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Due to factors such as medical resources, public awareness, funding for general screening, or optimized screening models, community-based screening is far from meeting the demand. Artificial intelligence (AI) can replace some of the medical work and combine it with the "Internet+" model to transfer medical resources to improve accessibility and availability. However, the application of AI technology to community-based screening still faces many challenges, such as most AI products cannot be directly applied to community-based screening, the inability to integrate multimodal information such as medical history, symptoms, and images, and the lack of relevant regulations and health policies for productization and implementation. Therefore, we suggest that the relevant departments take actions: (1) to build standardized big data sets, unlock data barriers, and accelerate the development and application of AI technology; (2) to train "AI+" medical staffs as soon as possible; (3) to establish relevant laws and regulations; (4) to establish relevant RD plans and quality standards and regulatory frameworks for AI products; (5) to encourage more investment in medical AI infrastructure in the central and western regions and remote and poor areas.受限于基层眼健康服务资源、群众预防意识、普筛经费、筛查模式等因素，我国社区人群眼病筛查供给远远无法满足需求。人工智能（AI）可替代部分医学工作，结合“互联网+”模式将优势医疗资源下沉，改善眼病筛查供需矛盾。但AI技术应用于社区眼病筛查仍面临诸多挑战，如大部分AI产品无法直接适用于社区筛查，无法对病史、症状、影像等多模态信息进行整合判断，产品化和落地应用仍缺乏相关的法规和卫生政策等。因此建议由相关部门主导，构建标准化大数据集、真正打破数据壁垒，加速AI技术研发和落地应用；尽快培养“AI+”复合型医疗人才；尽快完善相关法律法规，建立健全相关科研发展规划以及相关产品的质量标准和监管框架；并针对需求强烈的中西部地区和边远贫困地区加大医学AI基建投入。.

Background: The experience of application of robotic surgery platform in the management of breast cancer was limited. The preliminary results of robotic surgery (da Vinci) in the management of breast cancer was reported in current study. Methods: Patients with breast cancer received robotic breast surgeries from March 2017 to June 2018 were searched from robotic breast surgery database at Changhua Christian Hospital, Taiwan. Data on clinicopathologic characteristics, type of surgery, complications and recurrence were analyzed to determine the effectiveness and oncologic safety of robotic breast surgery. Patient-reported cosmetic outcome result was also obtained. Results: During the study period, a total of 41 robotic breast surgeries were performed in 35 female breast cancer patients, including 6 patients with bilateral disease. Among these 41 robotic breast procedures, 39 were R-NSM related. Four patients with bilateral R-NSM (two patients with bil. breast cancer, and another two patients received contralateral prophylatic mastectomy (CPM)) without breast reconstruction. The other 31 R-NSM were associated with immediate breast reconstruction (IBR). Two patients received R-NSM and IBR with robotic assisted harvest of latissimus dorsi flap (RAHLDF), and 29 patients received R-NSM and IBR with Gel implant procedures. One patient received robotic assisted quadrantectomy for upper outer located large breast cancer and immediate partial breast reconstruction with RAHLDF. The other patient received endoscopic assisted partial mastectomy for upper inner located multifocal breast cancer and immediate partial breast reconstruction with robotic assisted harvest of omentum flap. Among those patients who received R-NSM, the mean operation time for R-NSM (after set-up of robotic breast surgery system) was 115.6 ± 50 mins, and 70.2 ± 23.2 mins for Gel implant reconstruction. The docking time was quickly dropped from 20 mins to 6-8 mins, and the time needed to complete R-NSM could usually be completed within 100mins after accumulated cases' experience. The mean blood loss was 35 ± 37.2 ml. The positive surgical margin rate for R-NSM was 2.6%(1/39), which was superficial margin involvement, and no further surgery was performed. About 13% patients suffered from transit nipple ischemia change, and no total nipple areolar complex necrosis case was observed. Among those 3 patients who received RAHLDF, it took about 267 mins, 97 mins, and 90 mins to complete the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd RAHLDF, separately. All of them were event free, except seroma formation over the back, which relived after repeat aspiration. No local recurrence, or mortality was found among these 35 patients during mean 8.9 ± 4.2 months follow-up. The patient-reported survey shows that 97%(32/33) of the patients who received robotic breast surgery with breast reconstruction satisfied the cosmetic outcome. Conclusion: From our preliminary experience, robotic breast surgery is a feasible and safe option for some selected indications of breast cancer patients. R-NSM and IBR with Gel implant or RAHLDF were the most frequent performed operations. Bilateral R-NSM could be safely performed in bilateral breast cancer patients or unilateral breast cancer patients combined with CPM. Citation Format: Lai H-W, Chen S-T, Chen D-R, Kuo S-J, Lin S-L. Application of robotic surgery (da Vinci) in the management of breast cancer- Preliminary results and experience sharing [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-14-25.

In daily life, there are often simple but fatal mistakes. Such as when go driving to someplace, after closing the vehicle door with a traditional vehicle key which is so easily damaged, missed, or lost, then becomes a significant issue. To overcome this problem, a modern system in opening vehicle door locks with a face recognition system using a smartphone was introduced. This face recognition software use combined with a D1 mini control system to open the control lock in the smartphone. The research method is principal component analysis (PCA), which is mainly divided into two steps, training, and recognition, respectively. In the research of face recognition, also used PCA to find important parameters, and use the eigenvalues and feature vectors of the oblique variance matrix of face features as value, and use this as a basis for recognition, then face recognition be successful. This research establishes a software and hardware vehicle door verification system. Using the phone to unlock the door, this research uses the vehicle door to display, when face recognition successful, the door lock will be unlocked then the user can open the door. Using the face recognition system to open the door has higher security, and without bringing the key to go out, it is making life more convenient.

To summarizes the intratesticular condition of azoospermia patients, to understand azoospermia more intuitively, and improve the ability of clinical doctors to predict the success rate of microsperm extraction in azoospermia patients.Azoospermia patients (excluding Klinefelter's syndrome) who underwent a micro-TESE during January 2014 and January 2018 in a single center were enrolled. The types of seminiferous tubules were summarized, and the clinical characteristics of different types of seminiferous tubules compared with the success rates of sperm extraction. In this study, 472 cases of non-obstructive azoospermia (excluding Klinefelter's syndrome) were analyzed by SPSS 21.0 software package. Relevant data were expressed by median(minimum,maximum).t-test was used to compare the difference of success rate of sperm extraction between each group and the group with the lowest rate (a type).The 472 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia underwent micro-TESE. The mean age of the patients was 31 (23, 46) years, the mean testicular size was 10 (1, 20) mL, the mean FSH was 15.4 (1.21, 68.4) IU/L, the mean T was 8.34 (0.69, 30.2) nmol/L, and totally 202 patients achieved success in micro-TESE (42.7%, 202/472). According to the seminiferous tubules seen during the operation, they were divided into the following six types: Class a, seminiferous tubules developed well and uniformly; Class b, seminiferous tubules developed well, occasionally slightly thick; Class c, seminiferous tubules were generally thin; Class d, seminiferous tubules basically atrophied, occasionally well-developed seminiferous tubules; Class e, all seminiferous tubules atrophied; Class f, seminiferous tubules were infiltrated by yellow substances. The success rate of micro-TESE varied greatly among different types of the patients. A total of 78 patients with type a were 29 (24, 40) years old, FSH 11.1 (1.21, 15.8) IU/L, T 10.2 (3.29, 26.5) nmol/L), and testicular size 12 (12, 20) mL. The successful rate of sperm extraction was 6.41%; 82 patients with type b were 31 (23, 42) years old, FSH 13.8 (3.23, 19.6) IU/L, T 9.44 (3.58, 30.2) nmol/L), and testicular size 12(8,15) mL. The successful rate of sperm extraction was 74.39%; There were 162 patients in group c, aged 31 (25, 40), FSH 19.6 (9.28, 26.6) IU/L, T 8.75 (5.66, 18.6) nmol/L, and testicular size 8 (5, 12) mL. The successful rate of sperm extraction was 45.06%. There were 36 patients in group d, aged 25 (23,38) years and FSH 28.5 (19.3, 45.6) IU/L, T 6.52 (2.12, 9.83) nmol/L, and testicular size 5 (3, 8) mL, and the success rate of sperm extraction was 94.44%. 26 patients with type e were 28(23, 46) years old, FSH 31.3 (18.5, 68.4) IU/L, T 6.72 (0.69, 18.2) nmol/L, and testicular size 5 (1, 8) mL. The success rate of sperm extraction was 45.38%. 88 patients with type f were 29 (24, 38) years old, FSH 18.5 (5.23, 31.6) IU / L, T 8.32 (3.58, 16.5) nmol/L, and testicular size 12 (6, 20) mL. The success rate of sperm extraction was 28.41%.The success rate of micro-TESE in different types of seminiferous tubules in testis can be helpful to the judgement of the surgeon during the operation.

Changes in functional properties of rice bran proteins as influenced by high-pressure (HP) treatment (100–500 MPa, 10 min) were studied. Properties evaluated were protein solubility, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, foam stability, emulsifying activity, emulsion stability, least gelation concentration, and surface hydrophobicity. HP treatment at 100 and 200 MPa significantly improved the solubility and oil absorption capacity, while water absorption and foaming capacities increased further reaching the maximum at 500 MPa. Compared with the untreated control sample, the emulsifying activity and foam stability of treated samples were significantly higher and least gelation concentration was lower, but none of them showed any specific trend with pressure level. Emulsion stability and surface hydrophobicity increased with the pressure level until 400 MPa and decreased slightly at 500 MPa. Pearson correlation coefficients clearly showed that surface hydrophobicity was positively correlated with water absorption capacity, foaming capacity, emulsifying activity index, and emulsion stability index, but negatively correlated with least gelation concentration. The pressure treated rice bran protein possessed good functional properties for use as a food ingredient in the formulations.

Measurement of corpse temperature is mainly used for estimation of early postmortem interval, and rectal temperature is often used as a representative of body's core temperature in actual work because it is simple, quick and non-invasive. At present, the rectal temperature postmortem interval estimation method internationally accepted and widely used is HENSSGE's nomogram method, while many domestic scholars also deduced their own regression equations through a large number of case data. Estimation of postmortem interval based on rectal temperature still needs further study. The nomogram method needs to be optimized and extended, and quantification of its influencing factors needs to be dealt with more scientifically. There is still a lack of consensus on the probability and duration of the temperature plateau. There is no clear understanding of the probability and extent of the change in initial temperature caused by various causes. New methods and ideas enrich methodological research, but it still lacks systemicity and practicality. This article reviews the researches on estimation of postmortem interval based on rectal temperature in order to summarize the current situation of previous researches and seek new breakthrough points. Because the decline of body temperature can be easily influenced by many factors in vitro and vivo, and the influencing factors in different regions vary greatly, regionalization research and application may be a practical exploration to improve the accuracy of postmortem interval determination.尸体肛温与死亡时间推断.测量尸温主要用于早期死亡时间推断，肛温因其测量简便、快捷及无创常被作为尸体核心温度的代表用于实际检案。目前，HENSSGE列线图法是被普遍接受并广泛运用的肛温推断死亡时间法，国内很多学者也通过大量案例数据推导出各自的回归方程。肛温推断死亡时间还有很多未知领域有待探索，列线图法也有待优化及扩展，其对影响因素的量化有待更科学地处理。平台期的发生概率及持续时长尚缺乏统一认识，各种原因导致初始温度改变的发生率及程度亦无明确认识。新的方法及思路丰富了方法学研究，但尚缺乏系统性及实用性。本文对肛温推断死亡时间的研究进行综述，旨在总结当前研究的现状并寻求突破点。由于尸温的下降易受体内外诸多因素的影响，不同地区的影响因素差异较大，地区化研究及应用也许是提高死亡时间推断精度的实用性探索。.法医病理学；温度；尸体；直肠；死亡时间推断；综述.

Heat collector plates (HCP) are commonly installed above sprinkler heads in large halls with perforated ceilings, such as in high-speed railway terminals. The thermal sensitivity of a pendent type 68 °C liquid-in-bulb sprinkler head operating with and without the HCP was investigated in this paper. Sprinkler heads were first tested in a fire chamber under a common scenario at an early stage of a fire. Air temperatures next to the sprinkler head were measured by thermocouples . It is observed that HCP gives a shorter activation time. Additionally, the standard plunge test in a wind tunnel for evaluating the thermal response of sprinkler heads was also carried out. The wind tunnel was adjusted to give air velocity of 1 ms −1 or 3 ms−1 and temperature at 90 °C. Sprinkler head was put in the work section either in parallel or perpendicular to the air flow direction. However, experimental data show that HCP is not able to shorten the sprinkler head activation time in the standard plunge test. Results suggest that the plunge test is not appropriate for studying the thermal sensitivity of sprinkler heads with HCP. This is because the HCP will change the physical environment assumed in the plunge test.

The titanium dioxide (TiO2) material has attracted great attentions because of its wide application in photocatalyst and optoelectronics devices. The microstructure and photoluminescence behavior of TiO2 thin films are related to the fabrication and annealing methods. In this article, the amorphous titanium oxide thin films were prepared by sol gel process with a mixture of tetraisopropyl orthotitanate, acetonylacetone, distilled water and alcohol at various molar ratios and then spin-coated on the p-Si(1 0 0) substrate. Subsequently, the CO2 laser irradiation at a power of 1.5 W was utilized for annealing treatment to form crystalline rutile TiO2 instead of conventional furnace annealing. The evolution of microstructure, bonding and photoluminescence (PL) of TiO2 films were characterized by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and PL spectrometer. GIXRD showed that the crystalline phase of TiO2 after 1.5 W laser annealing was rutile. The PL spectra of annealed films covered broad wavelengths of 350–800 nm which extends conventional ultraviolet range. They can be deconvoluted into three peaks at about 411, 441 and 534 nm which were attributed to the lattice emission, deep-level emissions from oxygen vacancies and defect states from bonding of extra impurities of Ti, O and C in rutile TiO2 together with residual organics. The relationship between the process parameters, microstructure, bonding and PL behavior were further discussed and established.

Poster presentada en el 50th ERA-EDTA Congress (European Renal Association - European Dialysis Transplant Association), celebrado del 18 al 21 de mayo de 2013 en Estambul (Turquia)

A continuous cell line (KF-101) derived from the caudal fin of the koi carp Cyprinus carpio was established and characterized. The KF-101 cell line multiplied abundantly in Leibovitz's L-15 medium containing 10% foetal bovine serum at 25° C, and was subcultured for >90 passages over a period of 3 years. Immunocytochemistry revealed that the KF-101 cells contain keratin, junction proteins connexin-43 and occludin, and ectodermal stem-cell marker Pax-6, but not vimentin. Furthermore, the KF-101 cells reacted with anti-human DARPP-32 and anti-human GATA-4 antibodies, and the labelling was regulated according to the cell cycle. The labels of the DARPP-32 and GATA-4 antibodies in the KF-101 cells were the suggested phosphatase-1 inhibitor-1 and GATA-3, respectively. In addition, the KF-101 cells were susceptible to koi herpesvirus but were resistant to eel herpesvirus, iridovirus, grouper nodavirus and chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) virus. The results indicate that the KF-101 cells are suitable materials for investigating biological and virological development.

Traditional glass micromachining using laser processing in air would produce many kinds of defects, such as bulges, debris, micro-cracks and scorches. In this article, a poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) protection processing has been presented to reduce the temperature gradient and heat-affected zone (HAZ) to achieve crack-free Pyrex glass machining. A good quality of etched surface which is a clear and much-reduced bulge without crack and scorch is achieved using CO2 laser micromachining at 150 μm thick PDMS protection layer and the laser powers of 10–15 W and scanning speeds of 228–342 mm/s for five passes. The PDMS cover layer benefits feature size and bulge height reduction. The alpha-step measured profile shows that the much reduced bulge height around the rims of channel was about 1.2 μm at 150 μm thick PDMS about 13 times smaller than that in air. The ANSYS software was used to analyze the temperature distribution and thermal stress field of glass micromachining in air without and with PDMS cover layer. The smaller temperature gradient observed in PDMS protection processing has the smaller HAZ and diminishes the crack formation during the laser processing.

Summary Background Whether environmental exposures may modulate the effect of the skin barrier gene on atopic dermatitis (AD) remains to be elucidated. Objectives To determine whether filaggrin (FLG) variants can serve as a predictor for atopic disorders in Chinese individuals and if allergen exposures may modify the effect of FLG variants on AD by total IgE levels. Methods In total, 116 children aged 2–5 years with AD and 212 control subjects were analysed for the FLG variants using DNA sequencing. Multiple logistic regression models were performed to estimate the association among FLG polymorphisms and atopic phenotypes. Serum total IgE level, standing for the degree of allergen exposures, was later stratified to determine the effects of FLG polymorphisms on AD. Results A significant difference in genotype frequency was found among AD cases and controls in FLG P478S polymorphism. FLG P478S GG genotype significantly increased the risk of AD [odds ratio (OR) 4·60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·88–11·24]. In addition, among subjects with AD, GG genotypes also significantly increased the risk of developing asthma (OR 4·68, 95% CI 1·37–16·03). Further, a similar result was obtained for allergic rhinitis (OR 3·23, 95% CI 1·01–10·30). Interestingly, the P478S GG genotype was significantly related to AD (OR 5·67, 95% CI 1·93–16·60) in children with IgE level ≥ 100 kU L−1. However, the association was not evident when IgE level was

Pyrex glass etching using laser ablation is an important technology for the microfluid application to lab-on-a-chip devices but suffers from the formation of surface crack. In this article, the addition of nonionic surfactant to water for glass ablation using water-assisted CO2 laser processing (WACLAP) has been investigated to enhance ablation rate and to eliminate conventional surface defects of cracks in air. WACLAP for Pyrex glass ablation can reduce thermal-stress-induced crack with water cooling and hydrophilic nonionic surfactant to water can enhance ablation performance. Compared to pure water, the 15% weight percent Lauramidopropyl Betaine surfactant solutions for WACLAP can enhance ablation rate from 13.6 to 25 μm/pass of Pyrex glass ablation at a linear laser energy density of 2.11 J/cm, i.e., 24 W power, 114 mm/s scanning speed, and obtain through-wafer etching at 3.16 J/cm for 20 passes without cracks on the surface. Effect of surfactant concentration and linear energy density on WACLAP was also examined. The possible mechanism of surfactant-enhanced phenomenon was discussed by the Newton’s law of viscosity of surfactant solution.

Pyrex glass etching is an important technology for the microfluid application to lab-on-a-chip devices, but suffers from very low etching rate and mask-requiring process in conventional HF/BOE wet or plasma dry etching as well as thermal induced crack surface by CO2 laser processing. In this paper, we applied the liquid-assisted laser processing (LALP) method for linear through-wafer deep etching of Pyrex glass without mask materials to obtain a crackless surface at very fast etching rates up to 25 μm/s for a 20 mm long trench. The effect of laser scanning rate and water depth on the etching of the 500 μm thick Pyrex glass immersed in liquid water was investigated. The smooth surface without cracks can be achieved together with the much reduced height of bulge via an appropriate parameter control. A mechanism of thermal stress reduction in water and shear-force-enhanced debris removal is discussed. The quality improvement of glass etching using LALP is due to the cooling effect of the water to reduce the temperature gradient for a crackless surface and natural convection during etching to carry away the debris for diminishing bulge formation.

Objective: Evaluate long-term safety and efficacy of etanercept treatment in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods: Patients with AS who previously participated in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of etanercept were eligible to enrol in a 168-week open-label extension (OLE). Safety end points included rates of adverse events (AE), serious adverse events (SAE), infections, serious infections and death. Efficacy end points included Assessment in Ankylosing Spondylitis (ASAS20) response, ASAS 5/6 response and partial remission rates. Results: A total of 257 of 277 patients (92%) enrolled in the OLE. After up to 192 weeks of treatment with etanercept, the most common AEs were injection site reactions, headaches and diarrhoea. The exposureadjusted rate of SAEs was 0.08 per patient-year. The rate of infections was 1.1 per patient-year, and the rate for serious infections was 0.02 per patient-year. No deaths were reported. Of patients who received etanercept in both the RCT and OLE and were still in the trial, 71% were ASAS20 responders at week 96, and 81% were responders at week 192. ASAS 5/6 response rates were 61% at week 96 and 60% at week 144, and partial remission response rates were 41% at week 96 and 44% at week 192. Placebo patients who switched to etanercept in the OLE showed similar patterns of efficacy maintenance. Conclusions: Etanercept was well tolerated for up to 192 weeks in patients with AS, with no unexpected AEs or SAEs observed. No deaths were reported. Improvements in the signs and symptoms of AS were maintained for up to 192 weeks.

Electric field gradient focusing (EFGF) uses a hydrodynamic flow and an electric field gradient to focus proteins in order of electrophoretic mobility. In this paper, we describe several bioanalytical applications using voltage-controlled hollow dialysis fiber-based EFGF with online UV detection. Using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein, a concentration factor as high as 15,000 and a concentration limit of detection as low as 30 pM were achieved. We also demonstrate the potential of using fiber-based EFGF for protein quantitative analysis. Simultaneous desalting and protein concentration were performed by mixing BSA with 2 M NaCl in a cell culture medium. Online concentration of ferritin and simultaneous removal of albumin from a sample matrix were performed using this EFGF system.

Single crystals of Ge(Se1−xSx)2 with x=0x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 were grown by vertical Bridgman method. The crystalline phase and stochiometry of the layered crystals were investigated by X-ray, SEM and EPMA techniques. The energy band gaps of the whole series crystals were examined by thermoreflectance (TR) and transmission measurements. Compositional dependences of the band gap and broadening parameter for Ge(Se1−xSx)2 were evaluated. The relationship for the composition-dependent direct band gaps of Ge(Se1−xSx)2 is determined to be Eg(x)=(2.43±0.03)+(0.38±0.02) x+(0.26±0.02) x2eV.

Summary Objectives: This study was to investigate the influence of stepping styles (forward, side, and cross steppings) and inclinations (25 and 45 degrees) on cardiorespiratory responses (C-R responses). Methods: Twenty volunteers were recruited and randomly arranged into two ten-people groups, exercising on step-climbing machines respectively of 25 and 45 degrees of inclination. C-R responses were recorded during each test which lasted for six minutes at 50 steps per minute on a step-climbing machine. Results: The group on 25-degree inclination had significantly lower C-R responses than the group on 45-degree inclination. Although only small differences, probably statistically insignificant, were found among the three step-climbing styles, these differences showed interesting trends independent of inclination. Conclusions: Climbing stairs with the three interesting step-climbing styles in this study could be considered as an exercise of moderate intensity (60-80% HRmax). Climbing on 25-degree inclination at 50 steps per minute is recommended for less fit individuals because of lower cardiovascular stress as compared with on 45-degree inclination.

As a target is immersed in the rain medium, its detection and identification become difficult due to that scattering wave from the target is mixed with echoes from raindrops. These clutters induce a strong effect in millimeter wave band and the signal-versus-clutter ratio (SCR) is therefore deteriorated at the receiving terminal. In this paper, Lagrange multiplier method combined with iteration method is proposed to calculate the optimal polarization characteristics both for the transmitting and receiving antennas of radar to improve SCR for the coated target in rain medium. As an application for the method, polarization status of antennas with best SCR both for co-polarization channel and cross-polarization channel are obtained utilizing the rain statistic data of Xi'an, China. This hybrid method for calculating polarization parameters has applications in self-adaptive polarization matching of antenna in the electrical system.

Calibre rolling is a complex 3D boundary problem. Several analytical methods were applied to analyse this topic and some progress was achieved. However, it was difficult to include both analytical precision and CPU time saving in the calibre rolling analysis. In this paper, the simplicity of the 3D slab method and the precision of 3D rigid-plastic finite element method were combined to develop a complex analytical model. This model can rapidly simulate calibre rolling and the results obtained match well with the experimental ones. A complex analytical model can be used for discussing the influence of each process parameter on calibre rolling, which can assist the efficient process design of calibre rolling and find the optimal combination of each process parameter.

The effect of different dietary structural carbohydrate (SC) to nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) ratios on fiber degradation, digestion, flow, apparent digestibility and rumen fluid characteristics was studied with a design using 18 wethers fitted with permanent rumen and duodenum cannulae. All sheep were divided into six groups randomly, receiving six diets with varying SC to NSC ratios. All diets contained the same proportion of wheat straw and concentrate. The dietary SC to NSC ratios were adjusted by adding cornstarch to the concentrate supplements. The duodenal and fecal flows of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose (HC) and cellulose (CEL) were estimated using chromium-mordanted wheat straw as a flow marker. The degradation parameters of wheat straw DM, NDF, ADF, HC and CEL were determined by incubating the ground wheat straw in nylon bags in the rumen for different periods of time. There was no effect (p>0.05) of the different dietary SC to NSC ratios on rumen pH or NH3-N, but acetate, propionate and butyrate concentrations were significantly affected (p

Attenuated strains of Salmonella typhimurium, VNP20009 and YS7212, when injected systemically to tumor-bearing mice, accumulated preferentially in tumors at levels at least 200-fold and, more commonly, 1000-fold greater than in other normal tissues. This selectivity occurred in subcutaneously implanted murine tumors, including B16F10 melanoma, M27 lung carcinoma, and colon 38 carcinoma. The preferential accumulation was also manifested in animals bearing human tumor xenografts, including Lox, C8186, DLD1, SW620, HCT116, HTB177, DU145, MDA-MB-231, and Caki. Four to five days after a single IV injection of 1 x 10(6) colony-forming unit (cfu)/mouse, we routinely detected VNP20009 proliferation and accumulation at levels ranging from 1 x 10(8) to 2 x 10(9) cfu/g tumor. The amount of VNP20009 accumulated in the liver ranged from 3 x 10(4) to 2 x 10(6) cfu/g. The distribution of Salmonella in tumors was homogenous; YS7212 could be detected from the periphery to the interior portion of the tumors. Using mice with various immunodeficiencies, we also discovered the same preferential accumulation of Salmonella in tumors implanted in these mice. The use of Salmonella as a protein delivery vector was shown by IV administration of the bacteria expressing either green fluorescent protein (GFP) or cytosine deaminase (CD) into tumor-bearing mice. GFP and CD were detected in tumors, but not in livers, taken from mice inoculated with Salmonella carrying these genes. Bacteria accumulation and CD expression persisted in the tumors for up to 14 days after a single bolus IV administration of bacteria to tumor-bearing mice.

Systemically administered tumor-targeted Salmonella has been developed as an anticancer agent, although its use could be limited by the potential induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)-mediated septic shock stimulated by lipid A. Genetic modifications of tumor-targeting Salmonella that alter lipid A and increase safety must, however, retain the useful properties of this bacteria. We report here that disruption of the Salmonella msbB gene reduces TNFalpha induction and increases the LD50 of this pathogenic bacteria by 10,000-fold. Notwithstanding this enormous difference, Salmonella retains its tumor-targeting properties, exhibiting tumor accumulation ratios in excess of 1000:1 compared with normal tissues. Administration of this bacteria to mice bearing melanoma results in tumors that are less than 6% the size of tumors in untreated controls at day 18. Thus, the antitumor activity previously demonstrated using tumor-targeting Salmonella with normal lipid A is retained. Lipid modification of tumor-specific bacterial vectors provides a means for reducing septic shock and further suggests that the antitumor activity of these bacteria may be independent of TNFalpha.

We present a case of intracranial parenchymal leiomyoma in a 20-year-old woman with a chief complaint of numbness and a painful sensation over the right limbs for several years. CT and MRI revealed an intensely enhancing calcified mass. The patient was well, without recurrence, 2 years after surgery.

Layerwise manufacturing technology exhibits a high potential in the field of rapid manufacturing, due to its capability to directly build up three-dimensional metallic components. In this research, we established a layerwise manufacturing platform having YLR 500 AC fiber laser and an enclosed chamber vacuumed and infused trace argon gas to minimize oxidation powdered material. From relationship of laser power and scanning speed can observe the variation of weld width. It assists to find the suitable laser parameters for laser additive manufacturing at blue region. The morphology of titanium specimen was analyzed by SEM image examined, and some porous structure formed due to the surface tension and oxide effect. The result of mechanical strength of 366.16 MPa was proved to be smaller than common bulk material. The X-ray diffraction patterns of titanium specimen has higher crystallization from R(110), R(101) and R(200). We have successfully fabrication a three-dimensional object and analysis its material properties.

In this paper we obtain the closed classical orbits of the detached electron from ${\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ in electric and magnetic fields with any orientation that lies in three-dimensional space. Using closed-orbit theory, we calculated the photodetachment cross section of ${\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$, which shows oscillations. These oscillations are correlated with three-dimensional closed orbits. Finally, we discuss the similarities and differences between the case of \ensuremath{\alpha}=\ensuremath{\pi}/2 and \ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\ne}\ensuremath{\pi}/2 (\ensuremath{\alpha} is the angle between the electric and magnetic fields). \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

Sphenoid sinus mucocoele presenting with optic neuropathy and abducens palsy: a late complication of radiotherapy to the head and neck