. L., Lyard, E., Maccarone, M. C., Mach, E., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Malaguti, G., Mallamaci, M., Mandat, D., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Marculewicz, M., Mariotti, M., Marti, J., Martinez, M., Martinez, G., Martinez-Huerta, H., Masuda, S., Maxted, N., Mazin, D., Meunier, J. -L., Meyer, M., Micanovic, S., Millul, R., Minaya, I. A., Mitchell, A., Mizuno, T., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montaruli, T., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Morlino, G., Morselli, A., Moulin, E., Mukherjee, R., Munar, P., Mundell, C., Murach, T., Nagai, A., Nagayoshi, T., Naito, T., Nakamori, T., Nemmen, R., Niemiec, J., Nieto, D., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nikolajuk, M., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nosek, D., Nothe, M., Nozaki, S., Ohishi, M., Ohtani, Y., Okumura, A., Ong, R. A., Orienti, M., Orito, R., Ostrowski, M., Otte, N., Ou, Z., Oya, I., Pagliaro, A., Palatiello, M., Palatka, M., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pareschi, G., Parmiggiani, N., Parsons, R. D., Patricelli, B., Pe'Er, A., Pech, M., Penil Del Campo, P., Perez-Romero, J., Perri, M., Persic, M., Petrucci, P. -O., Petruk, O., Pfrang, K., Piel, Q., Pietropaolo, E., Pohl, M., Polo, M., Poutanen, J., Prandini, E., Produit, N., Prokoph, H., Prouza, M., Przybilski, H., Puhlhofer, G., Punch, M., Queiroz, F., Quirrenbach, A., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzaque, S., Reimer, O., Renault-Tinacci, N., Renier, Y., Ribeiro, D., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Rieger, F., Rizi, V., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez-Ramirez, J. C., Rodri-guez Vazquez, J. J., Romano, P., Romeo, G., Roncadelli, M., Rosado, J., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Rugliancich, A., Rulten, C., Sadeh, I., Saha, L., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Salesa Greus, F., Sangiorgi, P., Sano, H., Santander, M., Santangelo, A., Santos-Lima, R., Sanuy, A., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Sawangwit, U., Schlenstedt, S., Schovanek, P., Schussler, F., Schwanke, U., Sciacca, E., Scuderi, S., Sedlaczek, K., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Sergijenko, O., Seweryn, K., Shalchi, A., Shellard, R. C., Siejkowski, H., Sillanpaa, A., Sinha, A., Sironi, G., Sliusar, V., Slowikowska, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Spengler, G., Stamerra, A., Stanic, S., Stawarz, L., Stefanik, S., Stolarczyk, T., Straumann, U., Suomijarvi, T., Swierk, P., Szepieniec, T., Tagliaferri, G., Tajima, H., Tam, T., Tavecchio, F., Taylor, L., Tejedor, L. A., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Testa, V., Tibaldo, L., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tokanai, F., Tomankova, L., Tonev, D., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tosti, L., Tothill, N., Toussenel, F., Tovmassian, G., Travnicek, P., Trichard, C., Umana, G., Vagelli, V., Valentino, M., Vallage, B., Vallania, P., Valore, L., Vandenbroucke, J., Varner, G. S., Vasileiadis, G., Vassiliev, V., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Vercellone, S., Vergani, S., Vettolani, G. P., Viana, A., Vigorito, C. F., Vink, J., Vitale, V., Voelk, H., Vollhardt, A., Vorobiov, S., Wagner, S. J., Walter, R., Werner, F., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Will, M., Williams, D. A., Wischnewski, R., Yang, L., Yoshida, T., Yoshikoshi, T., Zacharias, M., Zampieri, L., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zechlin, H., Zenin, A., Zhdanov, V. I., Zimmer, S., Zorn, J., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Durham University, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, Delegación Coyoacán, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila and Gran Sasso Science Institute, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), PSL Research University, INAF - Osservatorio di astrofisica e scienza dello spazio di Bologna, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, INFN Sezione di Perugia, Universitá degli Studi di Perugia, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, INFN Sezione di Napoli, University of Oxford, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CNRS/IN2P3, University of Tokyo, Monash University, University of Geneva, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, INFN Sezione di Padova and Universitá degli Studi di Padova, Universidad de La Laguna, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, INFN Sezione di Torino, Pidstryhach Institute for Applied Problems in Mechanics and Mathematics NASU, Université Paris-Saclay, University of California, INFN Sezione di Bari and Politecnico di Bari, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Radboud University Nijmegen, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, IEEC-UB, North-West University, Columbia University, TU Dortmund University, University of Warsaw, Armagh Observatory and Planetarium, Stanford University, INAF - Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo, Núcleo de Astrofísica Teórica (NAT/UCS), INAF - Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Milano, INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polish Academy of Sciences, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, INFN Sezione di Trieste and Università degli Studi di Udine, University of the Witwatersrand, Dublin City University, CIEMAT, CPPM, INAF - Istituto di Radioastronomia, Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Université Paris-Saclay), CSIC), Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) Barcelona, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università degli Studi di Bari, Universität Tübingen, Obs de Paris, University of Rijeka, Universität Würzburg, LPNHE, Astronomical Observatory of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Western Sydney University, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Nagoya University, University of Amsterdam, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, INFN Sezione di Trieste and Università degli Studi di Trieste, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Yerevan Physics Institute, Universidad Andrés Bello UNAB, Academic Computer Centre CYFRONET AGH, The Open University of Israel, Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Oliver Lodge Laboratory, UMR 5797, Konan University, KEK (High Energy Accelerator Research Organization), RCPTM, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), INFN Sezione di Roma, Jagiellonian University, Physikalisches Institut, Université Paul Sabatier, University of Iowa, Leopold-Franzens-Universität, Kyoto University, Tokai University, University of Leicester, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), University of Turku, Humboldt University Berlin, Universidad de Jaén, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Physics, University of New South Wales, Universität Zürich, Hiroshima University, INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, INAF - Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (IAPS), University of Bath, Saitama University, Yamanashi-Gakuin University, Yamagata University, Institute of Particle & Nuclear Physics, Tokushima University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, Universität Potsdam, Linnaeus University, Universität Heidelberg, University of Johannesburg, University of Adelaide, Tuscaloosa, National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand, Dept of Physics and Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, University of Nova Gorica, University of Wisconsin, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Ibaraki University, KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Utah, USA, GBR, FRA, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Angüner, E. O., Becerra González, J., Bernlöhr, K., Bonavolontá, C., Böttcher, M., Brügge, K., Cieślar, M., D’Aí, A., D’Ammando, F., de Cássia dos Anjos, R., de Oña Wilhelmi, E., Díaz, C., Djannati-Ataï, A., Elsässer, D., Füßling, M., Garcia López, R. J., González, J. M., González, M. M., Hütten, M., Khélifi, B., Kluźniak, W., Knödlseder, J., López, M., López-Coto, R., Martí, J., Martínez, M., Martínez, G., Martínez-Huerta, H., Nikołajuk, M., Nöthe, M., Pe’Er, A., Peñil Del Campo, P., Pérez-Romero, J., Pühlhofer, G., Rainò, S., Ribó, M., Rodrí-guez Vázquez, J. J., Sillanpää, A., Stanič, S., Stawarz, Ł., Świerk, P., Vázquez Acosta, M., GRAPPA (ITFA, IoP, FNWI), and High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI)

Subjects
Cherenkov Telescope Array, Astronomy, Monte Carlo method, energy resolution, Monte Carlo simulations, Cherenkov telescopes, IACT technique, gamma rays, cosmic rays, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Observatory, law, site, Monte Carlo, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, observatory, Cosmic rays, Gamma rays, Astronomy and Astrophysics, ddc:540, Física nuclear, Monte carlo studies, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, performance, FÍSICA DE ALTA ENERGIA, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, energy dependence, Telescope, Optics, CTA - Abteilung Hofmann, 0103 physical sciences, Cherenkov counter: imaging, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Monte Carlo simulation, Cherenkov radiation, CTA, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, sensitivity, Cosmic ray, Cherenkov telescope, gamma ray: VHE, business, Energy (signal processing), astro-ph.IM
Abstract

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the major next-generation observatory for ground-based very-high-energy gamma-ray astronomy. It will improve the sensitivity of current ground-based instruments by a factor of five to twenty, depending on the energy, greatly improving both their angular and energy resolutions over four decades in energy (from 20 GeV to 300 TeV). This achievement will be possible by using tens of imaging Cherenkov telescopes of three successive sizes. They will be arranged into two arrays, one per hemisphere, located on the La Palma island (Spain) and in Paranal (Chile). We present here the optimised and final telescope arrays for both CTA sites, as well as their foreseen performance, resulting from the analysis of three different large-scale Monte Carlo productions.© 2019, We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the following agencies and organizations: State Committee of Science of Armenia, Armenia; The Australian Research Council, Astronomy Australia Ltd, The University of Adelaide, Australian National University, Monash University, The University of New South Wales, The University of Sydney, Western Sydney University, Australia; Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy, and Innsbruck University, Austria; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovations and Communications (MCTIC), Brasil; Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project D01-153/28.08.2018, Bulgaria; The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canadian Space Agency, Canada; CONICYT-Chile grants PFB-06, FB0821, ACT 1406, FONDECYT-Chile grants 3160153, 3150314, 1150411, 1161463, 1170171, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Vice-Rectory of Research internationalization grant under MINEDUC agreement PUC1566, Chile, Croatian Science Foundation, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Osijek, University of Rijeka, University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Croatia; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, MEYS LM2015046, LTT17006 and EU/MEYS CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001403, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008422, Czech Republic; Ministry of Higher Education and Research, CNRS-INSU and CNRS-IN2P3, CEA-Irfu, ANR, Regional Council Ile-de France, Labex ENIGMASS, OSUG2020, P210 and OCEVU, France; Max Planck Society, BMBF, DESY, Helmholtz Association, Germany; Department of Atomic Energy, Department of Science and Technology, India; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), MIUR, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF-OABRERA) Grant Fondazione Cariplo/Regione Lombardia ID 2014-1980/RST_ERC, Italy; ICRR, University of Tokyo, JSPS, MEXT, Japan; Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA), Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), Netherlands; University of Oslo, Norway; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, DIR/WK/2017/12, the National Centre for Research and Development and the National Science Centre, UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00583, Poland; Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia, grants P1-0031, P1-0385, 10-0033, J1-9146; South African Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation through the South African Gamma-Ray Astronomy Programme, South Africa; MINECO National R+D+I, Severo Ochoa, Maria de Maeztu, CDTI, PAIDI, UJA, FPA2017-90566-REDC, Spain; Swedish Research Council, Royal Physiographic Society of Lund, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, The Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at Lunarc (Lund), Sweden; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Ernest Boninchi Foundation, Switzerland; Durham University, Leverhulme Trust, Liverpool University, University of Leicester, University of Oxford, Royal Society, Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK; U.S. National Science Foundation, U.S.Department of Energy, Argonne National Laboratory, Barnard College, University of California, University of Chicago, Columbia University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics (INPAC-MRPI program), Iowa State University, the Smithsonian Institution, Washington University McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, The University of Wisconsin and the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, USA. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreements no 262053 and no 317446. This project is receiving funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programs under agreement no 676134.

Published
2019

12. Unraveling the Complex Behavior of Mrk 421 with Simultaneous X-Ray and VHE Observations during an Extreme Flaring Activity in 2013 April

Author

Simonetta Puccetti, D. Dominis Prester, M. Makariev, Alice Donini, Sofia O. Kurtanidze, G. Bonnoli, Julian Sitarek, D. Dorner, Yoshiki Ohtani, J. Becerra González, S. Ventura, S. Ansoldi, L. Nogués, J. Besenrieder, A. Rugliancich, P. Munar-Adrover, Jose Luis Contreras, B. Jordan, I. Puljak, Pawel Gliwny, L. V. Larionova, L. Di Venere, Sunay Ibryamov, Abelardo Moralejo, M. I. Martínez, B. De Lotto, Juan Cortina, A. A. Mokrushina, E. Moretti, Kaya Mori, Maria Petropoulou, Elena G. Larionova, J. Rico, Juan Abel Barrio, Narek Sahakyan, A. Fattorini, C. Fruck, F. Del Puppo, F. Verrecchia, Victoria Moreno, Chiara Righi, M. V. Fonseca, Elina Lindfors, Justin D. Finke, D. A. Morozova, V. D'Elia, A. López-Oramas, M. G. Nikolashvili, John Hoang, Susumu Inoue, L. Maraschi, R. Paoletti, R. Reinthal, A. Strigachev, Saverio Lombardi, T. Schweizer, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, Tomislav Terzić, Ferdinando Giordano, Fabrizio Tavecchio, C. Nigro, B. Banerjee, Bernd Schleicher, A. Hahn, R. G. Chanishvili, Francesco Longo, M. Will, Shunsuke Sakurai, Ll. Font, Takeshi Oka, Davide Depaoli, Alan P. Marscher, L. Saha, D. Elsaesser, Antonio Stamerra, R. Carosi, G. Ceribella, Joni Tammi, V. Fallah Ramazani, D. Lelas, T. Guever, M. Teshima, J. M. Paredes, Dorota Sobczyńska, Zeljka Bosnjak, Chakali Eswaraiah, A. C. R. Readhead, G. Busetto, Jorge Otero-Santos, Mislav Baloković, J. L. Richards, R. A. Chigladze, Y. Chai, J. Kushida, Seiya Nozaki, Kari Nilsson, U. Barres de Almeida, L. Foffano, Ciro Bigongiari, Saša Mićanović, V. Vitale, Wen Ping Chen, P. Temnikov, T. Saito, Andrei Berdyugin, David H. Green, D. Strom, F. Di Pierro, E. N. Kopatskaya, Stefano Covino, D. Miceli, S. Gasparyan, D. Blinov, G. Maneva, E. Molina, S. G. Jorstad, T. Surić, M. Mariotti, I. Šnidarić, Satoshi Fukami, H. Kubo, M. Vazquez Acosta, R. López-Coto, Kazuma Ishio, Y. Iwamura, M. Gaug, A. Lamastra, A. C. Sadun, J. Herrera, G. Vanzo, Oscar Blanch, T. S. Grishina, Walter Max-Moerbeck, Anne Lähteenmäki, S. M. Colak, Valeri M. Larionov, C. M. Raiteri, C. Maggio, O. M. Kurtanidze, S. Cikota, D. Ninci, G. Ferrara, A. De Angelis, Rumen Bachev, Yu. V. Troitskaya, M. Minev, Georgi Latev, Elisa Bernardini, Other groups, L. Pavletić, Elisa Prandini, Goran Damljanović, Evgeni Semkov, M. Delfino, Wolfgang Rhode, Yusuke Suda, Massimo Persic, Carlo Vigorito, A. Berti, Paul S. Smith, K. Noda, Dario Hrupec, C. Leto, Victor A. Acciari, K. Nishijima, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, Mitsunari Takahashi, P. Peñil, L. Bellizzi, Serena Loporchio, Jose Miguel Miranda, N. Godinović, M. Strzys, Ashot Chilingarian, N. Giglietto, U. Colin, W. Bednarek, Simone Mender, Moritz Hütten, W. Bhattacharyya, I. Agudo, R. Mirzoyan, Louis Antonelli, Dominik Baack, P. Majumdar, G. M. Madejski, A. Arbet Engels, Vitaly Neustroev, J. W. Moody, Luca Tosti, M. Villata, D. Morcuende, N. Torres-Albà, I. Vovk, Jordi Delgado, H. C. Lin, Kevin Schmidt, Talvikki Hovatta, D. Hadasch, M. Palatiello, Y. Kajiwara, Francesco Dazzi, M. Mallamaci, O. Vince, M. Peresano, Yosuke Kobayashi, P. Da Vela, F. D'Ammando, K. Mannheim, R. J. García López, Ivan S. Troitsky, Tjark Miener, David Paneque, A. Biland, Marina Manganaro, P. G. Prada Moroni, Merja Tornikoski, Matteo Cerruti, M. López, Konstancja Satalecka, D. Mazin, Michele Doro, J. Barnes, F. Leone, M. Ribó, J. van Scherpenberg, A. Babić, Alessia Spolon, Léa Jouvin, Manasvita Joshi, Vassil Verguilov, Daniel Kerszberg, V. Ramakrishnan, D. Zarić, Tomohiro Inada, E. Colombo, M. Perri, M. Garczarczyk, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Swiss National Science Foundation, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Department of Atomic Energy (India), Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministry of Education, Youth and Science (Bulgaria), Academy of Finland, Croatian Science Foundation, University of Rijeka, German Research Foundation, National Centre for Research and Development (Poland), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Department of Energy (US), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Russian Science Foundation, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, John Templeton Foundation, Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Chile), Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Magic, Collaboration, Other Groups And, Collaborator, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. A., Baack, D., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., De Almeida, U. B., Barrio, J. A., Gonzalez, J. B., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L. K., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bosnjak, Z., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, U., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Elia, V., Vela, P. D., Dazzi, F., Angelis, A. D., Lotto, B. D., Puppo, F. D., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Depaoli, D., Pierro, F. D., Venere, L. D., Souto Espiñeira, E. D., Prester, D. D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. F., Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Lopez, R. J. G., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinovic, N., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hutten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jouvin, L., Kajiwara, Y., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, M., Lopez-Coto, R., Lopez-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., De Oliveira Fraga, B. M., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Mender, S., Micanovic, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogues, L., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletic, L., Peñil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Moroni, P. G. P., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Suric, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Alba, N., Tosti, L., Scherpenberg, J. V., Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. V., Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zaric, D., Petropoulou, M., Finke, J., D'Ammando, F., Balokovic, M., Madejski, G., Mori, K., Puccetti, S., Leto, C., Perri, M., Verrecchia, F., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Agudo, I., Bachev, R., Berdyugin, A., Blinov, D. A., Chanishvili, R., Chen, W. P., Chigladze, R., Damljanovic, G., Eswaraiah, C., Grishina, T. S., Ibryamov, S., Jordan, B., Jorstad, S. G., Joshi, M., Kopatskaya, E. N., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kurtanidze, S. O., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Larionov, V. M., Latev, G., Lin, H. C., Marscher, A. P., Mokrushina, A. A., Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Semkov, E., Smith, P. S., Strigachev, A., Troitskaya, Y. V., Troitsky, I. S., Vince, O., Barnes, J., Guver, T., Moody, J. W., Sadun, A. C., Hovatta, T., Richards, J. L., Max-Moerbeck, W., Readhead, A. C. S., Lahteenmaki, A., Tornikoski, M., Tammi, J., Ramakrishnan, V., and Reinthal, R.

Subjects
Individual sources Mrk 421, Flux, Astrophysics, Blazar, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov observations, Gamma-ray, Active galaxie, Relativistic jet, MAGIC (telescope), BL lacertae objects, BL Lacertae objects, Blazars, Active galaxies, Markarian galaxies, Gamma-ray detectors, Gamma-rays, Relativistic jets, High energy astrophysics, Observational astronomy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, astro-ph.HE, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Gamma ray, X-ray, Markarian galaxie, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Individual sources Mrk 421, Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov observations, MAGIC, BL Lacertae objects, Blazars, Active galaxies, Markarian galaxies, Gamma-ray detectors, Gamma-rays, Relativistic jets, High energy astrophysics, Observational astronomy, Plasmoid, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, BL Lacertae object, High energy astrophysic, 0103 physical sciences, Gamma-ray detector, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Magnetic reconnection, Light curve, MAGIC, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We report on a multiband variability and correlation study of the TeV blazar Mrk 421 during an exceptional flaring activity observed from 2013 April 11 to 19. The study uses, among others, data from GLAST-AGILE Support Program (GASP) of the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT), Swift, Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), Fermi Large Area Telescope, Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS), and Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC). The large blazar activity and the 43 hr of simultaneous NuSTAR and MAGIC/VERITAS observations permitted variability studies on 15 minute time bins over three X-ray bands (3-7 keV, 7-30 keV, and 30-80 keV) and three very-high-energy (VHE; >0.1 TeV) gamma-ray bands (0.2-0.4 TeV, 0.4-0.8 TeV, and >0.8 TeV). We detected substantial flux variations on multi-hour and sub-hour timescales in all of the X-ray and VHE gamma-ray bands. The characteristics of the sub-hour flux variations are essentially energy independent, while the multi-hour flux variations can have a strong dependence on the energy of the X-rays and the VHE gamma-rays. The three VHE bands and the three X-ray bands are positively correlated with no time lag, but the strength and characteristics of the correlation change substantially over time and across energy bands. Our findings favor multi-zone scenarios for explaining the achromatic/chromatic variability of the fast/slow components of the light curves, as well as the changes in the flux-flux correlation on day-long timescales. We interpret these results within a magnetic reconnection scenario, where the multi-hour flux variations are dominated by the combined emission from various plasmoids of different sizes and velocities, while the sub-hour flux variations are dominated by the emission from a single small plasmoid moving across the magnetic reconnection layer. © 2020. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved., The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG, the Italian INFN and INAF, the Swiss National Fund SNF, the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2017-87859-P, FPA2017-85668-P, FPA2017-82729-C6-2-R, FPA2017-827 29-C6-6-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-5-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, ESP2017-87055-C2-2-P, and FPA 201790566REDC), the Indian Department of Atomic Energy, the Japanese JSPS and MEXT, the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO-1153/28.08.2018 and the Academy of Finland grant No. 320045 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia "Severo Ochoa" SEV-20160588 and SEV-2015-0548, and Unidad de Excelencia "Maria de Maeztu" MDM-2014-0369, by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382, and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq and FAPERJ. The Fermi-LAT.Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K..A..Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. This work made use of data from the NuSTAR mission, a project led by the California Institute of Technology, managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank the NuSTAR Operations, Software, and Calibration teams for support with the execution and analysis of these observations. This research has made use of the NuSTAR Data Analysis Software (NuSTARDAS) jointly developed by the ASI Science Data Center (ASDC; Italy) and the California Institute of Technology (USA). D.P. and A.B. are grateful to Amy Furniss and Wystan Benbow for providing the VERITAS VHE gamma-ray fluxes and for useful discussions about them. M.P. acknowledges support from the Lyman Jr. Spitzer Postdoctoral Fellowship and NASA Fermi grant No. 80NSSC18K1745., and J.F. is partially supported by NASA under contract S-15633Y. M.B. acknowledges support from NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program (grant NNX14AQ07H) and the black hole Initiative at Harvard University, which is funded in part by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (grant GBMF8273) and in part by the John Templeton Foundation. This research was partially supported by the Bulgarian National Science Fund of the Ministry of Education and Science under grants DN 18-13/2017, DN 18-10/2017, KP06-H28/3 (2018), and KP-06-PN38/1 (2019), as well as for the Spanish MIMECO (AYA2016-80889-P, RYC-2013-14511) and the IAA-CSIC "Severo Ochoa" program SEV2017-0709. The St. Petersburg University team acknowledges support from Russian Science Foundation grant 17-12-01029. The Abastumani team acknowledges financial support of the project FR/638/6-320/12 by the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation under contract 31/77. T.G. acknowledges support from Istanbul University (Project numbers 49429 and 48285), Bilim Akademisi (BAGEP program), and TUBITAK (project numbers 13AT100-431, 13AT100-466, and 13AT60-430). The Boston University effort was supported in part by NASA grants NNX12AO90G and NNX14AQ58G. Data from the Steward Observatory spectropolarimetric monitoring project were used in this paper. This program is supported by Fermi Guest Investigator grants NNX08AW56G, NNX09 AU10G, NNX12AO93G, and NNX15AU81G. The OVRO 40 m monitoring program is supported in part by NASA grants NNX08AW31G and NNX11A043G and NSF grants AST-0808050 and AST-1109911. The Metsahovi team acknowledges the support from the Academy of Finland to our observing projects (numbers 212656, 210338, 121148, and others). W.M. acknowledges support from CONICYT project Basal AFB-170002.

Published
2020

13. The Blazar TXS 0506+056 associated with a high-energy neutrino: insights into extragalactic jets and cosmic-ray acceleration

Author

M. Makariev, John Hoang, J. Besenrieder, J. Rico, W. Rhode, M. Vazquez Acosta, L. Nogués, J. Kushida, Simona Paiano, D. Hadasch, R. Ch. Berse, Jose Luis Contreras, Abelardo Moralejo, E. Moretti, K. Mielke, P. Da Vela, Ievgen Vovk, Francesco Dazzi, A. Fernández-Barral, M. I. Martínez, Juan Cortina, P. Bangale, A. Hahn, W. Bhattacharyya, K. Pfrang, F. Di Pierro, D. Fidalgo, M. Mariotti, K. Nishijima, G. Pedaletti, V. Moreno, G. Vanzo, S. Gallozzi, Sabrina Einecke, K. Mannheim, T. Saito, D. Dorner, C. Maggio, D. Dominis Prester, Stefano Covino, Matteo Cerruti, Marina Manganaro, Juan Abel Barrio, P. G. Prada Moroni, M. Strzys, S. Lombardi, P. Cumani, Konstancja Satalecka, Michele Doro, J. R. Garcia, P. Peñil, M. Minev, D. Lelas, F. Leone, B. De Lotto, Elisa Prandini, Rodolfo Carosi, Dario Hrupec, R. Paoletti, S. M. Colak, C. Arcaro, M. A. Lopez, M. Peresano, G. Ceribella, A. Niedzwiecki, M. V. Fonseca, Tarek M. Hassan, W. Bednarek, Ana Babić, David Paneque, Ciro Bigongiari, Petar Temnikov, Koji Noda, Elisa Bernardini, Stefano Ansoldi, Fabrizio Tavecchio, I. Šnidarić, Eduardo Colombo, Razmik Mirzoyan, Elina Lindfors, Ll. Font, Markus Gaug, D. Guberman, Daniel Mazin, A. Berti, J. Palacio, Christian Fruck, A. Fattorini, Tomislav Terzić, B. Banerjee, Dorota Sobczyńska, J. M. Paredes, Antonio Stamerra, Y. Iwamura, M. Hayashida, P. Giammaria, R. J. García López, Markus Garczarczyk, Francesco Longo, N. Godinović, Lab Saha, Pierre Colin, Kari Nilsson, G. Maneva, V. Fallah Ramazani, Marc Ribó, Massimo Persic, M. Will, Hidetoshi Kubo, Pratik Majumdar, D. Elsaesser, Jose Carlos Herrera, G. Ferrara, G. Bonnoli, Oscar Blanch, Jordi Delgado, M. Delfino, Julian Sitarek, Masahiro Teshima, T. Schweizer, D. Ninci, Chiara Righi, Satoshi Masuda, Arka Chatterjee, Yusuke Konno, I. Puljak, Laura Maraschi, C. Nigro, Darko Zarić, Luca Foffano, Aaron Dominguez, A. Lamastra, J. E. Ward, Shimpei Tsujimoto, A. Rugliancich, Vitaly Neustroev, Susumu Inoue, N. Torres-Albà, Valerio D'Elia, Dominik Baack, Adrian Biland, Jose Miguel Miranda, Tihomir Surić, Louis Antonelli, A. De Angelis, U. Barres de Almeida, M. Nievas Rosillo, K. Ishio, J. Becerra González, Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arcaro, C., Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berse, R. Ch., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Chatterjee, A., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Cumani, P., D'Elia, V., Vela, P. Da, Dazzi, F., Angelis, A. De, Lotto, B. De, Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Pierro, F. Di, Domínguez, A., Prester, D. Domini, Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fattorini, A., Fernández-Barral, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Gallozzi, S., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Mielke, K., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Rosillo, M. Nieva, Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Peñil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Pfrang, K., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albá, N., Tsujimoto, S., Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Zarić, D., Cerruti, Matteo, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MAGIC, and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)

Subjects
neutrino: energy: high, jets [galaxies], Electron, Astrophysics, individual (TXS 0506+056) [BL Lacertae objects], 01 natural sciences, neutrino, Absorption (logic), MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, interaction [electron], cosmic ray, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, photon, neutrinos, 520 Astronomie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften, non-thermal [radiation mechanisms], Neutrino detector, inverse [Compton scattering], electron: interaction, galaxies [gamma rays], acceleration [cosmic radiation], Física nuclear, Neutrino, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, BL Lac object, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, VHE, energy [p], blazar, X-ray, cosmic rays, 0103 physical sciences, gamma rays: galaxies, ddc:530, galaxie [gamma rays], energy: high [neutrino], cosmic radiation: acceleration, Blazar, plasma, BL Lacertae objects: individual, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysic, galaxies: jets, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, 530 Physik, MAGIC, BL Lacertae objects: individual (TXS 0506+056), cosmic rays, galaxies: jets, gamma rays: galaxies, neutrinos, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, BL Lacertae objects: individual (TXS 0506+056), messenger, electromagnetic, Compton scattering: inverse, p: energy, jet [galaxies], gamma ray, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, High Energy Physics::Experiment, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], absorption
Abstract

A neutrino with energy of $\sim$290 TeV, IceCube-170922A, was detected in coincidence with the BL Lac object TXS~0506+056 during enhanced gamma-ray activity, with chance coincidence being rejected at $\sim 3\sigma$ level. We monitored the object in the very-high-energy (VHE) band with the MAGIC telescopes for $\sim$41 hours from 1.3 to 40.4 days after the neutrino detection. Day-timescale variability is clearly resolved. We interpret the quasi-simultaneous neutrino and broadband electromagnetic observations with a novel one-zone lepto-hadronic model, based on interactions of electrons and protons co-accelerated in the jet with external photons originating from a slow-moving plasma sheath surrounding the faster jet spine. We can reproduce the multiwavelength spectra of TXS 0506+056 with neutrino rate and energy compatible with IceCube-170922A, and with plausible values for the jet power of $\sim 10^{45} - 4 \times 10^{46} {\rm erg \ s^{-1}}$. The steep spectrum observed by MAGIC is concordant with internal $\gamma\gamma$ absorption above a few tens of GeV entailed by photohadronic production of a $\sim$290 TeV neutrino, corroborating a genuine connection between the multi-messenger signals. In contrast to previous predictions of predominantly hadronic emission from neutrino sources, the gamma-rays can be mostly ascribed to inverse Compton up-scattering of external photons by accelerated electrons. The X-ray and VHE bands provide crucial constraints on the emission from both accelerated electrons and protons. We infer that the maximum energy of protons in the jet co-moving frame can be in the range $\sim 10^{14}$ to $10^{18}$ eV., Comment: 11 pages, 3 figues, 3 tables, Accepted for publication in ApJL. Major changes in the revised Version: corrected author list

Published
2018

14. Constraining very-high-energy and optical emission from FRB 121102 with the MAGIC telescopes

Author

D. Elsaesser, Satoshi Masuda, Alessandra Lamastra, A. Hahn, Stefano Covino, K. Nishijima, Francesco Longo, Kazumi Kashiyama, Arka Chatterjee, Marc Ribó, Pierre Colin, D. Hadasch, J. Becerra González, Oscar Blanch, Julian Sitarek, P. Bangale, Abelardo Moralejo, Hidetoshi Kubo, W. Bhattacharyya, W. Rhode, J. Kushida, Jose Luis Contreras, J. Rico, P. Giammaria, Laura Spitler, F. Leone, M. Minev, L. Maraschi, E. Colombo, Juan Cortina, I. Puljak, Masahiro Teshima, G. Ferrara, Jordi Delgado, M. Vazquez Acosta, M. López, G. Bonnoli, J. Palacio, T. Schweizer, E. Molina, Victoria Moreno, Chiara Righi, J. M. Paredes, Antonio Stamerra, M. Delfino, Francesco Dazzi, A. Fernández-Barral, Jason W. T. Hessels, N. Torres-Albà, B. Banerjee, C. Arcaro, J. R. Garcia, Darko Zarić, P. Da Vela, Iva Šnidarić, D. Baack, D. Ninci, Jürgen Besenrieder, Alicia Fattorini, D. Dominis Prester, F. Di Pierro, M. Peresano, M. Makariev, A. Arbet Engels, Vitaly Neustroev, Lab Saha, Luca Foffano, Pablo Peñil, R. J. García López, Stefano Gallozzi, Jose Miguel Miranda, A. Somero, V. D'Elia, Aaron Dominguez, A. Niedzwiecki, J. E. Ward, C. Fruck, Ciro Bigongiari, Kari Nilsson, P. Majumdar, C. Nigro, G. Ceribella, Elina Lindfors, Juan Abel Barrio, L. Nogués, D. Dorner, M. Nievas Rosillo, M. Mariotti, S. M. Colak, M. Garczarczyk, D. Guberman, Kohta Murase, A. Rugliancich, Marina Manganaro, V. Fallah Ramazani, C. Maggio, G. Maneva, Daniel Mazin, Tomislav Terzić, Dario Hrupec, R. Paoletti, A. Berti, M. Will, A. López-Oramas, D. Paneque, N. Godinović, B. De Lotto, K. Mannheim, Tarek M. Hassan, W. Bednarek, Andrew Seymour, G. Pedaletti, Shimpei Tsujimoto, P. Cumani, Konstancja Satalecka, Michele Doro, Fabrizio Tavecchio, M. I. Martínez, Massimo Persic, V. A. Acciari, Ll. Font, Razmik Mirzoyan, P G Prada Moroni, Adrian Biland, Louis Antonelli, D. Lelas, G. Vanzo, E. Moretti, Ana Babić, Sabrina Einecke, A. De Angelis, Tihomir Surić, S. Paiano, K. Ishio, Dorota Sobczyńska, Benito Marcote, Stefano Ansoldi, D. Fidalgo, Markus Gaug, M. V. Fonseca, Saverio Lombardi, John Hoang, Takashi Saito, U. Barres de Almeida, Elisa Prandini, Rodolfo Carosi, Susumu Inoue, Daniele Michilli, Y. Iwamura, M. Strzys, D. Kuveždić, I. Vovk, Valentí Bosch-Ramon, Jose Carlos Herrera, Petar Temnikov, Koji Noda, Elisa Bernardini, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Arcaro, C., Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., de Almeida, U. Barre, Barrio, J. A., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Chatterjee, A., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Cumani, P., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Di Pierro, F., Domínguez, A., Prester, D. Domini, Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fattorini, A., Fernández-Barral, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Gallozzi, S., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Kuveždić, D., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., López-Oramas, A., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Rosillo, M. Nieva, Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Peñil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Somero, A., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Tsujimoto, S., Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Zarić, D., Marcote, B., Spitler, L. G., Hessels, J. W. T., Kashiyama, K., Murase, K., Bosch-Ramon, V., Michilli, D., Seymour, A., Universitat de Barcelona, and ITA

Subjects
High energy, Photon, Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Radiació, Raigs gamma, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, methods: data analysis, methods: observational, gamma-rays: general, Methods: observational, Methods: data analysis, 0103 physical sciences, Gamma ray astronomy, Astronomia de raigs gamma, observational [Methods], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Millisecond, general [Gamma-rays], ta115, Radiation, non-thermal [Radiation mechanisms], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma rays, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Galaxy, Redshift, data analysi [Methods], Wavelength, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Gamma-rays: general, ddc:520, Física nuclear, Optical emission spectroscopy, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are bright flashes observed typically at GHz frequencies with millisecond duration, whose origin is likely extragalactic. Their nature remains mysterious, motivating searches for counterparts at other wavelengths. FRB 121102 is so far the only source known to repeatedly emit FRBs and is associated with a host galaxy at redshift $z \simeq 0.193$. We conducted simultaneous observations of FRB 121102 with the Arecibo and MAGIC telescopes during several epochs in 2016--2017. This allowed searches for millisecond-timescale burst emission in very-high-energy (VHE) gamma rays as well as the optical band. While a total of five FRBs were detected during these observations, no VHE emission was detected, neither of a persistent nature nor burst-like associated with the FRBs. The average integral flux upper limits above 100 GeV at 95% confidence level are $6.6 \times 10^{-12}~\mathrm{photons\ cm^{-2}\ s^{-1}}$ (corresponding to luminosity $L_{\rm VHE} \lesssim 10^{45}~\mathrm{erg\ s^{-1}}$) over the entire observation period, and $1.2 \times 10^{-7}~ \mathrm{photons\ cm^{-2}\ s^{-1}}$ ($L_{\rm VHE} \lesssim 10^{49}~\mathrm{erg\ s^{-1}}$) over the total duration of the five FRBs. We constrain the optical U-band flux to be below 8.6 mJy at 5-$\sigma$ level for 1-ms intervals around the FRB arrival times. A bright burst with U-band flux $29~\mathrm{mJy}$ and duration $\sim 12$ ms was detected 4.3 s before the arrival of one FRB. However, the probability of spuriously detecting such a signal within the sampled time space is 1.5% (2.2 $\sigma$, post-trial), i.e. consistent with the expected background. We discuss the implications of the obtained upper limits for constraining FRB models., Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS the 2nd September 2018

Published
2018

15. Search for Very High-energy Emission from the Millisecond Pulsar PSR J0218+4232

Author

V. A. Acciari, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, A. Arbet Engels, M. Artero, K. Asano, D. Baack, A. Babić, A. Baquero, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, I. Batković, J. Becerra González, W. Bednarek, L. Bellizzi, E. Bernardini, M. Bernardos, A. Berti, J. Besenrieder, W. Bhattacharyya, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, O. Blanch, G. Bonnoli, Ž. Bošnjak, G. Busetto, R. Carosi, G. Ceribella, M. Cerruti, Y. Chai, A. Chilingarian, S. Cikota, S. M. Colak, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, G. D’Amico, V. D’Elia, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, M. Delfino, J. Delgado, C. Delgado Mendez, D. Depaoli, F. Di Pierro, L. Di Venere, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, D. Dominis Prester, A. Donini, D. Dorner, M. Doro, D. Elsaesser, V. Fallah Ramazani, A. Fattorini, G. Ferrara, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, C. Fruck, S. Fukami, R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, S. Gasparyan, M. Gaug, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, P. Gliwny, N. Godinović, J. G. Green, D. Green, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, L. Heckmann, J. Herrera, J. Hoang, D. Hrupec, M. Hütten, T. Inada, S. Inoue, K. Ishio, Y. Iwamura, I. Jiménez, J. Jormanainen, L. Jouvin, Y. Kajiwara, M. Karjalainen, D. Kerszberg, Y. Kobayashi, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, A. Lamastra, D. Lelas, F. Leone, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, R. López-Coto, M. López-Moya, A. López-Oramas, S. Loporchio, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, C. Maggio, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, D. Mazin, S. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Mićanović, D. Miceli, T. Miener, M. Minev, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, E. Molina, A. Moralejo, D. Morcuende, V. Moreno, E. Moretti, V. Neustroev, C. Nigro, K. Nilsson, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, S. Nozaki, Y. Ohtani, T. Oka, J. Otero-Santos, S. Paiano, M. Palatiello, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, L. Pavletić, P. Peñil, C. Perennes, M. Persic, P. G. Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, C. Priyadarshi, I. Puljak, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, J. Rico, C. Righi, A. Rugliancich, L. Saha, N. Sahakyan, T. Saito, S. Sakurai, K. Satalecka, F. G. Saturni, B. Schleicher, K. Schmidt, T. Schweizer, J. Sitarek, I. Šnidarić, D. Sobczynska, A. Spolon, A. Stamerra, D. Strom, M. Strzys, Y. Suda, T. Surić, M. Takahashi, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, T. Terzić, M. Teshima, L. Tosti, S. Truzzi, A. Tutone, S. Ubach, J. van Scherpenberg, G. Vanzo, M. Vazquez Acosta, S. Ventura, V. Verguilov, C. F. Vigorito, V. Vitale, I. Vovk, M. Will, C. Wunderlich, D. Zarić, P. A. Caraveo, I. Cognard, L. Guillemot, A. K. Harding, J. Li, B. Limyansky, C. Y. Ng, D. F. Torres, P. M. Saz Parkinson, German Research Foundation, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Swiss National Science Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Department of Atomic Energy (India), University of Tokyo, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Academy of Finland, Generalitat de Catalunya, Croatian Science Foundation, University of Rijeka, Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babic, A., Baquero, A., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Batkovic, I., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bosnjak, Z., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Delgado Mendez, C., Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Do Souto Espieira, E., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Garcia Lopez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinovic, N., Green, J. G., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hutten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jimenez, I., Jormanainen, J., Jouvin, L., Kajiwara, Y., Karjalainen, M., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez-Coto, R., Lopez-Moya, M., Lopez-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Machado De Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Micanovic, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletic, L., Peil, P., Perennes, C., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Suric, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., Van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Zaric, D., Caraveo, P. A., Cognard, I., Guillemot, L., Harding, A. K., Li, J., Limyansky, B., Ng, C. Y., Torres, D. F., and Saz Parkinson, P. M.

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Millisecond pulsars, Pulsars, Binary pulsars, Gamma-ray astronomy, Gamma-ray sources, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Pulsar, Millisecond pulsar, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Binary pulsar, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

Acciari, V. A., et al. (MAGIC Collaboration), PSR J0218+4232 is one of the most energetic millisecond pulsars known and has long been considered as one of the best candidates for very high-energy (VHE; >100 GeV) ?-ray emission. Using 11.5 yr of Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data between 100 MeV and 870 GeV, and ~90 hr of Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) observations in the 20 GeV to 20 TeV range, we searched for the highest energy ?-ray emission from PSR J0218+4232. Based on the analysis of the LAT data, we find evidence for pulsed emission above 25 GeV, but see no evidence for emission above 100 GeV (VHE) with MAGIC. We present the results of searches for ?-ray emission, along with theoretical modeling, to interpret the lack of VHE emission. We conclude that, based on the experimental observations and theoretical modeling, it will remain extremely challenging to detect VHE emission from PSR J0218+4232 with the current generation of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes, and maybe even with future ones, such as the Cherenkov Telescope Array., The financial support of the German BMBF, MPG and HGF; the Italian INFN and INAF; the Swiss National Fund SNF; the ERDF under the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) (FPA2017-87859-P, FPA2017-85668-P, FPA2017-82729-C6-5-R, FPA2017-90566- REDC, PID2019-104114RB-C31, PID2019-104114RB-C32, PID2019-105510GB-C31,PID2019-107847RB-C41, PID2019- 107847RB-C42, PID2019-107988GB-C22); the Indian Department of Atomic Energy; the Japanese ICRR, the University of Tokyo, JSPS, and MEXT; the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-268/16.12.2019 and the Academy of Finland grant No. 320045 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia “Severo Ochoa” SEV-2016-0588 and CEX2019-000920-S, and “María de Maeztu” CEX2019-000918- M, the Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu” MDM-2015- 0509-18-2 and the “la Caixa” Foundation (fellowship LCF/BQ/ PI18/11630012) and by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya; by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02; by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3; the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO2016/22/M/ST9/00382; and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq and FAPERJ.

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