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IN 1932 (1) the writer described a case of diabetes mellitus developing in a lad of 16 years of age with pre-existing Addison's disease. Autopsy revealed atrophy of the cortex of both adrenal glands and of the islets of Langerhans. In the present paper 2 further cases of the coexistence of Addison's disease and diabetes mellitus are recorded, one coming to autopsy; and a resume is given of 15 other cases recorded in the literature, in which autopsies were recorded, and 6 additional cases without autopsies. PHYSIOLOGY Adrenalectomy results in lowering of blood sugar, particularly after starvation, and in the terminal phase death from hypoglycemia. In some species, e.g. marmots, other effects on carbohydrate metabolism are depletion of liver glycogen and to a lesser extent of muscle glycogen, increase of blood lactates and increase in the rate of metabolism of glucose (2, 3, 4). These effects are reversed or prevented by the administration of an adrenalin- free extract of the adrenal cortex, or by any of th...