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17 results on '"S. L. Holm"'

1. HEIMDAL: A thermal neutron powder diffractometer with high and flexible resolution combined with SANS and neutron imaging – Designed for materials science studies at the European Spallation Source

Author

Jürg Schefer, S. L. Holm, Kim Lefmann, Paul F. Henry, Mads F. Bertelsen, and Mogens Christensen

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, business.industry, Neutron imaging, Neutron scattering, 01 natural sciences, Small-angle neutron scattering, Neutron temperature, Optics, Neutron flux, Powder Diffractometer, 0103 physical sciences, Spallation, 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation, Powder diffraction
Abstract

HEIMDAL will be a multi length scale neutron scattering instrument for the study of structures covering almost nine orders of magnitude from 0.01 nm to 50 mm. The instrument is accepted for construction at the European Spallation Source (ESS) and features a variable resolution thermal neutron powder diffractometer (TNPD), combined with small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and neutron imaging (NI). The instrument uses a novel combination of a cold and a thermal guide to fulfill the diverse requirements for diffraction and SANS. With an instrument length of 170 m, HEIMDAL will take advantage of the high neutron flux of the long pulse at ESS, whilst maintaining a high q-resolution due to the long flight path. The q-range coverage is up to 20 A−1 allowing low-resolution PDF analysis. With the addition of SANS, HEIMDAL will be able to cover a uniquely broad length scale within a single instrumental set-up. HEIMDAL will be able to accommodate modern materials research in a broad variety of fields, and the task of the instrument will be to study advanced functional materials in action, as in situ and in operandi at multiple length scales (0.01–100 nm) quasi simultaneously. The instrument combines state-of-the-art neutron scattering techniques (TNPD, SANS, and NI) with the goal of studying real materials, in real time, under real conditions. This article describes the instrument design ideas, calculations and results of simulations and virtual experiments.

Published
2016
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2. Nematicity and Charge Order in Superoxygenated La2−xSrxCuO4+y

Author

B. O. Wells, Z. H. Zhu, J. I. Budnick, Linda Udby, F. C. Chou, Ronny Sutarto, William A. Hines, Feizhou He, Zhiwei Zhang, and S. L. Holm

Subjects
Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Scattering, Doping, General Physics and Astronomy, Order (ring theory), Charge (physics), 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Tilt (optics), Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Orthorhombic crystal system, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

In this Letter, we report a resonant x-ray scattering measurement of stripelike charge order in the 1/8th doped component of electronically phase-separated, orthorhombic ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4+y}$. This observation is coupled to the absence of any resonant (001) peak, which at different resonant energies has been identified with the presence of low-temperature-tetragonal-like structural tilt patterns or nematicity in the CuO planes. Thus, we provide evidence that structural pinning is not necessary for the formation of static charge stripes and that the relationship between charge nematicity and stripes may not be simple.

Published
2018
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3. Nematicity and Charge Order in Superoxygenated La_{2-x}Sr_{x}CuO_{4+y}

Author

Zhiwei, Zhang, R, Sutarto, F, He, F C, Chou, L, Udby, S L, Holm, Z H, Zhu, W A, Hines, J I, Budnick, and B O, Wells

Abstract

In this Letter, we report a resonant x-ray scattering measurement of stripelike charge order in the 1/8th doped component of electronically phase-separated, orthorhombic La_{2}CuO_{4+y}. This observation is coupled to the absence of any resonant (001) peak, which at different resonant energies has been identified with the presence of low-temperature-tetragonal-like structural tilt patterns or nematicity in the CuO planes. Thus, we provide evidence that structural pinning is not necessary for the formation of static charge stripes and that the relationship between charge nematicity and stripes may not be simple.

Published
2018

4. 24-spin clusters in the mineral boleite KPb26Ag9Cu24Cl62(OH)48

Author

Martin Boehm, Marisa Medarde, Stéphane Rols, Henrik M. Rønnow, S. L. Holm, Jürg Schefer, K. Lefmann, U. B. Hansen, Andrea Piovano, P. Babkevich, E. S. Dreier, Nicola Casati, Gøran J. Nilsen, M. Ruminy, Tom Fennell, K. Lønbæk, M. Skoulatos, and Ivica Živković

Subjects
Physics, Boleite, Mineral, Chemical physics, 0103 physical sciences, engineering, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, 01 natural sciences, Spin-½
Published
2018
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5. Neutron guide-split: A high performance guide bundle concept for elliptical guides

Author

Nina Rasmussen, Louise Høpfner, Ken Haste Andersen, Jörg Voigt, Mads F. Bertelsen, S. L. Holm, and Kim Lefmann

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, business.industry, Neutron temperature, Optics, Bundle, Phase space, Neutron, Ray tracing (graphics), Spallation, business, Instrumentation, Beam (structure), Diffractometer
Abstract

We present a new guide-split concept for transporting cold and thermal neutrons to multiple instruments from a single beam port at a neutron facility without compromising the useful neutron brilliance notably for any of the instruments. Elliptical guides are capable of transporting an almost completely filled phase space within a large divergence (+/- 2 degrees for cold neutrons). It is therefore possible to place several secondary guides side by side pointing in slightly different directions using the end of a primary guide as a virtual source. The instruments placed at the secondary guides hence exploit different parts of the phase space transported by the primary guide. In addition, the resulting kink between the primary and secondary guide eliminates line of sight. Using ray-tracing simulations of three different set-ups (with two, four, and eight secondary guides) we show that it is possible to illuminate at least eight sample positions from one beam port with a brilliance transfer above 90% on each sample on a 150 m long instrument. This has been clone for a phase space volume comprised of an area of 1 x 1 cm(2) and a maximum divergence of +/- 0.5 degrees within a wavelength band of 425-5.75 angstrom. We show, by a full virtual experiment, an example of applying the guide-split concept to an instrument proposed for the European Spallation Source, namely a magnetism diffractometer. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved, (Less)

Published
2015
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6. Spin excitations and quantum criticality in the quasi-one-dimensional Ising-like ferromagnet CoCl2·2D2O in a transverse field

Author

T. K. Schäffer, Rasmus Toft-Petersen, Jan H. Jensen, Jacob Larsen, Georg Ehlers, J.W. Taylor, S. L. Holm, Niels Bech Christensen, Sonja Rosenlund Ahl, Kim Lefmann, Henrik M. Rønnow, and U. B. Hansen

Subjects
Physics, Quantum phase transition, Condensed matter physics, Order (ring theory), 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Inelastic neutron scattering, Spin wave, 0103 physical sciences, Ising model, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Critical exponent, Critical field, Spin-½
Abstract

We present experimental evidence for a quantum phase transition in the easy-axis $S=3/2$ anisotropic quasi-one-dimensional ferromagnet ${\mathrm{CoCl}}_{2}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}2{\mathrm{D}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ in a transverse field. Elastic neutron scattering shows that the magnetic order parameter vanishes at a transverse critical field ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}{H}_{c}=16.05$(4) T, while inelastic neutron scattering shows that the gap in the magnetic excitation spectrum vanishes at the same field value, and reopens for $Hg{H}_{c}$. The field dependence of the order parameter and the gap are well described by critical exponents $\ensuremath{\beta}=0.45\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.09$ and $z\ensuremath{\nu}$ close to $1/2$, implying that the quantum phase transition in ${\mathrm{CoCl}}_{2}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}2{\mathrm{D}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ differs significantly from the textbook version of a $S=1/2$ Ising chain in a transverse field. We attribute the difference to weak but finite three-dimensionality of the magnetic interactions.

Published
2017
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7. Magnetic order, hysteresis, and phase coexistence in magnetoelectric LiCoPO 4

Author

Ellen Fogh, Eric Ressouche, Steffen Sloth, S. L. Holm, Frederik Werner Isaksen, Niels Bech Christensen, Oleksandr Prokhnenko, Christof Niedermayer, Maciej Bartkowiak, Rasmus Toft-Petersen, David Vaknin, Department of Physics [Lyngby], Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Magnétisme et Diffusion Neutronique (MDN), Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux (MEM), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LNS), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), Ames Laboratory [Ames, USA], Iowa State University (ISU)-U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Ames, Iowa], Iowa State University (ISU), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)

Subjects
Physics, Condensed matter physics, Magnetic structure, Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), Magnetoelectric effect, FOS: Physical sciences, Large scale facilities for research with photons neutrons and ions, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Magnetic field, Polarization density, Magnetization, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Ferromagnetism, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Antiferromagnetism, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Saturation (magnetic)
Abstract

The magnetic phase diagram of magnetoelectric LiCoPO4 is established using neutron diffraction and magnetometry in fields up to 25.9 T applied along the crystallographic b axis. For fields greater than 11.9 T, the magnetic unit cell triples in size with propagation vector Q = (0, 1/3,0). A magnetized elliptic cycloid is formed with spins in the (b, c) plane and the major axis oriented along b. Such a structure allows for the magnetoelectric effect with an electric polarization along c induced by magnetic fields applied along b. Intriguingly, additional ordering vectors Q ≈ to (0, 1/4,0) and Q ≈ to (0, 1/2,0) appear for increasing fields in the hysteresis region below the transition field. Traces of this behavior are also observed in the magnetization. A simple model based on a mean-field approach is proposed to explain these additional ordering vectors. In the field interval 20.5-21.0 T, the propagation vector Q = (0, 1/3,0) remains but the spins orient differently compared to the cycloid phase. Above 21.0 T and up until saturation, a commensurate magnetic structure exists with a ferromagnetic component along b and an antiferromagnetic component along c.

Published
2017
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8. Magnetic ground state and magnon-phonon interaction in multiferroic h-YMnO$_3$

Author

Uwe Stuhr, Mads F. Bertelsen, Ch. Niedermayer, U. B. Hansen, Andreas Kreisel, Z. Yamani, Pascale P. Deen, Maria Retuerto, A. Bakke, T. K. Schäffer, Kim Lefmann, A. Fennell, Dharmalingam Prabhakaran, Jacob Larsen, Brian M. Andersen, S. L. Holm, and J. O. Birk

Subjects
Physics, Condensed matter physics, Spins, Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), Phonon, Heisenberg model, Magnon, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Inelastic neutron scattering, Magnetic field, Brillouin zone, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, 0103 physical sciences, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Ground state
Abstract

Inelastic neutron scattering has been used to study the magneto-elastic excitations in the multiferroic manganite hexagonal YMnO$_3$. An avoided crossing is found between magnon and phonon modes close to the Brillouin zone boundary in the $(a,b)$-plane. Neutron polarization analysis reveals that this mode has mixed magnon-phonon character. An external magnetic field along the $c$-axis is observed to cause a linear field-induced splitting of one of the spin wave branches. A theoretical description is performed, using a Heisenberg model of localized spins, acoustic phonon modes and a magneto-elastic coupling via the single-ion magnetostriction. The model quantitatively reproduces the dispersion and intensities of all modes in the full Brillouin zone, describes the observed magnon-phonon hybridized modes, and quantifies the magneto-elastic coupling. The combined information, including the field-induced magnon splitting, allows us to exclude several of the earlier proposed models and point to the correct magnetic ground state symmetry, and provides an effective dynamic model relevant for the multiferroic hexagonal manganites., Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures

Published
2017
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9. Field-induced interplanar magnetic correlations in the high-temperature superconductorLa1.88Sr0.12CuO4

Author

Masayuki Ido, Linda Udby, Kim Lefmann, Astrid Schneidewind, Niels Bech Christensen, Rasmus Toft-Petersen, S. L. Holm, Mads F. Bertelsen, Brian M. Andersen, M. Skoulatos, Naoki Momono, Mark Laver, Migaku Oda, Henrik Jacobsen, A. T. Rømer, Pia Søe Jensen, and P. Link

Subjects
Physics, Superconductivity, Magnetization, Paramagnetism, Magnetic moment, Field (physics), Condensed matter physics, Scattering, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Neutron scattering, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Magnetic field
Abstract

We present neutron scattering studies of the inter-planar correlations in the high-temperature superconductor La1.88Sr0.12CuO4 (T_c=27 K). The correlations are studied both in a magnetic field applied perpendicular to the CuO2 planes, and in zero field under different cooling conditions. We find that the effect of the magnetic field is to increase the magnetic scattering signal at all values of the out-of-plane wave vector L, indicating an overall increase of the magnetic moments. In addition, weak correlations between the copper oxide planes develop in the presence of a magnetic field. This effect is not taken into account in previous reports on the field effect of magnetic scattering, since usually only L~0 is probed. Interestingly, the results of quench-cooling the sample are similar to those obtained by applying a magnetic field. Finally, a small variation of the incommensurate peak position as a function of L provides evidence that the incommensurate signal is twinned with the dominating and sub-dominant twin displaying peaks at even or odd L, respectively.

Published
2015
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10. Competing superconducting and magnetic order parameters and field-induced magnetism in electron-dopedBa(Fe1−xCox)2As2

Author

B. Mencia Uranga, G. Stieber, Christian Bernhard, T. Wolf, S. L. Holm, Christof Niedermayer, Brian M. Andersen, Jacob Larsen, and Kim Lefmann

Subjects
Elastic scattering, Physics, Superconductivity, Condensed matter physics, Magnetism, Scattering, Muon spin spectroscopy, Neutron scattering, Condensed Matter Physics, 7. Clean energy, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Magnetic field, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Antiferromagnetism
Abstract

We have studied the magnetic and superconducting properties of Ba(Fe$_{0.95}$Co$_{0.05}$)$_{2}$As$_{2}$ as a function of temperature and external magnetic field using neutron scattering and muon spin rotation. Below the superconducting transition temperature the magnetic and superconducting order parameters coexist and compete. A magnetic field can significantly enhance the magnetic scattering in the superconducting state, roughly doubling the Bragg intensity at 13.5 T. We perform a microscopic modelling of the data by use of a five-band Hamiltonian relevant to iron pnictides. In the superconducting state, vortices can slow down and freeze spin fluctuations locally. When such regions couple they result in a long-range ordered antiferromagnetic phase producing the enhanced magnetic elastic scattering in agreement with experiments.

Published
2015
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11. CMS technical design report, volume II: Physics performance

Author

G. L. BAYATIAN, S. CHATRCHYAN, G. HMAYAKYAN, A. M. SIRUNYAN, W. ADAM, T. BERGAUER, M. DRAGICEVIC, J. ERO, M. FRIEDL, R. FRUEHWIRTH, V. GHETE, P. GLASER, J. HRUBEC, M. JEITLER, M. KRAMMER, I. MAGRANS, I. MIKULEC, W. MITAROFF, T. NOEBAUER, M. PERNICKA, P. PORTH, H. ROHRINGER, J. STRAUSS, A. TAUROK, W. WALTENBERGER, G. WALZEL, E. WIDL, C. E. WULZ, A. FEDOROV, M. KORZHIK, O. MISSEVITCH, R. ZUYEUSKI, V. CHEKHOVSKY, O. DVORNIKOV, I. EMELIANTCHIK, A. LITOMIN, V. MOSSOLOV, N. SHUMEIKO, A. SOLIN, R. STEFANOVITCH, J. SUAREZ GONZALEZ, A. TIKHONOV, V. PETROV, J. D'HONDT, S. DE WEIRDT, R. GOORENS, J. HEYNINCK, S. LOWETTE, S. TAVERNIER, W. VAN DONINCK, L. VAN LANCKER, O. BOUHALI, B. CLERBAUX, G. DE LENTDECKER, J. P. DEWULF, T. MAHMOUD, P. E. MARAGE, L. NEUKERMANS, V. SUNDARARAJAN, C. VANDER VELDE, P. VANLAER, J. WICKENS, S. ASSOUAK, J. L. BONNET, G. BRUNO, J. CAUDRON, B. DE CALLATAY, J. DE FAVEREAU DE JENERET, S. DE VISSCHER, C. DELAERE, P. DEMIN, D. FAVART, E. FELTRIN, E. FORTON, G. GREGOIRE, S. KALININ, D. KCIRA, T. KEUTGEN, G. LEIBENGUTH, V. LEMAITRE, Y. LIU, D. MICHOTTE, O. MILITARU, A. NINANE, S. OVYN, T. PIERZCHALA, K. PIOTRZKOWSKI, V. ROBERFROID, X. ROUBY, D. TEYSSIER, O. VAN DER AA, M. VANDER DONCKT, E. DAUBIE, P. HERQUET, A. MOLLET, A. ROMEYER, W. BEAUMONT, M. CARDACI, E. DE LANGHE, E. A. DE WOLF, L. RURUA, M. H. G. SOUZA, V. OGURI, A. SANTORO, A. SZNAJDER, M. VAZ, E. M. GREGORES, S. F. NOVAES, T. ANGUELOV, G. ANTCHEV, I. ATANASOV, J. DAMGOV, N. DARMENOV, L. DIMITROV, V. GENCHEV, P. IAYDJIEV, B. PANEV, S. PIPEROV, S. STOYKOVA, G. SULTANOV, I. VANKOV, A. DIMITROV, V. KOZHUHAROV, L. LITOV, M. MAKARIEV, A. MARINOV, E. MARINOVA, S. MARKOV, M. MATEEV, B. PAVLOV, P. PETKOV, C. SABEV, S. STOYNEV, Z. TOTEVA, V. VERGUILOV, G. M. CHEN, H. S. CHEN, K. L. HE, C. H. JIANG, W. G. LI, H. M. LIU, X. MENG, X. Y. SHEN, H. S. SUN, M. YANG, W. R. ZHAO, H. L. ZHUANG, Y. BAN, J. CAI, S. LIU, S. J. QIAN, Z. C. YANG, Y. L. YE, J. YING, J. WU, Z. P. ZHANG, N. GODINOVIC, I. PULJAK, I. SORIC, Z. ANTUNOVIC, M. DZELALIJA, K. MARASOVIC, V. BRIGLJEVIC, D. FERENCEK, K. KADIJA, S. MOROVIC, M. PLANINIC, C. NICOLAOU, A. PAPADAKIS, P. A. RAZIS, D. TSIAKKOURI, A. HEKTOR, M. KADASTIK, K. KANNIKE, E. LIPPMAA, M. MUNTEL, M. RAIDAL, P. A. AARNIO, S. CZELLAR, E. HAEGGSTROEM, A. HEIKKINEN, J. HARKONEN, V. KARIMAKI, R. KINNUNEN, T. LAMPEN, K. LASSILA PERINI, S. LEHTI, T. LINDEN, P. R. LUUKKA, S. MICHAL, T. MAENPAA, J. NYSTEN, M. STETTLER, E. TUOMINEN, J. TUOMINIEMI, L. WENDLAND, T. TUUVA, J. P. GUILLAUD, P. NEDELEC, D. SILLOU, M. ANFREVILLE, S. BEAUCERON, E. BOUGAMONT, P. BREDY, R. CHIPAUX, M. DEJARDIN, D. DENEGRI, J. DESCAMPS, B. FABBRO, J. L. FAURE, S. GANJOUR, F. X. GENTIT, A. GIVERNAUD, P. GRAS, G. HAMEL DE MONCHENAULT, P. JARRY, F. KIRCHER, M. C. LEMAIRE, B. LEVESY, E. LOCCI, J. P. LOTTIN, I. MANDJAVIDZE, M. MUR, E. PASQUETTO, A. PAYN, J. RANDER, J. M. REYMOND, F. RONDEAUX, A. ROSOWSKY, Z. H. SUN, P. VERRECCHIA, S. BAFFIONI, F. BEAUDETTE, M. BERCHER, U. BERTHON, S. BIMBOT, J. BOUROTTE, P. BUSSON, M. CERUTTI, D. CHAMONT, C. CHARLOT, C. COLLARD, D. DECOTIGNY, E. DELMEIRE, L. DOBRZYNSKI, A. M. GAILLAC, Y. GEEREBAERT, J. GILLY, M. HAGUENAUER, A. KARAR, A. MATHIEU, G. MILLERET, P. MINE, P. PAGANINI, T. ROMANTEAU, I. SEMENIOUK, Y. SIROIS, J. D. BERST, J. M. BROM, F. DIDIERJEAN, F. DROUHIN, J. C. FONTAINE, U. GOERLACH, P. GRAEHLING, L. GROSS, L. HOUCHU, P. JUILLOT, A. LOUNIS, C. MAAZOUZI, D. MANGEOL, C. OLIVETTO, T. TODOROV, P. VAN HOVE, D. VINTACHE, M. AGERON, J. L. AGRAM, G. BAULIEU, M. BEDJIDIAN, J. BLAHA, A. BONNEVAUX, G. BOUDOUL, E. CHABANAT, C. COMBARET, D. CONTARDO, R. DELLA NEGRA, P. DEPASSE, T. DUPASQUIER, H. EL MAMOUNI, N. ESTRE, J. FAY, S. GASCON, N. GIRAUD, C. GIRERD, R. HAROUTUNIAN, J. C. IANIGRO, B. ILLE, M. LETHUILLIER, N. LUMB, H. MATHEZ, G. MAURELLI, L. MIRABITO, S. PERRIES, O. RAVAT, R. KVATADZE, V. ROINISHVILI, R. ADOLPHI, R. BRAUER, W. BRAUNSCHWEIG, H. ESSER, L. FELD, A. HEISTER, W. KARPINSKI, K. KLEIN, C. KUKULIES, J. OLZEM, A. OSTAPCHUK, D. PANDOULAS, G. PIERSCHEL, F. RAUPACH, S. SCHAEL, G. SCHWERING, M. THOMAS, M. WEBER, B. WITTMER, M. WLOCHAL, A. ADOLF, P. BIALLASS, M. BONTENACKELS, M. ERDMANN, H. FESEFELDT, T. HEBBEKER, S. HERMANN, G. HILGERS, K. HOEPFNER, C. HOF, S. KAPPLER, M. KIRSCH, D. LANSKE, B. PHILIPPS, H. REITHLER, T. ROMMERSKIRCHEN, M. SOWA, H. SZCZESNY, M. TONUTTI, O. TSIGENOV, F. BEISSEL, M. DAVIDS, M. DUDA, G. FLUGGE, T. FRANKE, M. GIFFELS, T. HERMANNS, D. HEYDHAUSEN, S. KASSELMANN, G. KAUSSEN, T. KRESS, A. LINN, A. NOWACK, M. POETTGENS, O. POOTH, A. STAHL, D. TORNIER, A. FLOSSDORF, B. HEGNER, J. MNICH, C. ROSEMANN, G. FLUCKE, U. HOLM, R. KLANNER, U. PEIN, N. SCHIRM, P. SCHLEPER, G. STEINBRUCK, M. STOYE, R. VAN STAA, K. WICK, P. BLUM, V. BUEGE, W. DE BOER, G. DIRKES, M. FAHRER, M. FEINDT, U. FELZMANN, J. FERNANDEZ MENENDEZ, M. FREY, A. FURGERI, F. HARTMANN, S. HEIER, C. JUNG, B. LEDERMANN, T.H. MULLER, M. NIEGEL, A. OEHLER, T. ORTEGA GOMEZ, C. PIASECKI, G. QUAST, K. RABBERTZ, C. SAOUT, A. SCHEURER, D. SCHIEFERDECKER, A. SCHMIDT, H. J. SIMONIS, A. THEEL, A. VEST, T. WEILER, C. WEISER, J. WENG, V. ZHUKOV, G. KARAPOSTOLI, P. KATSAS, P. KREUZER, A. PANAGIOTOU, C. PAPADIMITROPOULOS, G. ANAGNOSTOU, M. BARONE, T. GERALIS, C. KALFAS, A. KOIMAS, A. KYRIAKIS, S. KYRIAZOPOULOU, D. LOUKAS, A. MARKOU, C. MARKOU, C. MAVROMMATIS, K. THEOFILATOS, G. VERMISOGLOU, A. ZACHARIADOU, X. ASLANOGLOU, I. EVANGELOU, P. KOKKAS, N. MANTHOS, I. PAPADOPOULOS, G. SIDIROPOULOS, F. A. TRIANTIS, G. BENCZE, L. BOLDIZSAR, C. HAJDU, D. HORVATH, A. LASZLO, G. ODOR, F. SIKLER, N. TOTH, G. VESZTERGOMBI, P. ZALAN, J. MOLNAR, N. BENI, A. KAPUSI, G. MARIAN, P. RAICS, Z. SZABO, Z. SZILLASI, G. ZILIZ, H. S. BAWA, S. B. BERI, V. BHANDARI, V. BHATNAGAR, M. KAUR, R. KAUR, J. M. KOHLI, A. KUMAR, J. B. SINGH, A. BHARDWAJ, S. BHATTACHARYA, S. CHATTERJI, S. CHAUHAN, B. C. CHOUDHARY, P. GUPTA, M. JHA, K. RANJAN, R. K. SHIVPURI, A. K. SRIVASTAVA, S. BORKAR, M. DIXIT, M. GHODGAONKAR, S. K. KATARIA, S. K. LALWANI, V. MISHRA, A. K. 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GOUDARD, J. GUTLEBER, M. HANSEN, J. HARTERT, A. HERVE, H.F. HOFFMANN, A. HONMA, M. HUHTINEN, G. ILES, V. INNOCENTE, W. JANK, P. JANOT, K. KLOUKINAS, C. LASSEUR, M. LEBEAU, P. LECOQ, C. LEONIDOPOULOS, M. LETHEREN, C. LJUSLIN, R. LOOS, G. MAGAZZU, L. MALGERI, M. MANNELLI, A. MARCHIORO, F. MEIJERS, E. MESCHI, R. MOSER, M. MULDERS, J. NASH, R.A. OFIERZYNSKI, A. OH, P. OLBRECHTS, A. ONNELA, L. ORSINI, I. PAL, G. PAPOTTI, R. PARAMATTI, G. PASSARDI, B. PEREA SOLANO, G. PERINIC, P. PETAGNA, A. PETRILLI, A. PFEIFFER, M. PIMIA, R. PINTUS, H. POSTEMA, R. PRINCIPE, J. PUERTA PELAYO, A. RACZ, J. REHN, S. REYNAUD, M. RISOLDI, P. RODRIGUES SIMOES MOREIRA, G. ROLANDI, P. ROSINSKY, P. RUMERIO, H. SAKULIN, D. SAMYN, F.P. SCHILLING, C. SCHWICK, C. SCHAFER, I. SEGONI, A. SHARMA, P. SIEGRIST, N. SINANIS, P. SPHICAS, M. SPIROPULU, F. SZONCSO, O. TELLER, D. TREILLE, J. TROSKA, E. TSESMELIS, D. TSIRIGKAS, A. TSIROU, D. UNGARO, F. VASEY, M. VAZQUEZ ACOSTA, L. VEILLET, P. VICHOUDIS, P. WERTELAERS, A. WIJNANT, M. WILHELMSSON, I.M. WILLERS, W. BERTL, K. DEITERS, W. ERDMANN, K. GABATHULER, S. HEISING, R. HORISBERGER, Q. INGRAM, H.C. KAESTLI, D. KOTLINSKI, S. KONIG, D. RENKER, T. ROHE, M. SPIRA, B. BETEV, G. DAVATZ, G. DISSERTORI, M. DITTMAR, L. DJAMBAZOV, J. EHLERS, R. EICHLER, G. FABER, K. FREUDENREICH, J.F. FUCHS, C. GRAB, A. HOLZNER, P. INGENITO, U. LANGENEGGER, P. LECOMTE, G. LESHEV, A. LISTER, P.D. LUCKEY, W. LUSTERMANN, J.D. MAILLEFAUD, F. MOORTGAT, A. NARDULLI, F. NESSI-TEDALDI, L. PAPE, F. PAUSS, H. RYKACZEWSKI, U. ROSER, D. SCHINZEL, A. STARODUMOV, F. STOCKLI, H. SUTER, L. TAUSCHER, P. TRUB, H.P. VON GUNTEN, M. WENSVEEN, E. ALAGOZ, C. AMSLER, V. CHIOCHIA, C. HOERMANN, K. PROKOFIEV, C. REGENFUS, P. ROBMANN, T. SPEER, S. STEINER, L. WILKE, S. BLYTH, Y.H. CHANG, E.A. CHEN, A. GO, C.C. HUNG, C.M. KUO, W. LIN, P. CHANG, Y. CHAO, K.F. CHEN, Z. GAO, Y. HSIUNG, Y.J. LEI, J. SCHUMANN, J.G. SHIU, K. UENO, Y. VELIKZHANIN, P. YEH, S. AYDIN, M.N. BAKIRCI, S. CERCI, I. DUMANOGLU, S. ERTURK, S. ESEN, E. ESKUT, A. KAYIS TOPAKSU, P. KURT, H. OZKURT, A. POLATOZ, K. SOGUT, H. TOPAKLI, M. VERGILI, T. YETKIN, G. ONENGUT, H. GAMSIZKAN, C. OZKAN, S. SEKMEN, M. SERIN-ZEYREK, R. SEVER, E. YAZGAN, M. ZEYREK, A. CAKIR, K. CANKOCAK, M. DELIOMEROGLU, D. DEMIR, K. DINDAR, E. GULMEZ, E. ISIKSAL, M. KAYA, O. KAYA, S. OZKORUCUKLU, N. SONMEZ, B. GRINEV, V. LYUBYNSKIY, V. SENCHYSHYN, L. LEVCHUK, P. SOROKIN, D.S. BAILEY, T. BARRASS, J.J. BROOKE, R. CROFT, D. CUSSANS, D. EVANS, R. FRAZIER, N. GRANT, G.P. HEATH, H.F. HEATH, B. HUCKVALE, C. LYNCH, C.K. MACKAY, S. METSON, D.M. NEWBOLD, V.J. SMITH, R.J. TAPPER, S.A. BAIRD, K.W. BELL, R.M. BROWN, D.J.A. COCKERILL, J.A. COUGHLAN, P.S. FLOWER, V.B. FRANCIS, M. FRENCH, J. GREENHALGH, R. HALSALL, J. HILL, L. JONES, B.W. KENNEDY, L. LINTERN, A.B. LODGE, J. MADDOX, Q. MORRISSEY, P. MURRAY, M. PEARSON, S. QUINTON, J. SALISBURY, A. SHAH, C. SHEPHERD-THEMISTOCLEOUS, B. SMITH, M. SPROSTON, R. STEPHENSON, S. TAGHAVIRAD, I.R. TOMALIN, J.H. WILLIAMS, F. ARTECHE, R. BAINBRIDGE, G. BARBER, P. BARRILLON, R. BEUSELINCK, F. BLEKMAN, D. BRITTON, D. COLLING, G. DASKALAKIS, G. DEWHIRST, S. DRIS, C. FOUDAS, J. FULCHER, S. GREDER, G. HALL, J. JONES, J. LEAVER, B.C. MACEVOY, O. MARONEY, A. NIKITENKO, A. PAPAGEORGIOU, D.M. RAYMOND, M.J. RYAN, C. SEEZ, P. SHARP, M. TAKAHASHI, C. TIMLIN, T. VIRDEE, S. WAKEFIELD, M. WINGHAM, A. ZABI, Y. ZHANG, O. ZORBA, C. DA VIA, I. GOITOM, P.R. HOBSON, P. KYBERD, C. MUNRO, J. NEBRENSKY, I. REID, O. SHARIF, R. TAYLOR, L. TEODORESCU, S.J. WATTS, I. YASELLI, E. HAZEN, A.H. HEERING, D. LAZIC, E. MACHADO, D. OSBORNE, J. ROHLF, L. SULAK, F. VARELA RODRIGUEZ, S. WU, D. CUTTS, R. HOOPER, G. LANDSBERG, R. PARTRIDGE, S. VANINI, R. BREEDON, M. CASE, M. CHERTOK, J. CONWAY, P.T. COX, R. ERBACHER, J. GUNION, B. HOLBROOK, W. KO, R. LANDER, D. PELLETT, J. SMITH, A. SOHA, M. TRIPATHI, R. VOGT, V. ANDREEV, K. ARISAKA, D. CLINE, R. COUSINS, S. ERHAN, M. FELCINI, J. HAUSER, M. IGNATENKO, B. LISOWSKI, D. MATLOCK, C. MATTHEY, B. MOHR, J. MUMFORD, S. OTWINOWSKI, G. RAKNESS, P. SCHLEIN, Y. SHI, J. TUCKER, V. VALUEV, R. WALLNY, H.G. WANG, X. YANG, Y. ZHENG, R. CLARE, D. FORTIN, D. FUTYAN, J.W. GARY, M. GIUNTA, G. HANSON, G.Y. JENG, S.C. KAO, H. LIU, G. PASZTOR, A. SATPATHY, B.C. SHEN, R. STRINGER, V. SYTNIK, R. WILKEN, D. ZER-ZION, J.G. BRANSON, E. DUSINBERRE, J. LETTS, T. MARTIN, M. MOJAVER, H.P. PAAR, H. PI, M. PIERI, A. RANA, V. SHARMA, A. WHITE, F. WURTHWEIN, A. AFFOLDER, C. CAMPAGNARI, C. HILL, J. INCANDELA, S. KYRE, J. LAMB, J. RICHMAN, D. STUART, D. WHITE, J. ALBERT, A. BORNHEIM, J. BUNN, J. CHEN, G. DENIS, P. GALVEZ, M. GATAULLIN, I. LEGRAND, V. LITVINE, Y. MA, D. NAE, H.B. NEWMAN, S. RAVOT, S. SHEVCHENKO, S. SINGH, C. STEENBERG, X. SU, V. TIMCIUC, F. VAN LINGEN, J. VEVERKA, B.R. VOICU, A. WEINSTEIN, R. WILKINSON, Y. YANG, L.Y. ZHANG, K. ZHU, R.Y. ZHU, T. FERGUSON, M. PAULINI, J. RUSS, N. TERENTYEV, H. VOGEL, I. VOROBIEV, J.P. CUMALAT, W.T. FORD, D. JOHNSON, U. NAUENBERG, K. STENSON, S.R. WAGNER, J. ALEXANDER, D. CASSEL, K. ECKLUND, B. HELTSLEY, C.D. JONES, V. KUZNETSOV, J.R. PATTERSON, A. RYD, J. THOM, P. WITTICH, C.P. BEETZ, G. CIRINO, V. PODRASKY, C. SANZENI, D. WINN, S. ABDULLIN, M.A. AFAQ, M. ALBROW, J. AMUNDSON, G. APOLLINARI, M. ATAC, W. BADGETT, J.A. BAKKEN, B. BALDIN, L.A.T. BAUERDICK, A. BAUMBAUGH, U. BAUR, P.C. BHAT, F. BORCHERDING, K. BURKETT, J.N. BUTLER, H. CHEUNG, I. CHURIN, S. CIHANGIR, M. DEMARTEAU, D.P. EARTLY, J.E. ELIAS, V.D. ELVIRA, I. FISK, J. FREEMAN, P. GARTUNG, F.J.M. GEURTS, D.A. GLENZINSKI, E. GOTTSCHALK, G. GRAHAM, D. GREEN, G.M. GUGLIELMO, Y. GUO, O. GUTSCHE, A. HAHN, J. HANLON, S. HANSEN, R.M. HARRIS, T. HESSELROTH, S.L. HOLM, B. HOLZMAN, S. IQBAL, E. JAMES, M. JOHNSON, U. JOSHI, B. KLIMA, J. KOWALKOWSKI, T. KRAMER, S. KWAN, E. LA VALLIE, M. LARWILL, S. LOS, L. LUEKING, G. LUKHANIN, S. LUSIN, K. MAESHIMA, P. MCBRIDE, S.J. MURRAY, V. O'DELL, M. PATERNO, J. PATRICK, D. PETRAVICK, R. PORDES, O. PROKOFYEV, V. RASMISLOVICH, N. RATNIKOVA, A. RONZHIN, V. SEKHRI, E. SEXTON-KENNEDY, T. SHAW, D. SKOW, R.P. SMITH, W.J. SPALDING, L. SPIEGEL, M. STAVRIANAKOU, G. STIEHR, I. SUZUKI, P. TAN, W. TANENBAUM, S. TKACZYK, S. VESELI, R. VIDAL, H. WENZEL, J. WHITMORE, W.J. WOMERSLEY, W.M. WU, Y. WU, A. YAGIL, J. YARBA, J.C. YUN, D. ACOSTA, P. AVERY, V. BARASHKO, P. BARTALINI, D. BOURILKOV, R. CAVANAUGH, A. DROZDETSKIY, R.D. FIELD, Y. FU, L. GRAY, D. HOLMES, B.J. KIM, S. KLIMENKO, J. KONIGSBERG, A. KORYTOV, K. KOTOV, P. LEVCHENKO, A. MADORSKY, K. MATCHEV, GUENAKH MITSELMAKHER, Y. PAKHOTIN, C. PRESCOTT, P. RAMOND, J.L. RODRIGUEZ, M. SCHMITT, B. SCURLOCK, H. STOECK, J. YELTON, W. BOEGLIN, V. GAULTNEY, L. KRAMER, S. LINN, P. MARKOWITZ, G. MARTINEZ, B. RAUE, J. REINHOLD, A. ASKEW, M. BERTOLDI, W.G.D. DHARMARATNA, Y. GERSHTEIN, S. HAGOPIAN, V. HAGOPIAN, M. JENKINS, K.F. JOHNSON, H. PROSPER, H. WAHL, M. BAARMAND, L. BAKSAY, S. GURAGAIN, M. HOHLMANN, H. MERMERKAYA, R. RALICH, I. VODOPIYANOV, M.R. ADAMS, R.R. BETTS, C.E. GERBER, E. SHABALINA, C. SMITH, T. TEN, U. AKGUN, A.S. AYAN, A. COOPER, P. DEBBINS, F. DURU, M. FOUNTAIN, N. GEORGE, E. MCCLIMENT, J.P. MERLO, A. MESTVIRISHVILI, M.J. MILLER, C.R. NEWSOM, E. NORBECK, Y. ONEL, I. SCHMIDT, S. WANG, E.W. ANDERSON, O. ATRAMENTOV, J.M. HAUPTMAN, J. LAMSA, B.A. BARNETT, B. BLUMENFELD, C.Y. CHIEN, D.W. KIM, P. MAKSIMOVIC, S. SPANGLER, M. SWARTZ, P. BARINGER, A. BEAN, D. COPPAGE, O. GRACHOV, E.J. KIM, M. MURRAY, D. BANDURIN, T. BOLTON, A. KHANOV, Y. MARAVIN, D. ONOPRIENKO, F. RIZATDINOVA, R. SIDWELL, N. STANTON, E. VON TOERNE, D. BADEN, R. BARD, S.C. ENO, T. GRASSI, N.J. HADLEY, R.G. KELLOGG, S. KUNORI, F. RATNIKOV, A. SKUJA, R. ARCIDIACONO, M. BALLINTIJN, G. BAUER, P. HARRIS, I. KRAVCHENKO, C. LOIZIDES, S. NAHN, C. PAUS, S. PAVLON, C. ROLAND, G. ROLAND, K. SUMOROK, S. VAURYNOVICH, G. VERES, B. WYSLOUCH, D. BAILLEUX, S. CORUM, P. CUSHMAN, A. DE BENEDETTI, A. DOLGOPOLOV, R. EGELAND, G. FRANZONI, W.J. GILBERT, J. GRAHL, J. HAUPT, Y. KUBOTA, J. MANS, N. PEARSON, R. RUSACK, A. SINGOVSKY, L.M. CREMALDI, R. GODANG, R. KROEGER, D.A. SANDERS, D. SUMMERS, K. BLOOM, D.R. CLAES, A. DOMINGUEZ, M. EADS, C. LUNDSTEDT, S. MALIK, G.R. SNOW, A. SOBOL, I. IASHVILI, A. KHARCHILAVA, G. ALVERSON, E. BARBERIS, O. BOERIU, G. EULISSE, Y. MUSIENKO, S. MUZAFFAR, I. OSBORNE, S. REUCROFT, J. SWAIN, L. TAYLOR, L. TUURA, D. WOOD, B. GOBBI, M. KUBANTSEV, H. SCHELLMAN, E. SPENCER, M. VELASCO, B. BAUMBAUGH, N.M. CASON, M. HILDRETH, D.J. KARMGARD, N. MARINELLI, R. RUCHTI, J. WARCHOL, M. WAYNE, B. BYLSMA, L.S. DURKIN, J. GILMORE, J. GU, D. HERMAN, P. KILLEWALD, K. KNOBBE, T.Y. LING, P. ELMER, D. MARLOW, P. PIROUE, D. STICKLAND, C. TULLY, T. WILDISH, S. WYNHOFF, Z. XIE, A. APRESYAN, K. ARNDT, K. BANICZ, V.E. BARNES, G. BOLLA, D. BORTOLETTO, A. BUJAK, A.F. GARFINKEL, O. GONZALEZ LOPEZ, L. GUTAY, N. IPPOLITO, Y. KOZHEVNIKOV, A.T. LAASANEN, C. LIU, V. MAROUSSOV, P. MERKEL, D.H. MILLER, J. MIYAMOTO, N. NEUMEISTER, C. ROTT, A. ROY, A. SEDOV, I. SHIPSEY, N. PARASHAR, G. EPPLEY, S.J. LEE, J. LIU, M. MATVEEV, T. NUSSBAUM, B.P. PADLEY, J. ROBERTS, A. TUMANOV, P. YEPES, A. BODEK, H. BUDD, Y.S. CHUNG, P. DE BARBARO, R. DEMINA, R. EUSEBI, G. GINTHER, Y. GOTRA, A. HOCKER, U. HUSEMANN, S. KORJENEVSKI, W. SAKUMOTO, P. SLATTERY, P. TIPTON, M. ZIELINSKI, E. BARTZ, J. DOROSHENKO, E. HALKIADAKIS, P.F. JACQUES, M.S. KALELKAR, D. KHITS, A. LATH, A. MACPHERSON, L. PERERA, R. PLANO, K. ROSE, S. SCHNETZER, S. SOMALWAR, R. STONE, G. THOMSON, T.L. WATTS, N. AKCHURIN, K.W. CARRELL, K. GUMUS, C. JEONG, H. KIM, V. PAPADIMITRIOU, A. SILL, M. SPEZZIGA, E. WASHINGTON, R. WIGMANS, L. ZHANG, T. BAPTY, D. ENGH, W. JOHNS, T. KESKINPALA, E. LUIGGI LOPEZ, S. NEEMA, S. NORDSTROM, S. PATHAK, P. SHELDON, E.W. VAANDERING, M. WEBSTER, M.W. ARENTON, S. CONETTI, B. COX, R. HIROSKY, R. IMLAY, A. LEDOVSKOY, D. PHILLIPS, H. POWELL, M. RONQUEST, D. SMITH, Y.W. BAEK, J.N. BELLINGER, D. BRADLEY, D. CARLSMITH, I. CROTTY, S. DASU, F. FEYZI, T. GORSKI, M. GROTHE, W. HOGG, M. JAWORSKI, P. KLABBERS, A. LANARO, R. LOVELESS, M. MAGRANS DE ABRIL, D. REEDER, W.H. SMITH, D. WENMAN, G.S. ATOYAN, S. DHAWAN, V. ISSAKOV, H. NEAL, A. POBLAGUEV, M.E. ZELLER, and B.S. YULDASHEV

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, STANDARD MODEL, High Energy Physics::Experiment, EXTRA DIMENSIONS, LHC, SUPERSYMMETRY, HIGGS
Abstract

CMS is a general purpose experiment, designed to study the physics of pp collisions at 14 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). It currently involves more than 2000 physicists from more than 150 institutes and 37 countries. The LHC will provide extraordinary opportunities for particle physics based on its unprecedented collision energy and luminosity when it begins operation in 2007. The principal aim of this report is to present the strategy of CMS to explore the rich physics programme offered by the LHC. This volume demonstrates the physics capability of the CMS experiment. The prime goals of CMS are to explore physics at the TeV scale and to study the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking—through the discovery of the Higgs particle or otherwise. To carry out this task, CMS must be prepared to search for new particles, such as the Higgs boson or supersymmetric partners of the Standard Model particles, from the start-up of the LHC since new physics at the TeV scale may manifest itself with modest data samples of the order of a few fb-1 or less. The analysis tools that have been developed are applied to study in great detail and with all the methodology of performing an analysis on CMS data specific benchmark processes upon which to gauge the performance of CMS. These processes cover several Higgs boson decay channels, the production and decay of new particles such as Z' and supersymmetric particles, Bs production and processes in heavy ion collisions. The simulation of these benchmark processes includes subtle effects such as possible detector miscalibration and misalignment. Besides these benchmark processes, the physics reach of CMS is studied for a large number of signatures arising in the Standard Model and also in theories beyond the Standard Model for integrated luminosities ranging from 1 fb-1 to 30 fb-1. The Standard Model processes include QCD, B-physics, diffraction, detailed studies of the top quark properties, and electroweak physics topics such as the W and Z0 boson properties. The production and decay of the Higgs particle is studied for many observable decays, and the precision with which the Higgs boson properties can be derived is determined. About ten different supersymmetry benchmark points are analysed using full simulation. The CMS discovery reach is evaluated in the SUSY parameter space covering a large variety of decay signatures. Furthermore, the discovery reach for a plethora of alternative models for new physics is explored, notably extra dimensions, new vector boson high mass states, little Higgs models, technicolour and others. Methods to discriminate between models have been investigated. This report is organized as follows. Chapter 1, the Introduction, describes the context of this document. Chapters 2–6 describe examples of full analyses, with photons, electrons, muons, jets, missing ET, B-mesons and τ's, and for quarkonia in heavy ion collisions. Chapters 7–15 describe the physics reach for Standard Model processes, Higgs discovery and searches for new physics beyond the Standard Model.

Published
2007

12. HEIMDAL: A novel materials science neutron powder diffractometer at ESS

Author

Mogens Christensen, Anar Singh, Kim Lefmann, Jürg Schefer, S. L. Holm, and Mads F. Bertelsen

Subjects
Inorganic Chemistry, Crystallography, Materials science, Structural Biology, Powder Diffractometer, General Materials Science, Neutron, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Biochemistry
Abstract

Developing new materials is the most challenging task for the future demands due to limitations in energy, resources but also environmental damage. Improvements in material performances are reached for example by the incorporation of advanced ceramics and polymers into heterogeneous systems. Their performances usually depend on the interplay between properties defined by the atomic, nano/mesoscopic and microscopic structure. In-situ and in-operandi investigations will be in the focus of such investigations. The instrument HEIMDAL proposed for the European spallation neutron source ESS will offer here perfect prospects, as the instrumental resolution of this powder diffractometer can widely be adapted taking either full advantage of the broad pulse of ESS (2.86ms) offering highest intensity, or using a fraction of the pulse for highest resolution. A thermal and a cold guides pointing to the same virtual source extend the spatial window of the instrumental from an atomic scale (0.3Å-1≤Q≤50Å-1) to a nano/meso scale, 0.002Å-1≤Q≤0.1Å-1 by adding a narrow-band SANS instrument behind. Our chopper system allows switching the different operation modes electronically. Traditionally such structural information has been collected in separated experiments such as powder diffraction (PD), wide angle diffraction scale, small angle diffraction and direct space imaging techniques (sub-micronic to millimeter scale), whereas HEIMDAL can offer these options in its final stage at the same time at therefore for absolutely identical experimental conditions. The top-loading geometry foreseen not only accepts auxiliary from the ESS pool (cryogenics, pressure cells, magnets) but also allows implementing bulky brought-in user equipment. It can be pretested off-line at the instrument, but already fully connected to the HEIMDAL electronics. Figure 1: a) Operation modes of the HEIMDAL b) Layout of the instrument HEIMDAL

Published
2014
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13. Magnetic properties of nano-scale hematite, α-Fe2O3, studied by time-of-flight inelastic neutron spectroscopy

Author

Feng Jiao, Niels Paduraru Jensen, Henrik Jacobsen, Andrew Harrison, S. L. Holm, J. Ross Stewart, Tilo Seydel, Kim Lefmann, H. Mutka, Adrian H. Hill, Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), and ILL

Subjects
Morin transition, Materials science, Neutron diffraction, Analytical chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, Hematite, Neutron scattering, 7. Clean energy, Molecular physics, Neutron spectroscopy, Magnetic anisotropy, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Magnetic nanoparticles, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Anisotropy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Samples of nanoscale hematite, α-Fe2O3, with different surface geometries and properties have been studied with inelastic time-of-flight neutron scattering. The 15 nm diameter nanoparticles previously shown to have two collective magnetic excitation modes in separate triple-axis neutron scattering studies have been studied in further detail using the advantage of a large detector area, high resolution, and large energy transfer range of the IN5 TOF spectrometer. A mesoporous hematite sample has also been studied, showing similarities to that of the nanoparticle sample and bulk α-Fe2O3. Analysis of these modes provides temperature dependence of the magnetic anisotropy coefficient along the c-axis, κ1. This is shown to remain negative throughout the temperature range studied in both samples, providing an explanation for the previously observed suppression of the Morin transition in the mesoporous material. The values of this anisotropy coefficient are found to lie between those of bulk and nano-particulate samples, showing the hybrid nature of the mesoporous 3-dimensional structure.

Published
2014
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14. Out-patient rehabilitation improves activities of daily living, quality of life and exercise tolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Author

K E Bendstrup, S. L. Holm, B. Bengtsson, and J. Ingemann Jensen

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Occupational therapy, Quality of life, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Vital capacity, Activities of daily living, medicine.medical_treatment, Rehabilitation Centers, law.invention, FEV1/FVC ratio, Randomized controlled trial, Ambulatory care, law, Activities of Daily Living, medicine, Ambulatory Care, Humans, Chronic obstructive pulmomary disease, Lung Diseases, Obstructive, Aged, Rehabilitation, Chi-Square Distribution, Exercise Tolerance, business.industry, Middle Aged, Respiratory Function Tests, Six minute walking test, Treatment Outcome, Controlled, randomized design, Physical therapy, Quality of Life, Patient Compliance, Female, business, Program Evaluation
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects on activities of daily living, quality of life, and exercise tolerance of a comprehensive out-patient rehabilitation programme for patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this randomized and controlled trial, the main outcome measures were Activities of Daily Living (ADL) score, York Quality of Life Questionnaire (YQLQ) score, Chronic Respiratory Discase Questionnaire (CRDQ) score, 6 min walking distance (6MWD), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and forced vital capacity (FVC). The rehabilitation programme included physical training, occupational therapy, education, and smoking cessation therapy, and lasted for 12 weeks. The six minute walking test patients were evaluated at entry, halfway through, and at the end of the programme. Follow-up was at 24 weeks. Forty seven patients were recruited, and 16 in each group completed the trial. There were significant differences in the improvements in ADL and CRDQ between the control and the treatment groups at 12 and 24 weeks, and at 24 weeks, respectively. At 6, 12 and 24 weeks, improvements in the 6MWD were 21.6 versus 79.8, 36.1 versus 113.1 and 21.4 versus 96.2 for control and treatment groups, respectively (p < 0.003). A correlation matrix showed only ADL and 6MWD to be significantly correlated; the matrix was also used to validate the translated questionnaires. The programme required 124 staff-hours in total. An inexpensive, comprehensive out-patient rehabilitation programme can produce long-term improvement in activities of daily living, quality of life, and exercise tolerance in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Published
1998
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16. Powder Diffractometers at Long-Pulsed Sources

Author

Klaus Lieutenant, S. L. Holm, Kim Lefmann, and Morten Sales

Subjects
Wavelength, Materials science, Optics, Powder Diffractometer, business.industry, Instrumentation, Thermal, Resolution (electron density), General Physics and Astronomy, business, Neutron temperature, Distributed ray tracing, Diffractometer
Abstract

We have investigated the performance of a cold and a thermal neutron powder diffractometer installed at at long-pulsed source with the use of Monte Carlo ray tracing simulations. We show that the cold powder diffractometer will be a very powerful instrument when a relaxed resolution can be accepted – e.g. for magnetic studies. A comparison between a thermal powder diffractometer with and without Wavelength Frame Multiplication (WFM) show that the WFM technique can be used to achieve shorter instrument length without losing flux. The thermal powder diffractometer will be competitive with the existing high resolution powder diffractometers.

Published
2011
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17. Simulation of a suite of generic long-pulse neutron instruments to optimize the time structure of the European Spallation Source

Author

Erik Knudsen, Peter Kjær Willendrup, Lars von Moos, Morten Sales, Klaus Lieutenant, Ken Haste Andersen, Kaspar Hewitt Klenø, J. O. Birk, S. L. Holm, Kim Lefmann, and Britt Rosendahl Hansen

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear engineering, Suite, Particle accelerator, law.invention, Power (physics), Pulse (physics), law, Duty cycle, Others, Neutron source, Neutron, Spallation, Instrumentation
Abstract

We here describe the result of simulations of 15 generic neutron instruments for the long-pulsed European Spallation Source. All instruments have been simulated for 20 different settings of the source time structure, corresponding to pulse lengths between 1 ms and 2 ms; and repetition frequencies between 10 Hz and 25 Hz. The relative change in performance with time structure is given for each instrument, and an unweighted average is calculated. The performance of the instrument suite is proportional to (a) the peak flux and (b) the duty cycle to a power of approximately 0.3. This information is an important input to determining the best accelerator parameters. In addition, we find that in our simple guide systems, most neutrons reaching the sample originate from the central 3-5 cm of the moderator. This result can be used as an input in later optimization of the moderator design. We discuss the relevance and validity of defining a single figure-of-merit for a full facility and compare with evaluations of the individual instrument classes. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.

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